Kunzwisisa kuti Congress inokumirirai sei uye kuvamba mitemo inodzora rudzi rwedu kunokosha kuti uve mugari wemo akadzidza. United States Congress inoshanda sebazu remitemo yehurumende yehurumende, ichishandisa simba rebumbiro remitemo kuunyanzvi, kurukurirano, uye kugadza mutemo unotapura rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hweAmerica. Kuvambira pautano nedzidzo kusvikira kudziviriro yenyika nemutero, zvisarudzo zvinoitwa mukati mehoro dzeCongress zvinoumba nguva yemberi yenyika yedu. Iyi nhungamiro yakakwana ichakufambisa kupfurikidza nomuitiro wakaoma kunzwisisa wemaitirwe emitemo, mabasa akatanhamara eImba yeVamiriusi neDare remitemo, uye miraudzo yemipimo izvo zvinovimbisa kushanda kwedu kwegadziriro yehurumende yehurumende inotonga nyika yose.

Kunzwisisa Mavambo Emisangano

United States Congress ibazu remitemo rehurumende yehurumende uye rine makamuri maviri: mutumbi wakaderera unonzi Imba yaVamiririri veUnited States, uye mutumbi wapamusoro unonzi Dare reUnited States une hwerengedzo yemitezo yokuvhota, iyo inobatanidza 100 vamiriri navamiriri 435. Ichi chivako chamabhijarameral chakavambwa navagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo serutivi rweKubvuma Kuzviisa Pasi Kukuru, kwakagadzirirwa kudzikamisa fariro dzezvose zviri zviviri nyika dzine vanhu vakawanda uye dzine vanhu vashoma apo zvichivimbisa kumirira zvakanaka vaAmerica vose.

Chikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. chinopa masimba ose okutonga kuBasa remitemo: Imba yavamiririri neDare riri muuyo we "Kubvumirana Kukuru" kutsvaka kudzikamisa tapuro dzemibato yakakurumbira nefariro dzenyika. Iyi gadziriro yakagadzirwa nokungwarira inogona kuvimbisa kuti hakuna boka rimwe kana kuti boka refariro rinogona kudzora muitiro wemitemo, kuchida batira pamwe uye kuvaka bvumirano pakati pamakamuri ose ari maviri kuisa mitemo mitsva.

Imba Yevamiririri: Dare Ravanhu

Nhamba yavamiriri vokuvhota muImba inoiswa nomutemo pasati pari kupfuura 435, zvichienzana zvichimirira chiverengero chavagari vemo vehurumende 50. Mumiriri mumwe nomumwe anosarudzwa kushoko ramakore maviri achibatira vanhu voruwa rwakati. Iyi nguva pfupi inovimbisa kuti mitezo yeImba irambe yakabatana zvikuru nezvikwaniriso zvavo zvinochinja neitiro hanya zvenzanga dzainobatira.

Mitezo yeImba inomirira maruwa mamwe namamwe, nechiverengero chamaruwa munyika imwe neimwe chinozivikanwa navagari vehurumende iyoyo. Nyika imwe neimwe ine mumiriri mumwe muCongress. Iyi mufananidzo wakavakirwa pavagari vemo unoreva kuti nechiverengero chavagari vemo chikuru zvikuru, zvakadai seCalifornia neTexas, ine vamiriri vazhinji zvikuru kupfuura nyika duku dzakadai seWyoming kana kuti Vermont.

Mitezo yeimba inofanira kuva namakore makumi maviri namashanu ezera navagari vemo kwamakore manomwe. Izvi zvinodikanwa zviduku zvikuru zvinoratidza vavariro yavagadziri kuti Imba inofanira kuva kamuri rakabatana zvakananga zvikurusa navanhu, ine mhinganidzo dzakaderera dzokupinda idzo dzingabvumira mhatsa yamanzwi nemirangariro zvakasiyana- siyana kutora rutivi mumuitiro wemitemo.

Dare: Muviri Unozvidemba

MuDare, vavhoti vavasarudzi vehurumende imwe neimwe vanosarudza vaSenator vaviri, avo vanobatira mashoko amakore matanhatu anopindirana (akadai sokuti chikamu chimwe bedzi cheimba chakagadzwa munhambo ipi neipi yesarudzo). Iyi gadziriro yasarudzo inokatyamadzwa inogovera kupfuurira neyeuko yokurongeka, ichivimbisa kuti Dare rinochengeta utungamiriri hwakanakisa kunyange sezvo mitezo mitsva inokumbanira kamuri.

Senators are at least thirty years old and citizens for nine years. These higher age and citizenship requirements reflect the Senate's intended role as a more deliberative and experienced body. To shield senators from short-term political pressure, their terms were set at six years rather than the two-year terms of House representatives.

Dare raiitirwa kuita namaune zvikuru kupfuura Imba, richisimbisa basa reDare rokupa zano nokubvuma zviito zvinoitwa muImba uye nebazu guru rehurumende. Uku kuratidzira kunoratidzirwa mumirairo nemiitiro zveDare, izvo zvinogovera vatevedzeri vamwe navamwe vane simba rinokosha rokupesvedzera muitiro wemitemo kupfurikidza nekurukurirano yakarebeswa nemimwe miitiro yetsika.

Simba Rebumbiro remitemo Nemisiano Pakati Pedzimba

Zvisinei, Bumbiro Remitemo rinopa nzvimbo imwe neimwe masimba akasiyana nemamwe uye mitoro inosiyanisa mabasa adzo muhurumende yehurumende.

Masimba Akatanhamara Eimba Yavamiriri

Imba bedzi inogona kuvamba mutemo wemari, uye Dare bedzi rinosimbisa kunyoreswa kwapurezidhendi nezvibvumirano zvinotendera. Iri simba pamusoro pezvikwereti zvemari, zvinowanzonzi "simba rechikwama," rinopa Imba pesvedzero huru pamusoro pemitengo yemari nemutero zvehurumende. Chikamu I, Chikamu 7 cheBumbiro remitemo chinoti zvikwereti zvakaitirwa kusimudzira mari zvinofanira kuvamba muImba, iyo iri mumwe wemisiyano mikuru pakati peImba neDare.

Pasi peBumbiro reMitemo, Imba yavamiriri ine simba rokupa mukuru mukuru wehurumende, chaizvoizvo achibatira somuchuchisi.simba iri rinomirira imwe yechekedzo dzinokosha zvikurusa pamapazu avakuru vakuru neamatare, richibvumira Imba kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vomuhurumende vazvidavirire nokuda kwomufambiro wakakomba.

Masimba Akatanhamara Edare

Dare rine simba rimwe chete rokuita nyaya dzokusabvumirana, zvikurukuru richishanda sedare rinobetsera vatongi uye rinobetsera kutonga.

Dare rine nzvero inokosha pasimba ravakuru vakuru kupfurikidza nokusimbisa vakuru vakuru veCabinet, vatongi, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru "kupfurikidza uye neChikarakadzo neRevo yeDare". Iri simba rokusimbisa rinopa pesvedzero inokosha paiumbwa yebazu guru nedare redare rehurumende, kubatanidza vatongi veDare Rapamusorosoro.

Tsamba dzinokurukurwa naPurezidhendi dzinofanira kutenderwa nevoruzhinji vaviri vatatu muDare kuti dzishande. Ichi chinodikanwa chinovimbisa kuti zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose zvinowana nzvero yakakwana netsigiro huru United States isati yaita kwavari.

Misiyano Yemipimo Iri Pakati Pedzimba

Nemhaka yokuti kamuri rimwe nerimwe rine chiremera chebumbiro remitemo chokuita mitemo yaro rimene, Imba neDare zvakatanga nzira dzakasiana zvikuru dzokuronga nadzo mutemo, zvichida dzichipfuura zvishoma kubva mumisiano yazvo yebumbiro remitemo. iyi misiyano yetsika ine tapuro inokosha yokuti kamuri rimwe nerimwe rinoshanda sei uye kuti mutemo unofamba sei kupfurikidza neCongress.

Mitemo yepaimba yose zvayo, uye miitiro inobvumira nhamba kuti iite mutemo nokukurumidza. Ukuru hweImba yacho hunoda miitiro yakagadzirwa zvakanaka, neganhuriro dzenguva dzakaganhurirwa pakurukurirano uye kugadziridzwa kunodzora kupfurikidza nemitemo chaiyo yakatangwa neDare reImba. Ikoku kunobvumira boka revoruzhinji kuchengeta udzori hukuru zvikuru papurogiramu dzemitemo ndokubvisa zvikwereti nomukamuri nenzira inobudirira zvikuru.

Mitemo yeDare nemiitiro, kune rumwe rutivi, kurangarira chiito chokukurumidza, sezvo kuchigovera simba retsika kuVasarudzi vamwe navamwe. Tsika yeDare yekurukurirano isina kuganhurirwa, inozivikanwa navose semonibulister, inobvumira vatenzi vamwe navamwe kana kuti mapoka maduku kutambanudzira kurukurirano pamusoro pomutemo nokusingaperi kutoti kana vasarendi 60 vanovhota kukumbira kuvharwa uye kurukurirano yokupedzisira. Ikoku kunopa boka duku nevanoumba vamwe navamwe simba guru zvikuru rokupesvedzera kana kuti kuvhara mutemo kupfuura vabiyavo veImba.

Maitirwo Anoitwa Bhirobhu Mutemo: Kufambira Mberi Nenhano

Kunyange zvazvo paine mutemo unotevera, chokwadi ndechokuti rwendo rwemutemo rwomudare rimwe nerimwe rune zvarunosiyana, ruchikonzerwa nenyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika, maonero evanhu, nguva, uye nyaya dzakananga dzinobatanidzwa.

Danho 1: Kutanga Kwepfungwa

Mitemo inotanga sepfungwa. Iyi inoreva kuti iwe, somutezo weDare reHurumende, kana kuti zvimwe muDare kana kuti vamiririri – uyo ane pfungwa yomutemo anogona kunyora mutongo. Iyi mifungo inobva kumitezo yeCongress iyo imene kana kuti kuvagari vemo vezuva riri rose namapoka evadzori.

Chibvumirano chebhukwana chikarakadzo chomutemo mutsva kana kuti chinjo kumutemo uripo. Mabhiri anogona kukurukura inodokuva nhau ipi neipi mukati mechiremera chebumbiro remitemo rehurumende, kuvambira pakutanga gadziriro itsva dzehurumende kusvikira kukugadziridza mwero yemitero, kubva kuzvokutengeserana kwenyika kusvika kukubvumira chiito chehondo.

Danho 2: Kugadzirira uye Kusuma Bhiro

Mitezo bedzi yeImba kana kuti Dare ingatanga mutemo, kunyange zvazvo panhambo nenhambo nhengo inosuma mutemo kupfurikidza nechikumbiro chaPurezidhendi. Mitezo navashandi vavo vanowanzobvunza magweta asiri apapatiti muhofisi yeChibvumirano cheGregislative Replace kuti vabetsere kuisa zvikarakadzo zvemitemo mumutauro wewisc. Uyu muitiro wounyanzvi unovimbisa kuti zvikwereti zvakanyorwa mumutauro wapamutemo neforoma.

Mutezo mukuru weCongress unotsigira mutongo wacho unonzi "sponsor". Mimwe mitezo inotsigira pamutemo wacho inonzi "co-sponsors". Kuva navatsigiri vazhinji vedare vanogona kuratidzira tsigiro yakafara nokuda kwomutezo ndokuwedzera mikana yawo yokubudirira. Mitezo inowanzoparadzira mutemo wekunyora pamutemo pakati peshamwari dzavo kuti ivakire tsigiro pamberi pokuusuma nenzira yakarongwa.

Mutezo upi noupi muImba yavamiriri ungasuma chibvumirano panguva ipi neipi apo Imba inenge iri murusando kupfurikidza nokungoiisa bedzi mu "host" parutivi rwedhesiki reClerk muNzvimbo yeImba. Chisaini chomutsigiri chinofanira kuoneka papepa racho, iro ringava nechiverengero chisina kuganhurirwa chemitezo inodzorwa. MuDare, muitiro wacho wakafanana, kunyange zvazvo zvikwereti zvichitangwa zvawo kubva pauriri hweDare.

Mutengo wacho unogoverwa nhamba yawo yemitemo naClerk uye unonongedzerwa kudare rehurumende, iro riri dare rinopomerwa kuhwirudzura bhiri. Zvikwereti zveimba zvinosarudzwa ne "H.R." zvinoteverwa nenhamba, nepo zvikwereti zveDare zvichiteverwa nenhamba. Zvisarudzo zveSameta, izvo zvine simba rimwe chetero nechikwereti, zvinosarudzwa "H.J.Res. kana kuti "S.J.Res".

Danho 3: Kuhwirudzura uye Kufunga Nezvedare

Matare anogovera rangariro yakakomba zvikurusa kumwero wakakarakadzwa pamwe chete nenzvimbo umo vanhu vanopiwa banza ravo rokunzwa. Ichi chikamu chedare ndicho uko basa rine udzame rokunzvera, kuitisana nharo, uye kunatsa rinoitiswa.

Dare rimwe nerimwe rinoronga unyanzvi mumitemo yayo yakasiyana neiyi nhau, yakadai sezvokurima, mabasa ane zvombo, dzidzo, simba, mari, ukama hwedzimwe nyika, uye dare rimwe nerimwe rinovandudza unyanzvi munharaunda yaro chaiyo yemiitiro uye rine mutoro wokuhwirudzura mutemo wose une chokuita nenhau iyoyo.

Pashure pokunge bhoti ratangwa ndokunongedzerwa kudare rehurumende, dare richawanzotumira mwero wacho kuboka raro duku chairo refundo, kunzwa, gadziridzo, uye tendero. Kazhinji kazhinji, nhano yokutanga muiyi gadziriro kutonga kwavose uko mitezo inobatira dare kana kuti dare duku inonzwa zvapupu zvichimirira mirangariro yakasiana - siana pachiyero.

Dare ringatosarudza kuva nemhosva kuti rinzwisise zviri nani zvinorehwa nemutemo wacho.Kunzwa kunobvumira mirangariro yebazi guru, nyanzvi, vamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende nevatsigiri, uye vashori vomutemo unoda kunyorwa.

Apo kuongorora nokuongorora kuduku kunopedzwa, dare richasangana ku "zonyora" pamutemo. Vanoita chinjo negadziridzo pamberi pokurumbidza mutezo ku "Foor". Mukati mezvikamu, mitezo yedare inokurukura gadziriro dzepepa, inokarakadza kugadziriswa, uye vhoti pamusoro pechinjo. Ndiko uko kwakawanda kwekurukurirano yechitsama chechiduku chechitsama chapamberi pevhu uye kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kunoitika.

Kana dare risingaiti papepa remitemo, mutengo wacho unonzi wafa. Kutaura idi, mari yakawanda yezvikwereti inopinzwa muCongress haitongoibvisi mudare. Haisi zvikwereti zvose zvakatangwa muCongress zvinoitora kudare rose. Zvikwereti zvakawanda zvinongosvika bedzi pachikamu chedare. Basa iri rokuchengeta suo rinobetsera kudzora mubatanidzwa mukuru wemitemo inokarakadzwa uye rinovimbisa kuti zvikwereti bedzi netsigiro yakakwana uye zvakafanira kutevererwa kukamuri rakazara.

Nhano 4: Kurangarira Kwakanaka Negakava

Kana chikabudiswa nedare, mutengo wacho unoiswa pakarenda kuti uvhotererwe, unokakavadzana kana kuti unogadziridzwa. Muitiro wokuunza pamutemo pauriri unosiana zvikuru pakati peImba neDare, unoratidzira ukuru hwawo hwakasiana nemitemo yetsika.

MuImba, mutemo mukurusa zvikurusa unoda mutemo chaiwo unobva kuHouse Ruless Committee inogadza zvisarudzo nokuda kwekurukurirano youriri, kubatanidza kuti inguvai ichagoverwa nokuda kwekurukurirano uye kuti inguvai, kana ipi neipi, ingapiwa.uku kurongeka kunobvumira Imba kuronga mutemo nenzira inobudirira pasinei zvapo nemitezo yayo mikuru.

MuDare, muitiro wouriri unochinjika zvikuru uye wakaitwa somunhu mumwe nomumwe. Majeni anogona kutaura kwenguva refu chero bedzi achida pamusoro upi noupi, uye ane maruramiro makuru okupa kugadziridzwa kwezvikwereti zviri kurangarirwa. iyi gamuchidzanwa rekurukurirano yakarebeswa rinogona kushandiswa nenzira yakakodzera kunonotsa kana kuti kumisa mutemo kupfurikidza nemonicbuster, kunyange zvazvo kurukurirano inogona kupedzwa kupfurikidza nevhota rinoda vasarudzi 60.

Kana bhiri racho rangosvika pauriri, panenge pane imwezve nharo uye nhengo dzedare rinovhota kuti dzitendere kugadziriswa kupi nokupi. Mutengo wacho unopfuudzwa kana kuti kukundwa nenhengo dzinovhota. Kana mutengo wacho unopfuura nevoruzhinji (218 ve435), bhiriti racho rinoendeswa kuDare.

Danho 5: Kufunga Nedare Rechipiri

Apo Imba kana kuti Dare rinopfuudza mutezo, unonongedzerwa kune imwe kamuri, umo inowanzotevera nzira imwe cheteyo nomumatare uye pakupedzisira kuuriri. Iyi kamuri ingatendera mutero sewagamuchirwa, kuuramba, kuufuratira kana kuti kuuchinja. Kurangarirwa kwechikamu chechipiri kwemutengo wacho kwakakwana kungofanana nokwekutanga, nehwirudzuro yedare, kunzwa, kurumbidza, uye shongwe yenhurikidzwa zvose zvinobvira kuitika zvakare.

Kugadzwa kwomutemo nguva dzose kunoda kuti makamuri ose ari maviri abvumirane zvakaparadzana kumutemo mumwe chetewo muchimiro chimwe chetecho pamberi pokuupa kuna Purezidhendi. Ichi chinodikanwa chebvumirano yebudamal chinobatira sechekeso inokosha mumuitiro wemitemo, kuvimbisa kuti mutemo iwoyo unowana kutsiviwa kwakakwana kubva mumifungo mizhinji.

Danho 6: Kugadzirisa Misiyano Iri Pakamuri

Kana Dare rikachinja mutauro wechiyero, rinofanira kudzokera kuImba nokuda kwokubvumirana kana kuti chinjo dzakawedzerwa. Uku kutaurirana kwokudzokera shure nokuwedzera kungaitika pauriri hweImba, Imba ichigamuchira kana kuti kuramba Dare kugadziridzwa kana kuti rugwaro rwakakwana rweDare. Dzimwe nguva makamuri anogona kupedza misiyano yawo kupfurikidza nokutsinhana uku kugadziridzwa, uye imba imwe ichigamuchira chinjo dzeimwe.

Iri boka richapedza misiyano iri mudare roshuma mwero wakafanana wokudzokera kumitumbi yose iri miviri nokuda kwokuvhota.

Matare esangano anounganidza mitezo yavakuru inobva mumatare akakodzera ari mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri kuti akurukure shanduro yemitemo inobvumiranwa. Uku kutaurirana kunogona kuva kwakaoma uye kunokakavadzana, zvikurukuru pamutemo mukuru umo makamuri maviri akapfuudza shanduro dzakasiyana zvikuru. Kana dare remusangano rangosvika chibvumirano, pamutemo wokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira unodzorerwa mukamuri dzose dziri mbiri nokuda kwetendero yokupedzisira.

Danho 7: Kuita Mutungamiriri wehurumende

Kana vose vari vaviri imba neDare vatendera mutemo wakafanana, mutevedzeri unotumirwa kuPurezidhendi kana Purezidhendi akatendera mutemo, unosainwa ndokuva mutemo. Chisaini chaPurezidhendi chinoshandura mutemo kuva Mutemo weCongress, uchiupa simba romutemo muUnited States yose.

Kana Purezidhendi akasaita chiito kwamazuva gumi apo Congress inenge iri murusando, mutongo wacho unova mutemo. Iyi gadziriro inodzivisa Purezidhendi kudzivisa mutemo unodzivisa kupfurikidza nokungoramba bedzi kuita chiito pauri. Zvisinei, purezidhendi angapa mutemo pamugumo porogiramu yedare kupfurikidza nokungoufuratira. Kurukurirano yacho inozivikanwa seveto, uye haigoni kushatiswa neDare rakavakirirwa.

Kana Purezidhendi akashora mutongo wacho, vangapa mutongo. Apo Purezidhendi anodzosera mutemo, mutongo unodzoserwa kuDare neshoko rinotsanangura kuramba. Simba rokupa mutemo rinogona kutapura zviri muzvinenge zviripo zvezvikwereti zvinopfuudzwa neCongress. Sezvo kusiri kwechienzi zvikuru kuti mutemo uitwe pamusoro pechiteshi chapurezidhendi, Congress zvikurukuru inofanira kuwirirana nechimiro chapurezidhendi pamiitiro inokarakadzwa.

Nhano 8: Kukwidza Mutungamiriri weHurumende

Kana Purezidhendi akaisa mutongo, Congress angaedza kukurira dare. Kana vose vari vaviri Dare neImba zvikapfuudza mutongo wacho nevoruzhinji vaviri nezvitatu, chirevo chaPurezidhendi chinenge chatototodzorwa, uye mutemo wacho uchiva mutemo. Ichi chinodikanwa chikuru chinoita kuti vhato ive isingawanzowaniki, sezvainoda tsigiro huru yebhipartishani.

Zvisinei, kashoma kuti Congress ive nezvivhoti zvokukurira mutungamiriri wehurumende. Chikumbaridzo chakakwirira chokukunda chinoreva kuti Mapurezidhendi anogona kuvhara mutemo nenzira inobudirira kutoti une tsigiro huru mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Ikoku kunopa Purezidhendi pesvedzero huru pamuitiro womutemo, kunyange zvazvo Congress ine simba guru rokuita mutemo.

Basa Remasangano Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Muchiito Chomutemo

Chiito cheCongress chinorongwa uye chinodzorwa nevakuru vebato muimba imwe neimwe, avo vakasarudzwa nemitezo yecaucus yavo vamene kana kuti musangano. Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika anoita basa rinokosha mukuronga Congress nokuumba purogiramu yemitemo. Voruzhinji muboka rimwe nerimwe rinodzora dare ravakuru vakuru, vanogadza rudungwe rwemitemo, uye vane pesvedzero huru pamusoro pezvikwereti zvinogamuchirwa.

Mukurukuri anoshanda somutungamiriri weimba uye mabasa akawanda okutungamirira. Mukurukuri wacho ndiye wechipiri pakutonga kwedare uye paPureacher weImba uye ane simba pamitemo, kusanganisira chiremera chokuziva nhengo dzokutaura, kunyora zvikwereti kumatare, uye kudzora Dare Rinodzora.

Vatungamiriri vazhinji navatungamiriri vashoma vanomirira mapoka avo akasiana pauriri hweimba. Vatsigiri vanobatsira mutungamiriri mukutungamirira gadziriro yewirogioti yebato ravo pauriri hweImba. Ava vatungamiriri vanoshanda kuvaka bvumirano mukati mebato ravo, kuverenga mavhoti, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitezo yebato iripo nokuda kwamavhoti anokosha.

MuDare, utungamiriri hunoshanda nenzira yakati. Nepo kune Mutungamiriri weMajorith neMutungamiriri weMinosia, vatenzi vamwe navamwe vanochengeta kuzvimirira kukuru nesimba ravo kupfuura vagari veimba. MuDare, vatungamiriri vazhinji navashoma vanowanzoshanda pamwe chete mukubvunzana nemitezo yose kusarudza rudungwe. Ichochi chinoratidzira tsika dzeDare dzakabatana zvikuru nedzemunhu oga.

Gadziriro yeDare: Uko Basa Chairoiro Rinoitika

Mumakamuri ose ari maviri, yakawanda yeunyanzvi hwemitemo iri mumatare akamira, mapoka emitezo anotungamirira chaizvoizvo mukuvamba nokuyera mutemo unokarakadzwa mukati memitemo yakajeka. Matare anobatira semabhiza eCongress, achiitisa kunzverwa nokunatsiridzwa kwomutemo kwakakwana uko kwaizova kusingabviri pauriri hwekamuri rakazara.

Migove yemakomiti inotsvakwa zvikuru nenhengo dzeDare, sezvo ichipa mikana yokuchinja maitiro panyaya dzinofarirwa nomunhu mumwe nomumwe kana kuti dzinokosha kuvanhu vanobatanidzwa.

Dare rimwe nerimwe rine tarisiro pamusoro penharaunda dzakati dzemitemo, uye zvikwereti zvinonongedzerwa kumatare akavakirwa panhau yawo. Mamwe amatare ane simba zvikurusa anobatanidza Dare reImba Nzira nereMaziro neDare reMari reDare reHurumende (rinobata nemitemo yemitero nemari), House neDare reSamende (rokudzora kushandiswa kwemari nehurumende), uye House Rulesment Committee (uko kunosarudza kuti zvikwereti zvicharangarirwa sei pauriri hweImba).

Matare anotonga nyaya kuti aunganidze mashoko uye kuti apupurire kubva kunyanzvi, vakuru vakuru vehurumende, uye vamwe vapari vedare vanofarira vanoshandisa zvinangwa zvakawanda: anodzidzisa nhengo dzematare nezvenhau dzakaoma kunzwisisa, anopa vanhu nzvimbo yemaonero akasiyana - siyana, anoita chinyorwa chinogona kushandiswa kutsanangura chinangwa chemitemo, uye anobatsira kutsigira kana kuti kushora mutemo unokarakadzwa.

Basa raPurezidhendi Mugadziriro Yomutemo

Kunyange zvazvo Bumbiro Remitemo richiisa masimba ose emitemo muCongress, Purezidhendi anoita basa rinokosha mukuumba purogiramu yemitemo uye kupesvedzera zvikwereti zvinova mutemo.

Purezidhendi anorumbidza bhajeti yegore negore yamasangano ehurumende uye kazhinji kazhinji inokarakadza mutemo. Hurukuro yaPurezidhendi weUnion, yakapiwa gore negore kurusando rwakabatana rweCongress, inoronga nenzira yegamuchidzanwa zvinhu zvokutanga zvemitemo zvehurumende nokuda kwegore riri kuuya. Mapurezidhendi anoshandawo zvikuru navatungamiriri vesangano vanobva mubato ravo kufambisira mberi purogiramu yavo yemiitiro.

Simba raPurezidhendi rinobatira sechenjero ine simba pachiito chesangano. Nemhaka yokuti kupfuudzira vhoti mbiri-tatu mumakamuri ose ari maviri, vaPurezidhendi vanogona kuvhara nenzira inobudirira mutemo kutoti une tsigiro huru yebhiparti. Izvozvi zvinoreva kuti Dare rinofanira kutaurirana naPrezidhendi ndokugarisa itiro hanya dzevakuru vakuru pakugadzira mutemo mukuru.

Mapurezidhendi anopesvedzerawo mutemo kupfurikidza netyisidziro yeveto. Apo Home inopa Gwaro rePurezimente Policy inoratidzira kuti Purezidhendi aizobudisa mutongo muchimiro chayo chazvino, Dare kazhinji kazhinji rinoisa mutemo kukurukura itiro dzaPurezidhendi ndokudzivisa kudzorwa. Iyi kurukurirano yamasanga inobvumira Purezidhendi kuumba mutemo pasina kushandisa nenzira yapamutemo simba reveto.

Marudzi Ezviito Zvemitemo

Mitemo ingava imwe yezvimiro zvinoverengeka, zvichitsamira padonzo rakarongerwa. Mabhiri nezvisarudzo zvakabatana zvingava mutemo kana zvikatangwa mukati meCongress yamakore maviri umo yakasumwa. Kunzwisisa marudzi akasiyana - siyana emipimo yemitemo kunobetsera kujekesa kuti Congress inoita sei bhizimisi rayo.

Mabhiri

Mabhiri imitemo mukuita. Mutemo watinokarakadza zvikurusa unotangwa somutongo. Mabhiri anogona kutaura nhau ipi neipi muchiremera chebumbiro remitemo reCongress uye, kana apfuudzwa namakamuri ose ari maviri ndokusainwa naPurezidhendi, iva mutemo wavose. Zvikwereti zveimba zvinosarudzwa kuti H.R. zvinoteverwa nenhamba, nepo zvikwereti zveDare zvichiteverwa nenhamba.

Zvisarudzo Zvakabatanidzwa

Zvikarakadzo zvizhinjisa zvemitemo zvinotangwa semabhiri, asi zvimwe zvinosumwa sezvisarudzo zvinobatira pamwe pakati paiviri, kunze kwezvisarudzo izvozvo zvingagona kubatanidza kuvamba asi mabhiri hazvisati. Zvisarudzo zvakabatana mutoo wenguva dzose unoshandiswa kukarakadza kugadziriswa kwebumbiro remitemo kana kuti kuzivisa hondo. Kufanana namabhiri, zvisarudzo zvinobatanidzwa zvinoda kupfuura namakamu ose ari maviri netendero yapurezidhendi (kunze kwedzongedzoro dzamabhishopu, idzo dzinoda kusimbiswa namarusaini matatu ezvigaro zvehurumende panzvimbo pesita yapurezidhendi).

Zvisarudzo Zvinowirirana uye Zviri Nyore

Zvisarudzo zvinopfuudzwa (zvichipfuudzwa nedzimba dzose dziri mbiri) nezvisarudzo zvakapfava (zvichipfuudzwa neimba imwe bedzi) hazvina simba romutemo. Panzvimbo pezvo, zvinobatira kutaura murangariro weCongress, kana kuti kudzora muitiro. izvi zvisarudzo zvinoshandiswa nokuda kwenhau dzinotapura kushanda kweCongress pachayo, zvakadai sokugadza matare anobatana, kugadza misi yokuwirirana, kana kuti kutaura murangariro wedare panhau dzakasiana - siana.

Nzira Iyo Vagari Vanogona Kutora Nayo Rutivi Mumuitiro Womutemo

Kunzwisisa kuti ungashanda sei zvinobudirira nevamiririri vako kunogona kubatsira kuti inzwi rako rinzwiwe panhau dzine chokuita newe.

Kuonana Nevamiriri Vako

Nzira yakananga zvikurusa yokupesvedzera nayo mutemo iri kupfurikidza nokuonana navamiriri vako vakasarudzwa. Unogona kudana, kunyora, tsamba, kana kuti kushanyira mahofisi evamiriri vako uye mumiriri kuti ataure mirangariro yako pamusoro pomutemo unomira kana kuti kukarakadza mifungo yemitemo mitsva. hofisi dzeCongregation translations uye kurangarira apo unoita zvisarudzo pamusoro penzira yokuvhota nayo.

Pakuonana navamiriri vako, iva akananga pamusoro pepepa ripi kana kuti nhau yauchataura nezvayo, taura zvakajeka chimiro chako, uye tsanangura kuti nhau yacho inotapura iwe pachako kana kuti nzanga yako. Nhau dzomunhu oga netapuro dzomunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji dzinonyengetedza zvikuru kupfuura mapfundo adzo okutaura.

Kupupurira Pakutonga Kwedare

Matare eCongress anowanzotonga vanhu vose apo vagari vemo, nyanzvi, uye vamiririri vemhosva vanogona kupa uchapupu pamutemo unokarakadzwa.

Kushanda Nemasangano Ane Urongwa Hwokuvaka

Masangano akawanda okunyengera anoshanda kupesvedzera mitemo panhau dzakati.Kukumbanira kana kuti kutsigira aya masangano kunogona kuwedzera inzwi rako ndokukupa mashoko pamusoro pomutemo unomirira, mikana yokuita chiito, uye batano navamwe vagari vemo vanogoverana itiro hanya dzako.

Kuramba Uchiziva

Pawebsite yeCongress, yehurumende ine mashoko akakwana pamusoro pomutemo wose wehurumende, kusanganisira mashoko emitemo, nzvimbo, mabasa edare, uye mapepa okuvhota.

Chokwadi Chomuitiro Womutemo

Kutaura zvazviri, mabhiri akawanda haasati achizotevera nhevedzano yematanho esangano anowanzonzwisiswa kuva anoita gadziriro yemitemo.Mitambo pamisoro yakati inotevera inopa kunzvera kune udzame zvikuru kumwe nokumwe kwenhano dzinozivikanwa navose umo muromo ungafamba, asi rangarira kuti zvinetso nemisiyano zvinoshandiswa zvakawanda.

Nepo rondedzero yebhuku yekuti bhiri rinova sei mutemo inogovera gadziriro inobetsera, zvomene kazhinji kazhinji zvakaoma zvikuru uye isingadeyi kuonwa. Mabhiri anogona kugadziridzwa zvikuru panhambo ipi neipi, akabatanidzwa nemimwe mitengo, yakabatanidzwa sedzoreso kumutemo usina batano, kana kuti kupfuudzirwa kupfurikidza nemiitiro chaiyo.

Muitiro wemitemo unogona kuva unononoka nokukangaidzika, nemitero pane dzimwe nguva ikatora makore kufambisa muCongress. Uku kumhanya kwamaune kunoratidzira vavariro yavagadziri vemiitiro inoda kurangarira kungwarira chiito chokukurumidzira. Nhambo dzakawanda dzehwirudzuro, chinodikanwa chebvumirano yebhidamal, uye bviro yedare rapurezidhendi vose inobatira senzvero mukurwisana nomutemo usingafadzi kana kuti wakanyanyisa.

Mabhiri anowanzova mazana emapeji akareba, akazara nomutauro wakanyorwa uye nounyanzvi kumutemo uripo. Mutemo chaiwo wemitemo ungasarudzwa mumatare kana kuti kurukurirano dzedare redare redare rinogamuchira ngwariro shomanene.

Kuongorora uye Dzikamo Zvinoshanda

Imwe yedziviriro dzinoshanda zvikurusa dzenzira yehurumende yeAmerica youpenyu ndeiyi muitiro womutemo nesimbiso yawo padziviriro yavashomanene, ichibvumira banza rakakwana kumativi ose kuti anzwiwe ndokuita kuti mirangariro yavo izivikanwe.

Gadziriro yomutemo inobatanidza nheyo yecheki nedzikamo izvo zvinokosha kuhurumende yeAmerica. Chinodikanwa chebvumirano yebhimeyal chinovimbisa kuti mutemo unofanira kugutsa zvose zviri zviviri imba yakavakirwa pavagari vemo neDare rakavakirwa pahurumende. Simba raPurezidhendi rinopa cheki kubva kubazi guru, nepo mano eCongress okukunda mabhishopus anochengeta chiremera. Matare anogona kuhwirudzura mitemo yakagadzwa nokuda kwemitemo, kugovera nzvero yomutemo pazvose zviri zviviri Congresssion naPresident.

Kuongorora uku uye kudzikamisa zvinhu kunogona kuita kuti mutemo ushatise uye unonoke, asi kunobatira zvinangwa zvinokosha.

Kukosha Kwokutarisira Musangano

Kupfuura kugadzira mitemo, Congress inoita basa rinokosha mukutarisira bazu guru nokuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo inoshandiswa zvakanaka.Congress yakaita nzvero dzekusashanda zvakanaka kwebazu — uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo munzanga yeAmerica (kubvira muna 1792). Kudikanwa kwokunzvera kwedare kunoramba kuri chinhu chinokosha mukudzivisa hurumende nokudzidzisa vanhu.

Matare eCongregational anotarisira nyaya kuti aongorore kuti masangano makuru ari kushandisa sei mitemo, anoongorora kupomera kwokusazvibata kana kuti kurasa, uye anoongorora kana mapurogiramu ari kuita zvinangwa zvawo.

Simba reCongress rechikwama chinopa mumwe mutoo unokosha wokutarisira. Kupfurikidza nepurogiramu yegore negore yekurukurirano, Congress inogona kutusa kana kuti kuranga masangano akavakirwa pakushanda kwawo, kudzosera mari kuzvinhu zvakasiana - siana, kana kuti kuisa migariro pamashandisirwe emari. Iyi pesvedzero yemari inopa Congress pamibato yavakuru.

Kunzwisisa Mufananidzo Wako

MuAmerica mumwe nomumwe anomirirwa nemitezo mitatu yeCongress: vamiririri vaviri vanomirira nyika yavo yose, uye mumiririri mumwe anomirira ruwa rwavo rwakati rwemasangano.

Mumiriri wako muImba anosarudzwa makore maviri ari ose uye anoitirwa kuva anogamuchira zvikuru itiro hanya dzomunzvimbomo nefariro. Nemhaka yokuti maruwa edzimba maduku zvikuru (anotarisira vanhu vanenge 760 000), hofisi yomumiriri wako inofanira kuva inosvikika uye inogamuchira itiro hanya dzavane chokuita navo.

Vanatevedzani vako vaviri vanotora mashoko egore rechitanhatu uye vanomirira nyika yako yose.

Vamiririri vose vari vatatu vanochengeta mahofisi muvose vari vaviri muWashington, D.C., uye munyika yako kana kuti ruwa. Vazhinji vanoita misangano yenguva dzose yehoro yetaundi kana kuti maawa ehofisi apo vakwanyina vanogona kusangana navo kana kuti vashandi vavo kukurukura nhau nezvinonetsa. kushandisa iyi mikana kunogona kukubetsera kunzwisisa zviri nani gadziriro yomutemo ndokuita kuti inzwi rako rinzwiwe.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwezvirongwa Zvemisangano

Miitiro yeCongress yakashanduka - chinja zvikuru pamusoro penhau yenyika, kuchinjira kumigariro inochinja nepo ichichengeta gadziriro huru yakagadzwa neBumbiro reMitemo. Gadziriro yedare, zvimiro zveboka zvoutungamiriri, uye mitemo mizhinji yemiitiro yakatangwa kupfurikidza nokushandisa uye muenzaniso panzvimbo pemurairo webumbiro remitemo.

Mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya, muitiro wemitemo wazova wokuparadza kukuru, vatungamiriri vebato vachishandisa udzori hukuru zvikuru papurogiramu nemitezo yenzvimbo nedare vane mabanza mashoma okupesvedzera mutemo kupfurikidza nedzoro revhu. Kushandiswa kweamnibus mabhiri nejekiseti dzemitemo dzinobatanidza gadziriro dzakawanda dzakasiana - siana (*) kwazova kwakakurumbira zvikuru, pane dzimwe nguva kuchikuita kuve kwakaoma kuwana muuyo wakazara wemitemo.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwaita kuti muitiro wemitemo ujeke zvikuru uye usvike kuvagari vemo. Social congress inopa mashoko chaiwoiwo pamusoro pomutemo, kutonga kwedare kunowanzova kuratidzwa, uye zvinobudisa nhau zvinobvumira kurukurirano yakananga pakati pevamiririri navamiririri. Izvi zvinoitika zvinogona kuwedzera kuvimbisana kwevagari vemo uye kuita kuti Congress ive inozvidavirira zvikuru kuvanhu.

Kutora Nzvimbo Huru Dzokunzwisisa Dare

  • Bicameral Programme: Congress ine makamuri maviri(Imba yaVamiririri neDare) imwe neimwe ine mabasa akasiyana, masimba, uye miitiro inofanira kushanda pamwe chete kugadza mutemo.
  • Kommittee System: Basa gurusa remitemo ine udzame yokunzvera nokunatsa rinoitika mumatare, umo mitezo inotanga unyanzvi uye vanhu vane mabanza okugovera mubato kupfurikidza nokunzwa.
  • [[FOLT:0] Mitule Stages: Mabhiri anofanira kupfuura napanhambo dzinoverengeka mumakamuri ose ari maviri, kubatanidza sumo, hwirudzuro yedare, kurukurirano youriri, uye chikamu chokupedzisira, asati atumirwa kuMutungamiriri wenyika.
  • Basa reProfinities: Apo Congress inoita simba guru rokuita mutemo, Purezidhendi anopesvedzera mutemo kupfurikidza nezvikarakadzo zvemari, rumbidzo dzemiitiro, uye simba reveto.
  • Mipimo nedzikamo: Chinodikanwa chebvumirano yebidamal, tendero yapurezidhendi, uye bviro yokuhwirudzura kwokutonga zvinovimbisa kuti mutemo unowana rangariro yakakwana uye unodzivisa pfundo ripi neripi risingadzorwi.
  • Chinotanhamarisa Kutora rutivi: Masangano anogona kupesvedzera muitiro wewirovhiti kupfurikidza nokuonana navamiriri, kupupurira pakutongwa, kushanda namasangano ekodzero dzapamutemo, uye kuramba achiziva pamusoro pomutemo wakamirira.
  • Misiyano yoUkuru:[[FT:1] Imba inoshanda nemiitiro yakarongeka zvikuru inobvumira voruzhinji kuita nokukurumidza zvikuru, nepo mitemo yeDare ichitendera kurangarira ndokupa mitezo mimwe nemimwe simba rinokosha.
  • Muitiro usingapikirwa: Pachine gadziriro yavose yekuti zvikwereti zvinova sei mitemo, nzira chaiyoiyo ipi neipi inotora muromo inogona kusiana zvikuru yakavakirwa parangariro dzezvamatongerwe enyika, nguva, uye nhau chaidzo dzinobatanidzwa.

Zviwanikwa Zvokudzidza Zvakawanda

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro peCongress uye muitiro wokuita mitemo, zvinhu zvakaisvonaka zvinoverengeka zvinowanika:

  • .gov: Website yapamutemo nokuda kwamashoko ehurumende emitemo, kugovera rugwaro rwebhiriti, gadziridzo yemashoko edare, uye zvinyorwa zvokuvhota.
  • [[FOLT:0][[FLT] Imba.gov: Website yapamutemo yeImba yaVamiriri yeU.S., namashoko pamusoro pavamiriri, matare, uye miitiro yedzimba.
  • [[FLT] .gov: Website yepamutemo yeDare reU.S., ichigovera mashoko pamusoro pevatenator, matare, uye miitiro yeDare.
  • USA.gov: shopu yesangano rehurumende yehurumende, kupa mashoko pamusoro pamativi ose ehurumende kubatanidza nzira yokuonana nayo navamiriri vako.
  • C-SPAN: Inogovera tsinhirano mhenyu yezvinoitika zvemisangano, kutonga kwedare, uye zvimwe zvinoitika zvehurumende, zvichibvumira vagari vemo kutarira muitiro womutemo uri kushanda.

mhedziso

Kunzwisisa kuti Congress inokumirira sei uye kuita mitemo kunokosha kuti uve mugari wemo achiziva uye akavimbisana. Nepo muitiro wemitemo ungaratidzika kuva wakaoma uye pane dzimwe nguva uchikangaidza, kunoratidzira gadziriro yokungwarira yegadziriro inodzikamisa fariro dzinokwikwidzana, inodzivirira maruramiro evoruzhinji, uye inovimbisa kurangarira kwakakwana mitemo isati yaitwa.

Chivako chebimeral cheCongress, chine misha yayo yakasiana neDare, chinovimbisa kuti mutemo unofanira kugutsa zvose zviri zviviri kuiswa pasi pevagari vemo nekwakavakirwa hurumende. Gadziriro yedare inobvumira kunzvera kwakakwana zvikarakadzo uye inogovera mikana yokuisa paruzhinji. Chinodikanwa chetendero yapurezidhendi chinowedzera kumwe kudzokororwa, nepo mano eCongress okukunda mavetoes anochengeta ukuru hwemitemo.

Somubatanidzwa, une zvose zviri zviviri maruramiro nomutoro wokutora rutivi muuyu muitiro. Kupfurikidza nokugara uchiziva pamusoro pomutemo unomirira, kuonana navamiriri vako kuti vataure mirangariro yako, uye kubatanidzwa mumuitiro wedemocracy, unogona kubetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti Dare rinomirira zvirokwazvo fariro dzako neitiro hanya. Muitiro wemitemo ungava wakaoma, asi unoramba uchigamuchira zvikuru kubatanidzwa nokuvimbisana kwevagari vemo.

Ungave uchiitira hanya pamusoro pokutarisirwa kwoutano, dzidzo, mhoteredzo, chengeteko yenyika, kana kuti imwe nhau ipi neipi, unonzwisisa kuti mitemo inogadzirwa sei inokupa simba rokuva mutsigiri anobudirira wechinjo dzaunoda kuona. Dare inzwi rako muhurumende yehurumende, uye kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa kuti inoshanda sei, unogona kuva nechokwadi zviri nani kuti inzwi rako rinzwiwa.