Table of Contents

Gavhuna vanobatira savakuru vakuru vehurumende dzavo dzakatsaukana, vanoshandisa chiremera chinokosha pamusoro pezvirongwa zvehurumende, kufambira mberi kwemiitiro, uye kutarisirwa kwenjodzi. MuUnited States, gavhuna anobatira somukuru mukuru mukuru namukuru mukuru wehurumende muimwe neimwe yeruwa rwamakumi mashanu uye mundima shanu dzinogarwa zechigarire, ichishanda somutungamiriri wehurumende uye mukuru wehurumende. Kunzwisisa kuti zvisarudzo zvinoita sei zvisarudzo zvinogovera nzwisiso inokosha mumabasa akaoma ehurumende uye zvinhu zvinotapura miraudzo inotapura mamiriyoni eAmerica.

Basa Revatongi Vehurumende

Gavhuna ndivo vane mutoro wokushandisa mitemo yenyika uye kutarisira kushanda kwebazi guru rehurumende. Iri basa rinokosha rinobatanidza mabasa akawanda anosvika kure kupfuura kungosaina mutemo. Gavhuna vanova mutauriri wehurumende yose nebato ravo rezvematongerwe enyika, vanogamuchira kupomerwa kana kuti kurumbidzwa kwokuita zvisarudzo munguva dzenjodzi, kutarisira kuitwa kwemitemo yavose, uye kubatsira mutemo wevafudzi kuburikidza nokuita mitemo.

Ukuru hwesimba regubernonator hunosiyana zvikuru munyika nehurumende. Zvinhu zvomunhu oga zvakadai semucheto wekukunda uye kumira mumifungo yevoruzhinji nhau, nepo masimba esangano akadai sokudzorwa kwemari, chiremera chokugadza, uye masimba anoiswa panzvimbo nomutemo. Iyi mhatsa inoreva kuti mamwe magavhuna ane chiremera chikuru zvikuru kupfuura mamwe, zvichitsamira pabumbiro remitemo rehurumende yavo negadziriro yemitemo.

Masimba Ane Simba Nechiremera

Gavhuna anotungamirira bazi rehurumende munyika imwe neimwe kana kuti ndima uye, zvichitsamira paudzori hwomunhu oga, angava noudzori hwakati pamusoro pokuronga mari yehurumende, simba rokugadza vakuru vakuru vazhinji (kubatanidza vatongi vazhinji), uye basa guru mumutemo. Iri chiremera chikuru chinoumba hwaro hwemaitirwe anoita uye kuita zvisarudzo navatongi.

Gavhuna vazhinjisa vane chiremera chikuru kuvakuru vakuru kuti vashande munzvimbo dzebazu rehurumende,(8) vazhinji vavo vachabatanidzwa mudare raGavhuna, rinozivikanwa se "cabinet". Uku kugadza kunotambudza kumano agavhuna okuita chiono chavo nepurogiramu dzemitemo, sezvo mitezo yedare navakuru vemasangano vanoita mabasa ehurumende zuva nezuva kusvikira kuzuva.

Kusarudza KwaGavhuna

Gavhuna havaiti zvisarudzo vari voga. Basa ravo rokusarudza rinobatanidza kuungana kwamashoko akawanda, kubvunza, kuongorora, uye kuongorora zvakanaka. Izvi zvinotibatsira kuti zvisarudzo zvinyatsonyatsozivikanwa uye zvisarudze migumisiro yakasiyana - siyana.

Kuunganidza Mashoko Nemaitiro Okunyengedza

Mukuru webasa ravashandi kuva nechokwadi chokuti gavhuna agamuchire mashoko, kunzvera, uye mirangariro iri madikanwa kuita chisarudzo. Iri basa rakakomba rinosimbisa ukoshi hwokuva negadziriro dzakasimba munzvimbo kuti aunganidze mashoko nokubatanidza kubva kumanyuko akawanda.

Vanenge vatongi vose vakasarudza mukuru mukuru wavashandi kuti abatire somumwe wavatungamiriri vavo vakuru uye, munyika dzakawanda, kutarisira hofisi yagavhuna yose, nepo vamwe vashandi vakuru muhofisi yagavhuna sezvingabvira vangabatanidza mutungamiriri wemiitiro nemutungamiriri wekurukurirano kana kuti munyori anodhinda. Chirongwa ichi chinovimbisa kuti vatongi vane unyanzvi chaihwo hwemitemo nemabasa ehurumende akasiyana - siyana.

Hofisi yagavhuna inowanzova nenzvimbo huru dzakawanda dzinotsigira kuita zvisarudzo:

  • [[FT:0] Nhevedzo yeSTAF:[[FT:1] Kutarisira mabasa ose ehofisi uye inobatira somutungamiriri mukuru wehofisi
  • Mutungamiriri weProtholity: Anoona kukura kwomuitiro uye anochengeta batano namasangano ehurumende
  • Mutungamiriri wemari: Kuhwirudzura mari kukumbiro ndokudzibatanidza kuva zvikarakadzo zvemari zvokushandisa zvavakuru
  • Mutungamiriri weRegional: anobatanidza zvirongwa zvemitemo zvegavhuna nemibato inopesvedzera
  • [ Zano reSangano: Rinopa zano rapamutemo pamusoro pezviito zvevakuru vakuru uye mutemo
  • [[[FMT:0] Mutungamiriri weMapinduriro: Anodzora ukama hwekutumirana mashoko kwavose nezvinobudisa nhau

Kubvunzurudzwa Kwekabhineti Nokuongorora

Vakuru vakuru ava vanopiwa simba rokugadza vamwe vanhu kuti vave neruzivo rwebasa ravo, kubva padzidzo uye kutarisira utano kusvika pakutakura uye kuchengetedza mhoteredzo.

Magavhuna akawanda anotanga gadziriro muhofisi yagavhuna kuti atarisire muitiro nebatano namasangano ebazu makuru ehurumende, achizova akasiana kugadza yamuro munharaunda dzeitiro hanya hurusa kuna gavhuna kana kuti uko kusina bazu kana kuti masangano ane mutoro wakananga kuna gavhuna. Ichi chivako chinovimbisa kuti gavhuna achengete batano dzakasimba namasangano anoshandisa mitemo yehurumende.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvinokurudzira Zvisarudzo Zvokufambisa Zvinhu

Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvakawanda muzvinhu zvematongerwe enyika, zvepamutemo, zvemagariro, uye zvinobatsira, mumwe nomumwe achiita basa rinokosha pakuumba chisarudzo chokupedzisira.

Mafungiro Evanhu Nezvinodiwa Nevamwe

Murangariro wavose unomirira chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvikurusa mukuita chisarudzo. Gavhuna vakuru vakasarudzwa vanofanira kuramba vachigamuchira vagari vemo vavanoshumira. Kuchinja chiverengero chavagari vemo uye kuchinja murangariro wavanhu kunoda kuchinjika nemhindumupindu mutsika, nokuchengeta kudikanwa kwokuda kugamuchira itiro hanya dzevarwi, uko kunogona kuchinja zvikuru nemhaka yechinjo dzenzanga kana kuti dzemari.

Gavhuna vanogamuchira zvinopinzwa kubva kuvanhu kupfurikidza nemikoto yakasiana----------------------------------------------------------------apostar vanogamuchira muratimende unobva kuvanhu kupfurikidza nemikoto mizhinji. Kufamba kunogayo yekurukurirano kunobetsera magavhuna kuyera mirangariro yavanhu uye kunzwisisa zvinhu zvinokosha.

Zvinodikanwa Zvepamutemo Nebumbiro Remitemo

Chisarudzo chiri chose chokutonga chinofanira kushanda mukati megadziriro yomutemo wehurumende nemubatanidzwa. Mabumbiro emitemo ehurumende anorondedzera ukuru hwechiremera chehurumende, nepo mirau inogovera nhungamiro yakananga pamusoro pokuti chiremera ichocho chinogona kushandiswa sei. Mitemo yesangano inoita inoitwa nevanopa mitemo yehurumende, namasangano ehurumende, kana kuti mapuranga anowanzoraidzwa kuronga mitemo nemiraudzo yokushandisa mitemo iyoyo, nepo mudzimwe nyika dzakawanda, mahofisi aGavhuna akagadza mibato yokutsinhiranisa nokutarisira iyi mitemo kuti ive nechokwadi chokuti mitemo inogamuchirwa namasangano ehurumende uye masangano anoratidzira zvinokosha zvaGavhuna.

Kuongorora izvi kunobatsira kudzivirira matambudziko evakuru vakuru uye kuvimbisa kuti zvisarudzo zvinogona kukunda kuongororwa kwedare.

Kushandisa Mari Nemashandiro Anoita Mari

Zvomene dzemari dzinosunda zvikuru kuita chisarudzo. Gavhuna vanogona kutarisana neganhuriro nemhaka yemamiriro emari munyika yavo uye vangafanira kuita zvisarudzo zvisingafarirwi izvo zvinonetesa tsigiro yavo pakati pavavhoti. Kusafanana nehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, hurumende zhinjisa dzinofanira kudzikamisa mari yavo, kureva vatongi havagoni kungova nendyiko yokutsigira nhano itsva.

Mutungamiriri wemari anotungamirira boka rinoongorora zvikumbiro zvemari zvinoitwa nemasangano ehurumende imwe neimwe yoruwa uye anoabatanidza kuva chikarakadzo chemari yokushandisa hurumende yose nokuda kwetendero yagavhuna nokugadzwa nedare remitemo. Izvi zvinoda kuti magavhuna aite zvisarudzo zvakaoma pamusoro pokugovera mafashoni, kazhinji kazhinji achitangira mamwe mapurogiramu achideredza kutsigira mari nokuda kwevamwe.

Kurangarira Zvezvamatongerwe Enyika Neboka Zvinosimba

Zvinhu zvematongerwe enyika zvisingadzivisiki zvinopesvedzera kuita chisarudzo. Chibvumirano chehurumende chingabatanidza mitezo mizhinji isingagoverani nebato ragavhuna, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti kushanda pamwe chete kuve kwakaoma zvikuru uye kutungamirira kubatira pamwe shoma mukati mechirongwa chemitemo. Iyi zvokwadi yezvamatongerwe enyika inoda kuti vatongi vasarangarire kuti zvisarudzo zvavo zvichagamuchirwa sei navaiti vemitemo vane tsigiro yazvo kuti vafambisire mberi zvinangwa zvavo.

Chirongwa chemiganhu yezvamatongerwe enyika, zvikurukuru munyika dzine hurumende yakakamukana, chinogona kudzivisa kushanda kwemitemo, kudzongonyedza kupfuudzwa kwemiitiro mikuru, nokudikanwa kwokudzora dzvinyiriro dzinopesana ndokubvumiranisa zvigadzikiso kuva zvinotanga mugadziriro dzemitemo dzinofambira mberi. Magavhuna anobudirira anofanira kuva vatauriri vane unyanzvi vanogona kuvaka mibatanidzwa ndokuwana mativi akaenzana mumitsetse yebato.

Zano Renyanzvi Nokunzvera Unyanzvi

Kudzora kwazvino uno kunoda zivo chaiyo munzvimbo dzakawanda dzemiitiro. Gavhuna vanotsamira zvikuru pavazivi kuti vagovere nzvero dzounyanzvi uye rumbidzo panhau dzakaoma kuvambira pautano hwehurumende kusvikira kubudiriro yepfuma. Idzi nyanzvi dzinobetsera magavhuna kunzwisisa miuyo inobvira yemiitiro yakasiana - siana ndokuziva mitoo inobudirira zvikurusa yokuwana miuyo inoshuviwa.

Mukati menjodzi, zano renyanzvi rinotova rakakomba zvikuru. Mukuru wavashandi ane basa rakarongwa mugadziriro yehofisi yagavhuna nokuda kwemigariro inokurumidzira, iyo inobatanidza kutanga miitiro yoga yoga yokutarisira njodzi, kubatanidza boka ramahoc kuti vataure zvakananga nezvechinhu chipi nechipi chainyanyoda kuitika, uye kugovera kuoneka kwagavhuna munjodzi. Iyi nzira yakarongeka inovimbisa kuti magavhuna asvike kuunyanzvi hwakarurama panguva yakafanira.

Gadziriro Yokuita Zvisarudzo Yapamutemo

Chiremera chikuru chagavhuna chinoita chisarudzo chine chokuita negadziriro yomutemo. Vatongi vanoita basa rinokosha mukuumba mutemo, kubva pakuisa mitemo mitsva kugona kusarudza kana kuisa kusaina kana kuti mari inopfuudzwa nedare remitemo.

Kugadza Mutambo Wetsika

Sezvo purezidhendi achipa State of the Union hurukuro kamwe chete pagore, magavhuna anopa Hurumende yeHurumende hurukuro yegore negore pamberi pedare rehurumende, umo anokurukura kubudirira kwezvemari nezvematongerwe enyika, anodudza mashoko anotsigira zvavanoita, uye anoongorora zvinhu zvikuru zvine chokuita nemitemo yavo, achizivisa kunhengo dzehurumende kuti zvinhu zvinokosha ndezvipi zviri pandandanda yagavhuna.

Iyi hurukuro yegore negore inoshanda senguva inokosha yokuita chisarudzo umo vatongi vanofanira kuisa pakutanga pakati pevavariro dzemiitiro inokwikwidza uye kujekesa chiono chakajeka chegore riri kuuya. Zvinhu zvokutanga zvakarongwa muhurukuro iyi zvinotungamirira basa ravashandi vagavhuna uye chiratidzo kuvanoronga mitemo zvingangova zviri kutsigirwa nevakuru vakuru.

Kushanda neDare Romutemo

Vachirangarira kuti magavhuna anoda batira pamwe yavaiti vemitemo vehurumende kuti zvikwereti zvavo zvipiwe ndokudzorwa nomuitiro wokuita mutemo, vanoita kuti ukama hwakanaka navaiti vemitemo huve chinhu chokutanga, icho chinogona kubatanidza kubetsera vagadziri vemitemo kukurukura itiro hanya dzavane chokuita nadzo, kukoka vaiti vemitemo kuzvinoitika zvenzanga nezvokudya, uye kuronga misangano yevhiki nevhiki navatungamiriri vemitemo nezvigaro zvematare kuti vakurukure muitiro.

Basa romutungamiriri wewirirano rinobatanidza kutungamirira kutangwa kwezvirongwa zvemitemo zvagavhuna, kuronga mibato yokupesvedzera yehurumende, uye kukurukura nhau dzakawanda nedare remitemo, kubatanidza zvikarakadzo zvemitemo zvebazu zvinotungamirira uye kutsigira gadziriro yemitemo yagavhuna. Uku kubatana kunovimbisa kuti zvinhu zvinokosha zvagavhuna zviwane ngwariro yakafanira mumuitiro wemitemo.

Chisarudzo Chevhato

Mumwe wevatongi vemasimba emitemo vane chinokosha zvikurusa mano okupa mutemo. Mudzimwe nyika, gavhuna anogona kuisa mutemo kana wangopfuura bedzi, kunyange zvazvo ikoku kusingawanzoitiki(in California), inenge 7 muzana bedzi yemari inopinzwa. Chisarudzo chokupa mari mumutemo chinoda kusanorangarirwa kwezvisakiso zvakawanda, kubatanidza miuyo yemiitiro, miuyo yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kuita kwapachena.

Mune dzimwe nyika, gavhuna ane simba rezvinhu zvinotemwa mutsetse, iro riri mano okubvisa zvimwe zvinhu zvakati kubva mubhajeti yehurumende inokarakadzwa. Iri simba rinopa magavhuna kuchinjika kwakawedzera mugadziriro yetsika yokuumba bhajeti, richivabvumira kutendera bhajeti zhinjisa apo vanoramba gadziriro chaidzo dzavanowana kuva dzinonetsa.

Mutungamiriri wemitemo ane mutoro wokupa zano gavhuna nemitezo yehurumende pamusoro pezvikarakadzo zvehurumende zvinobvira kumirairo yehurumende nemirairo, kazhinji kazhinji achiva nebasa rakasimba mukurayira gavhuna pamusoro pokusaina kana kuti kuva nemitemo. Iri basa rokupa ngwariro rinobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvisarudzo zvakasanoumbwa uye zvinorongwa zvakanaka.

Mirayiro Yavatungamiriri Nezvisarudzo Zvehurumende

Maturusi aya anoita kuti magavhuna akurumidze kuita zvinhu kupfuura zvinobvumirwa nemitemo, kunyange zvazvo achine mitemo inorambidza kutonga uye mitemo.

Apo Gavhuna Vanoshandisa Nhevedzo Yakananga

Magavhuna anoshandisa masangano anotungamirira nokuda kwezvinangwa zvakasiyana - siyana, kusanganisira kunyandura kana kuti kuita zvinhu zvinoda kugadziriswa panguva yenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, mamiriro okunze, njodzi dzemagetsi, njodzi dzoutano hwevanhu, zviitiko zvinokonzerwa nevakawanda, uye mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kutarisirwa nokukurumidza; kugadzira matare anobatsira, kuronga, kudzidza, kana kuti kuongorora; kuumba kana kurongazve masangano ehurumende, madare, uye mahofisi; uye kutaura nevakuru vakuru vakuru vemapazu uye nhau dzokutarisira zvinhu zvakadai sokuchinja zvinhu, kukanganisa mhoteredzo, kuchengetedza, kuchengetedza, kuoma kwemabhangi, uye kuronga.

Chisarudzo chokupa mirau yavakuru vakuru chinobatanidza kuyera mamiriro ezvinhu okukurumidzira mukurwisana nebviro yedenho dzemitemo kana kuti dare. Mukati medenda reCOVID-19, vatongi veAmerica vakabudisa miraidzo inodokusvika 2 000 yavakuru vakuru mumavhiki 10 chete. Uku kuwedzera kunoshamisa muchiito chavakuru vakuru kunoratidzira kuti magavhuna anoshandisa sei ichi chishandiso mukati menjodzi apo kuita chisarudzo nokukurumidza kunokosha.

Zvisarudzo Zvemari

Zvisarudzo zvebhangi zvinomirira zvimwe zvezvisarudzo zvemiuyo zvikurusa zvinoita. Chikarakadzo chemari yokushandisa chavakuru vakuru chinoratidzira zvinoiswa pakutanga zvagavhuna uye chinosarudza kuti pfuma yehurumende ichagoverwa sei mugadziriro dzakasiana- siyana namabasa. Izvi zvisarudzo zvinoda kudzikamisa zvinodikanwa zvemakwikwi akasiana - siana apo zvinochengeta mutoro wemari.

Kugadzirwa kwemari kunosanganisira kukurukurirana kukuru nevakuru vemasangano, vatungamiriri vemitemo, uye vamwe vamiririri vezvokutengeserana. Vatongi vanofanira kubvisa zvinhu zvakaoma, kazhinji vachisarudza kuisa zvinhu zvinokosha panzvimbo yokutanga asi vachideredza kana kuti vachibvisa mari. Zvisarudzo izvi zvine migumisiro chaiyo yepasi nokuda kwevagari vehurumende, zvichitapura chinhu chiri chose kubva padzidzo kusvika pakugadziridzwa kwemasangano enzanga.

Zvisarudzo Zvokusarudza

Kugadza kuranga kunobatsira zvikuru zvirongwa zvehurumende uye zvirongwa. Rimwe remasimba makuru makuru anotungamirira egavhuna weTexas kugadza simba, nokugadza Gavhuna achibvumira Gavhuna kuisa vakabatana munzvimbo dzinoshandiswa muhurumende yehurumende, izvo zvinobatsira zvikuru mukuedza kutanga uye kuita mitemo. Kunyange zvazvo muenzaniso uyu uchinongedzera kuTexas, nheyo yacho inoshanda munyika dzakawanda.

Pakuita zvisarudzo zvokurangana, magavhuna anorangarira zvinhu zvakawanda kubatanidza zvikwaniriso zvenyanzvi, kuvimbika mune zvematongerwe enyika, kumira kwevagari vemo, uye kurongeka kwemitemo. Kazhinji kazhinji, kugadza uku kunofanira kusimbiswa neimba imwe kana kuti dzose dziri mbiri dzedare rehurumende. Uku kusimbisa kunowedzera chimwe chinodikanwa kurangarirwa kwechisarudzo chechisarudzo, sezvo vatongi vanofanira kusarudza vaminene vanogona kuwana tendero yemitemo.

Kusarudza Kusina Kutsarukana

Gavhuna vanotarisana nezvisarudzo zvavo zvakaoma zvikurusa mukati menjodzi, apo vanofanira kuita chiito nokukurumidza nemashoko asina kukwana nepo njodzi dzacho dzakakwirira zvikuru.

Kutarisira Kwekurumidziro Nokupindura

Savakuru vakuru, Gavhuna vane mutoro wokuita kuti mamiriro avo ezvinhu ave akagadzirira zvakakwana nokuda kwenjodzi dzinoitika nokukurumidza nenjodzi dzemarudzi ose noukuru.

Kana mugariro wokunze wechando wakakomba uchideya kutaurwa kana kuti muchinoitika chenyongano yavagari vemo, magavhuna ane simba rokudana paNational Guard kuti abetsere vagari vemo navagamuchiri vokutanga kana kuti yamuro mukunaya kukuru, mauto eNational Guard achikwanisa kunyandurwa kupinda munharaunda dzomunzvimbomo ndokubetsera nenhamburiko dzekurumidziro munzvimbo ipi neipi yaanodikanwa apo vatongi vanozivisa mugariro wekurumidziro.

Gavhuna vanonzwa kurema kwezvisarudzo zvavo sezvavanoedza kudzikamisa ngozi dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzokunyanyisa uye ndyiko dzavanhu dzokurega hurumende ichibatwa isina kugadzirira nokuda kwengwavaira huru dzomusikirwo. Uku kunyanduka pakati pengwariro nechiito kunomirira rutivi rwakaoma zvikurusa rwokuita chisarudzo chenjodzi.

Kudavidza Kwakawanda Kwakawanda

Dambudziko rinowanzoda kushandira pamwe mumasangano akawanda ehurumende uye mwero yehurumende. Kutarisirwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu ekurumidziro nechengeteko yenyika yokumusha zvinowanzogoverwa vashandi vehofisi dzamagavhuna nemhaka yeidi rokuti mutoro wagavhuna kuita ziviso yapamutemo yekurumidziro, nokutarisirwa kwezuva nezuva kwegadziriro yekurumidziro nemabasa okuchengeteka okumusha zvakagoverwa nyanzvi yevashandi, kunyange zvazvo mukuru mukuru wevashandi, zano repamutemo nemimwe mitezo yavakuru vakuru zvichibvira kuumba boka ravashandi pamwe chete mukati memamiriro ezvinhu enjodzi.

Iyi nzira inotsinhiraniswa inovimbisa kuti gavhuna anogona kuwana unyanzvi hunobva kuhurumende yenyika yose achichengeta mitsetse yakajeka yechiremera nokuita zvisarudzo. Mukati menjodzi huru, magavhuna anofanira kuita zvisarudzo zvokukurumidza pamusoro pokushandiswa kwemanyuko, kurukurirano yavose, uye mhinduro dzemiitiro, kazhinji kazhinji nokusava nechokwadi kukuru pamusoro pemhindumupindu yemamiriro ezvinhu.

Kupindirana Kweukama Hwehurumende Nokubatana Kwehurumende

Vatongi havashandi vari voga kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehurumende. Zvisarudzo zvavo zvinofanira kuzvidavirira nokuda kwemiitiro yomubatanidzwa, zvinodikanwa, uye kutsigira mari mikana, pamwe chete noukama nehurumende dzomunharaunda mukati menyika dzavo.

Federal State Relations

Sezvo United States ine gadziriro yehurumende, zvisarudzo zvinoitwa muWashington, D.C., kazhinji kazhinji zvichava netapuro inokosha pahurumende yehurumende, nezvisarudzo zvehurumende yorudzi zvinotapura kusvika kwehurumende kuzviwanikwa, nepo mapurogiramu anotangwa nehurumende yenyika kazhinji kazhinji anofanira kupiwa pamwero wenyika, iyo ingaparira mitoro mitsva pahurumende yehurumende kuti igogona kana kuti ingasarangarira sechinjo dzinogamuchirika.

Gavhuna anoita basa rinokosha muukama nehurumende yehurumende uye angasarudza vashandi kuti vaite basa iri. Basa iri rokubatana kwehurumende rinobatsira magavhuna kuramba achiziviswa nezvezviitiko zvehurumende uye mutsigiri wefariro dzavo dzehurumende muWashington.

Hurumende yehurumende inogona kurayira kuti nyika dziite basa risina kuvapa mari ipi neipi yokuita kudaro. Iyi mirairo isina kuziviswa inoita migariro yakaoma yokuita zvisarudzo nokuda kwavatongi, avo vanofanira kusarudza nzira yokuwirirana nayo nezvinodikanwa zvomubatanidzwa apo vachiva vanotarisira pfuma yehurumende yakaganhurirwa.

Kubatana kweHurumende Yomunzvimbomo

Ukama uhwu hunokosha kuti pave nokudzora kunobudirira, sezvo mitemo yenyika yakawanda inoshandiswa munzvimbo yacho kupfurikidza nenzvimbo, maguta, uye maruwa chaiwo.

Gavhuna vanofanira kudzikamisa nzvimbo dzenzvimbo nezvinonyanya kudiwa nenzvimbo. Izvi zvinoda kuti varambe vachikurukurirana nemeya, vakuru vakuru veruwa, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo kuti vanzwisise kuti zvisarudzo zvehurumende zvichatapura sei nzanga munyika yose. Magavhuna anobudirira anovaka ukama hwakasimba nevatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo, achiumba ukama hunoita kuti muitiro ushande.

Zvinetso Nezvipingamupinyi Mukuita Chisarudzo Chomutongo

Nepo magavhuna anoshandisa simba rakati, anotarisanawo neganhuriro dzinokosha dzinoganhurira chiremera chavo chokuita zvisarudzo uye dzinoomesa mano avo okushandisa miitiro yavo yaanoda.

Chinetso Chevatungamiriri Vezvokupurisa

Imwe denho nokuda kwamagavhuna imonipa mukuru mukuru wehurumende, iyo inonongedzera kuidi rokuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vazhinji, vakadai sagavhuna mukuru mukuru, gweta guru, uye munyori wehurumende vanosarudzwa vachizvimirira kuna gavhuna; nokudaro, gavhuna haana udzori hwakananga pavari nzira iyo purezidhendi angave akadzora nayo vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende yeUnited States. Uku kuumbwa kwehurumende kunoreva kuti vatongi vanofanira kushanda navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vazvimiriri avo vangava nenzvimbo dzakasiana kana kuti nzanga dzezvamatongerwe enyika.

Hurusarudzo inoganhurira mano agavhuna okudzora bazu guru uye inoda kukurukuriranazve nokushandira pamwe kuti vasvike nharidzano dzemitemo. Gavhuna vanofanira kuvaka ukama naava vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vakazvimirira ndokuwana nzira dzokuwiriranisa nadzo nhamburiko dzavo kunyange apo vangasabvumirana panhau dzakati.

Mitemo Yakarovedzwa

Gavhuna havagoni kuita pasina donzo munharaunda zhinjisa dzemiitiro. Vanoda batira pamwe yemitemo kuti vape mitemo mitsva, kubvumira bhajeti, uye kusimbisa kugadza. Gavhuna vanofanira kudzidza kushanda zvakanaka navamwe vagadziri vemitemo, vakuru vakuru vehurumende, uye navagari vemo vakavasarudza kuva vakuru vakuru munzvimbo yokutanga. Ichi chinodikanwa chokubatira pamwe chinoreva kuti kunyange magavhuna ane simba zvikurusa anofanira kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira uye kutaurirana kuti aite nharidzano dzavo.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, magavhuna anofanira kuva nounyanzvi zvikuru pakuvaka mibatanidzwa yemabhiparitari uye kuwana zvikonzero zvinopindirana panyaya dzinonetsa.

Kuhwirudzura Kutonga

Zviito zvose zvokutonga zvinodzorwa nehwirudzuro. Matare anogona kuputsa zvirango zvevakuru vakuru, kuputsa mitemo yehurumende, uye kuputsa zvimwe zvisarudzo zvehurumende kana zvikaputsa mutemo wehurumende kana kuti wehurumende. Uku kutungamirira kwedare kunobatira secherekedzo inokosha pasimba rehurumende asi kunomanikidzawo vatongi kuita chisarudzo.

Gavhuna anofanira kunyatsoongorora kuti nei zvavanenge vaita zviri pamutemo uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvisarudzo zvavo zvinogona kumira panenge pachiongororwa matare.

Mafungiro Oruzhinji Nokuongorora Zvinobudiswa Nenhau

Gavhuna vanoshanda muhove dzinonzi bowl, nezvisarudzo zvavo zvinodzorwa nenzvero yezvinobudisa nhau. Gavhuna vane simba guru pabazu remitemo nemhaka yokuti vanobatira gore rose ndokuva nehofisi yoga, uye vanorairawo kufukidzwa kwamashoko kukuru nemhaka yokuva vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa munyika yavo. Uku kuoneka kunoreva kuti zvisarudzo zvedare zvinodzorwa nokukurumidza nekurukurirano yavose.

Kudikanwa kwokuchengeta tsigiro yavose inosunda kuita zvisarudzo zvedare, sezvo vatongi vanofanira kurangarira kuti zvisarudzo zvavo zvichanzwisiswa sei navavhoti. Zvisarudzo zvisati zvichizivikanwa zvinogona kuparadza dzimbahwe rezvamatongerwe enyika ragavhuna ndokukuita kuti kuve kwakaoma zvikuru kufambisira mberi nhano dzenguva yemberi.

Chisarudzo uye Tevera

Kusarudza chinhu inhano yokutanga, uye Gavhuna anofanirawo kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvisarudzo zvavo zvinonyatsoitwa uye kuti zvinoda kutarisirwa.

Kushanda Negadziriro Dzehurumende

Vatongi vanoshanda nevanogadza mitemo kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti zvavanoisa pakutanga, zvinangwa zvavo, uye zvavanoita zvinoratidzwa zvakarurama uye zvinogamuchirwa zvakanaka munguva yokutongwa kwedare uye mimwe mibato yehurumende inoita hurukuro uye inoyera kuitwa kwemahofisi ebazi anenge arayirwa nemitemo. Kushanda pamwe chete uku kunoramba kuchibatsira magavhuna kutarisira kuti zvinhu zviitwe uye kuti agadzirise matambudziko paanenge achimuka.

Kuitwa kunobudirira kunoda kurukurirano yakajeka yekariro kuvakuru vemasangano navashandi, zvishandiso zvakakwana kuita chisarudzo, uye gadziriro dzokuongorora fambiro mberi nemiuyo. Gavhuna vanobudirira pakushandisa vanotanga zvivako zvinozvidavirira zvakajeka uye hwirudzuro yenguva dzose kushanda kwesangano.

Kuongorora uye Kugadzirisa

Kuita chisarudzo chakanaka hakugumi apo muitiro unoziviswa kana kuti mutemo unosainwa. Vatongi vanofanira kunzvera kushanda ndokudisa kugadziridza mutoo wavo wakavakirwa pamiuyo. Ikoku kunoda kutanga miitiro inogovera mashoko akakodzera nguva pamusoro pokuti mitemo iri kushanda sei.

Apo mitemo inenge isiri kuita miuyo inoshuviwa, vatongi vanofanira kuva vanodisa kuita ruramiso pakati pekomuniyo. Ikoku kungabatanidza kupa nhungamiro itsva kumasangano, kuronga kugadziridzwa kwomutemo, kana kuti pfuma chaiyo yokupedza zvinetso.

Zvisarudzo Zvokukurukurirana Kuvanhu

Kurukurirano yavose inomirira rutivi runokosha rwokuitwa kwechisarudzo. Gavhuna vanofanira kutsanangura zvisarudzo zvavo kuvanhu, kuvaka tsigiro yemiitiro yavo nokubetsera vagari vemo kunzwisisa kuti zvisarudzo zvichavatapura sei. Gavhuna ndiye mukuru mukuru wetsika dzehurumende uye kazhinji kazhinji anogamuchira vakuru vakuru vanobva kune dzimwe nyika kana kuti nyika, achishandisa nzvimbo yavo kusimbisa chimiro chehurumende munyika, kukwezva mabhizimisi matsva namaindasitiri uye kuumba wirirano nedzimwe hurumende, nepo achipindawo zvinoitika zvavose nemiitiro neshanyo neshanyo nehurumende muruwa.

Kukurukurirana kunobatsira kuti vanhu vanzwisise uye vatsigire zvisarudzo zvehurumende, uyewo kunobatsira magavhuna kuti agamuchire mhinduro inobva kuvagari vemo uye kuti achinje maitiro awo anobva pane zvinotaurwa nevanhu.

Kutanga Kwesimba Rokugadzira Zvinhu

Basa revatongi rakachinja zvikuru munhau yose yeAmerica. Gavhuna vakachinja kubva pakunyanyokwidziridza vamiririri vehurumende yeBritain kusvika kuvanhu vane simba rokusaita zvakanaka kana kuti zvakaipa nokuda kwenyika uye ipapo kuvatungamiriri vemitemo inokosha vose vari muhurumende uye munyika yose. Iyi mhindumupindu inoratidza mirangariro inochinja pamusoro pesimba rechiremera uye kuoma kukura kwehurumende.

Gavhuna muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri nerekutanga anokosha zvikuru nokuti nyika dzavo dzinokosha. Sezvo nyika dzakaita mitoro mikuru zvikuru uye mari yadzo yawanda, magavhuna ava vanhu vanopesvedzera zvikuru mune zvematongerwe enyika zveAmerica. Magavhuna akawanda anoshandisa nzvimbo yawo sedanho rokuenda kunzvimbo yepamusoro, kusanganisira purezidhendi.

Miitiro Yakanakisisa Mukuitwa Kwechisarudzo Chokugovesa

Nepo gavhuna ari wose achivandudza mutoo wake amene wokuita chisarudzo, miitiro yakati yakanakisisa yakabuda muzvinoitika zvavatongi vanobudirira munyika yose.

Kuvaka Mapoka Akasimba Anonyandura

Magavhuna anobudirira anozvikomberedza amene navazivi vane unyanzvi avo vanounza mirangariro neunyanzvi zvakasiyana - siyana.

Magavhuna akanakisisa anochengetawo mikana yakasununguka yekurukurirano navashandi vavo, achikurudzira kupindura kwokutendeseka uye mifungo inopesana. Ikoku kunoparira mhoteredzo umo zvinetso zvinogona kukurumidza kuzivikanwa uye dzimwe mitoo inogona kuongororwa.

Kuramba Uchichinjika

Nepo vatongi vachida nheyo dzakajeka nezvinotanga, vanofanirawo kuramba vachichinjika zvakakwana kuchinjira kumigariro inochinja.

Vatongi vanoomerera pakuwana zvose zvavanoda kazhinji havagumi nechinhu, nepo vaya vanogona kukurukurirana uye kuwana zvinhu zviri pakati nepakati vangangofambira mberi pane zvavanoisa pakutanga.

Kuisa Pfungwa Pabasa

Magavhuna akanakisisa anoziva kuti kuzivisa chisarudzo kunongova mavambo chete, anowana nguva nesimba kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti zvisarudzo zvavo zviri kuitwa, zviri kufambira mberi, uye kuti zvinogadziridzwa sezvinodiwa.

Kuvaka Mari

Vanonzwisisa kuti kuchinja kusingaperi kunoda kutsigirwa nevanhu vakawanda uye kuti pave nebvumirano yemapati, mapoka evanofarira vanhu, uye nzvimbo dzinodiwa vanhu.

Kukurukurirana Zvinobudirira

Magavhuna anobudirira zvikurusa ndevanhu vane unyanzvi hwokukurukura avo vanogona kutsanangura nhau dzakaoma uye kubatanidza zvisarudzo zvavo nezvinodiwa nevagariwo zvavo.

Kutapura Kwezvisarudzo Zvokugadzira Zvinhu

Zvisarudzo zvinoita vatongi zvine miuyo iri kure yokusvika nokuda kwehurumende dzavo uye, muzvimwe zviitiko, nokuda kworudzi rwacho rwose. Gavhuna vanopfuura vanhu vane mifananidzo; ivo ndivo vatambi vakuru munhandare dzezvamatongerwe enyika, umo vanoshandisa pesvedzero yakati pazvisarudzo zvemari, kuumbwa kwemiitiro yedzidzo, yezvoutano, yezvokufambisa, uye pamusoro penzira dzemhoteredzo, uye kunyange pamusoro penzira iyo hurumende dzinoita nayo nehurumende yehurumende.

Samarabhoritari ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, mashoko ehurumende muutungamiriri hwamagavhuna avo anopfuurira kuedza nokuvandudza, kugadzira miitiro inoratidzira mipimo yomunzvimbomo nezvinokosha nenzvimbo yokutanga nepo ichipa mupiro kuruzivo rwokuzviwanira rweboka rokutonga. Uku kuedza kunobvumira nyika kuedza kusvika kwomuitiro wakasiana, nezvinochinja zvinobudirira zvinopararira kudzimwe nyika kana kuti kugamuchirwa pamwero wehurumende.

Zvisarudzo zvezvisarudzo zvehurumende zvinotapura anenge mativi ose oupenyu hwehurumende, kubvira pamugariro wezvikoro nemigwagwa kusvikira kukuwanika kwezvoutano namabasa enzanga. Zvinoumba gadziriro dzekubudirira kwezvemari, masangano emhoteredzo, uye gadziriro dzeruramisiro dzoutsotsi.

Zviwanikwa Zvokunzwisisa Kuitwa Kwechisarudzo Chokuronga

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro penzira iyo magavhuna anoita nayo zvisarudzo uye basa ravatungamiriri vehurumende yeAmerica, zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinogovera mashoko anokosha nenzvero.

Gavhuna verudzi Association inobatira senzwi reboka ramagavhuna enyika uye inogovera pfuma huru pamasimba ehurumende, mitoro, nemiitiro yakanakisisa. Website yavo inobatanidza mashoko ane udzame pamusoro pechiremera chehurumende panhambo nenhambo yehurumende nenhau dzezvirongwa zvinobudirira.

Conuncil yeHurumende dzeHurumende inobudisa "Bhuku reStates," nongedzero ine chiremera pazvivako zvehurumende, masimba, uye mabasa. Iri chisakiso chinogovera mashoko akazara pamasimba ose ehurumende mumativi ose ane makumi mashanu.

Masangano akadai se [[FLT: 0] Eagleton Center on the American Gavhuna paRutgers University anoita nzvero pamusoro poutungamiriri hwehurumende uye anogovera zviwiro zvedzidzo nokuda kwokunzwisisa basa ravakuru vakuru vehurumende.

Mawebsite ehurumende anogovera mashoko pamusoro pezvinokosha zvagavhuna wavo, zvisarudzo zvemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, uye zvirongwa. Nzvimbo idzi dzinowanzobatanidza mashoko ezvirongwa zvevakuru vakuru, zvikarakadzo zvemari, uye Hurumende yeKero dzeHurumende, kuchipa nzwisiso yakananga mukuita chisarudzo chemiitiro.

Masangano enhau ayo anofukidza zvamatongerwe enyika enyika anogovera kushuma kunopfuurira pazvisarudzo zvokutonga nemigumisiro yazvo.

mhedziso

Kunzwisisa kuti vatongi vanoita sei zvisarudzo kunogovera nzwisiso inokosha mukutonga kweAmerica uye mitemo inotapura upenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Gavhuna vanoshanda mukati megadziriro yakaoma yemasimba ebumbiro remitemo, ganhuriro dzapamutemo, zvinhu chaizvoizvo zvezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kurangarira kunoshanda. Vanofanira kudzikamisa fariro dzinokwikwidzana, kuvaka mibatanidzwa, kudzora njodzi, uye kushandisa mitemo apo vanoramba vachichengeta tsigiro yavose uye kushanda mukati meganhuriro dzemari.

Muitiro wokuita chisarudzo unobatanidza kuunganidza mashoko kubva kuvatarisiri vemari nenyanzvi, kubvunza vabhengi, kunzvera zvisarudzo zvemiitiro, kurangarira revo dzezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuzviisa pasi kwapamutemo. Gavhuna vanoshandisa zvishandiso zvakasiyana - siyana kushandisa zvisarudzo zvavo, kubatanidza zvikarakadzo zvemari, zvikarakadzo zvemitemo, uye zviito zvokutarisira.

Nepo magavhuna achitarisana nedenho dzinokosha neganhuriro, anoramba ane simba mune zvamatongerwe enyika zveAmerica ane mano okuumba miitiro yehurumende ndokuvandudza upenyu hwavamiriri vavo.

Sezvo nyika dzinopfuurira kushanda semarabhoritari ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, kuedza mitoo yakasiana - siana kudenho dzakarovedzeka, vatongi vanoita vachapfuurira kupesvedzera kwete bedzi nyika dzavo vamene asiwo nhungamiro huru yemitemo yeAmerica. Kunzwisisa muitiro uyu wokuita zvisarudzo kunobetsera vagari vemo kubatira zvinobudirira zvikuru nehurumende yavo uye kuita kuti vatungamiriri vavo vakasarudzwa vazvidavirire nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvavanoitira vagari vose.