Basa Romubatanidzwa Wevarindi Venyika: Hurumende Nemirairo Yehurumende

National Guard ine nzvimbo yechienzi mugadziriro yehondo yeUnited States. Kusafanana neAuto reAuto rinoshingaira, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, kana kuti Sipa, Varindi vanoshanda mugadziriro mbiri dzemirairo iyo inochinja pakati pechiremera chehurumende nehurumende kutsamira pabasa. Kunzwisisa ichi nhevedzano yomurairo kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anodzidza sangano rehondo, vadzori vekurumidziro, kana kuti ukama hwehondo yevagari vemo.

Papfundo rayo, nhevedzano yeNational Guard inovimbisa kuti mutezo uri wose webasa unoziva kuti ndiani anopa mirairo, anoigamuchira, uye kuti kuzvidavirira kunoyerera sei kubva pamwero yakakwirira zvikurusa youtungamiriri hworudzi zvichidzika kumurwi mumwe nomumwe kana kuti mukwidzi wendege. Iyi gadziriro haisati ichingovawo zvayo muitiro wokushanda; iko musimboti wokushanda mukati mengwavaira dzomusikirwo, vhiringidziko dzavagari vemo, uye kutumirwa kwamakungwa kwamakungwa.

Nhau Yamavambo eGuva ’ Mirayiro

Mavambo eNational Guard anodzokera shure kugadziriro yamauto ehurumende inodzorwa nehurumende, umo nzanga dzomunzvimbomo dzakamutsa ndokuraira mauto ane zvombo nokuda kwokuzvidzivirira. Bumbiro reMitemo ra 1787 rakachengeta iyi tsika kupfurikidza nokupa hurumende chiremera chokuronga, kurovedza, uye kushongedzera mauto, nepo richichengeta simba rokuadana kuti ashande muhurumende nokuda kwekurumidziro yenyika. Uku kutonga kuviri kwakaparira hwaro hwanhasi ̱ mubatanidzwa wemirayiro.

Anopfuura mazana maviri amakore, Militia Acts ya1792 na1903, ichiteverwa neNational Defense Act ya1916, yakagadza zvishoma nezvishoma Dare ’ sangano noutungamiriri. Mutevedzano wazvino uno wemirairo wakasimbiswa muTitle 10 na33 weU.S. Code, iyo inobvisa miganhu pakati pehurumende nechiremera chehurumende. Kunzwisisa iyi yapamutemo kunodenha kunzwisisa kuti mirayiro inofambiswa sei mumapoka.

Gavhuna vorudzi Association inogovera nhungamiro ine udzame pagavhuna ’ basa, nepo Army National Guvergation 10 inoratidzira ukama hwemirayiro. Aya magwaro anoumba jira retsika.

Kurondedzera Chitendero Chomurayiro

Mumashoko ehondo, nhevedzano yemurairo itsika iyo chiremera nomutoro zvinopfuudzwa nayo kubva kune mukuru zvichienda kunzvimbo iri pasi. Kunoparira mutsetse wakajeka, usingaputsika wekurukurirano nokuita zvisarudzo. Mukati meNational Guard, tcheni iri rinobatira vanatenzi vaviri vakasiana: hurumende yehurumende nehurumende yehurumende.

Apo boka raVarindi rinoshanda pasi pechiremera chehurumende (Tit 32 mugariro), gavhuna anoshanda somutungamiriri mukuru wehurumende iyoyo ̱ simba. Thokwe rinomhanya kubva kuna gavhuna kuenda kumukuru mukuru wehurumende, ipapo kutungamirira navakuru vakuru vechibharo, uye pakupedzisira kumurwi mumwe nomumwe. Apo boka rimwe chetero rinoitwa nokuda kwebasa rehurumende (Musoro 10), purezidhendi anova mutungamiriri wedare, uye tsoro inomhanya kupfurikidza noMunyori weNheveri, mutungamiriri wenzvimbo inorwisana, uye National Guvera.

Uku kuzvipira kuviri kunoda kuti muchengeti ari wose anzwisise kuti ingowani ipi yaakapfeka panguva ipi neipi. murwi mumwe cheteyo anoshuma kumutungamiriri webasa wehurumende mukati memhinduro yedutu, mavhiki gare gare, angashuma kumutungamiriri weboka rehurumende mukati mokutumwa kuMiddle East.

Zvivako Zvechikwata Chevarindi Vorudzi

Mutezo weNational Guard wemurairo mukuru, une mabasa anorondedzerwa zvakajeka pamwero mumwe nomumwe. Pasi apa pane chivako chaichoicho, kuvambira panhengo yakaderera zvikurusa yakanyorwa kusvikira kuchiremera chakakwirira zvikurusa.

Vashandi Nevakuru Vakuru Vakarongwa

Pazasi peketani pane varwi vamwe navamwe navanofeya ndege. Varwi mumwe nomumwe anoshuma kumutungamiriri weboka, mutungamiriri weboka, kana kuti mukuru mukuru wechikamu. Mutsetse wokutanga wetarisiro unowanzova mukuru mukuru asingamirirwi (NCO) ane nzvimbo yasajeni (E-5) kana kuti mushandi wejeni (E-6). Ava vaNCOs vanova nechokwadi chokuti mirairo inobva kudzimbahwe rakakwirira inonzwisiswa ndokuurawa, uye vane mutoro wegarikano nechirango chemauto avo.

Vakuru vakuru vakatumwa vanoshandura nhungamiro yemazano kuti ive nhepfenyuro. Mukuru mukuru wekambani, kazhinji kazhinji kacho kaputeni, ndiwo musi wokutanga apo mutevedzano wemurairo unobatanidza chiremera chikuru chokutungamirira nechirango, kubatanidza simba rokutanga Dare reMitemo yeMamishoni (UCJ).

Kurwisa uye Kukura Kwezvikepe

Nhevedzano inotevera inobatanidza vatungamiriri veboka (vatungamiriri vevarwi) navakuru vakuru vemakorone. Chikwata chine varwi 300 kusvikira ku 800, nepo dare retsoropodzo rinogona kubatanidza 3 000 kusvikira ku 5 000. Paava vakuru vakuru vakuru vanonangidzira ngwariro pakurovedza, kugadzirira, uye vatarisiri vemipiro. Vanobatirawo sebatano huru pakati pemayuniti egadziriro namadzimbahwe ehurumende akakwirira zvikuru kana kuti ehurumende.

Vakuru vakuru vevarwi veBattaliaon vanobatira savatungamiriri vakuru vakaiswa muuranda, vachivimbisa kuti mutungamiriri ̱ vavariro inokurukurwa kuNCO corps. Uku kubatana pakati pomukuru nomutungamiriri muboka rouzivi hwehondo reUnited States chiratidzo chetsika yehondo yeUnited States.

Mutungamiriri Wemauto Anoda Kuchinja

Adjutant General (TAG) mukuru mukuru wemauto munyika imwe neimwe, ndima, kana kuti Ruwa rweColumbia. MACAG inhau huru kana kuti vakuru vakuru vemagen’a vakagadzwa nagavhuna. Vanoraira mapoka ose eMiringanwa naMauto eAir National Guard ari mukati mehurumende yavo uye vane mutoro wokugadzirira, rovedzo, uye tarisiro. TAG inopa zano gavhuna pamusoro penhau dzehondo uye anotarisira hurumende ̱ Staff, inobatira pamwe namasangano anotarisira njodzi dzomunzvimbomo.

Pamusana pokushanda kwehurumende, TAG inoshandisa simba pamauto ose evarindi.

Gavhuna

Gavhuna wenyika imwe neimwe anobatira somutungamiriri mukuru wehurumende ’ varindi veNational Guard apo isati iri mubasa rehurumende. Ichi chiremera chinotorwa mumabumbiro enyika naMutezo 32 wemitemo yeU.S. Gavhuna vanogona kuraira mapoka aVarindi kuti aite kungwavaira dzomusikirwo, kusagadzikana kwavagari vemo, kana kuti dzimwe njodzi. Vanogonawo kuendesa varindi kune dzimwe nyika pasi peEmergency Management Assistration Concity (EMAC).

Gavhuna ̱ basa rine simba uye rakaganhurirwa. Havagoni kurayira Varindi kuti vaite basa rehurumende, uyewo havagoni kumisa basa rehurumende. Mukati mokudana kwehurumende, gavhuna anorasikirwa nokudzorwa, kunyange zvazvo Varindi vachiramba vari chisakiso chehurumende mumashoko okutarisira.

Purezidhendi Nezviremera Zvehurumende

Purezidhendi weUnited States ndiye mukuru mukuru wemauto ose eUnited States ane zvombo, kubatanidza National Guard painenge iri mubasa rehurumende. Purezidhendi anogona kunyandura mapoka aVarindi nokuda kwebasa rokurwa remhiri kwamakungwa, mabasa ehurumende yehurumende (zvakadai sechengeteko yemuganhu), kana kuti njodzi dzenyika. Chiremera chokudana varindi mubasa rehurumende chinotangwa pasi peTit 10 uye chinofanira kutenderwa noMunyori weDefense.

Murayiro weFederal unofamba uchipinda nomuNational Guard Bureau (NGB), uyo unobatira somubato weBato roUteshi. Mukuru weNational Guaunt Bureau mukuru ane nhindi ina anopa zano Munyori weFonda panhau dzaVarindi uye tsinhirano pakati pemirairo yehurumende nehurumende. HNGB haina murairo unoshanda pamayuniti eRwert; uyo ndowevatungamiriri vehondo.

Somuenzaniso, apo varwi vezvikwata zveRightant vanoshanda kuAfghanistan, vanobatwa mumurairo weCentral Communit weU.S. (CENTCOM), unoishandira kupfurikidza neboka kana kuti dzimbahwe rebasa rimwe. Hurumende yeTaG inochengeta mutoro wokutarisira vashandi nemidziyo, asi zvirairidzo zvinoshanda zvinobva kuteni rehurumende.

Control v. Administration

Kunzwisisa zvizere nhevedzano yomurairo, kunokosha kutsaura pakati pemifungo mitatu ine chokuita asi yakasiana: murairo, dzoro, uye udzori. Commist ichiremera kugovera mibato, kugovera zvitengo, uye kupa mirairo. Control inonongedzera kumano kumasimba okutungamirira mukati memibato, kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nemibato. Admistrist [[ inofukidza kutarisira vashandi, betsero, zvinyorwa zvokurovedza, uye zvishandiro zvokuzvidavirira.

MuNational Guard, chiremera chinoraira chichinja pakati pemaoko ehurumende nehurumende zvichitsamira panzvimbo inoshanda. Kudzora kunoshandiswa nomutungamiriri uyo ane tarisiro yokushanda panguva yakati. Kutungamirira kunoramba kuri nehurumende, kunyange mukati mebasa rehurumende, nemhaka yokuti Murindi isangano rakavakirwa pahurumende. Chivako ichi chine mhesano, zvikurukuru mukati mekushandiswa kwehurumende kwenguva refu, asi rutivi runokosha rweRor ̱ basa rakasiyana nemamwe.

Nheyo Dzinokosha Dzoutsanana Hwomurayiro

Nheyo dzinokosha dzinoverengeka dzinodzora kuti nhevedzano yemirayiro inoshanda sei muNational Guard.

  • [[[FT:0] Usingawirirani nomurairo: Murindi mumwe nomumwe ane mutungamiriri mumwe chete panguva ipi neipi. Ikoku kunodzivisa zvirairo zvinorwisana nenyongano.
  • [ Kuzvidavirira nokuzvidavirira: Vatungamiriri vane mutoro wechinhu chiri chose icho boka ravo rinoita kana kuti rinokundikana kuita. Uku kuzvidavirira kunokwira kumusoro nomuketani.
  • [[FT:0] vhura kurukurirano: Apo zvirango zvinodzika, mashoko anofanira kuyerera. Varwi vanokarirwa kushuma nhau, mugariro, uye kuda nhevedzano yavo yemirairo.
  • [ Kuremekedza Basa reNhau: Varindi vanofanira kunzwisisa apo vanenge vari mumurairo wehurumende mukurwisana nomurairo womubatanidzwa, uye kugadziridza kushuma kwavo maererano.
  • Kushandiswa kweNCO Corps:[[FL:1] Vatariri vasingapiwi ichete, kubata kuuraya, chirango, uye rovedzo pamwero wamanomano.

Mienzaniso Yenyika Chaiyoiyo Yechitendero Chomurairidzo Chiri Kushanda

Mutengo wemirayiro hausi wekufungidzira; unoshandiswa zuva nezuva mumabasa munyika yose uye kupota nyika.

Kuita Njodzi Mumba

Hurricane Katrina payakarova Gulf Coast muna 2005, National Guard yakatanga kutungamirirwa nehurumende. Magavhuna eLouisiana, Mississippi, uye Alabama akakurudzira mapoka avo, uye General Adjutant General achitungamirira basa. Sezvo njodzi yacho yakawedzera, hurumende yakatonga mamwe mapoka aiva pasi peTitle 10, ichiumba ukama hwakaoma pakati pehurumende nehurumende. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nokuvandudza kubatana, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwevatungamiriri vaviri vehurumende vane simba, vane simba pasi pehurumende necheni.

Mabasa Anovhiringidza Vanhu Munharaunda

Mukati menyongano yavagari vemo pashure pokupondwa kwaGeorge Floyd muna 2020, mapoka eNational Guard akanyandurwa muzviuru zvehurumende. Muhurumende imwe neimwe, nhevedzano yomurairo yakabva kuna gavhuna kuenda kuTaG kumukuru mukuru weTaG. Varindi vaishanda pasi poudzori hwehurumende (Tit 32) ndokuramba vakaparadzana namauto anoshanda. muWashington, D.C., D.C., D. National Guard anoshanda pasi pechiremera chomuteshi wehurumende, napurezidhendi mukuru mukuru wehondo anoshandisa murairo wehurumende kupfurikidza nokuraira kwechiuto D.C. National Guver.

Majecha Apamusoro Pegungwa

Apo chikamu che 34 chiTrentsry Division (Minnesota National Guard) chakaiswa kuIraq muna 2004-2005, chakasvika pasi pomurayiro weMultiyoral Corps-Iraq, dzimbahwe rehurumende. Mukuru mukuru weboka, akashumwa nomuchekedzero yecheni, nepo achikurukurawo neMinnesota TAG nokuda kwetsigiro yokudzora. Iyi mishumo miviri itsika yakarongwa yemapoka aVarindi mumatunhu ehondo.

Mirangariro Inozivikanwa Navose Pamusoro Pekedzero Yokurinda Yorudzi Yomurayiro

Vanhu vazhinji, kubatanidza Varindi, kusanzwisisa mativi akati echeni.Hedzino kujekeswa kushomanene.

  • Kufunga: Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kutora professor ’ Varindi pasina gavhuna ’ mvumo. Sangano:[ purezidhendi anogona kuita kuti mapoka aVarindi ashande, asi anofanira kutevera miitiro iri muTitle 10. Mukati mekukurumidziro, gavhuna anochengeta murairo kutoti boka racho rikasimbiswa nomutemo.
  • Miscroect: Mukuru weNational Guaustration anoraira mapoka ose aVarindi. FOct: Mukuru anopa zano Munyori weNyama uye anoronga muitiro, asi haana murairo unoshanda pamasimba ehurumende aVarindi.
  • Kufunga: Muchengeti anogona kufuratira mirairo yapamutemo inobva kumutungamiriri wenyika kana vachida kutevera mirairo yehurumende. Sangano:[ apo iri pasi pomurairo, tyani yehurumende ndiyo chiremera bedzi chapamutemo. Kusateerera murairo kuputsa UCMJ pasinei zvapo nomugariro wemurairo.

Basa Rehurumende Yevarindi Muchikwata Chevanhu

National Guard Bureau (NGB) isangano rakasiyana rinogara pamharadzano yehurumende nehurumende. Iri muPentagon, NGB ibasa reboka reDhipatimendi reNdendero. Mabasa aro makuru anobatanidza:

  • Kurumbidza muitiro uye kuronga zvinhu zvinokosha nokuda kwevarindi
  • Kutsigirana pakati pehurumende nehurumende
  • Kutarisira kugoverwa kwemidziyo nepfuma
  • Kurovedza uye kugadzirira
  • Kutarisira Gavhuna Wavakuru Vavashandi Panhau Dzavarindi

Nepo NGB isingarayiri mapoka aVarindi, inopesvedzera zvikuru kuti nhevedzano yemirairo inoshanda sei kupfurikidza nokutanga miitiro nemipimo izvo nyika dzose dzinotevera. Nhevedzo yeNational Guaunt Bureau[[FLT: 1] inobatira semutungamiriri mukuru wehondo ku Munyori weDefense panhau dzeGuva.

Hurumende neFederal Kratation: Nzira Iyo Chain Shifts

Kunzwisisa apo nhevedzano imwe neimwe inoshanda kunokosha. Kune nzvimbo nhatu huru dzavashandi veNational Guard:

  • State Activity Duty (SAD) - Guta Hurumende iri pasi pekudzora kwakazara. Hurumende inobhadhara basa uye gavhuna anoraira. Izvozvi zvinoshandiswa nokuda kwemigariro yekurumidziro yomunzvimbomo semafashamo kana kuti mwoto.
  • Title 32 (Nguva yaMatongo yeNguva yeNyika) - Murindi anobhadharwa nehurumende yehurumende asi anoramba ari pasi pomurairo wehurumende. Iwawawa anowanzoshandiswa nokuda kwemabasa omumba akadai semishoni yekotsekano kana kuti apo Gadhi rinotsigira masangano ehurumende ari mudzoro.
  • Umutwe 10 (Feda Ective Duty) - Guardsman ari mubasa rehurumende, mumurairo unoshanda womutungamiriri wehurumende. Hurumende inochengeta mutoro wokutungamirira asi haigoni kupa mirairo inoshanda.

Chinjo imwe neimwe mumugariro inochinja chivako chokushuma. Murindi ari paTitle 32 miraidzo yemhinduro yedutu inoshuma kupfurikidza necheni rehurumende. Kana murindi mumwe cheteyo akanyandurwa gare gare nokuda kwokugoverwa, vanowira pasi pejoini rehurumende. Uku kuchinjika ndichimwe cheGuant’ simba gurusa, asi inoda kuti vatungamiriri pamwero yose vajeke pamusoro pokuti ndiani ari mumurairo panguva ipi neipi.

Utungamiriri Nokuzvidavirira Muutere

Chisungo chemirairo hachisati chiri bedzi pamusoro pokupa mirairo; chiriwo pamusoro pokutora mutoro. Vatungamiriri vanozvidavirira nokuda kwemibatanidzwa yavo ̱ kushanda, kukotsekana, uye chirango. Uku kuzvidavirira kunokwira nokudzika.

Kuvatungamiriri vaduku, nhevedzano yemirairo inogovera gadziriro nokuda kwokuva murayiridzi nenhungamiro. Mutungamiriri weboka uyo anosangana nechinetso kupfuura chiremera chavo anogona kuchikwidziridza kumukuru wejeni kana kuti mutungamiriri weplatoon. Murwi ane nhau yomunhu oga anoziva kuenda pakutanga kumutungamiriri wavo weboka kana kuti mutungamiriri weboka. Uku kurongeka kunodzivisa nyongano uye kuvimbisa kuti vaiti vechisarudzo vane mashoko nechiremera zvinodikanwa kuita chiito.

Vatungamiriri vakuru, kubatanidza TAG nagavhuna, vanozvidavirira kuvoruzhinji nokutarisiro yomubatanidzwa. Vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti mauto aVarindi anorovedzwa, akashongedzerwa, uye akagadzirira nokuda kwebasa ripi neripi. Rutsama rwomurairo runobatanidzawo miitiro yokushuma kusazvibata, yakadai segadziriro yeInstener General, iyo inogovera imwe nzira yenyengedzo dzinopfuura nhevedzano yapakarepo.

Chikonzero Nei Kunzwisisa Nhau Dzevadzidzi Nevadzidzisi

Kufunda nhevedzano yeNational Guard yemirairo kunokosha nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka.Kutanga, kunoratidzira kushandiswa kunoshanda kwehurumende mugadziriro yehurumende yeU.S. Guard muenzaniso mupenyu wokuti zviremera zvehurumende nehurumende zvinogoverana sei simba nomutoro.

Chechipiri, rinoratidzira ukoshi hwegadziriro yesangano yakajeka munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Mhinduro yekurumidziro iri yose, kubva pamoto wesango kusvikira kudutu kusvikira kunyongano yavagari vemo, inotsamira panhevedzano inoshanda yokubatanidza zviuru zvavashandi nezvitsama zvikuru zvemidziyo.

Chechitatu, kusimbisa mutoro, kukurukurirana, uye kuremekedza vane simba inheyo dzinoshanda musangano ripi neripi, ringava rehondo, rebhizimisi, kana kuti redzidzo.

Vadzidzi vanogona kushandisa nhevedzano yemirairo yeGuant sechidzidzo chenhau nokuda kwokunzwisisa mifungo yemirairo mune dzimwe mativi, zvakadai semibato yezvokutengeserana kana kuti zvivako zvesangano rehurumende. Rand Corporation yakabudisa nzvero[ pamusoro penzi iyo Guard & #817; marairo anotapura nayo zvose zviri zviviri mabasa ehurumende nehurumende.

Zvinetso Mumuitiro Wokurinda Werudzi

Murayiro wakapiwa nevarindi unoratidza kuti pane zvimwe zvinhu zvakaoma zvinofanira kuongororwa nevatungamiriri.

  • [[FFLT:0] Mission Creep and Role Confsion: Apo mapoka anonyandurwa muchimiro chimwe asi ipapo achichinjirwa kune chimwe, varwi vangavhiringidzwa pamusoro pomutungamiriri wavo wazvino. Kukurukurirana kwakajeka nemirairo yakasanogadzirwa zvinokosha.
  • Kuzviisa pasi kwemitemo: Apo nyika dzakawanda dzinotumira mapoka aVarindi kunzvimbo yengwavaira (somuenzaniso, mukati mePraion Maria muPuerto Rico), kubatanidza zviketani zvemirairo munyika dzakasiana - siana namasangano ehurumende kunogona kuva kwakaoma.
  • .Legal ne Mitemo yeMitemo: Posse Comitatus Act inoganhurira kushandiswa kwamauto ehurumende nokuda kwokuchengetwa kwomutemo, asi mauto eNational Guard ari pasi pomurairo anogona kuita mabasa okuchengeta mutemo. Uku kusiyana kunogona kuita nzvimbo dzamachena dzapamutemo apo hurumende namasimba ehurumende anoshanda pamwe chete.
  • Resis Respect Information: Hurumende nemabasa ehurumende zvingakwikwidzana nokuda kwemidziyo mimwe cheteyo navashandi. Mubatanidzwa wemirairo unofanira kuisa zvinhu zvakavakirwa pakurumidziro yebasa apo unoramba uchigadzirira nokuda kwezvimwe zvinhu.

Mupeto: Chitendero Chomurayiro Sehwaro Hwechivimbo

Gararirano yeNational Guard inopfuura chati yesangano. igadziriro yakavakirwa pakuvimba, mutoro, uye nzwisiso inogoverwa yokuti murairo uri wose nemirairo iri yose zvinova nemiuyo. Kuvambira panzvimbo itsva zvikurusa yapachivande mukamuri rokugovera kusvikira kuna gavhuna mupetu rehurumende, munhu ari wose ari muketani ane basa rokuita mukuvimbisa kuti varindi vanoramba vakagadzirira kuita chimwe chinhu chipi kana chipi chinodikanwa.

Nokuda kwavadzidzi vehurumende, sayenzi yehondo, kana kuti vatarisiri vemigariro yekurumidziro, kuziva udzame hweiyi nhevedzano miviri kunopa nzwisiso huru pamusoro penzira iyo United States inodzikamisa nayo udzori hwomunzvimbomo nechengeteko yenyika. Guard’ mano okuchinja pasina mhosho kubva kuhurumende kuenda kumurairo womubatanidzwa ndokudzokerazve chiito chinoshamisa chesangano, icho chakaedzwa ndokubvumikiswa mumwoto, mafashamo, uye nharaunda dzinorwisana kupota nyika.

Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa uyo anoraira, anodzora, uye anozvidavirira, munhu ari wose kubvira kumuiti wemiitiro kusvikira kumutungamiriri muduku anogona kubetsera kuGuarḏ anopfuuridzirwa kubudirira mukubatira zvose zviri zviviri nyika norudzi.