Kunzwisisa Muitiro Womutemo: Mugari ’ Nhungamiro Kunzira Iyo Mitemo Inogadzirwa Nayo Nokuchinjwa Nayo

Mitemo inoumba anenge rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwezuva nezuva ̵ kubva pakumhanya kwaunofambisa mumugwagwa uchienda kumipimo yekotsekano yezvokudya zvaunodya nechimiro chemhepo yaunofema. Bva kuvagari vazhinji, muitiro uyo mufungo wakapfava unoramba uri mutemo unobatira. Democracy inoshanda inotsamira pavoruzhinji vanonzwisisa kwete bedzi izvo mutemo unotaura, asi kuti unosvika sei pakuva munhu uye kuti unogona sei kuchinjwa. Iyi nhungamiro inopfuura nomuchiteshi chakakwana choupenyu chomutemo, kubva paridziro yokutanga yepfungwa kuchiratidzo chokupedzisira, uye inotsanangura nzira dzinoshanda dzaunogona kupesvedzera nadzo muitiro iwoyo.

Mavambo Omutemo

Kwakabva Mitemo

Mugadziriro zhinjisa dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, chiremera chokuita mitemo chinomira nebazu remitemo rehurumende ̬ nenzira yakaenzana paramende, musangano, kana kuti gungano. aya mapoka anoumbwa navamiriri vakasarudzwa vanobatira senzwi ravanhu. Chivako chakananga chinosiana nenyika: United States ine biobaral Congress (Imba yaVamiri naDare), United Kingdom ine Paramende (Imba yeCommons neNzvimba zvaMadzidzi), uye mamwe marudzi akawanda ane gadziriro mbiri dzakafanana kana kuti dzechikaro imwe.

Marudzi Omutemo

Kunzwisisa musiyano uri pakati pemarudzi akasiyana - siyana omutemo kunobetsera kujekesa kuti mitemo yakati inochinja sei uye nei ichichinja:

  • [ Mutemo wemirayiridzi ...#821; Mitemo inopiwa nedare remitemo. Irworwu rudzi rwakakurumbira zvikurusa rwomutemo uye runofukidza chinhu chiri chose kubva kumitemo yomutero kusvikira kumirau yemhoteredzo.
  • Mutemo weCunistigation [#821]; Mutumbi womutemo unodudzira nyika ’ bumbiro remitemo. Kugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo kunowanzoda muitiro unoraira zvikuru kupfuura mutemowo zvawo.
  • Mutemo kana kuti udzori #821; Mitemo yakabudiswa namasangano ehurumende ane simba romutemo. Iyoyi inowanzozadza udzame hwakasiiwa hwakazaruka nemirau.
  • Common kana kuti mutemo wenhau #821; Mutemo wakagadzwa kupfurikidza nezvisarudzo zvedare nemienzaniso, panzvimbo kupfurikidza nemitemo.

Iyi nhungamiro inonangidzira ngwariro zvikurukuru pamutemo wemitemo ̬ rudzi rwomutemo unovamba somurayiro uye unofamba nomugadziriro yakarongwa yomutemo.

Gadziriro Yomutemo Muudzame

Kunyange zvazvo maitiro chaiwoiwo achisiyana - siyana kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe, matanho makuru okuita mutemo anoenderana chaizvo negadziriro yehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu.

Mafungiro uye Kuchinja Zvinhu

Mutemo mumwe nomumwe unovamba sepfungwa. Pfungwa iyoyo inogona kubva kupi nokupi: mutezo wedare rehurumende, sangano rehurumende, boka rokuva mugamuchiri wesangano, mumanikidzi wekambani, kana kuti mugariwo zvake anoonana nemumiririri wake. Pfungwa yacho ipapo inoshandurwa mumutauro wepamutemo, kubudisa gwaro rinonzi bhill[. Chikamu ichi chokunyora chinenge chaoma nemhaka yokuti mashoko chaiwo epepa anoratidza zvaanotaura anoratidza pamutemo. Vatongi vakawanda vanovimba nenyanzvi dzezvokunyora mapepa kana kuti zano repamutemo kuvimbisa mutauro wacho kuti wakajeka, unotevedzerwa, unotevedzerwa, uye unowirirana nomutemo uripo.

Kutanga uye Kuverenga Kwokutanga

Kana rangonyorwa, mutezo unosumwa nomutezo wedare remitemo. Irori rinowanzonzi kurava kwokutanga. Mumiitiro mizhinjisa, mutengi unopiwa nhamba, unodhindwa, uye unogoverwa kudare panhau yaro. Pano, pamutemo unova nhau yechinyorwa chavose, uye vagari vemo vanogona kuvamba kuronda fambiro mberi yawo.

Kuongorora kweDare

Ipapa ndipo apo basa gurusa rokupa chikwereti rinoitikira. Dare rakagoverwa ̬ rakabatanidzwa neboka duku ravamiriri vane unyanzvi munharaunda ine chokuita ne̬ rinotonga, rinounganidza chipupuriro, uye nharo pamusoro pemitengo ̱. Mitezo yedare inogona:

  • Ziva pamutemo [ #821; Kugadziridza, kuwedzera kana kubvisa zvikamu, uye kuchinja mutauro.
  • Vamba kutonga kwapachena[ [#821]; Menya nyanzvi, vatsigiri, uye vagari vemo kuti vape chipupuriro.
  • [[FOL:0] Chengeta papepa [ #821; Sarudza kana ungaritumira kunzvimbo yakazara yokurangarira.

Mutengo unogona kuva [ wakanyorwa zvakanaka (zvinorumbidzwa nokuda kwokupfuura), unoshumwa nedzosero, kana kuti yakasainwa [ (kunotsaurwa kusvikira kunguva isingazivikanwi). Zvikwereti zvizhinji zvinofa panhambo ino nemhaka yokuti dare harisati risati richiita. Iri ndirimwe ramapfundo anokosha zvikurusa echigaro chomugari wemo: kupinda matare kana kuti kupa chipupuriro chakanyorwa zvinogona kupesvedzera zvakananga chirevo chepepa  jambwa.

4 Nharo Dzakafanana Nokurava Kwechipiri

Kana dare rikapukunyuka bhiri redare, rinoenda kunzvimbo yakazara nokuda kwechiverengero chechipiri. Ipapa apo mitezo yose yeimba inokakavadzana rugwaro rwemabhii ̱ inheyo dzavose nedzokugadziridzwa kupi nokupi kukarakadzwa. Mudzimwe gadziriro, kurava kwechipiri kungabatanidza kuhwirudzurwa kune udzame hwemashoko kupfurikidza nehwirudzuro. Kukurukurirana kunogona kuva kupfupi kana kuti kunogona kutambanukira pamazuva kana kuti mavhiki, zvikurukuru nokuda kwemitemo inomutsa nharo.

5. Vechitatu Kurava Nokurovedza

rugwaro rwechitatu [[[FLT: 1] idanho rokupedzisira pamberi povhoti. Papfundo rino, gadziridzo huru kazhinji kazhinji hadzibvumirwi (kunyange ruramiso duku dzingabvumirwa). Mitezo ipapo inovhotera kana kuti inopfuura pamutemo. Kana inopfuura, mutemo unoenda kune imwe kamuri repamutemo (mugadziriro yebidara) ndokudzokorora muitiro wose.

6. Kufunga Nevamwe Vari Mune Imwe Dare

Dare rechipiri ̬ ringava senate, imba yapamusoro, kana kuti rimwe gungano — pinda munhambo imwe cheteyo yehwirudzuro yedare, kurukurirano, uye kuvhota. Imwe kamuri ingatendera mutemo se-ndi, kuuramba, kana kuti kukarakadza chinjo. Kana imba yechipiri ikaita kuti igadziriswe, mutemo unodzokera kuimba yokutanga, inofanira kugamuchira chinjo idzodzo kana kuti zvimwe kukumbira dare redare rokuyananisa.

7. Dare Romusangano (Kana Richidiwa)

Dare remusangano iboka rechinguvana ravamiriri vanobva mumakamuri ose ari maviri vanosangana kuti vakurukure chinyorwa chemitemo. Chibvumirano chokubvumirana pachinhu chimwe chinofanira kutenderwa namakamuri ose ari maviri muchimiro chakafanana. Chikamu ichi chinogona kuva chakaoma uye chinenge chine mitsetse mirefu, sezvo mutauro wokupedzisira wemuromo unosairwa seri kwemikova yakavharwa.

8. Kutenderwa Nevane Simba

Kana makamuri ose ari maviri angotendera shanduro dzakafanana dzebhiri racho, rinotumirwa kubazu guru ̬ purezidhendi, gavhuna, mutungamiriri wehurumende, kana kuti mambo, kuchitsamira pagadziriro. Mukuru mukuru ane zvisarudzo zvinoverengeka:

  • [ Chiratidzo chemutengo [ ̵ Mutengo unova mutemo.
  • [ Mutengo [ #821; Dzosera kuimba yomutemo nezvirambidzo. Chigadziko chemitemo chingabva chato nokuvhota kukuru.
  • Regai kuva mutemo pasina kusaina [#821]; Mune dzimwe gadziriro, kana mukuru mukuru asina kuita chiito mukati menhambo yakatarwa, muromo wacho unova mutemo.
  • [[FOLT:0] Pocket vento #821; Mune dzimwe nharaunda, kana chibvumirano chemitemo chisati chaita mabasa avakuru vakuru, mutengo hausati wava mutemo.

Pashure petendero, mutemo mutsva unogoverwa nhamba yomutemo wavose, unobudiswa muzvinyorwa zvapamutemo (zvakadai se United States mirau pa Mukuru kana Féderal Register[), uye inoiswa mubumbiro remitemo rakafanira.

Kuchinjwa Kunoitwa Mitemo Iripo

Kugadzira mitemo hakugumiri pamabhuku acho.Masangano anochinja, ruzivo rutsva rwokugadzira zvinhu runotanga, uye vanhu vanochinja. Kuchinja mutemo uripo kunotevera kugadzirwa kwakafanana nokusika mutsva, asi nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha.

Kugadziriswa

Chinjo ichinjo kumutemo uripo uyo unonatsa, unowedzera, kana kuti kubvisa gadziriro dzakananga. Mutengo unokarakadza kugadziriswa unofamba nomupaipi yemitemo yakazara semimwe mirau ipi neipi. Musiyano mukuru ndewokuti kugadziriswa kunofanira kusanorongwa kuti kukwaniswe mugadziriro iripo yemitemo pasina kuita nharo kana kuti migumisiro isingarongwi.

Mazai

A [[FT:0] repeal kubviswa kwakakwana kwomutemo mumabhuku. Repeals inogona kuva hwerengedzo kana kuti kusarura. Somuenzaniso, mutemi wemitemo ungabvisa mutemo wose wechinyakare kana kuti kungorova chikamu chimwe chete icho chisati chichabatira donzo rinobetsera. Zvikwereti zvepepeyi zvinofanira kupfuura mumatanho ose akafanana somumwe mutemo upi noupi.

Gadziriro Dzokuvira Kwezuva

Mimwe mitemo inobatanidza [[[NT:0] chitsama chamashoko icho chinogumisa muzvarirwo mutemo pashure pomusi wakatarwa kutoti imba yomutemo ichiitazve. Iyi mitoo inodzokororwa nguva nenguva uye inodzivisa mitemo isati yambomira. Muenzaniso mukuru iUSA PATRIOT Act, iyo inobatanidza gadziriro dzezuva rokunyura nokuda kwezviremera zvakati zvokunzvera.

Kugadziriswa Kwebumbiro reMitemo

Kuchinja bumbiro remitemo muitiro unoraira zvikuru kupfuura kuchinja mutemowo zvawo. MuUnited States, somuenzaniso, kugadziridzwa kwebumbiro-mitemo kunoda mavhoti maviri ane tatu muzvose zviri zviviri Imba neDare (kana kuti kokorodzano inodanwa namasangano maviri ane mativi matatu emisika) uye ipapo kutsakatika nemativi matatu mana enyika. Iyi bhawa rakakwirira rinovimbisa kuti chinjo huru dzine tsigiro yakafara neinogara.

Basa Revagari Vemo Mukuita Mitemo

Vagari vanonzwisisa kuti izvi zvinoitwa sei vanogona kuishandisa kuti vafambe vachiitira kuti vatange kufarira zvinhu, vadzivise zvikarakadzo zvinokuvadza, uye kuti vasazvidavirira kune vamiririri vavo.

Kuonana Nevamiriri Vako

Imwe yenzira dzakananga zvikurusa dzokupesvedzera nayo mutemo ndeyokusvika kuvakuru vakuru vako vakasarudzwa. Shoko rine mufungo, rakasanoumbwa ̬ kugona kuverwa nerunhare, email, kana kuti tsamba ̬ kunogona kuita musiano chaiwoiwo, zvikurukuru apo inosvika panguva inokosha, zvakadai sapamberi pevhoti. Vaiti vemitemo vazhinji navashandi vavo vanosanonyora tsamba, uye runhare papepa rakati zvinogona kubvisa mumiriri ’ nzvimbo kana kuti kusunda kuvasuma mumiriri.

Kupinda Kutongwa Nevanhu Vose uye Dzimba Dzeguta

Matare anowanzoita matare anozivisa vanhu vose apo vagari vemo, nyanzvi, uye vachengeti vemitoro vanogona kupupurira. Chipupuriro chinowanzova chine muganhu wenguva, uye kwakanakisisa kugadzirira mashoko mapfupi, akatevedzana. Kunyange kana usingapupuri, kuoneka chete kuti uchengete kuti vanhu vari kutarira. Misangano yehoro yeguta inogamuchirwa navamiririri vako inopa imwe nzvimbo yokubvunza mibvunzo nezvinoshuviwa nenzwi munzvimbo isina pamutemo.

Kurumbidza Muzvisarudzo

Sarudzo dzinoramba dziri chishandiso chine simba zvikurusa chinofanira kuumba nhungamiro yokuita mitemo. Kukumbira vada kubatira pamwe nemipimo yako panhau huru ̬ uye kuiita kuti izvizvidavirire pabhokisi rebhorati kana isingapi ̬ ndiyo fandesheni yehurumende inomirira hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kupfuura kusarudza kukuru kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kusarudza kuchasarudza kuti ndiani achachengeta nzvimbo munzvimbo dzakakotsekana, kuchiita kuti dzive dzinokosha zvikuru.

Makwaya Anokonzera Kutsotswa Kwemari uye Kudavira Mashura

Manzwi mumwe nomumwe anowedzerwa apo vagari vemo vanoronga. Nhimbe dzemarasroot dzinogona kuparira dzvinyiriro yavose, kusimudzira ngwariro, uye kukurudzira vatsigiri kukurukura navamiriri vavo pagweta rakati. Kuvaka mibatanidzwa namasangano ane ndangariro dzakafanana naidzo kunowanza mari nounyanzvi. Rubudiriro rwemasangano nokuda kwekodzero dzavagari vemo, dziviriro yemhoteredzo, uye chengeteko yavatengi zvose zvinoratidzira simba rechiito chakarongwa chavagari vemo.

Kuzviisa Pasi Petsinhiro Dzavose

Nokuda kwokutungamirira nokuisa mitemo, masangano anowanzodikanwa kubudisa mitemo inokarakadzwa nokukumbira tsinhiro yavose. Uyu muitiro wetsika unobvumira vagari vemo kupa tsinhiro yakanyorwa, iyo sangano rinofanira kurangarira risati rapedzisa mutemo. Tsinhiro dzakananga, madata-drisan, uye dzakadzika miganhu yapamutemo dzinotakura uremu hukurusa. Kuisa mutemo pachiteshi .gov ndiro guru retsinhiro dzakadaro muUnited States.

Kuramba Uchiziva

Zivo ndiyo chinodikanwa nokuda kwechiito. Sezvineiwo, kune maturusi mazhinji anobetsera vagari vemo kuronga mutemo ndokuramba kuripo:

  • .Gov #821; shopu yepamutemo yemitemo yeUnited States, ine magwaro epepa, kupeta, zvinyorwa zvokuvhota, uye mamiriro enhau.
  • USA #821; A anoona vakuru vakuru vako vakasarudzwa pamwero yehurumende, hurumende, uye yomunzvimbomo.
  • Avula United States /#821; Chishandiso chisiri parati icho aggrein-tesi yehurumende mumativi ose 50 emitemo.
  • Pepanhau repano nenzvimbo dzenhau dzepano nenzvimbo dzepano panzvimbo yenhau ̵ nzvimbo zhinji dzenharaunda dzinogovera kufukidzwa kwemarusando ehurumende nemitemo yomunzvimbomo.
  • [ Mabasa okungwarira akajeka [ #821; Mapoka asingapi mari neadhindi anowanzopa nyevero dzemaemail dzepachena apo zvikwereti pamisoro yakananga zvinotangwa.

Zvinetso Nezvinhu Chaizvoizvo Zvegadziriro Yokudzika Mitemo

Kunzwisisa maitiro akanaka anokosha, asi zvinhu zvacho kazhinji kazhinji zvinoshatisa.

Kufamba Mugungwa uye Kuvharwa

Apo mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika anenge akakamukana zvikuru, muitiro wemitemo unogona kumisa.Mabhiri anofarikanya tsigiro yavose yakafara angasatongowana vhoti nemhaka yokusabvumirana kwechisarudzo, zvirongwa zvechimurenga (zvakadai sechinoumba mwana muDare reU.S.), kana kuti kusada kubvumirana. Griplock inokangaidza, asi rutiviwo rwetsika yakarongedzerwa kuita chinjo namaune panzvimbo pokukurumidza.

Kutamba uye Fariro Chaidzo

Mapoka echiwaro chezvimbadzo akarongeka anopedza mabhiriyoni emadhora gore rimwe nerimwe achiedza kupesvedzera mutemo. Nepo kukumbira kuri chimiro chakadzivirirwa chokukumbira hurumende, kunogona kuparira kusadzikama kwesimba apo fariro dzakasanosanodzorwa dzinodzora kurukurirano. Vagari vanonzwisisa simba iri vanoshongedzerwa zviri nani kudzosa kupfurikidza nokuronga masangano anobva muuswa makuru anomirira fariro yavose.

Kuoma Kunzwisisa Nemigumisiro Isingakarirwi

Mitemo mirefu, unyanzvi, uye yakabatana. Chinjo duku murumwe murairo inogona kuva nemiuyo yakakomba mumimwe mitemo mizhinji. Ichi chikonzero chimwe nei muitiro wemitemo uchingwarira kwazvo uye uchidzorwa mumativi akawanda. Kunorevawo kuti zvikwereti zvakasanofungwa zvinogona kuparira miuyo yakaipa isingakarirwi. Kuhwirudzurwa kwakakwana nebudiso revoruzhinji idziviriro dzinokosha.

mhedziso

Muitiro wokuita nokuchinja mitemo nguva dzose hauna kukurumidza kana kuti kujeka, asi wakazaruka kuna avo vanotora nguva kuunzwisisa. Kupfurikidza nokudzidza nhano dzegweta ’ rwendo, nzira dzokuronga nadzo mirau iripo, uye nzira zhinji dzokuita nadzo vagari vemo, unozvishongedzera umene kuva mutori wehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kana ukanyora tsamba, unopupurira pakunzwa, kuronga vavakidzani vako, kana kuti kungovhotawo, chiito chimwe nechimwe chinosimbisa gadziriro inotsamira pakuziva nokuvimbisa vagari vemo. Mutemo hausi chinhu chiri kure chinofungwa ne̬it chirongwa chipenyu chaunogona kubetsera.