Table of Contents

Kunzwisisa Mapepa Anosarudzwa Nehurumende: Chivako Chehurumende Yechitongi yeAmerica

Mapepa eFederalist Maper muunganidzwa wenyaya nenhau 85 zvakanyorwa naAlexander Hamilton, James Madison, uye John Jay pasi pezita renhema renyika yose "Publius" kusimudzira kuumbwa kweBumbiro remitemo reUnited States. Aya magwaro anoshamisa anomirira chimwe chezvikamu zvinokosha zvikurusa kuuzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika munhau yeAmerica, achigovera vagari vemo hwindo mundangariro dzaMadziri Akanyorwa nenheyo dzakaumba hurumende yorudzi.

Nokuda kwavagari vemo vazvino uno, kunzwisisa Federal List Papers haisi rovedzowo zvayo yedzidzo. Idzi rondedzero dzinopfuurira kupesvedzera kududzira kwebumbiro remitemo, kuzivisa pamusoro pebasa rakafanira rehurumende, uye kugovera mashoko anokosha kuti vanzwisise kodzero nemitoro zvinorondedzera kuva mugari weAmerica. Kana uri mudzidzi, mudzidzisi, nyanzvi yapamutemo, kana kuti mugari wemo akapinzwa pamutemo, Federalist Papers inopa nzwisiso dzinova nedzikamo yakakomba pakati porusununguko nenhevedzano, simba rehurumende, uye kodzero dzomunhu oga nedzomubatanidzwa.

Nhoroondo Yacho: Rudzi Rwaiva Pamuchinjikwa

Dambudziko Pasi Pezvikamu Zvokubatanidza

Kuti tinzwisise zvizere Federalist Papers, tinofanira kutanga kunzwisisa mugariro une ngozi wakatarisana neUnited States duku mukupera kwama1780. The Prospers of Confederation, chinyorwa chinodzora chokutanga cheAmerica, chakanga chabvumikisa kuva chisina kukwaniriswa nenzira ine ngwavaira nokuda kwokutarisira zvinhu zvorudzi rutsva. Hurumende huru yakanga isina simba rokusimudzira mari, kudzora kutengeserana pakati pehurumende, kana kuti kuchengeta nhevedzano yavose nenzira inobudirira.

Utera hwetsika ino hwakava pachena zvikuru mukati mezvinoitika zvakadai seShays’s Region muna 1786 - 1787, apo varimi vakashongedzwa nezvombo muMassachusetts vakamukira zviremera zvehurumende pamusoro pezvikwereti nenhau dzemitero. Kusakwanisa kwehurumende kupindura njodzi dzakadaro kwakaratidzira kudikanwa kwokukurumidzira kwegadziriro yakasimba zvikuru yokutonga.

Kokorodzano Yebumbiro reMitemo Nemugumisiro Wayo

Zvakabuda muConvention yeBumbiro reMitemo iyi zvakanga zvisiri kudzokororwa kwenyaya dzeThe Primes of Confederation, sezvakanga zvatarisirwa nevakawanda, asi Bumbiro Remitemo idzva zvachose rairatidza kuti hurumende yakasiyana zvachose.

Bumbiro reMitemo rakakarakadzwa rakakurumidza kumutsa gakava guru. nokukurumidza apo nhume 39 dzakasaina Bumbiro reMitemo rakakarakadzwa muna September 1787, gwaro racho rakaenda kunyika nokuda kwokukwidziridzwa, richiparira gakava rakakomba pakati pe "Féderalists," uyo akada kurangarirwa kweBumbiro remitemo serakanyorwa, uye "Antifederalists," uyo akashora Bumbiro reMitemo ndokudzivisa kupa masimba akasimba zvikuru kuhurumende yorudzi.

Hondo yeNew York

MuNew York, chishoro kuBumbiro reMitemo chakanga chakasimba zvikuru, uye kudzoswa kwakarangarirwa kuva kunokosha zvikuru. Chirevo cheNew York chamasangano nezvemari chakaita kuti kutora rutivi kwaro mumubatanidzwa mutsva kuve kunokosha. Makanga muri muaya umo Alexander Hamilton akafunga nezvenhevedzano yakakwana yenhau kudzivirira Bumbiro remitemo uye kunyengetedza vaNew York kutsigira kutyorwa.

Vanyori: Pfungwa Nhatu Dzisina Kutsarukana Dziri Mupublius

Alexander Hamilton: Simba Rokutyaira

Alexander Hamilton, gweta reNew York uye aichimbova mutungamiriri wemabharaki kuGeorge Washington mukati meHondo yeRevolution, akanga ari muvaki mukuru namasimba okusunda shure kwegadziriro yeFederalist Papers. Hamilton akanyora nhamba 1, 629, 1110, 15-17, 2121, 59761, uye 65-85, achimuita mugoveri mukuru zvikurusa wenhau 51 kuchikwereti chake.

Nhoroondo dzaHamilton dzakanangidzira ngwariro panharaunda dzinoverengeka dzinonetsa: utera hweZvikamu zveConfederation, kudikanwa kwebazu guru, ukoshi hwamasimba omutero womubatanidzwa, uye chimiro chedare. Kunyora kwake kwakanga kune simba uye kwakananga, kunoratidzira kuzvipira kwake kworudo kuumba hurumende yorudzi yakasimba inokwanisa kukwikwidzana pamwero wenyika.

James Madison: Muvambi Webumbiro Remitemo

James Madison, anowanzonzi "Baba weBumbiro reMitemo" nokuda kwebasa rake guru paConvention yeBumbiro reMitemo, akapa rondedzero 29 kumuunganidzwa. Madison akanyora nhamba 10, 14, 1821, 37-58, uye 62-63, achinangidzira ngwariro zvikurukuru pachimiro chehurumende inokarakadzwa uye kuwirirana kwayo nenheyo dzamabumbiro enyika.

Mipiro yaMadison yaibatanidza dzimwe dzenhau dzine pesvedzero zvikurusa uye dzinodudzwa kazhinji kazhinji muunganidzwa wose. Njereso yake huru yerondedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika, yakabatanidzwa nezivo yake amene yefungidziro dzeConstitution yeConstitution, yakaita kuti rondedzero dzake dzive dzine chiremera zvikuru. Madison gare gare aizobatira saPrezidhendi wechina weUnited States uye anogamuchira kuzivikanwa sa "Baba waBill of Rights" nokuda kwebasa rake mukunyora nhevedzano yeMitemo yemitemo.

John Jay: Nyanzvi Yenhau Dzedzimwe Nyika

Jay akanyora nhamba 285 na 64, achigovera rondedzero shanu kumuunganidzwa wacho. Jay akarwara pashure pokunyora ina dzenhauro, idzo dzinoparira mukaha pakati penhauro 5 ne 64. Pasinei zvapo nechikamu chishoma chake mukuwanda, rondedzero dzaJay dzakanga dzine revo, zvikurukuru mukukurukura nhau dzokumwe uye betsero dzemubatanidzwa nokuda kwechengeteko yenyika.

Jay akaunza ruzivo rwokuzviwanira runokosha rwesangano rehurumende kugadziriro yacho, abatira somushumiri kuSpain uye gare gare achiva Mutongi Mukuru wokutanga weUnited States Supreme Court.

Chakavanzika chaPublius

Yakanyorwa naAlexander Hamilton, James Madison, naJohn Jay, Federalist Essays pakuvamba vakaoneka vasingazivikanwi pasi pezita renhema rokuti “Publius. Kuzivikanwa kwavanyori kwakavanzwa kusvikira Hamilton afa muna 1804. Chisarudzo cha"Publius" chakanga chiri chamaune uye chine revo nejerecha − ad Publius Valerus Publiola, muvambi weRiphabliki yeRoma anozivikanwa nokuda kwokuzvipira kwake kuhurumende yeRepublican and matectal remitemo.

Zvakaitawo kuti pave nenzwi rakabatana, zvichiratidza kuti mashoko acho aibva kune mumwe munhu mumwe chete, kwete kuvanhu vatatu vakasiyana.

Kuzivisa Nokuparadzira: Kusvika Vanhu

Nhimbe Yepepanhau

Makumi manomwe okutanga enhau idzi akabudiswa munhevedzano muIndependent Journal, New York Packet, uye Daily Adversitorr pakati paOctober 1787 naApril 1788. Nhau dzakaoneka pamwero unoshamisa, pane dzimwe nguva namapepa akawanda akabudiswa muvhiki rimwe. Chirongwa ichi chechinyorwa chaikurumidza chakaratidzira kurukurirano yenharo nechisarudzo chavanyori kupesvedzera murangariro wavose pamberi pekokorodzano yeNew York.

Mapepanhau ndiwo aiva mushandisi wehurukuro yezvematongerwe enyika, uye kubudisa mumabhuku akawanda kwaiita kuti nyaya dzacho dziparadzirwe zvikuru.

Bhuku Racho

Pepanhau rokubudisa reNew York J. naM.Lean rakazivisa kuti vaizobudisa nhauro 36 dzokutanga sebholoyumu; vhoriyamu iyoyo yakabudiswa pana March 22, 1788, uye yainzi The Federalist Volume 1. Vhoriyamu yechipiri yakabudiswa pana May 28, ine Federalist Nos. 37977 uye Nos. 7885 yaimbova isina kubudiswa.

Asi kuwanda kwemaBhaibheri acho kwakapetwa kanopfuura katatu uye vakawanda vakaparadzirwa sezvipo kuvamwe vaiuya kuConvention yeMitemo uye vamwe vanhu vainyanya kukoshesa basa racho.

Nheyo Dzemitemo Nenharo

Kushanda Munzvimbo Dzakasiyana: Kudzikamisa Simba Renyika Nehurumende

Imwe yemisoro mikuru inopfuudzirwa nomuFederalist Papers ipfungwa yehurumende yakarongwa nehurumende yehurumende yenyika nehurumende. Federallist Nos. 39 ne 51 dzinoratidza nheyo huru dzehurumende neparadzano yamasimba, nechekedzo nedzikamo zviri madikanwa zvakagadzirirwa kudzivisa udzvinyiriri.

Vanyori vacho vakataura kuti Bumbiro reMitemo rakatanga gadziriro yakanga isiri yorudzi chose chose kana kuti yehurumende yose zvayo. Hurumende yenyika yaizova nechiremera chikurusa munharaunda dzakarongwa nenzvimbo dzakati kuti “‘ zvakadai sedziviriro, nhau dzokumwe, uye kutengeserana kwenyika dzenyika (pane nguva nyika dzaizochengeta uchangamire mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Iyi boka rakagadzirirwa kudzivisa kuiswa simba nepo richivimbisa kuti hurumende yenyika ine chiremera chakakwana chokushanda zvinobudirira.

Federalist Papers yakasimbisa kuti iyi tsika yaizodzivirira rusununguko kupfurikidza nokugadzira nzvimbo dzakawanda dzesimba. Kana hurumende yorudzi yaipfuura miganhu yayo, hurumende dzaigona kubatira sechenjero.

Kuparadzana Kwesimba uye Kuchinja uye Kudzikamisa

Nheyo yokuparadzanisa masimba ehurumende pakati pamapazu akasiana-----(*kudzorwa, kutungamirira, uye kutonga) yakanga iri inokosha kugadziriro yeBumbiro remitemo. MuFederalist No. 51. Madison akatsanangura kudikanwa kwecheki nechiyero pakati pamapazu. Iyi rondedzero ine chimwe chezvikamu zvakakurumbira zvikurusa mumabhuku ezvamatongerwe enyika eAmerica: "Kudai vanhu vaiva ngirozi, hapana hurumende yaizova iri madikanwa," Madison akanyora nenzira inowirirana muFederalist 51.

Chibvumikiso chaMadison chakanga chakavakirwa pakurangarira chapachokwadi kwohunhu. Achifunga zvisina tariro nezvevarume vane simba, akarangarira kuti dzikamo yaizobvumira hurumende kuzvitonga, nemhaka yokuti avo vari mudare vaikombamira kuedza kuwana simba pandyiko dzavamwe. Chigadzikiso chakanga chiri kuumba hurumende kuti chishuvo chikurire chinzvimbo, nebazu rimwe nerimwe rine zvose zviri zviviri mutoo webumbiro remitemo nevavariro dzomunhu oga dzokudzivisa kuvhozhokerwa navamwe.

Iyi gadziriro yechekero nedzikamo yaibatanidza miitiro yakadai sechigaro chapurezidhendi pamusoro pomutemo, kusimbiswa kweDare rokugadza sapurezidhendi nezvibvumirano, kuhwirudzurwa kwemitemo nezviito zvokutonga, uye simba rokusatendera. Bazu rimwe nerimwe raizochengeta maruramiro aro negodo, kuchiparira tsinhirano huru yaizochengeta rusununguko nepo richigonesa kudzora kunobudirira.

Chinetso Chechokwadi: Mutungamiriri Wehurumende Nha.

Mune imwe rondedzero dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa, Madison akaramba chitendero chaizivikanwa panguva iyoyo chokuti hurumende yehurumende yehurumende yaingobvira chete kuhurumende duku. Iyi rondedzero zvichida yazova inopesvedzera zvikuru uye inofundwa zvikuru paFederalist Papers, ichichinja rondedzero yezvematongerwe enyika pamusoro poukama huri pakati pehurumende yerepublic nehurumende inodzikira.

Madison akarondedzera boka revagari vemo rakabatanidzwa nechido chakati kana kuti fariro inopesana namaruramiro evamwe vagari vemo kana kuti fariro dzokupedzisira dzenzanga.Akataura kuti zvisakiso zveidi zvakanga zvakavakirwa muhunhu uye zvaisagona kubviswa pasina kuparadza rusununguko rumene. Naizvozvo, chigadzikiso chacho chakanga chisati chiri kudzivisa kuumba mapoka asi kudzora miuyo yawo.

Munyika huru, kufarira zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana kwaizoita kuti zviomere chero boka ripi zvaro kuwana voruzhinji. Kunyange kana ruzhinji rwakadaro rwakaita nzvimbo imwe chete, nyika yacho yaizodzivisa kuronga chiito munyika yose.

Kunyange zvazvo ichiwanzonzi kurwisa mutemo wevakawanda, chaizvoizvo rondedzero yacho inodzivirira zvose zviri zviviri kutsigira nzanga, upfumi, uye tsika dzakawanda uye kuwanda kwevakawanda vanoumbwa nokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira uye kuwirirana.Madison akafungidzira gadziriro yaizoita kuti vanhu vawirirane uye vabvumirane pane zvisina kufanira, vachiita mitemo yaizoita kuti vanhu vafarire zvinhu zvakanaka pane kungova nezvakawanda.

Kudiwa Kwokubatana

Mugadziri weFederal Nos. 1-14 anotaura kuti kupukunyuka kweUnion kunotsamira pahurumende huru kupedza nhau dzakadai sedziviriro, kutengeserana, uye ukama hwenyika. Nhetembo dzapakuvamba munhevedzano dzakanangidzirwa pakuratidzira betsero dzokuchengeta rudzi rwakabatana panzvimbo pokukamuranisa kuva masangano akarongeka kana kuti nyika dzakazvimirira.

Vanyori vacho vakataura kuti mubatanidzwa wakagovera chengeteko patyisidziro dzokumwe, sezvo nyika yakabatana yaigona kuchengeta hondo yakasimba zvikuru uye iripo kuvapo kunotyisa zvikuru munhau dzamarudzi ose.Union yakapfavisawo kutengeserana kupfurikidza nokubvisa miganhu pakati pehurumende uye kuparira misika mikuru, yakavhengana zvikuru.

Zvibvumikiso izvi zvakanyanya kukosha pazvaitaurwa nezvematongerwe enyika okupera kwezana remakore rechi18.Masimba eEurope achiri kungogara aripo muNorth America, uye America yakakamukana yaizova nyore kubatwa zvisina kufanira nokukundwa kune dzimwe nyika.

Bazu Rine Vane Simba: Simba Nokuzvidavirira

Federal Purest N. 70 inodzivirira kudikanwa kwomutungamiriri mumwe (Mutungamiriri) kuti ave nechokwadi chokuzvidavirira nokudzora kunobudirira. Hamilton akataura kuti "kudzorwa mumukuru mukuru" kwakanga kuchikosha kuhurumende yakanaka, kuchigovera dziviriro yenzanga padenho dzokumwe, kutarisirwa kwakatsiga kwemitemo, dziviriro yepfuma, uye chengeteko yorusununguko.

Mutongo wemukuru mumwe chete pane kuti uve mukuru mukuru wevakuru vakuru panzvimbo pezvinoverengeka. Mukuru mukuru mumwe chete angava anosarudza zvikuru uye anokwanisa kuita zvinhu nokumhanya uye kuvanza zvinoda dzimwe nguva munhau dzechengeteko yenyika. Kwaizovawo kunozvidavirira zvikuru, sezvo mutoro usingagoni kuparadzirwa pakati pevamiririri vakawanda. Chibatano chomukuru mukuru wacho chingadzivisa kurwisana kwomukati uye kuoma kwesimba kungatambudza chiremera chehurumende chakakamukana.

Hamilton akataura pamusoro pekudzvinyirira kwevakuru vakuru kupfurikidza nokunongedzera kunzvero dzakasiana - siana pasimba roupurezidhendi: shoko rakaganhurirwa rehofisi, bviro yokusatenderwa, chinodikanwa chetendero cheDare nokuda kwokugadzwa nezvibvumirano, uye simba rokuronga pamusoro pezvibvumirano. izvi zvingadzivisa purezidhendi kuva mambo nepo achibvumira hofisi chiremera chakakwana kuita mitoro yayo yebumbiro remitemo.

Munamato: Guardian of the Constitution

Federal Purest N. 78 inotsanangura basa redare redare noukoshi hwehwirudzuro. Hamilton akataura kuti vatongi vaizova "bazu remhuka" nemhaka yokuti rakanga risina munondo (semukuru) kana kuti chikwama (sechipo chemitemo), asi chisarudzowo zvacho.

Iyi rondedzero yakavanzarika hwaro hwenheyo yehwirudzuro yokutonga — (8) simba rematare rokushayisa simba mitemo inorwisana neBumbiro reMitemo. Hamilton akataura kuti Bumbiro reMitemo raimirira mutemo wapakuvamba wakatangwa navanhu, uye kuti mutemowo zvawo waisagona kuukurira.Vatongi, nokuzvimirira kwavo nounyanzvi hwapamutemo, vaiiswa nzvimbo yakanakisisa yokududzira Bumbiro remitemo uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti mamwe mapazi anoramba ari mukati memiganhu yavo yebumbiro remitemo.

Nyaya yokuzvimirira kwokutonga yakabatanidza upenyu hwevatongi vehurumende (pamberi pomufambiro wakanaka) nedziviriro yemiripo yavo kubva pakuderedzwa. Idzi gadziriro dzaidzivisa vatongi padzvinyiriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika ndokuvagonesa kuita zvisarudzo zvakavakirwa pamutemo neBumbiro remitemo panzvimbo pomurangariro wakakurumbira kana kuti mirangariro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Uku kuzvimirira kwakanga kuchikosha kubasa redare sechenjedzo pamamwe mapazu nomuchengeti wamaruramiro avanhu mukurwisana noudzvinyiriri hukurusa.

Gakava Roudzi Hwezvakanyorwa: Chakavanzika Chenhau

Nepo munyori wenhau 73 dzeThe Federalist rondedzero ane chokwadi chose chose, ufakazi hwaavo vakanyora rondedzero gumi nembiri dzakasara hunopokanidzwa nedzimwe nyanzvi. iyi gakava rakamuka kubva mundandanda dzinorwisana dzakagoverwa naHamilton naMadison pashure pokunge rondedzero dzabudiswa.

Chinyorwa chokutanga chakazaruka cherondedzero yaive yaipiwa naHamilton uyo, mumazuva asati asvika pfuti yake yaiuraya pakupedzisira naAaron Burrr, akapa gweta rake ndaza ino udzame womunyori wenhamba imwe neimwe. Madison haana kukurumidza kupokanidza ndaza yaHamilton, asi akagovera ndaza yake amene nokuda kwechinyorwa cha 1818 Gidheoni cheThe Federalist.

Kusiyana kuri pakati pemazita aya kwakaita kuti nyanzvi dziedze kupedza dzichishandisa nzira dzakasiyana - siyana. Kuongorora kwazvino uno kwemaodha, kubatanidza basa rokupayona naMosseller naWallace muma1960, kwakaongorora manyorerwo emashoko nokusarudza kuti zvisarudzo zvemashoko uye kunyora. Pashure pokuongorora manyorerwo emashoko, kuongorora kunowanzobvumirana kuti rondedzero dzakakanwa dzakanyorwa naJames Madison.

Kunyange zvazvo kupikisana uku kuri kufadza vanyori venhau dzakaitika uye nyanzvi, hakuregi kubatana uye simba reFederalist Papers sebasa rakabatana.

Kutapura Kurasa: Ko Mapepa Anoongorora Akabudirira Here?

Mapepa eFederalist Papers anokurumidza kukurukurwa pamusoro penharo inhau yenhau.

Kuongorora kwakasiyana kwakaitika munyika imwe neimwe, uye rondedzero dzacho dzakanga dzisina kudhindwazve nenzira yakavimbika kunze kweNew York; uyewo, panguva apo nhevedzano yacho yakanga yafambira mberi, chiverengero chakati chehurumende dzinokosha chakanga chatoitendera, somuenzaniso Pennsylvania musi waDecember 12. Panguva apo New York yakava nekokorodzano yayo yokukwidziridza muna June 1788, nyika gumi dzakanga dzatotendera Bumbiro reMitemo, kureva kuti yakanga yatosvitsa chinodikanwa chemaruwa mapfumbamwe nokuda kwokuitwa rabhi.

Kokorodzano yeNew York yakasangana muPoughedgetie muna June 1788 napaJuly 26 yakavhota ichitsigira kukwezvwa nemuganhu muduku wa 30 kusvikira ku 27, nepo Federalist Papers sezvingabvira yakabetserawo kuuyu muuyo, zvimwe zvinhu zvakanga zvine revowo, kubatanidza pesvedzero yomunhu oga yavarwi vakatanhamara veFederals naAnti - Federalis uye chokwadi chezvamatongerwe enyika icho New York yaisagona kukwanisa kuramba iri kunze kwomubatanidzwa uyo wakatobatanidza dzimwe nyika dzakawanda.

Zvisinei, kuyera budiriro yeFederalist Papers zvikurukuru netapuro yadzo yapakarepo pavhoti dzokukweva pasi pemitemo. Nhau dzakabetsera kuumba kurukurirano, dzakagovera pfumo dzouchenjeri nokuda kwavatsigiri veBumbiro reMitemo, uye dzakaita dziviriro hurusa yetsika itsva yehurumende iyo yaizopesvedzera mufungo wezvamatongerwe enyika weAmerica nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvichauya.

Kupindura Kwevairwisana NevaFederari

Vatsigiri veAntifederalist Maper havana kumirira rutivi rumwe rwekurukurirano yenharo. vakabudisa nhevedzano yavo vamene yenhau namabhukwana zvinoshora Bumbiro reMitemo, vachimutsa itiro hanya idzo dzingabvumikisa kuva dzinopesvedzera mukuumba Bill of Rights nekurukurirano dzinopfuurira pamusoro poukuru hwakafanira hwesimba rehurumende.

Vanyori vanorwisana neFedabulast, vachishandisa mazita enhema akadai se "Brutus," "Federal Farmer," uye "Cato," vakataura kuti Bumbiro reMitemo rakakarakadzwa rakaumba hurumende yorudzi iyo yakanga ine simba zvikuru uye iri kure zvikuru navanhu. Vainetseka kuti republic huru yaifungwa naFederation yaizova isingagamuchiri itiro hanya dzomunzvimbomo uye kuti kusavapo kwemitemo yekodzero kwakasiya rusununguko rwomunhu rusina dziviriro kuvhozhokeri dzehurumende.

Vadzivisi vezvokupesana neFederali vakapanikirawo kana hurumende imwe yaigona kudzora nenzira inobudirira nharaunda huru yakadaro yakasiana-- siyana. Vakatya kuti chitsama chamashoko chakafanira nechakafanira nechiremera zvaizogonesa hurumende yehurumende kutora zvishoma nezvishoma masimba akachengetwa kunyika. Varwi vazhinji veAntiferera vakasarudza chibvumirano chingagona kuchengetedza uchangamire hwehurumende ndokuchengeta hurumende iri pedyo navanhu.

Nepo vaAnti-Federalist pakupedzisira vakarasikirwa nehondo yokuparadza, itiro hanya dzavo dzakapesvedzera kutangwa kwomutemo wemitemo yeAmerica. Vimbiso yokuwedzera mutengo wekodzero yakanga yakakomba kukuchengetedza kuiswa kwekodzero munyika dzinoverengeka, uye Simba reThona rakachengetedzwa zvakajeka risina kupiwa kuhurumende yehurumende kana kuti vanhu. Kupesana pakati pechiFederalist neAnti-Fedastrist kunopfuurira kupfuurira kusimbisa nharo pamusoro pekodzero dzehurumende, kodzero dzehurumende, uye ukoshi hwakafanira hwesimba renyika.

Kutsungirira: Mapepa Akarongwa Nevanhu MuAmerica Yazvino Uno

Kududzira Bumbiro reMitemo Nematare

Mapepa eFederalist anowanzoshandiswa nhasi kududzira vavariro dzavaya vanonyora Bumbiro reMitemo. Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi19, Mapes anoongorora akakwirira akawana utanhamari setsananguro dzine chiremera dzeBumbiro reMitemo. Mutongi Mukurusa John Marshall akaadudza munhau dzechiratidzo chakatanhamara dzakadai seMarbury v. Madison (1803) uye McCulloch v. Maryland (1819).

Matare ehurumende nehurumende anopfuurira kunongedzera kuMazita echiNgezi pakududzira gadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo.Vatongi mumativi ose epfungwa vanodudza idzi nhau soufakazi hwokunzwisiswa kwapakuvamba kworugwaro rwebumbiro remitemo.

Zvisinei, kushandiswa kweFederalist Papers mukududzira kwebumbiro remitemo hakuna gakava. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinobvunza kana mirangariro yavanhu vatatu, kunyora kuti vaedzerere panzvimbo pokugovera kurondedzero isina kwayakarerekera, inofanira kupiwa ukoshi hwakadaro mukusarudza revo yebumbiro remitemo. Mutsamba kuna Thomas Ritchie muna 1821, James Madison akataura nezveConstitution kuti "revo yepamutemo yeChishandiso chemari inofanira kutorwa murugwaro pacharwo; kana kuti kana kiyi ichifanira kutsvakwa kune imwe nzvimbo, inofanira kusava mumirangariro kana kuti vavariro dzoMutumbi wakaronga Bumbiro remitemo, asi mupfungwa yakabatanidzwa nayo navanhu muHurumende yavo yakafanana umo rwunofanira kutorwazve. Chiremera chose chaimo charo.

Pasinei zvapo neiyi kurukurirano, Mapepa eFederalist anoramba ari chinhu chinokosha chokunzwisisa Bumbiro reMitemo.

Pfungwa Dzematongerwe Enyika Nedzehurumende

Mapepa echidhipatimendi anoramba achikosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anofunda Bumbiro Remitemo kana kuti uzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika hweAmerica. masayendisiti ezvematongerwe enyika, vezvenhau, uye vazivi venhau dzakaitika vanopfuurira kunyora idzi nokuda kwenzwisiso mumibvunzo yehurumende, mufananidzo, uye ukama pakati porusununguko nechiremera.

Mativi eFederalist Papers, somuenzaniso, anoramba achikosha kunzwisisa mabato ezvamatongerwe enyika azvino uno neboka remhindu. Nzvero yaMadison muFederalist No. 10 yakakarira mativi akawanda edemocracy yenyika yazvino uno, umo mapoka akasiana--------------kasiyana anokwikwikwidzana nokubvumirana kuumba muitiro wavose. Kukurukurwa kwenhau kwemireza, kuranga, uye ngozi dzeudzvinyiriri hwavazhinji zvinopfuurira kuzivisa kurukurirano pamusoro poutongi hwedemocratic.

Mapepa anopawo mifungo inokosha pamibvunzo inopfuurira pamusoro poukuru hwakafanira noukuru hwehurumende.

Dzidzo Yechikwata Nougari Hwomunyika

Nokuda kwavagari vemo vanotsvaka kunzwisisa hurumende yavo nebasa ravo mukati mayo, Federal List Papers inopa dzidzo inokosha. Inogovera nzwisiso muvavariro dzavagadziri vemiitiro yehurumende nedenho dzokudzikamisa simba rehurumende norusununguko rwomunhu oga. Kurava idzi rondedzero kunobetsera vagari vemo kunzwisisa mufungo wokungwarira wakapinda mukuronga masangano ehurumende dzeAmerica nenheyo dzinodzora hurumende.

Mapepa eFederalist anoratidzira kuti Bumbiro reMitemo harina kungoiswa bedzi kubva kumusoro asi rakanga riri muuyo wenharo dzavanhu vose. Nhau dzacho dzinoratidzira chimiro chehurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika iyo iri yakaderera, ine nheyo, uye inonangidzirwa kuzvakanaka zvavose. Munhambo inowanzoratidzirwa nezvamatongerwe enyika zvine ruzha uye kuganhurirwa kwenzvimbo dzakasiana - siana, Federalist Paper inotiyeuchidza nezvebviro yebvumirano yakakomba, yokufunga nemibvunzo inokosha yehurumende.

Kunzwisisa Federal List Papers kunobetserawo vagari vemo kuziva kuti Bumbiro reMitemo rinobatanidza nheyo dzakati dzinogara dzichichinjika nepo dzichiramba dzichichinjika kumigariro inochinja. Zvikamu zvakagadzira gadziriro yakagadzirirwa kutsungirira muzvizvarwa zvose, asi vakazivawo kuti chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chaizoda kududzira ndokushandisa nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo kuzvinetso zvitsva. Mapepa eFederalist Paper anobetsera vagari vemo kunzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri dzikamo nokuchinjika zvakavakirwa mugadziriro yebumbiro remitemo.

Pesvedzero Yenyika Yose

Pesvedzero yeFederalist Papers inotambanukira kupfuura miganhu yeAmerica. Sezvo marudzi kupota nyika akanetseka nemibvunzo yegadziriro yebumbiro remitemo, vazhinji vakatsvaka nhungamiro kuFederalist Papers. Kubatwa kwehurumende kwave kune pesvedzero zvikuru munyika dzinorangarira gadziriro dzehurumende.

Kunzvera kwepepa pamusoro penzira yokuumba nayo hurumende kudzivirira nayo rusununguko apo inogonesa kurukurirano dzebumbiro remitemo dzakazivisa Hurumende mukuvakwa kwehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu. Kukurukurwa kwecherekedzo nedzikamo, kuparadzana kwamasimba, uye ngozi dzechiremera chikuru zvinonzwika navagadziri vebumbiro remitemo vachitsvaka kudzivisa udzvinyiriri uye kudzivirira maruramiro avanhu.

Federal linonzi ibasa rinokosha zvikurusa pagadziriro yehurumende nerondedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika yati yambonyorwa navaAmerica. Uku kunzvera kunoratidzira kwete bedzi revo yenhau yepepa asiwo kushanda kwavo kumibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pokuti vanhu vakasununguka vanogona sei kuzvitonga vamene nenzira inobudirira uye nenzira yakarurama.

Chinhu Chinokosha Chinotaura Kuti Mugari Wose Anofanira Kuziva

Nepo rondedzero dzose 85 dzichibetsera kudzivirira Bumbiro reMitemo kwakakwana, mamwe mapepa akatanhamara nokuda kwoukoshi hwawo chaihwo nepesvedzero:

Hurumende yeRepublicism

Yakanyorwa naJames Madison, iyi nhau inotaura nezvechinetso chemapatuko uye inotaura kuti republic huru yakakodzera zviri nani kupfuura duku kudzora miuyo yayo. Inopa rondedzero yakapfava yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vazhinji iyo inoramba ine pesvedzero musayenzi yezvamatongerwe enyika nemitemo yebumbiro remitemo. Kunzvera kwerondedzero yezvokuronga kunogona kuita kuti vanhu vanzwe vachida zvakanaka kunobatsira kuva nenzwisiso isingaperi mukutonga kwehurumende yedemokrati.

Murongi Wehurumende Nha. 51: Nzvero Nedzikamo

Chiono charo chakakurumbira pamusoro pounhu hwevanhu uye kudikanwa kwehurumende zvinowana tariro chaiyo asi ichiri pamutemo.

Mupepeti Nha. 78: Munamato

Kudzivirira kwaHamilton kuzvimirira kwokutonga netsananguro yehwirudzuro yedare yakatangwa. Nhau yacho inotaura kuti matare anofanira kuva akazvimirira kudzivirira Bumbiro remitemo nekodzero yomunhu oga mukurwisana nomutemo nevakuru vakuru. Pesvedzero yawo inogona kuonwa muzvisarudzo zvenhau zveDare Gurusa uye gakava rinopfuurira pamusoro pebasa rakafanira rematare muhurumende yeAmerica inosarudzwa navanhu.

Murongi Wehurumende Nhamba 70: Chiremera

Chinoitika chaHamilton nokuda kwomutungamiriri mumwe, ane simba chinotsanangura chikonzero nei purezidhendi achifanira kupiwa mumunhu mumwe panzvimbo pedare kana kuti dare. Nhau yacho inokurukura pamusoro poudzvinyiriri hwavakuru vakuru apo ichitaura kuti udzori hunobudirira hunoda utungamiriri hunotonga. Zvibvumikiso zvahwo zvinoramba zvine chokuita nekurukurirano pamusoro pesimba rapurezidhendi nokuzvidavirira.

Mushandi Wehurumende Nha. 39: Chimiro cheRepublican

Madison anoongorora zvinoita kuti hurumende ive republic uye kuti Bumbiro remitemo rinobatanidza sei mitemo yeRepublic inokurukura mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pouchangamire hwakakurumbira nehurumende inomiririra. Tsamba yacho inojekesa kuti nyika dzakavhengana dzakaita sei, ichitsanangura kuti inobatanidza sei nyika nehurumende.

Nzira Yokurava Nayo Mapepa Anorongwa Nhasi

Kusvika Parugwaro

Kurava Mapepa eFederal kunogona kuva kwakaoma kuvaravi vazvino uno. Nhauro dzacho dzakanyorwa nomutoo wakarongwa wehurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika yechi 18, nemitsetse mirefu, nongedzero dzamagamuchidzanwa, uye fungidziro pamusoro pezivo yavaravi yenhau nerondedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Tanga nenhauro dzakakurumbira zvikurusa nedzine pesvedzero — musiyano Federal Federal Nos. 10, 51, uye 78(*) pamberi pokuedza kurava muunganidzwa wose. Idzi rondedzero dzinosuma misoro mikuru nezvibvumikiso zvinodzokororwa mupepa rose. Kudzirava kutanga kunopa gadziriro yokunzwisisa chirongwa chikuru.

Somuenzaniso, verengai rondedzero dzacho pamwe chete pabazi guru, kana kuti vaya vachitaura nehurumende.

Shandisa zvinyorwa zvakanamwa zvinogovera mashoko enhau akapoteredza, tsanangura nongedzero dzakajeka, uye kujekesa zvikamu zvamashoko. Zvinyorwa zvakaisvonaka zvakawanda zvinobatanidza sumo nezvinonyorwa izvo zvinobetsera varavi vazvino uno kunzwisisa zvibvumikiso zvenhau nerevo. Mitengo yapakombiyuta, kubatanidza iyo inobva Lyritary of Congress[, inogovera kuwanwa kwapachena kurugwaro rwakakwana pamwe namashoko anobva shure anobetsera.

Kunzwisisa Nhoroondo

Kunzwisisa zvizere Federalist Papers, kunobetsera kunzwisisa mashoko enhau umo dzakanyorwa. Ziva iwe umene neutera hweMitemo yeConfederation, kurukurirano paConstitution yeBumbiro reMitemo, uye itiro hanya dzakamutswa naVatsigiri veAnti-Federalist. Iyi mamiriro ezvinhu anojekesera chikonzero nei vanyori vakaita zvibvumikiso zvakati uye vakataura zvirambidzo zvakananga.

Yeuka kuti rondedzero dzacho dzakanyorwa sedzinonyengetedza, kwete serondedzero isina kutora rutivi. Vanyori vakanga vachiita nhau yakasimba zvikurusa inobvira yokukwesha, pane dzimwe nguva vachideredza zvinetso zvingabvira kana kuti vachipa kudeya kutaura kune tariro pamusoro penzira iyo Bumbiro reMitemo ringashanda nayo. Kurava manyoro eAnti-Federaris parutivi pe Federalist Papers kunopa mufananidzo wakakwana zvikuru wekurukurirano yemaratiation.

Kubatanidzwa Nenhau Dzazvino Uno

Sezvaunorava, rangarira kuti nharo dzenhau dzinowirirana sei nenhau dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzapanguva imwe cheteyo nebumbiro remitemo. Kunzvera kwaMadison kwamapoka ezvikamu zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvazvino uno namapoka ezvisarudzo kunoshanda sei kumasangano ezvirongwa? Kukakavadzana kwaHamilton pamusoro pesimba ravakuru vakuru kunokarakadza chii pamusoro penharo dzazvino uno pamusoro pechiremera chapurezidhendi?

Uku kubatana kunoita Mapepa anopfuura magwaro enhau — anova magwaro mapenyu anopfuurira kutaura kumibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pokudzora, rusununguko, uye zvakanaka zvakarovedzeka.rondedzero dzinotiyeuchidza kuti zvinetso zvokuzvitonga kwehurumende zvisingagumi, uye kuti uchenjeri hwezvizvarwa zvakapfuura hunogona kuzivisa nhamburiko dzedu timene dzokuchengeta nokuvandudza masangano ehurumende yehurumende yegutsaruzhinji.

Kutsoropodza uye Kuganhurira

Nepo Mapepa Anoongorora Zvezvamatongerwe enyika achichengetwa nenzira yakarurama samabasa makuru emifungo yezvamatongerwe enyika, haana kushaya ganhuriro uye ave achitsoropodzwa kwakasiana - siana mumakore apfuura.

Kutsigira Nyika Nokutsigira Nyika

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinobvisa chimiro chadzo chokuda kutora rutivi nekombamiro yokurerutsa kutora rutivi kwedemocracy, dzichiratidzira kusava nechokwadi kwavamiriri kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yakananga. Vanyori vakaisa pachena kusavimba nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yakachena ndokutsvaka kugadzira masangano aizochenesa ndokunatsa kuda kwakakurumbira kupfurikidza nokumirira nokurangarira. Uku kusava nechokwadi kwokutora rutivi kwakakurumbira kunoratidzira itiro hanya dzavaFrames pamusoro poudzvinyiriri hwavazhinji nekutonga kwenyongori.

Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti uyu murangariro wechiFramers wakatungamirira kukuita muitiro unodzivirira chisarudzo chinoitwa kubva kuudzori hwakakurumbira uye unoparira fariro pavanhuwo zvavo. Sarudzo isina kunanga yeBumbiro reMitemo rapakuvamba yavasarenzi napurezidhendi, pamwe chete neFramers yakaganhurirwa, yakaratidzira chishuvo chokuchengeta hurumende iri kure nezvishuvo zvakakurumbira.

Uranda Nokuparadzwa

Mapepa anodzivisa zvikurukuru kukurukura uranda, pasinei zvapo nehwaro hwahwo hunobvumiraniswa nebumbiro remitemo. Gadziriro dzeBumbiro reMitemo pamusoro pouranda (hwunobatanidza chitsama chezvitatu zveshoko, chitsama chomuranda mupoteri, uye dziviriro yokutengeswa kwomuranda kutozosvikira muna 1808(8) (chinomirira kukundikana kwetsika huru uko Federalist Papers isingapi hurukuro dzakakwana zvakakwana.

Nenzira yakafanana, kurukurirano yamapepa yehurumende yeRepublic neuchangamire hwakakurumbira inorerutsa kubviswa kwavakadzi, vanhu vakaiswa muuranda, uye vamwe mukutora rutivi mune zvamatongerwe enyika. "Isu Vanhu" taikumbirwa muBumbiro remitemo ndokudzivirirwa muFederalist Papers, maererano, chikamu chiduku chavagari vemo. Kunzwisisa ichi ganhuriro inokosha kukurangarirwa kwakakwana kweFederalist Papers negadziriro yebumbiro remitemo yavakadzivirira.

Kukundikana Kunodeya Kutaurwa

Kumwe kwokudeya kutaura kweFederalist Papers pamusoro penzira iyo Constitution yaizoshanda nayo yakabvumikisa kuva isina kururama. Vanyori havana kukarira kukura kwamapati ezvamatongerwe enyika, pasinei zvapo nokunzvera kwaMadison kwounyanzvi kwamapoka. Vakarerutsa kusvika paingawedzera chiremera chayo nokufamba kwenguva. Havana kufanoona kuti kuva mutungamiriri wavafundisi aizochinja sei kuva nzvimbo ine simba zvikuru kupfuura zvavaifungidzira.

Uku kukundikana kunodeya kutaura hakusati hako kuchikosha zvibvumikiso zveMapepa, asi kunotiyeuchidza kuti gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo inobatanidza kusava nechokwadi uye kuti masangano anochinja munzira dzavasiki vawo vasingagoni kukarira zvizere. Bumbiro reMitemo rakatsungirira kwete nemhaka yokuti rakakarira zvakakwana zvinoitika zvose zvomunguva yemberi, asi nemhaka yokuti rakaparira gadziriro yakapfava zvakakwana kuchinjika kumigariro inochinja.

Zvishandiso Zvinoshanda Nokuda Kwavagari Vacho

Kunzwisisa Mapepa Anoongorora Kushanda kunopa betsero dzinoshanda nokuda kwavagari vemo vanotsvaka kupinda muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica nenzira inobudirira:

Kunzwisisa Marongerwo Akaitwa Hurumende

Federalist Papers inogovera tsananguro yakakwana yokuti hurumende yeAmerica yakarongeka sei uye nei ichiva nechimiro chayo.Vagari vanonzwisisa mufungo uripo mukuparadzana kwemasimba, nzvero, uye ganhuriro dzehurumende vakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuyera zviito zvehurumende ndokuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire. Iyi zivo inobetsera vagari vemo kuziva apo masangano ehurumende anenge achishanda seanoitwa uye apo angava achitsauka panheyo dzemitemo.

Kuziva Kuti Kugadzira Zvinhu Kwaikosha

Mapepa anoratidza kuti marongerwo anoitwa zvinhu zvikuru mune zvematongerwe enyika. (nziyo iyo hurumende inosarudzwa nayo, marongerwe anoitwa masimba, zvinenge zvichiongororwa nehurumende, zvinonzi nehurumende zvinogona kuitwa uye zvisingagoni.) Nzwisiso iyi inobatsira vagari vemo kunzwisisa kuti zvinetso zvematongerwe enyika zvinowanzoda mhinduro dzemasangano, kwete kuchinja kwevashandi kana kuti mumiitiro.

Kunzwisisa Nheyo Dzemitemo

Federalist Papers inorondedzera nheyo huru dziri pasi poubati ushe hwehurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji yeAmerica: uchangamire hwakakurumbira, hurumende yakaganhurirwa, kuparadzana kwemasimba, hurumende, uye dziviriro yamaruramiro omunhu oga. Kunzwisisa idzi nheyo kunobetsera vagari vemo kuyera zvikarakadzo nenharo zvamatongerwe enyika. Ko muitiro wakati unoremekedza kukamukana kwebumbiro remitemo ramasimba here?

Kupindira Munharo Dzisina Kuziva

Mapepa anoyeuchidza kubvira kwekurukurirano yenharo huru yehurumende pamusoro penhau yehurumende nepo achitaura nenzira yakakomba nenekuremekedza.

Vagari vakarovedzana neFederalist Papers vakashongedzerwa zviri nani kutora rutivi mukurukurirano dzebumbiro remitemo, dzingava pamusoro poukuru hwesimba ravakuru vakuru, basa rakafanira rematare, ukama huri pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nehurumende, kana kuti dziviriro yekodzero dzevanhu.iyi zivo inogonesa zvikuru kuva mugari wemo anozivikanwa uye anobudirira.

Zvinhu Zvinobatsira Kuti Tirambe Tichidzidza

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kunzvera Mapepa Anoongorora Mabhuku Anofambira Kunzvimbo Dzapasi zvakadzama zvikuru, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinowanika:

Magwaro Okutanga

Mashoko akakwana eFederalist Maphepha anowanika pachena paIndaneti kupfurikidza namanyuko akasiyana - siyana, kubatanidza Library of Congress, Yale Law School Avalon Project, uye Project Gutenberg. Zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvokudhinda zvinowanikawo, zvinobvira pamapepa asingadhuri kusvika kuzvinyorwa zvenyanzvi zvine mashoko akakura.

Imwe shanduro yakanaka zvikuru inosanganisira yakapepetwa naClinton Rossiter, Isaac Kramnick, uye George W. Carey naJames McClellan.

Mabhuku echinaicho

Mabhuku akawanda nenyaya zvinonzvera Federalist Papers nerevo yadzo. Mabasa akadai saDouglas Adair, Martin Diamond, uye David Epstein anopa dudziro dzokunzwisisa dzezvibvumikiso zveMapepa nenzvimbo yazvo mumufungo wezvamatongerwe enyika weAmerica.

Kurava manyoro anorwisana neFederarian kunopa mashoko akapoteredza anokosha nenzvimbo inowirirana neFederalist Papers. Mabhuku eAnti-Federalist anowanika muzvinyorwa zvakasiyana - siyana, kuchigonesa varavi kunzwisisa mativi ose ekurukurirano yezvikwaniriso.

Zviwanikwa PaIndaneti

Constitution Center yerudzi inogovera zviwanikwa zvedzidzo pamusoro peBumbiro reMitemo neMapepa eMadhipatimendi, kubatanidza zviratidziro zvekurukurirano nepurogiramu dzedzidzo. Mayunivhesiti mazhinji namasangano edzidzo zvinogovera makosi nehurukuro pamusoro pemapepa eFederation nenhau yemitemo yeAmerica.

Zvipo izvi zvinowanzobatsira uye kutsanangura zvinhu pazvinobatanidzwa uye zvinoshanda pane zviri kunetsa vanhu mazuva ano.

Mugumisiro: Chikonzero Nei Mapepa Akarongwa Nevanhu Achiri Anokosha

Mazana maviri emakore pashure pokunge yabudiswa, maFederalist Paper anoramba achiverengwa nomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa hurumende yeAmerica nenheyo dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.Nhoroondo idzi dzinopa zvakawanda zvikuru kupfuura fariro yenhau, zvinopa nzwisiso dzinogara muzvinetso zvehurumende yazvitonga uye zvivako zvemasangano zvinodiwa kudzivirira rusununguko uku zvichigonesa kudzora zvinobudirira.

Mapepa eFederalist ane basa kuvagari vemo nemhaka yokuti anotsanangura mufungo nenheyo zviri pasi pamasangano ehurumende yeAmerica.

Mapepa anotiyeuchidzawo kuti hurumende yebumbiro remitemo inoda ngwariro yenguva dzose nebvumirano yavagari vemo. MaFramers akaronga gadziriro, asi chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kushanda kuichengeta nokuivandudza. Nheyo dzakajekeswa muFederalist Papers (uchangamire hunodiwa, hurumende yakaganhurirwa, kuparadza masimba, kunzvera uye ganhuriro, unani hwehurumende ($requirerustism) inopfuurira kududzira nokushandiswa kumigariro mitsva.

Munhambo yokupesana kwezvamatongerwe enyika uye zivo yenyika inoderera, Federalist Papers inogovera muenzaniso wehurukuro yakakomba, yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Pasinei zvapo neiyi tsoropodzo, Federalist Papers inochengetwa segadziriro younyanzvi yenheyo dzehurumende dzinoparwa pasi rehurumende. Dzinomirira kubudirira kwechienzi mumufungo wezvamatongerwe enyika, kubatanidza kurondedzera nouchenjeri hunoshanda.

Hurumende inogona sei kuva nesimba rakakwana kuita mabasa anokosha asi ichingoramba yakaganhurirwa zvakakwana kudzivirira rusununguko?

Iyi mibvunzo inoramba iri inokosha nhasi sezvayakanga yakaita muna 1787 - 788. Federalist Papers haigoveri mhinduro dzakapfava, asi inopa gadziriro yokufunga kupfurikidza neizvi zvinetso nechiyeuchidzo chokuti hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yebumbiro remitemo inoda zvose zviri zviviri masangano akasimba navagari vemo vakapikirwa. Kupfurikidza nokufunda idzi rondedzero, vagari vemo vanogona kunzwisisa zviri nani hurumende yavo, kunzwisisa nheyo dziri pasi pehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica, uye kutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira zvikuru mubasa rinopfuurira rokuzvitonga.

Ungave uri mudzidzi anotanga kuongorora hurumende yeAmerica, mudzidzisi anodzidzisa mitemo, nyanzvi yemitemo inodudzira mashoko ebumbiro remitemo, kana kuti mugari wemo anenge achingoda kunzwisisa kodzero dzako nemitoro, maFederalist Paper anopa nzwisiso dzinokosha. Anotibatanidza kuuchenjeri hwakagadzwa hwechizvarwa uku zvichitidenha kushandisa nheyo dzemitemo yemitemo pamamiriro ezvinhu enguva ino. Nenzira iyi, mapepa eComputerlist anoramba asati ari magwaro enhau enhau asi mabhuku mapenyu anopfuurira kuumba hurumende yeAmerica nokuzivisa kunzwisisa kwehurumende yavo nebasa ravo mukati mayo.