United States Congress inomira sechinhu chinokosha chehurumende yehurumende yeAmerica, ichibatira sebazu remitemo yehurumende yehurumende. Yakagadzwa neChikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo, Congress ine mutoro mukuru wokuita mitemo, inomirira fariro dzavagari veAmerica, uye kugovera zvikwaniriso zvinokosha neganhuriro pamapazu ehurumende neamatare.

Congress inoshanda sedare remitemo rebigameral, kureva kuti rakakamurwa kuva makamuri maviri akasiyana: Imba yaVamiririri neDare. Iri dare rezvimbambaira zviviri harina kutangwa netsaona asi panzvimbo pezvo rakabuda mukufunga kwokungwarira mukati meConstitution yeBumbiro reMitemo re1787. Great Revonecration (kana kuti Kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira) rakagadza kuti zvigaro muImba zvaizogoverwa kuva zvakavakirwa pavagari vemo, nepo Dare redare raizova nevanomirira vateveri muDare, richipa hurumende imwe neimwe mufananidzo wakaenzana muteverindi wevagari vose muImba. Uku kupesana kwakadzikama kwezvigaro zvose zviri zviviri zviduku, kugadzira gadziriro yakatsungirira kwamazana anopfuura maviri amakore.

Dare Iviri: Kunzwisisa Imba Nedare

Imba Yevamiririri: Dare Ravanhu

Nhamba yavamiriri vokuvhota inogadzwa nomutemo pasati papfuura 435, zvichienzaniswa nechiverengero chavagari vemo vehurumende 50. Mumiriri mumwe nomumwe anobatira ruwa rwakati rwesangano mukati mehurumende yavo, nemiganhu yeruwa inosarudzwa nenhamba yechiverengero chavagari vemo kubva pakuverengwa kwegore negore. Mumiriri mumwe nomumwe anosarudzwa kunhambo yegore rimwe nerimwe achibatira vanhu veruwa rwakati. Iyi nhambo pfupi yesarudzo yakagadzirwa namaune kuchengeta mitezo yeNzvimba zvakasanobatana zvikuru nezvikamu zvavo uye kupindura kumurangariro wavose.

Kuti asarudzwe, mumiriri anofanira kuva ane makore 25 okukura, mugari weUnited States kwaanenge makore manomwe uye mugari wehurumende yaanomirira. Izvi zvinodikanwa zvine mwero zvikuru zvinoratidzira vavariro yavavambi yokuti Imba inofanira kuva imba yakabatana zvakananga zvikurusa nevagariwo zvavo. Imba yakagadzirirwa kuva nzvimbo inosarudzwa navanhu vazhinjisa neyorusarudzo, nemitezo inotarisana nesarudzo dzinogara dzichivachengeta vachizvidavirira kuvota.

Kupfuura mitezo 435 yokuvhota, House inobatanidzawo nhume dzisingapfuudzi mari nemumiririri anogaramo. Pari zvino, kune nhume shanu dzinomirira Ruwa rweColumbia, Virgin Islands, Guam, Samoa, uye Commonwealth yeNorthern Mariana Islands, uye mumiririri anogaramo anomirira Puerto Rico. Nhume nemumiririri wemo ane masimba mamwe chetewo savamwe mitezo yeImba, kunze kwokuti ivo vangasavhota apo Imba inosangana seNzvitsungidzo.

Dare: Muviri Unozvidemba

Dare rinoita mutoo wakasiana zvikuru kumireza. Nemitezo 100 yose, mitezo imwe neimwe inosarudza chaizvoizvo vasanderi vaviri pasinei zvapo noukuru hwechiverengero chavagari vemo. Ikoku kunoreva kuti Wyoming, navasingasviki 600 000 vagari, vane mufananidzo mumwe chetewo weDare saCalifornia, navanhu vanoda kusvika mamiriyoni 40. Varendi vanobatira mashoko egore matanhatu anobatanidza, zvokuti chikamu chimwe bedzi cheimba chinokwirira nokuda kwesarudzo muboka ripi neripi rakasarudzwa. Iyi gadziriro yesarudzo inokatyamadzwa inoparira chinozivikanwa se "chinofambira mberi, kugovera kuterama uye kupfuurira.

Vagadziri vane makore anenge makumi matatu uye vagari vemo kwemakore mapfumbamwe. Zvinodikanwa izvi zvakakwirira zvikuru uye kuva mugari wemo zvichienzaniswa neImba yacho zvinoratidza basa rakarongwa neDare seboka remitumbi inoziva zvikuru, inobvisa tsvina. Vagadziri vanokarirwa kuva vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira zvikuru uye vasingapesvedzerwi zvikuru nokuderera kwepfungwa dzakakurumbira. Nechiverengero chiduku chemitezo, vanogona kutora nguva yavo kurangarira nokurangarira nokukurukura nhau.

Misiyano Mikuru Mumasimba Nemitoro

Imba chete ndiyo inogona kutanga mitemo yemari, uye Dare bedzi rinosimbisa kunyoresa kwapurezidhendi nezvibvumirano zvinobvumira, asi kugadzwa kwomutemo nguva dzose kunoda kuti makamuri ose ari maviri abvumirane zvakaenzana muchimiro chimwe chetecho asati aupa kuna Purezidhendi.

Imba ine masimba akasiana - siana anoverengeka ayo anoratidzira basa rayo sekamuri riri pedyo zvikuru navanhu. Zvikwereti zvose zvinosimudza mari zvinofanira kuvamba muImba yavamiririri. Imba ine simba rokusapa mhaka (po dare rinotonga) apo Dare rinoedza kurongera. Uku kupesana kwamasimba asingapiwi pamutemo kunoparira gadziriro umo Imba inoshanda somuchuchi, ichiunza pomero, nepo Dare rinobatira savatongi vanosarudza mhaka kana kuti kuva nemhaka.

Dare, nepo, rine masimba aro amene ebumbiro remitemo. Bhishopu inopa Dare simba rokutendera, kupfurikidza nevhoti mbiri nhatu, zvibvumirano zvakaitwa nebazu rinotungamirira. Dare rakaramba zvishomanenesa zvemazana ezvibvumirano zvarakarangarira, kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vakafa mudare kana kuti vakabviswa napurezidhendi. Dare ringaparirawo chibvumirano kana kuti kugamuchira chinjo kubvumirano. Kuwedzerazve, Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa kuti purezidhendi "achasarusa, uye kupfurikidza uye neChikarakadzo neKonendi yeDare, achagadza zvigamuchi, vamwe vabatiri vavose naVatongi veDare guru renyika, uye vamwe vamiririri vose veUnited States. Dare racho rinochengeta simba raronge riripo kuti ridzokorore nokubvumira kana kuti rirambe purezidhendi webazu.

Gadziriro Yomutemo: Nzira Iyo Bhirobha Rinova Nayo Mutemo

Rwendo Rwunotanga: Kupa Mutemo

Muitiro wemitemo wakaoma uye une mvuru, une nhano dzakawanda nemhinganidzo dzingabvira munzira. Mutemo unogona kubva mumanyuko akawanda(nzi mitezo inotsamira pamunhu yeCongress, Purezidhendi, masangano ehurumende, vagamuchiri, kana kuti vagari vemo vanoitira hanya. Zvisinei, mitezo bedzi yeCongress inogona kusuma nenzira yapamutemo zvikwereti. MuImba, mitezo inoisa mabhiri mubhokisi remiti rinonzi "EPROGS" riri pauriri hweImba. MuDare, vatarisiri vanowanzosuma zvikwereti mukati meawa yemangwanani kana kuti kupfurikidza nokuita chiziviso chapamutemo mukati mehuro youriri.

Gwaro rimwe nerimwe rinogamuchira zita rinoratidza nzvimbo yaro yamavambo nenhamba. Mapepa edzimba anonyorwa kuti "H.R." ateverwa nenhamba, apo mabhiri eDare anogamuchira zita re "S." zita. Mabhiri anoverengwa nenzira inowirirana munhevedzano yaanosumwa mukati merusando rumwe norumwe rwamakore maviri. Somuenzaniso, H.R. 1 aizova rugwaro rwokutanga runotangwa muImba mukati meDare idzva.

Kurangarira Dare: Uko Mabhiri Anogara Kana Kuti Anofa

Pashure pokusuma, mabhiri anonongedzerwa kudare rakakodzera rakavakirwa panhau yavo. Basa rakawanda reDare rinoitiswa mumatare. Zvose zviri zviviri Imba neDare zvamira, chaizvo, musangano, uye matare akabatana. Matare amire ndeenguva refu uye anogovera mitezo inobatira mirefu ine zviteshi zvamagetsi. Matare anobatira samabhiza ebasa eCongress, achiitisa nzvero dzine udzame dzemitemo inokarakadzwa, akabata tere, uye anoita rumbidzo kuimba yakazara.

Mitezo yedare navashandi vanonangidzira ngwariro yakawanda yenguva yavo pakunyora nokurangarira zvikarakadzo zvomutemo, asi matare anopinda mumimwe mibato, uyewo. Pakangogadzwa mutemo, Dare rine maruramiro nomutoro wokugovera kurongwa kwemibato, uye matare aro anotungamirira muiyi nhamburiko. makamuri ose ari maviri anogovera matare awo masimba anokosha nerusununguko nokuda kwokutarisira nokunzvera mibvunzo yomuitiro wavose nemiuyo yawo.

Mukati mematare, mabhiri anowanzonongedzerwa kumasangano maduku nokuda kwehwirudzuro yakatonyanya. Mahofisi apasi angachengeta kutongwa uko nyanzvi, vakuru vakuru vehurumende, uye vanofarira vanopupurira pamusoro petapuro dzegweta dzinobvira. Pashure pokunzwa nokurangarira, dare duku rinovhota kana mari yacho inofanira kudzorerwa kudare rakazara. Ipapo dare rakazara rinoita hwirudzuro yaro rimene, richiita sezvingabvira kugadziridza pamberi pokuvhota kana rugwaro rwacho ruchizoshuma zvakanaka kudare rakazara.

Chikamu chedare ndechinofira zvikwereti zvizhinji. Pazviuru zvezvikwereti zvinopinzwa murusando rumwe norumwe rwedare, chikamu chiduku bedzi chinokuita mudare. Zvigaro zvedare zvine simba rinokosha mukusarudza kuti zvikweretii zvinogamuchira rangariro uye ndezvipi zvinotambura pasina chiito. Basa iri rokuchengeta masuo rinobvumira matare kuchenesa mutemo usina tsigiro yakakwana kana kuti ukoshi.

Kurangarira Nokukakavadzana

Zvisinei, nzira dzokufunga nezvepauriri dzinosiyana zvikuru pakati peImba neDare, dzichiratidza ukuru hwadzo netsika dzadzo.

Nemhaka yokuti kamuri rimwe nerimwe rine chiremera chebumbiro remitemo chokuita mitemo yaro rimene, Imba neDare zvakatanga nzira dzakasiana zvikuru dzokugadzira mutemo. Mitemo yedzimba nemiitiro zvinobvumira voruzhinji kuita mutemo wenhamba nokukurumidza zvikuru. Mitemo yeDare nemiitiro, kune rumwe rutivi, kurangarira chiito chokukurumidza, sezvo zvinogovera kugovera kupfuudza kwemufungo kune mumwe nomumwe.

MuImba, Mitemo Dare inoita basa rinokosha mukusarudza kuti zvikwereti zvinorangarirwa sei pauriri. Speaker anotarisira dare (zvipi zviri mupepa zvinokurukurwa uye apo izvozvo zvinoitika) uye anopesvedzera Dare Romutemo mukuita chisarudzo. Mitemo inobudisa Dare re "ruramo" nokuda kwomutemo mumwe nomumwe, inoratidzira kuti kurukurirano ichagara kwenguva yakareba sei, kana kugadziridzwa kuchigona kupiwa, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Uku kurongeka kunodikanwa kupiwa mitezo mikuru yeDairu, dare ringakwira kupinda munyongano.

Dare rinoshanda nenzira yakasiana zvikuru. Nharo inodokuva isina kuganhurirwa muDare uye mitezo yose ine banza rokutora rutivi zvikuru. Iyi gamuchidzanwa rekurukurirano isina kuganhurirwa rinoparira kukwirira kumonicbuster, mutoo wetsika umo vasarendi vanogona kutaura nokusingaperi kunonozesa kana kuti kuvhara vhoti pamutemo. Kugumisa chibvumirano chinoda kukwidziridza kugwinya, uko kunowanzoda mavhoti 60 (a permajoras are arective) anopa boka dukusa rezvisaririra rinokosha.

Pahuriri, mitezo inokurukura zvakaisvonaka zvomutemo, inogovera gadziridzo, uye pakupedzisira vhoti pakupfuura. Mumakamuri ose ari maviri, voruzhinji vakapfava vaavo varipo uye vanovhota vanodikanirwa kuti mutezo upfuure, kunyange zvazvo Dare rinodzora richiva pamutemo wehurumende wezvibvumirano 60 zvinobudirira.

Kugadzirisa Kusiyana Pakati Pedzimba

Nemhaka yokuti makamuri ose ari maviri anofanira kupfuura zvimiro zvakafanana zvechibvumirano chisati chava mutemo, misiano pakati peshanduro dzeImba neDare inofanira kupedzwa. Pane dzimwe nguva kamuri rimwe richangogamuchira bedzi shanduro yeimwe kamuri. Zvinowanzova, zvikurukuru nokuda kwomutemo mukuru, makamuri maviri anoumba dare redare remitezo yose iri miviri. Dare remusangano rinokurukura shanduro inobvumirana pane zvisina kufanira iyo ipapo inodzorerwa kumakamu ose ari maviri nokuda kwetendero yokupedzisira.

Ichi chinodikanwa chebvumirano yebhidaral chinobatira seimwe chenjere mumuitiro wemitemo, kuva nechokwadi chokuti mutemo unowana kudzorwa kwakakwana kubva mumifungo mizhinji. kunorevawo kuti kunyange zvikwereti netsigiro yakasimba mune imwe kamuri zvinogona kukundikana kana zvisingagoni kuwana tendero mune imwe.

Chiito Chapurezidhendi: Nhano Yokupedzisira

Kana makamuri ose ari maviri angopfuudza zvimiro zvakafanana zvepepa remitemo, inotumirwa kuna Purezidhendi nokuda kwokurangarira. Purezidhendi ane pesvedzero mumuitiro wemitemo. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anorumbidza bhajeti yegore negore yamasangano ehurumende uye kazhinji kazhinji anokarakadza mutemo. Zvichida zvikuru, simba rokupa mutemo rinogona kutapura zvinenge zviri muzvikwereti zvakapfuudzwa neCongress. Sezvo kusiri kwechienzi zvikuru kuti mutemo uitwe pamusoro peveto yapurezidhendi, Congress zvikurukuru inofanira kuwirirana nenzvimbo yapurezidhendi pamitemo inokarakadzwa.

Purezidhendi ane zvisarudzo zvinoverengeka apo anopiwa nebhiri. Chokutanga, Purezidhendi anogona kusaina chibvumirano, achichiita mutemo. Chechipiri, Purezidhendi anogona kudzorera mutemo, achiudzorera kuCongress nokuramba. Congress anogona kukunda mutungamiriri wedare nenhimbe mbiri nenhindi mbiri dzezvivhota mudzimba dzose, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisingawanzoitiki. Chechitatu, Purezidhendi haagoni kuita chiito. Kana Congress Comment iri murust, mutemo wacho unova mutemo pashure pamazuva gumi pasina sigini yapurezidhendi. Zvisinei, kana Congress Congress Commis anengeours panhambo ino yezuva gumi, chirango chinofa se "pettoto".

Mabasa Nemabasa eDare

Kupa Mitemo: Basa Rinokosha

Sebumbiro reMitemo reU.S. Imba yeVamiririri inoita ndokupfuudza mitemo yehurumende. Imba ndiimwe yamakamuri maviri eCongress (imwe iDare reU.S.), uye rutivi rwebazu remitemo rehurumende. Iri basa rokuita mutemo rinobatanidza mativi makuru emitemo, kuvambira pamutero nokushandisa kusvikira kuchengeteko yorudzi, dzidzo, dziviriro yemhoteredzo, uye dzimwe nhau dzisingaverengeki.

Mitezo yeCongress inosuma zviuru zvezvikwereti purogiramu imwe neimwe ichitaura nezvenhau inenge iri yose yaungafunga.

Mufananidzo: Kubatira Vakongiri

Kupfuura kuita mutemo, mitezo yeCongress inobatira savamiriri vefariro dzavo neitiro hanya. Iri basa rokumirira rinoita zvimiro zvakawanda. Mitezo inochengeta mahofisi mumaruwa avo emisha kana kuti nyika umo mitezo yavashandi inobetsera vabatanidzwa nezvinetso zvinobatanidza masangano echisaririra cheNzanga, zvakadai sebetsero dzeSocial Security, mabasa enyanzvi dzenguva refu, kana kuti nhau dzokubuda munyika. Iri basa rinowanzonzi "kasaru," rinobetsera vagari vemo kuti vafambi vafambe noruwa.

Vamiriri navakuru vakuru vanoshandawo kuunza pfuma yehurumende namabasa kumaruwa avo nenyika, pane dzimwe nguva kunzi "kuunza kumusha chitoro." Ikoku kungabatanidza kuwana mari nokuda kwegadziriro dzepfuma, zvivako zvehondo, nzvimbo dzokunzvera, kana kuti zvimwe zvirongwa zvehurumende zvinobetsera vatengi vavo.

Vangave vachishanda paCapitol Hill kana kuti muruwa rwavo / ruvara rwavo, rudungwe rwomumiriri rwakabatikana zvikuru. Kazhinji kazhinji pakuvamba mangwanani netsanangudzo dzemisoro, vamiririri vazhinji vanokurumidza kufamba pakati pecaucus nemisangano yedare uye kunzwa. Vanovhota pamabhiri, vanotaura nevokugara pasi uye mamwe mapoka, uye hwirudzura tsamba, mapepa enhau nemishumo yakasiyana - siyana. Basa rinogona kupfuurira manheru nezviitiko zvokugamuchira kana kuti kudzosa.

Kutarisira: Kutsvaka Simba Rine Simba

Rimwe ramabasa anokosha zvikurusa ebumbiro remitemo kutarisira bazi guru. Congress yakaita nzvero dzekusashanda zvakanaka kwebazu /(nakumwe) munzanga yeAmerica (kubva muna 1792). Kudikanwa kwokunzvera kwesangano kunoramba kuri chinhu chinokosha kudzora hurumende nokudzidzisa vanhu. Kupfurikidza nokunzwa, kunzvera, nemimwe mibato yokutarisira, Congress inovimbisa kuti masangano anotungamirira anoshandisa mitemo yakarongwa uye inoshanda zvakanaka uye nenzira yetsika.

Dare rinogara richipa mishumo yezvibvumirano zvehurumende, matare ehurumende anoona nezvemasangano ehurumende, matare ehurumende, matare ehurumende, masangano anoongorora uye anoongorora masangano esangano reCongress, masangano anoongorora nokuongorora mapurogiramu ehurumende uye anopa mishumo kumatare edare anoongorora.

Simba rechikwama chacho rinopa Congress simba guru pamusoro pebazu guru nemhaka yokuti Congress inofanira kuva nemari yakafanira nokuda kwemabasa ehurumende, inogona kushandisa mabhajeti ezvibvumirano zvemitongo zvenzwi neanotaura kuti zvinzvere mibato yesangano ndokuisa migariro pamashandisirwe emari. uyu muitiro wegore negore unopa mabanza eCongress kuhwirudzura nokupesvedzera mabasa ebazu avakuru.

Simba Rokutarisira

Mubumbiro reMitemo, Imba yavamiriri ine simba rokutaura nomukuru mukuru wehurumende, chaizvoizvo achibatira somuchuchisi. Dare rine simba rimwe rokuita kutongwa kwokupa mhaka, zvikurukuru kubatira savatongi navatongi. Kukumbira kunomirira nzvero yokupedzisira yeCongress pavakuru vakuru vakuru navakuru vakuru vedare vanoita mufambiro wakashata wakakomba.

Muitiro wokusatendera unovamba muImba, zvikurukuru nefeyiso inoitwa neDare reJadia. Kana dare rikawana ufakazi hwakakwana hwe "Kurangarira, Chiokomuhomwe, kana kuti mamwe Matsotsi makuru," inonyora nyaya dzemisika. Imba yakazara ipapo inovhota kana munhu asina kuteererwa, nevoruzhinjiwo zvavo vanodikanwa. Kupa murairo hakubvisi mukuru mukuru pahofisi; kunongova kuunzawo zvakwo mhaka.

Kana Imba ichipa mutongi, nhau yacho inoenda kuDare nokuda kwokutongwa. Chifo cha 1789 Dare rakaedza vakuru vakuru 20 vehurumende, kubatanidza mapurezidhendi matatu. Kutonga kweDare kunotevera miitiro yokutonga, mitezo yeImba ichishanda savachuchisi uye mukuru mukuru wehurumende (kana kuti magweta avo) achipa dziviriro. Nokuda kwekupikiswa kwapurezidhendi, Mutongi Mukuru weDare Rapamusorosoro anotungamirira. Vavhoti yezvitatu vavatambi varipo vanodikanirwa kupiwa mhaka uye kubvisa mukuru mukuru mukuru mukuru pahofisi.

Zano Nekubvuma: Simba Rokusimbisa Romudare

Zano reDare uye simba rokubvuma rinoripa basa rinokosha mukushanda mumapazu avakuru vakuru navanotonga. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anoisa vanhu vamwe navamwe nokuda kwenzvimbo dzedare, vatongi vomubatanidzwa, vamiriri, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda, asi ava vamirini havagoni kuva nenzvimbo pasina kusimbiswa neDare.

Muitiro wesimbi unotanga nokutongwa pamberi pedare reDare rakakodzera. Kudare repamusorosoro, Dare reJadicia rinoitisa mhaka huru uko mumirinee anopupurira nemhinduro kuvakuru vakuru. Dare ipapo rinovhota kana kurumbidza kusimbiswa kuDare rakazara. Dare rakazara rinokakavadzana pamusoro pezviito namavhoti, nevoruzhinjiwo zvavo vanodikanirwa kusimbiswa.

Iri simba rinopa pesvedzero inokosha pakuumbwa kwebazu guru nedare rehurumende. Vamiririri vanogona kushandisa mutoo wokusimbisa kubvisa zvibvumirano kubva kuvaminene, kuvhara zvibvumirano zvavanowana zvisina kunaka, kana kuti kunonoka kusimbisa Purezidhendi padzimwe nhau. Basa reDare mukusimbisa kutongwa rinotopiwa zvikurukuru kuti vatongi vomubatanidzwa vabati vanobatira kurangana kwoupenyu hwose.

Simba Rehondo Nemitemo Yokumwe

Dare reMitemo rinopa Congress simba rokuzivisa hondo panhambo 11, kubatanidza kuzivisa kwaro kwokutanga kwehondo neGreat Britain muna 1812.

Nepo Purezidhendi achibatira saMutungamiriri wemauto ane zvombo, Congress anochengeta chiremera chebumbiro remitemo chine revo panhau dzehondo. Kupfuura simba rokuzivisa hondo, Congress mari yehondo kupfurikidza nokurevererwa kwegore negore, kugadza ukuru negadziriro zvamauto ane zvombo, uye anogona kuisa ganhuriro pamabasa ehondo kupfurikidza nomutemo.

Dare rinoitawo basa rakasiyana mutsika dzokumwe kupfurikidza nesimba raro rebvumirano. Apo Purezidhendi anotaurirana zvibvumirano namarudzi okumwe, haagoni kuita chinhu pasina tendero nedziviri tatu dzeDare. Ichi chinodikanwa chinovimbisa kuti misengwa mikuru yamarudzi ose ine tsigiro huru uye chinopa Dare simba rokupesvedzera mitezo yezvibvumirano.

Kutungamirira uye Kuronga Kwemasangano

Kutungamirira Mumba

Imba yavamiriri ine chimiro choutungamiriri hwevatungamiriri vakuru chinotungamirirwa neSpeaker of the House. House inosarudza A Speaker (Chikamu 1, 2) Anoshandisa udzori hukuru. Mutauri anosarudzwa neImba yakazara pamavambo eDare idzva rimwe nerimwe uye anowanzova mutungamiriri webato guru. Atworder anoshandisa simba guru, anodzora purogiramu yewirogists, anoita matare, uye anobatira sechiso chapachena cheImba.

Kupfuura Speaker, boka roruzhinji rinosarudza mutungamiriri weMajority uyo anobatira samazvikokota mukuru webato namaneja weuriri hwebato, uye Muvhimi anoshanda kurangarira vhoti uye kuvimbisa mitezo yebato anotsigira nzvimbo dzoutungamiriri. Boka dukuwo rinosarudza Mutungamiriri muduku naMuduku Wip uyo anotungamirira nhamburiko dzebato ravo ndokutanga mitoo yakasiana.

Mubato mumwe nomumwe une caucus kana kuti musangano (Democrats anoshandisa "kaucus" apo veRepublicans vanoshandisa "runyararo" inobatanidza mitezo yose yebato. Idzi purogiramu dzinosangana nguva dzose kukurukura gadziriro, vatungamiriri vakasarudzwa, uye kuita migove yedare. Masangano anoita basa rinokosha mukuvaka bvumirano nemirairo yemitemo.

Chirongwa Choutungamiriri hweDare

Dare harina nzvimbo yakafanana neSpeach. MuDare, vatungamiriri vazhinji navashomanene vanowanzobatira pamwe mukubvunza mitezo yose kusarudza rudungwe. Bumbiro reMitemo rinodudza Mutungamiriri Mukuru Mukuru soMutungamiriri weDare, asi iri idikanwo remutambo. Mutungamiriri weSanihedheni anotungamirira bedzi paDare nokuda kwenhambo dzinokosha kana kuti kuvhota.

Dare rinosarudza Purezidhendi Pro Tempore, nomutoo wegamuchidzanwa mutezo unobatira nguva refu zvikurusa webato guru, uyo anotungamirira Dare mukusavapo kwaPurezidhendi. Zvisinei, Purezidhendi Pro Tempore ane simba rakaganhurirwa kana richienzaniswa neHouse Speaker. Simba chairoiro muDare rina Majojority Mutungamiriri naMinoida, avo vanosarudzwa neboka ravo rinosarudzwa.

Mutungamiriri weMajor anodzora uriri hweDare, achisarudza kuti zvikweretii zvinogamuchira rangano uye apo vhoti dzinoitika. Zvisinei, mitemo yeDare inopa vamiririri mumwe nomumwe simba rinokosha, ichiganhurira kudzora kweMajority Mutungamiriri weHouse Scoumer. Mutungamiriri weMinority anoshanda somumiririri mukuru webato rinoshora uye mutungamiriri, achishanda kufambisira mberi purogiramu yebato ravo uye kushora zvirongwa zvavo voruzhinji apo zvinenge zvakakodzera.

Gadziriro yeDare

Matare anoumba musimboti wemibato yesangano, achibvumira mitezo kuvandudza unyanzvi munharaunda dzakati uye mufambiro une udzame hwemitemo. makamuri ose ari maviri ane marudzi anoverengeka amatare: matare amire ayo ari mativi chaiwo enhau akananga, anosarudza kana kuti anokosha akagadzirirwa nokuda kwamadonzo chaiwo kana kuti kunzvera, matare anobatana emitezo yakabva mumakamuri ose ari maviri, uye matare emisangano anoyananisa misiyano pakati pezvimiro zveNzvikwereti.

Matare akamira ndiwo anokosha zvikurusa uye ane simba. MuImba, matare makuru anobatanidza Dzidziro, Nzira, uye Mibato ine zvombo, nepo Dare rine Appropriations, Foreign Relations, uye matare anoshanda naMakurukota. Migove yeDare inotsvakwa zvikuru, sezvo anogovera mitezo pesvedzero pamusoro penzvimbo dzakati dzemiitiro nemikana yokubatira fariro dzavo.

Zvigaro zvedare zvine simba guru, zvinodzora zvirongwa zvedare razvo, kusarudza kuti zvii zvinogamuchirwa mudare, uye kutarisirwa kwemabhiri muuriri hwezvikwereti zvinoshumwa nedare razvo. Gavhuna vanowanzova nhengo yebato gurusa rebato rimwe nerimwe, kunyange zvazvo vatungamiriri vebato pane dzimwe nguva vachitsauka pakuva vakuru zvikuru mukuita migove yechigaro. Mitezo inotakura mitezo inobatira senhengo yeboka duku rebato padare rimwe nerimwe, ichitungamirira nhamburiko dzebato ravo mukati medare.

Basa Remapati Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Mumisangano

Kuronga Boka uye Kupesvedzera

Chiito cheCongress chinorongwa uye chinodzorwa nevatungamiriri vebato muimba imwe neimwe, avo vakasarudzwa nemitezo yecaucus yavo vamene kana kuti musangano – ndiko kuti, boka remitezo iri mukamuri rinogoverana mubato. Vakuru vakuru vomubato muImba vane masimba anokosha nemaruramiro kugadza nenzira inobudirira miraudzo ndokusarudza kuti zvikarakadzoi zvichagamuchira kurangarirwa kwouriri.

Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika anoita basa guru mukuronga Congress uye kuumba miuyo yemitemo. Kubatanidzwa kweBoka kunopesvedzera dare, nzvimbo dzoutungamiriri, nzvimbo yehofisi, uye kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa. Mitezo inowanzovhota nebato ravo panhau zhinjisa, kunyange zvazvo mwero wechinzwano chebato uchisiyana zvichitsamira panhau nemigariro yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Vatungamiriri veboka vanoshandisa maturusi akasiyana- siyana kuchengeta chirango chebato uye kufambisira mberi zvirongwa zvavo zvemitemo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzora mabasa edare, kuparadzira mari dzenhimbe, kugovera kana kuti kusatsigira zvinhu zvinokosha zvenhengo zvemitemo, uye kushandisa kunyengetedza nokutaurirana kuti vavake mibatanidzwa. Zvisinei, vatungamiriri vebato vanofanira kudzikamisa kudiwa kwokubatana nechokwadi chokuti nhengo dzinomiririra maruwa akasiyana - siyana nehurumende uye kuda zvematongerwe enyika zvakasiyana - siyana.

Hurumende Yakakamukana uye Ubati Ubati Ushe

Apo mapoka akasiyana - siyana anodzora Imba neDare, kana kuti apo Congress inodzorwa nebato rakasiana kupfuura Purezidhendi, muuyo wacho unoparadzaniswa. Uyu mugariro unoda kubvumirana kukuru zvikuru nebupartis kubatira pamwe kuti pave nomutemo. Hurumende yakakamukana inogona kutungamirira kutsikana apo mapoka anenge asingagoni kuwana mativi ose, asi inogonawo kuparira mitemo ine mwero zvikuru, yakavakirwa pabvumirano.

Kunyange munhambo dzokudzora kwebato rakabatana, mitemo yeDare yevana vebhiparista inowanzoda mwero wakati webatira pamwe kuti ipe mutemo. Chikumbaridzo cha 60-gore kukurira nhindi inoreva kuti boka revoruzhinji rinoda tsigiro yakabva kuboka duku kuti rifambisire mberi zvikwereti zvizhinji. Ichi chinodikanwa chinogona kuva nomwero womutemo nokumanikidzira, kunyange zvazvo chichigonawo kuita kuti vashomanene vakatsunga kumisa chiito panhau dzinokosha.

Kusarudza uye Kumirira Kwemisangano

Kusarudzwa Kwomusha Nokugadziridza

Makore maviri ari ose mitezo yose yeImba yavamiriri inosarudzwa. Mitezo inovhota pamirau inoshanda kwamakore maviri anotevera pamavambo eDare idzva rimwe nerimwe. Iri denderedzwa rakawanda resarudzo rinochengeta mitezo yeImba ichisanowirirana nemirangariro yavo uye inoita kuti Imba ibvume zvikuru kuchinja mumurangariro wavose.

Maruwa eCongress anodzokororwazve makore gumi ari ose pashure pekuverenga vanhu kuvimbisa kuva nechiverengero chavanhu chakaenzana mumaruwa ose. Uyu muitiro wokuzvidzora unowanzodzorwa nedzimba dzehurumende, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kukuchinja miganhu yoruwa kuti idivi rimwe. Gerrymanider kungatanga maruwa anonyanyokwikwidzwa nebato rimwe, kuderedza makwikwi okusarudza uye kugona kushatisa.

Nyika dzinowana zvigaro zvevagari vemo dzinogona kurasikirwa nezvigaro.

Kusarudzwa kweDare Nomuviri Unopfuurira

Chikamu chimwe bedzi chezvitatu zvavamiririri chinosarudzwa makore maviri ari ose (maviri namatatu avasayamhini anoramba ari mitezo yazvino). Naizvozvo, Dare i “muviri unowirirana. ” Dare harisati richigamuchira mitemo makore maviri ari ose kufanana neImba. Uku kupfuurira kunogovera dzikamo yesangano uye kunobvumira Dare kuchengeta miitiro namagamuchidzanwa zvisingachinjiki mumativi ose eCongress.

Sarudzo dzeDare dzinodhura zvikuru uye dzinodhura zvikuru kupfuura mijaho yeNzvimbo dzapamusha, sezvo vamiririri vanofanira kufadza nyika dzose panzvimbo pamaruwa mamwe namamwe. Nhimbe dzeDare dzinowanzokwezva ngwariro yenyika nokutsigira mari, zvikurukuru mumaruwa anodzora Dare pangava panjodzi. Shoko ramakore matanhatu rinopa vasande rusununguko rwakawanda rwokutora nzvimbo dzisingafarirwi kana kuti kuita vhoti dzakaoma pasina miuyo yapakarevera nokukurumidza.

Zvinetso Netsoropodzo Zvevakuru Vakuru

Kuvhiya Nokubvisa Magetsi

Mapoka ava kutosiyana mupfungwa uye akabatana, uye nhengo shomanana dzine mwero dzinoda kushanda dzichipfuura nepamapati.

Chirevo cheDare chinoraira kuvhara kukura kwemitsetse kupfurikidza nokubvumira vashomanene vakatsunga kuvhara mutemo kunyange apo une tsigiro huru. Nepo nhubuster inokurudzira kurangarira ndokudzivirira maruramiro maduku, vatsoropodzi vanoupikisa kuva chishandiso chenguva dzose chokudzivisa chirongwa chidzivisa kupedza zvinetso zvorudzi zvinomanikidzira.

Mari uye Kupesvedzera

Mitezo inowedzera kudhura kwenhimbe dzesangano yakamutsa funganyo pamusoro pepesvedzero yemari mune zvamatongerwe enyika. Mitezo inofanira kupa nguva inokosha yokutsigira, ichigona kutsausa pamabasa avo emitemo.

Kupambadzwa namasangano, masangano ezvokutengeserana, mapoka okuwana zvinzvimbo zvokutarisira bhizimisi, uye zvimwe fariro zvazova basa guru muWashington. Nepo kukurudzira kuchigovera mashoko anokosha nounyanzvi kuvaiti vemitemo, kunomutsawo kuitira hanya pamusoro pepesvedzero isina kufanira uye bviro yokuti muitiro ugoumbwa nefariro dzinosanorumbidzwa panzvimbo pezvakanaka zvavose.

Zvinofungwa Nevanhu uye Kuvimba Navo

Nguva dzose Dare rinogamuchira mirau yakaderera yetendero inobva kuvanhu veAmerica, navagari vemo vazhinji vanorangarira sangano racho serisina kusimba, serisingabatwi, kana kuti serisingaratidziki kuva rinofadza. Uku kusavimba muCongress kunopa denho nokuda kwokudzora kwehurumende yedemokrasi, sezvo kutsoropodza nzanga kunogona kuderedza kuvimbisana kwehurumende uye kuchiita kuti kuve kwakaoma zvikuru kuti Dare rivake tsigiro nokuda kwemitemo iri madikanwa asi yakaoma.

Kunyange zvazvo mitemo ichinonoka uye ichivhiringidza, inobvumira kukurukurirana kukuru, kukurukurirana, uye kugadziridzwa kwezvikarakadzo zvemitemo.

Nguva Yemberi yeCongress

Sezvo nzanga yeAmerica inopfuurira kuchinja, Congress inofanira kuchinjira kudenho itsva nemigariro inochinja. Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwuri kuchinja nzira iyo mitezo inokurukura nayo nevomubatanidzwa, kunzvera, uye kutarisira mahofisi avo. Nhevedzano dzenzanga dzinobvumira kurukurirano yakananga pakati pemitezo navagari vemo, ingagona kusimbisa asi ichiitawo dzvinyiriro itsva nedenho.

Kuchinja kwemitemo kuri kuvandudza kuumbwa kweCongress, nokuwedzera kwemhatsa yedzinza, dzinza, dzinza, uye mamiriro ezvinhu ekare. Uku kukura kunogona kuunza mifungo mitsva nezvinokosha kumuitiro womutemo, kuchiita kuti Congress ive mumiririri wavanhu veAmerica vose zvavo.

Zvikarakadzo zvechinjo zvakanangidzirwa kuderedza paradzano, kuganhurira pesvedzero yemari, uye kubudirira kwesangano kunowedzera zvinopfuurira kukurukurwa. izvozvi zvinobatanidza chinjo kumitemo yenhimbe yemari, kuchinja kwokuderedza kuderedza, kuchinja kumitemo yeDare kubatanidza vana, uye nhamburiko dzokusimbisa simba redare nounyanzvi.

Kunzwisisa Congress: Vanobva Kwazvo

Congress inoshanda sorutivi rukuru rwehurumende yehurumende yeAmerica, ichishandura mirangariro nefariro zvakasiyana - siyana zveAmerica vanopfuura mamirioni 330 kupinda mumuitiro wenyika.

Gadziriro yomutemo yakaoma namaune, ine mifungo mizhinji inoda bvumirano huru nokuda kwechinjo huru dzemiitiro. Gadziriro inodzivirira mutemo wokukurumidzira kana kuti usingafungisirwi asi inogonawo kutungamirira kurumano nokusaita chinhu. Kuparadzana kwamasimba pakati peCongress, Purezidhendi, uye matare kunotanga gadziriro yechekedzo nedziyero izvo zvinodzivisa bazu rimwe ripi neripi kudzora hurumende.

Mitezo yeCongress inodzosa mabasa akawanda(anoita mabasa) anodzorwa nomutemo, mumiririri, mutezo webato, uye mutori rutivi wedare (pari zvinotarisana nedzvinyiriro yenguva dzose inobva kuvamiriri, vatungamiriri vebato, mapoka ezviwanwa zvemhindu, uye zvisarudzo zvavo vamene. Kunzwisisa izvi zvinodikanwa zvinokwikwikwidzana kunobetsera kutsanangura mufambiro nemiuyo zvesangano.

Hurumende inoita zvisarudzo zvinotapura rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hweAmerica, kubva pamitero nokutarisira utano kusvikira kudzidzo, chengeteko yorudzi, uye dziviriro yemhoteredzo. Nokunzwisisa muitiro wemitemo, mabasa evatambi vakasiyana - siyana, uye zvivako zvesangano zvinoumba tsika dzokuronga, vagari vemo vanogona kutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira zvikuru mukutonga kwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende uye kuita kuti vamiririri vavo vazvidavirire.

Kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro peCongress uye kuronga mubato wemitemo wazvino uno, shanyira [[FLT: 0].gov, website yewirogioti yeU.S. mashoko ehurumende anochengetwa neRaibhurari yeCongress. Nokuda kwemashoko pamusoro pokuonana navamiririri vako, shanyirai House. gov[FLT] [[FLT]] na [[FLT:] .[FLT]].. [FLT]] .[FLT:]]-C[FLT] .[FLT] .[FLT: 7] inogovera migariro yemari yemaripo, inobvumira vagari vagari vemo kutarira.[FT]

Kunzwisisa Congress hachisi chinhu chinongovawo zvacho chedzidzo asi chinodikanwa chinoshanda nokuda kwokuvimbisa kuva mugari wemo. Sezvo sangano iro rinomirira zvakananga vanhu veAmerica muhurumende yehurumende yehurumende, Congress rinoda ngwariro yedu, kunzvera, uye kutora rutivi. Kupfurikidza nokudzidza kuti Congress inoshanda sei, vagari vemo vanogona kutsigira zviri nani fariro dzavo, kuyera basa ravamiriri vavo, uye kubetsera kugadziriro inopfuurira yokuzvitonga kwehurumende yedemocratic iyo inorondedzera kuedza kweAmerica.