Sumo: Calculus Yezvamatongerwe Enyika Inotsigira Kupindura kweCHOVAD yeJapan ya19

Denda reCovid-19 rakaita kuti hurumende kupota nyika yose dziite zvisarudzo zvekukurumidza, zvakakwirira nokusada kuziva. Kuedza kweJapan kwakaoneka kwete nokuda kwokuisa miganhu yakaoma kana kuti kuedza kukuru, asi nokuda kwokuvimba nokubatanidzwa kwokuzvidira, kudzora kwapamutemo, uye kukwanisa kukurukurirana kwapachena. Iyi yakanga isiri nzira younyanzvi yezvoutano hwevoruzhinji. Hurumende yeJapan yaifanira kufambisa mitemo pamasimba ekurumidziro, gadziriro yezvoupfumi inodzorwa, uye kufambiswa kwehurumende kwavose namakumi amakore enjodzi. Kunzwisisa zvirongwa zvezvamatongerwe enyika zviri pakati pezvoutano hwavose, kuchengeteka, uye kupukunyuka kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwakaumba kuwanda kwenyika. Nyaya iyi inonzvera chisarudzo chehurumende chapakuvamba, uye kugadziridza simba rezve zvemari kupfurikidza nokupfuumbika upfumi kupfuudzoro.

Kugamuchira Kwokutanga uye Kuumbwa kweHurumende: Nhungamiro Yapakati, Kushandiswa Kwenharaunda

Mugariro Wapamutemo Wemhinduro

Chirango chokutanga cheJapan chakavakwa pa2012 Act paMatanho chaiwo nokuda kweMirayiro yePandemic Influenza neNew Infectious Diseases. Mutemo uyu wakagovera hwaro hwapamutemo hwokuzivisa mugariro wekurumidziro, asi hauna kupa hurumende simba rokumanikidza kuisa miganhu kana kuti kumanikidza kugara panzvimbo yazvo. Panzvimbo pezvo, mutemo wakabvumira mutungamiriri mukuru mukuru wehosha kuzivisa mugariro wekurumidziro, pashure pokunge vatongi vehurumende vagona “kuzivisa bhizimisi rekuswedera pedyo navagari vemo kuti vagare. Zvikumbiro izvi zvakanga zvisingateererwi pamutemo; zvakanga zvisingaitwi nenzira youzvizvineidzo. Izvi zvakaratidzirwa nomutemo kubvumiranisa kudzora kwadzoro yazvo kudzokororodza kwadzororo yazvo.

Central-Government Leadershi vs. Prefectral Autonomy

Hurumende huru, yaitungamirirwa naPrime Mukuru Shinzo Abe kutozosvikira muna September 2020 uye ipapo naYoshihihide Suga, yakabudisa nhungamiro dzenyika pamusoro pokupfeka mabhakitire, kuchekerera kwenzanga, uye kuedza zvibvumirano. Zvisinei, kuitwa chaiko kwakapiwa kuJapan 47 profesters. Hurusarudzo imwe neimwe yakagadza masimba ayo amene ebasa, yakagadza mitanho yomunzvimbomo yokuzivisa nyika dzekurumidziro, uye yakagadziridza miraudzo yetsika kumigariro yeruwa. Iri purogiramu yakaisvonaka yakabvumira kuchinjika (kokuti muenzaniso, Tokyo yaigona kudzikamisa ganhuriro apo maruwa Hokkache yaidzisaidzoresa migariro yokuedza yakasiana-ka. zviremera zvakasiana-kasiana-kasiyana - siyana zvakaparira misiyano yakapararira mumhakano yakashu. zvamatongerwe enyika, gadziriro iyi yakabvumira hurumende kugoverana nomutoro mukuru wemitoro, apo yakabvumikisa kusateverwa.

Nzira Yakavakirwa Pakatsvina

Panzvimbo pokuedza kukuru, nzira yapakuvamba yeJapan yakanangidzirwa pakuziva nokuchengeta zvikwata zvehosha. Hurumende yakatungamirira nzvimbo dzezvoutano ( hokenzo ) kuronda zvisungo zvokupfuudza nokuparadzanisa mapoka panjodzi huru. Iyi nzira yakanga yakanaka mune zvamatongerwe enyika nemhaka yokuti yakadzivisa gadziriro yokutarisira utano nokuedza kukuru, uko kwakanga kwakaoma zvikuru uye kuchidhura. Zvisinei, vatsoropote vakarangarira kuti nzira yacho yakatungamirira kukuwana kuderera kwemifungo yenzanga nokunonoka kuzivikanwa. Kuyera kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwakanga kwakajeka: kupfurikidza nezviverengero, hurumende yaigona kuchengeta kudzorwa kwokudzora apo yaidzivisa kuvadziko yemari inoshatsa.

Kushandiswa Kwemasimba Ekurumidziro: Zvematongerwe Enyika Ane Chiremera Chishoma

Mitemo Yebumbiro reMitemo Nokushanda Kwokuzvidira

Bumbiro remitemo reJapan harina chitsama chenhau chekurumidziro, uye hurumende haina simba rapamutemo rokuisa kugarwa kwevagari vemo mumaguta ose kana kuti ganhuriro. Somuuyo, hurumende yeJapan yakavimba nounodokuva chose chose pazvikumbiro zvisingasungirwi (] Yōsei[)) kuvhara zvikoro, kudzima zvinoitika, uye kukumbira vagari vemo kugara pamusha. Uku kwakanga kusiri bedzi kudikanwa kwapamutemo kwemauneicho. Kupfurikidza nokudzivisa zviito zvinomanikidzirwa zvezvamatongerwe enyika, hurumende yakatsvaka kuchengetedza chivimbo chapachena ndokudzivisa zvinetso zvapamutemo izvo zvingagona kusekesa chiremera chayo. Simbiso yo “kudzora kwokuzvidira. Yakaita chirangova chirango chavanhu vose panzvimbo chavanhu panzvimbo yapamusoro pezvinenge.

Nyika Yezvibvumirano Zvenjodzi

Japan yakazivisa mamiriro ezvinhu ekurumidziro kana mukati medenda: muna April 2020 (fungu rokutanga), January 2021 (fungu rechipiri), April 2021 (fungu rechitatu), uye July 2021 (gweta rechina, rinobatanidza neTokyo Olympic). Chiziviso chimwe nechimwe chakabvumira magavhuna ku “kugadzirisa” bhizimisi nokudzorwa kwemitemo, asi pasina zvirango zvezvirango zvevasiri vabati. Chiratidzo chezvamatongerwe enyika chakanga chakasanorongwa noukoshi pasina mutengo wezvamatongerwe enyika wokuisa pasi. Hurumende yakasimbisa kuti izvi zvaiva“ zvigadziko zvekurumidziro nemeno avana vaparuvara, asi mukuwirirana nesimba, asi chaizvoizvo, asi muzvinhu zvokutengeserana zvakasiana - siyana. Zviito zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvakapfuurira kuoneka kwokudzivisa kudzorwa kwemari.

Vatengesi Vezvematongerwe Enyika: Utano hunopesana neupfumi

Mudenda rose, hurumende yeJapan yakatarisana nenyanduko inopfuurira pakati pemipimo youtano hwavanhu nedzikamo yemari. LDP (Liberal Democratic Party) yakanga yavimba negamuchidzanwa netsigiro inobva kumabhizimisi maduku neboka rebasa, izvo zvakakanganisika zvikurusa neganhuriro. Vezvamatongerwe enyika vakanga vachizengurira kuisa matanho aizoparira mabhizimisi aya kuva anobhuroka. Muuyo wakanga uri nhevedzano yemipimo yekurumidziro: migariro mipfupi yekurumidziro, mabhizimisi akaganhurirwa, uye rutsamiro rukuru pamasangano etsika panzvimbo yemirayiro. Iyi zvamatongerwe enyika yakaparira kutsoropodza kurapa kwapa pakuvamba.

Matanho Ezvemari Netsigiro: Stumas Sekupukunyuka Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Mashongwe Akawanda

Japan yakapeta zvinoverengeka zvezvikamu zvikuru zvikuru munyika pamusoro pemari yayo. Pasuru yokutanga, yakaziviswa muna April 2020, yakabatanidzwa ne $1,117 mabhiriyoni (inenge $1,1 mabhiriyoni), ichiteverwa nezvimwe zvipachipa mu2020 na2021. Izvi zvaibatanidza kupiwa kwakananga kwe $100,000 (inenge $950) kuvagari vose, mari kubhizimisi rokuchengeta vashandi, mari inobhadharwa kumabhizimisi maduku neasiri mabhazi, uye mari inowedzerwa mune zvokurapa nayo. Zvematongerwe enyika, matanho aya akagadzirirwa kudzivirira kutsigira tsigiro yavose yeLDP uye kudzivisa kuputsika kwechivimbo. Mazaimari, zvikurukuru, akanga ari munhu anofamba mari yemari nokuda kwokuwana mari shoma, akakumbirwa kudzorwa kunzvimbo dzose dzemari, uye kudzoresariranwa kwehurumende yenzanga dzenzanga, pashure pokucherekedza kudzosera sha nzanga dzenzanga dzenzanga dzenzanga.

Kuenda Kunharo Yokufamba

Imwe yemiitiro yezvemari yakamutsa nharo zvikurusa yakanga iri “Famba Trange”, yakatanga muna July 2020. Purogiramu yacho yakabatanidza zvikuru kushanya kwedzimba, ichifukidza hafu yendyiko yokugara kwehotera nezvokufambisa. Hurumende yakataura kuti yaizomutsidzirazve bhizimisi rinotamburira kufamba nokunyandura upfumi hwenharaunda. Kunyange zvakadaro, nhimbe yacho yakatangwa sezvo zvirwere zvakanga zvichikwirazve, uye nyanzvi dzezvoutano dzakanyevera kuti zvaizowedzera utachiona. Zvirokwazvo, fundo dzakabatanidza nhimberi yacho nemhimbedzo yenhau dzezvematongerwo enhau. Matongerwe enyika, yakaitwa nenzevedzo dzezvifambisoko nedzero zvenzvimbo, izvo zvakanga zvine batana zvakasimba neLDLDP. Hurumende pakutanga yakadzivisa kuiridza runhare kuti zvisarudzodzo dzakaita kuti zvisarukire chipatara chechitatu chipata chapavhuvhu.

Tsigiro Nokuda Kwemabhizimisi Nedzimba

Kupfuura nhimbe dzerwendo, Japan yakatanga migove yemari yakawanda kuti ichengetedze mabhizimisi. Transformation Subsidy yakafukidza 80% yemibayiro yavashandi vakarovha, ichikurudzira mafemu kuti adzivise kubviswa. Iyi purogiramu yakadzivirirawo mari yevashandi asi yakaparira kuvanza kutsiga kwakadzika uko mabhizimisi maduku akachengetwa bedzi mapenyu nokuda kwechikwereti. Kubva kumurangariro wezvamatongerwe enyika, kuchengeta urovha hwakaderera kwakanga kuchikosha nokuda kwechikamu chezvokutarisira zvoupfumi. Hurumende yakagoverawo migove inobhadhanyidzirwa nokuda kwamabhizimisi nemitero yakawedzerwa. Izvi zviito zvakagara zvichitsoropodzwa nokuda kwokuva vagamuchiri vamabhiro, asi zvakabetsera kupfavirira kupfumisa zvamatongerwe enyika.

Kukurukurirana Kwavose Nokutumirwa Kwematongerwe Enyika: Kushandira Pamwe Pasina Kupesana

“ 3Cs” uye Mararamiro Matsva

Gadziriro yekurukurirano yapachena yakavakwa panhungamiro dzakapfava, dzinoyeukwa. Hurumende yakarumbidza “3 Cs” (nzvimbo dzakavharwa, nzvimbo dzakatsvikinyidzana, gadziriro dzepedyo) segadziriro yokudzivisa kutapurwa. Iri shoko rakasimbiswa kupfurikidza nemifananidzo, kutengeserana kweterevhizheni, uye kunyange kutsigira. “New Lifestyle” nhimbe yakakurudzira kushanda pamusha, kupfeka mabhasyisiko, uye kuchengeta daro renyika. Kutumira kwakanga kwakanaka nerevoruzhinji, kwaifadza kumipimo yenzanga yemitoro netsinhiranotsinhirano yeboka. Matongerwe enyika, aya akabvumira hurumende kushandura mimwe mitoro kuvagari vemo.

Kushandiswa Kwenyanzvi Nemisangano Yezvinobudisa Mashoko

Mutungamiriri wehurumende Abe naSuga gare gare vakaita misangano yenhau yaiperekedzwa kazhinji kazhinji nenyanzvi dzinozivisa nhau, zvikurukuru Dr Shigerau Omi, mukuru wedare rehurumende paCHOVID-19. Uku kuoneka kwakabatira kupa kuvimbika kwesayenzi kuzvisarudzo zvehurumende uye kutsoropodza. Nyanzvi dzaiwanzoita rutivi rwakapetwa ruviri: dzakagovera zano rezvounyanzvi asi dzakabatirawo senhoo yezvamatongerwe enyika, dzichirangarira imwe mhaka yezviito zvisingafarirwi. Somuenzaniso, apo hurumende yakanga ichinonoka kumisa nhimberi yokuenda kuForwendo, nyanzvi dzakatarisana nepfuro, nenyanzvi dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzakaramba dzakavakirwa zvikuru kubva mukutsoropodza kwakananga.

Kutarisira mitambo yeOlympic: Kubhejera Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Chisarudzo chokuita maOlympic 2020 muzhizha ra2021 zvichida chakanga chiri denho yekurukurirano inopomerwa zvikurusa mune zvamatongerwe enyika. Hurumende yakasimbirira mitambo yacho yaizova “yakakotsekana uye yakachengeteka,” kunyange sezvo kunzvera kwakaratidza ruzhinji kushora kwaidzoresa mukati medenda. Vatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika, zvikurukuru Mutungamiriri wehurumende Suga, vakaisa kuvimbika kwavo pachinoitika chacho, vachitaurira kuti Olympics yakaratidzirwa kuporateswa kweJapan. Chisarudzo chacho chakasundwa nezvibvumirano zvemari zvikuru uye dzvinyiriro yamarudzi ose kubva kuIOC, uyewo kutyiwa pamusoro pezvinzvimbo zvenyika yeJapan. Hurumende yakazvidza njodzi uye yakasimbisa zvikuru zviito zvinorwisa zvirwere mukati meOlympic. Mitambo yavose yakabatanidza kupararira nokutya kukuru kwazvo, uye yakagovera kurangarira kuoneka kwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende munyika yose.

Zvinetso Nekutsoropodza: Uko Kushandisa Zvematongerwe Enyika Kunokundikana

Kuedza Nokudzora Kunononoka

Kuzengurira kweJapan kunzvera kwakaderera kwakashorwa zvikuru. hurumende yakaganhurira kunzvera PCR kune avo vane zviratidzo kana kuti batano yapedyo, ichidudza ganhuriro nechishuvo chokudzivisa simba nokudzivisa zvipatara zvinokurira. Asi vanzveri vazhinji vakataura kuti muitiro wokuedza wakaganhurirwa wakasundwa nezvamatongerwe enyika wakadzivisa chiverengero chakaderera chenhau yapamutemo pakukwira kwakareruka, uko kungadai kwakamanikidzira zviito zvakasimba zvikuru uye kwakakuvadza tsika dzavose. Muuyo wakanga uri nhambo refu yokusava nechokwadi pamusoro pomwero wechokwadi wedenda yedenda.

Chikara Chinoumba Dhiamond Shona Dabacle

Kubatwa kwengarava yeDaimond Princess muna February 2020, uko vatakurwi vanopfuura 700 vakatapurwa, yakanga iri nyevero yapakuvamba yokukundikana kwebatira pamwe. Chisarudzo chehurumende chokuparadzanisa ngarava mungarava kwamazuva 14 panzvimbo pokuburutsa vanhu chakatsoropodzwa zvikuru sechisarudzo chehurumende chaifuratira nheyo dzokudzora hosha. Zvezvamatongerwe enyika, chinoitika chakakuvadza mukurumbira wamarudzi ose weJapan uye chakasimbisa denho yechisarudzo chakapunzi chakaitwa pakati pehurumende yorudzi nezviremera zvoutano zvomunzvimbomo. Hurumende gare gare gare yakabvuma zvikanganiso asi chinoitika chacho chakaisa mumvuri murefu pamusoro pokuvimbwa kwayo.

Mabhodhoro Anovharwa Nemishonga

Nhimbe yenhomba yeJapan, pakutanga nemhaka yemhinganidzo dzehurumende, kuperevedza kwejekiseni, uye muitiro wokungwarira wetendero, zvakava mutoro mukuru wezvamatongerwe enyika. Pakasvika May 2021, isingasviki 5% yavagari vemo vakanga vagamuchira pfuti imwe, vachiisa Japan kuseri kwamamwe marudzi akabudirira. Hurumende yakatarisana netsoropodzo yakakomba nedzezvinobudisa nhau. Zvezvamatongerwe enyika, kunonoka kwakaparira chinetso nokuda kweMutungamiriri weMinisionamari, uyo akanga avimbisa mitambo yeOlympics yakakotseka. Iye pakupedzisira akanyandura nhizha kupfurikidza naMauto eUlyence kunzvimbo dzakabudirira, idzo dzakasimudzira zvinoshamisa muzhizha ra201. Chinoitika chacho chakaratidzirawo kuti dzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika igoita sei kuti ifambise kubuda mubhurongwiro, asi kushawo kwokutanga.

Kutsoropodza Kuitwa Kwezvisarudzo Zvakaitwa Navo

Pasinei zvapo nechirongwa chakanaka, zvisarudzo zvakawanda zvakarayirwa nenzira inobudirira muTokyo. Magavhuna ehurumende aiwanzoratidzira kukangaidzika nokuyerera kushomanene kwamashoko uye mari kubva kuhurumende yapakati. Makwikwi ezvamatongerwe enyika akaitawo basa: magavhuna aibva kumapoka anoshora (g., Yuriko Koike, weTokyo, uyo akanga akazvimirira) pane dzimwe nguva aitora zviito zvemasimba makuru kupfuura vatungamiriri veLDP kudare revoruzhinji. Aya akaparira nzvimbo yakaoma yezvamatongerwe enyika umo vatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo vaigona kutaura kuti vanobudirira apo vaipomera mhaka huru yehurumende nokuda kwokukundikana.

Kutapura Kufara Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika: Kuchinja Musimba uye Kuvimba Nevoruzhinji

Kuchinja kwaAbe Nekupfupikisa kwaSuga

Shinzo Abe, mutungamiriri weJapan anobatira nguva refu zvikuru, akarega muna September 2020 achidudza nhau dzoutano, asi kubata kwake kwedenda racho kwakanga kwatokuvadza mirau yake yetendero. Mutsivi wake, Yoshihide Suga, akaita basa nevimbiso yokuisa COVID-19. Zvisinei, kubvumira kwaSuga kwakaderera sezvo zviitiko zvechirwere zvakaderera uye kurapa kwakadzika. Kubata kwehurumende yake Olympics nehurumende yechina yekurumidziro muzhizha ra2021 kwakaratidza kuva kwakaipa.Nyamupidhia yakataura kuti haasati aizotsvakazve kunyorwa seP. Chirwerevo chakaumba zvakananga dare reSuga rakaitwa kuti risarira risarukidzwe uye kugadzirirwa kwemiteveripo.

Kuwedzera kwaKisida Negadziridzo Dzemiitiro

Fumio Kisida, uyo akatsiva Suga muna October 2021, akatanga kutevera nzira yokungwarira zvikuru, achidzikamisa miganho nokuwedzera simba rokurapa. Akavimbisawo kusimbisa gadziriro yapamutemo yemhinduro yemurakatira, kubatanidza kurukurirano pamusoro pokuchinja mutemo kuti ipe masimba ekurumidziro akaganhurirwa nenhau yemigariro yekurumidziro yakakomba yakakomba . Hurumende yaKishida yakatungamirira pakupedzisira kuchinja ku “kurarama neCOVOID” mutoo unowedzera muna 2022, denda rinopfuurira pamusoro pekugadziridzwa kwemitemo yemitemo yemitemo nenjodzi muJapan.

Kuvimba Kwavanhu uye Kuchinja Kwemasangano

Dambudziko racho rakakurisa chivimbo chavanhu mukukwanisa kugadzirisa njodzi kweLDP, kunyange sezvo mapoka anoshora akaedza kupa chimwe chinhu chakavimbika. Nzvero dzakaratidza kuti kutenderwa kwedavidzo yedenda rehurumende kwaiderera nguva dzose, kunyange zvazvo LDP yakachengeta kudzora kwayo musarudzo nemhaka youtera hwechishoro. Dambudziko raisimbisa miganhu mugadziriro dzoutano dzavanhu vose dzeJapan, kuchiparira chinjo dzakadai sokutangwa kweNational Institute of Ifectious Diseases [ muzinda wokutarisira njodzi uye kudzokororwa kwehosha dzinotaputsikira. Zveiko zvamatongerwe enyika, idzi chinjo dzekuwedzera dzakanga dziri chibereko chezvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa mudzvinyiriro huru.

Mugumisiro: Nhaka Yezvamatongerwe Enyika Inogara Nguva Refu Yechipo cheJapan

Mhinduro yeCovid-19 yeJapan yakanga iri muuyo weganhuriro dzayo dzezvamatongerwe enyika nenzvimbo dzayo dzenhare. Kuvimba kwehurumende pazvikumbiro zvisingachinji, zvirongwa zvakarongwa pamwe chete, uye simba guru rezvemari zvakaratidzira chiito chokusanodzikamisa pakati pokudzivirira utano hwavanhu, kuchengeta dzikamo yemari, uye kuchengetedza zvamatongerwe enyika. nepo Japan yakadzivisa njodzi yenzufu dzinooneka mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope kana kuti United States, kusvika kwayo kwakanga kusiri pasina mutengo mukuru wekuedza, mutezo, uye chirongwa chepfuro chepfumbadzo chakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma. Chirweremuchi chinofumura chinoitwa muJapan chirongwa chokudzora, zvikurukuru kuoma kwemitezo pakati pokuita chisarudzo nehurumende yomunzvimbomo, uye kushaikwa kwezvo pamutemo nokuda kwezviito zvapamutemo nokuda kwedavirira. Zvezvokudzo , zvinochinjazve kutendeka, uye kuvamba kwenhauro yehondo dzinopfuurira nokuda kwehondo dzinogara zviripoteswa munguva yehondo yehondo yehondo yehondo yehondo.

[[[[IT]Ingano:[[[FT:1]