Zvirongwa zvokuvaka zvinoshanda sechinhu chikuru chenzanga yazvino uno, zvichigonesa kukura mune zvemari, kuchengeteka kwavose, uye kunaka kwoupenyu. Kuvambira mumigwagwa nebhiriji kusvikira kumibatanidzwa yemvura nenzvimbo dzinoiswa vanhu vakawanda, izvi zvirongwa zvinoda kuronga kwokungwarira, mari yakawanda, uye kuronga. MuUnited States, kufambira mberi kwemarongedzero hakuwanzosvika pamwero mumwe chete wehurumende. Panzvimbo pezvo, kunotsamira pakubatana pakati pehurumende, hurumende, nzanga, uye masangano omunzvimbomo, imwe neimwe ichiunza pfuma yakasiyana, chiremera, uye pfungwa. Kunzwisisa kuti mwero iyi inoshanda pamwe chete sei muzviitiko zvakasiyana - mamiriro ezvinhu, maererano nezviripo, uye miitiro inobuda mumienzaniso, uye inoenzanisira zvikuru, uye inoenzanisira mibato yakaoma zvikuru asi inoparira pamwe chete mukufambidza kwehurumende.

Muenzaniso 1: Kutsigira Zvirongwa Zvehurumende

Imwe yenzira inozivikanwa navose zvikuru uye yakamira kwenguva refu yebatira pamwe yehurumende inobatanidza hurumende inogovera zviwanikwa zvemari kunyika nokuda kwezvinokosha zvakati. Masangano eFederal anopa gadziriro, miganhu, uye mikana yemari inowirirana nezvinangwa zvenyika, zvakadai sokuvandudza kuchengeteka kwezvokufambisa, kuderedza kubudiswa kwecarbon, kana kuti kuwedzera kusvika kumvura yakachena. Zviiwo, shandisa mari iyi kuronga, uye kuvaka zvirongwa zvinosvitsa zvose zvinodikanwa nehurumende uye zvinodikanwa zvomutevere.

Urugero: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) inoparadzira mabhiriyoni emadhora gore negore kuHighway Trust Fund yehurumende yezvokufambisa. Pasi peBipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL), hurumende yakagamuchira mwero yemari yakakurumbira yokugadzira mugwagwa, kutsiva mabhiriji, uye motokari dzemagetsi dzinobhadhara. Somuenzaniso, FHA’S Bridge Reveraviation, Reveration, uye Purogiramu inogovera nzira yakatsaurirwa nokuda kwemabhiriji anogara pasi pevhu.

Sangano iri rokupa mari rinoita kuti zviite zvirongwa zvikuru zvemari zvingasawanikwa nemari kupfurikidza nemari yehurumende yoga. Mukuwirirana neAmerican Society of Civil Enginegers, maakaundi emari ehurumende nokuda kwe 25% yehwerengedzo yemari yemugwagwa mukuru. Mugumisiro wacho kuvandudzwa mibatanidzwa yezvokufambisa inoita kuti kutengeserana kuve nyore, deredza nguva dzokufamba, uye kuvandudza kuchengeteka. Zvisinei, zvinetso zvinobatanidza mari inowirirana nejekero yemari yezvikamu zvamari (8) kazhinji kazhinji kacho zvinogovera chikamu chemari isiri yemari yehurumende inodzorwa yehurumende nemiraudzo yemhoteredzo.

[[[FT:0] FHAR] FHA Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pomugwagwa mukuru womubatanidzwa anopa mapurogiramu panzvimbo yepaIndaneti ye

Muenzaniso 2: Mashoko Anobudiswa Munharaunda Pamusoro Pehurumende Nezvirongwa Zvehurumende

Nepo hurumende nehurumende yehurumende zvinowanzotungamirira nhano huru dzegadziriro, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinoziva zvikuru zvinodikanwa zvenzanga nezvinoiswa pakutanga. Muzvinoitika zvakawanda zvinobatira pamwe, zviremera zvomunzvimbomo zvinogovera muuyo unokosha kupfurikidza nemhedziso dzinotemwa navanhu vose, mapuranga, uye zvibvumirano zvehurumende. Iyi revo yapasi inobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti marongedzero emigariro chaiyoiyo yenyika yakadai semienzaniso yemotokari, ngozi dzemafashamo, kana kuti nharaunda dzinochengetwa pasi pezviito.

Urugero: apo nyika inokarakadza kufutunuka koriji huru yomumugwagwa mukuru, inowanzoda muitiro wokunzwa kwavose womunzvimbomo sorutivi rweNational Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Masangano eguta nenzvimbo angapa zvisarudzo zvepamutemo, uye kuronga vashandi vehurumende kushanda pamwe chete namanenjiniya ehurumende kugadziridza magadzirirwo ezvirongwa zvakavakirwa pamashoko omunzvimbomo. Muzvimwe zviitiko, maakatara anoshandisa nyika yavo kudzora kugadziridzwa kwemigwagwa mitsva kana kuti zviteshi zvokufambisa.

Irevo reIP] Batsiro yomunzvimbomo inogona kuderedza chishoro chenzanga, kudzivisa zviratidziro zvinodhura gare gare mugadziriro, uye kugadzira gadziriro dzinobatira vagari vemo zviri nani. 2022 kubva kuTreating Research Board yakawana kuti zvirongwa nebvumirano yavose yapakuvamba zvakaoneka 20% kunonozeka nokugadziridzwa. Zvisinei, batira pamwe inoshanda inoda mikoto yekurukurirano yakajeka uye ruvimbo (* hurumende dzomunzvimbo dzinofanira kunzwa kuti zvinonetsa zvavo zvinorangarirwa zvapachokwadi, kwete kungozivikanwa. Kana zvaitwa zvakanaka, ichi chinoitika chinovaka raise rezinesi yenzanga uye tsigiro yenguva refu yemari inotambirwa mari yokutenga mari.

[[[FT:0] Imbano yeChibvumirano: Dhipatimendi reZvokufambisa reU.S. rinogovera michero pabvumirano yenzanga [ mumabasa okufambisa.

Muenzaniso 3: Vakatanga Kutsigira Vakabatana

Zvimwe zvirongwa zvinodenha miganhu yezvirongwa uye zvinoda kubatanidzwa kwezviwanikwa zvinobva pamwero dzakawanda dzehurumende. Nhamburiko dzemari dzinobatanidza mipiro yehurumende, hurumende, uye yomunzvimbomo nejeri (8.5) dzimwe nguva pamwe chete nevashandi vapachivande kana kuti vasingapi mari inobhadharwa pasina sangano rimwe ringakwanisa kutenga riri roga. Urongwa uhwu hunowanzobatanidza zvibvumirano zvokunzwisisa, kudyira mari, uye zvivako zvemari zvakabatanidzwa.

Nhevedzano: Nzvimbo yeguta ingatanga gadziriro itsva yenjanji inoreruka iyo inoda migove yehurumende yokufambisa (mutoo, kubva kuFederal Transtit Administration’s Capital Insement Grants), zvisungo zvemitengo, mitero yomunzvimbomo yemitero, uye mipiro inobva kumitengo yakapoteredza ichabetserwa nenzira. Portland, Oregon system system tram neLos Angeles ray mijekoti yemikoro yemari yemari yemarikoshi.

Sangano remari rakabatanidzwa rinoita kuti pave nebetsero yemari yomwero wakati kuti, "$(*] masangano emari anogona kugovera mibatanidzwa mikuru, masangano anogona kubudisa zvisungo pamwero wakafanira, uye nzvimbo dzinogona kuparira hova dzemitero dzakatsaurirwa kana kuti kutora rutivi mumibato yakakomba. Uku kudzorwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kunoguma nemhinduro dzakajeka, dzakadai sokufambiswa kwenyika inoshandiswa, uye gadziriro dzepfuma. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuvakwa kwemibatanidzwa, mitemo inopesana, uye mativi enyika anogona kunonotsa kushanda. Zvivako zvinodzora uye mabhizimisi akazvitsaurira zvinobvira.

[[[FT.0] Inzanidzo yeMatendere:[[FT:1] Federal Transit Administration inorondedzera [[[FT:2] .Capital Investicement Grant purogiramu[ inotsigira mari yebatanidzwa.

Muenzaniso 4: Kutarisira Kunoitwa Nehurumende Zvirongwa Zvemunharaunda

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji dzinoita zvirongwa zvegadziriro duku dzezvikwaniriso zvezvisakiso zvenzvimbo nenzvimbo dzemigwagwa, zvitsivi zvikuru zvemvura, kana kuti vandudziko dzepapaki (zvingatsigirwa murutivi nezvipo zvehurumende kana kuti zvehurumende). Muzvinoitika izvi, masangano ehurumende anogovera utariri kuva nechokwadi chokuti kugadzirwa nokuvaka kunosvitsa mipimo yekotsekano, miraudzo yemhoteredzo, uye kuzvidavirira. Uku kutarisira kunogona kuvambira pakuhwirudzura kutenderwa kwakananga kwezvirongwa nezvitsauko.

Urugero: Guta duku rinoda kutsiva bhiriji risina kusimba pamugwagwa wenyika. Kunyange kana chirongwa chacho chichitsigirwa neyako chose chose, Hurumende DOT inofanira kubvumira kuti bhiriji rive rakagadzirwa nemhaka yokuti rinobatanidza nemubatanidzwa wemugwagwa mukuru uye rinofanira kusvitsa mipimo yokutakura. Nenzira yakafanana, masangano ehurumende anoongorora gadziriro dzokutarisira migwagwa yomunharaunda kuti iwirirane nePlan Water Act.

Sangano rekudzivirira rehurumende rinodzivirira chengeteko yavose uye rinodzivisa zvisarudzo zvomunzvimbomo izvo zvinogona kuparira kuvadziko kana kuti kuvadziko yemhoteredzo. Inovimbisawo kusachinjana mumativi enzvimbo neruwa(a bhiriji rakavakwa muruwa rumwe richava nechiyero chimwe chetecho neiri muruwa ruri pedyo. Zvisinei, muitiro wacho unogona kuva kubatira pamwe kwenguva, zvikurukuru nokuda kwezviwanikwa zvinowanikwa nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo. Kuhwirudzura nguva, kugovera mipimo yemipimo yenguva inotenderwa, uye kugovera yamuro inzira dzokubetsera ndedzedzei dzakavandudza iyi batirana.

Muenzaniso 5: Zvirongwa Zvokudzidzisa Zvemapuraneti

Kupfuura zvipo zvomunhu oga, hurumende yehurumende panhambo nenhambo inoita gadziriro dzezvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvinovavarira kuvandudza gadziriro dzose munyika. Zvirongwa izvi zvinowanzobatanidza mari yenzizi, nhungamiro dzemitemo, uye mitauro inoda batira pamwe kubva kuhurumende dzomunzvimbomo nedzenyika kuti isvike zvinangwa zvenyika. Mienzaniso yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi inobatanidza Ifragradera Rescentment and Jobs Act (IJA) ye 2021 uye American Replation Plan Act yehurumende uye mari yokunatsikirira.

Chiratidzo: purogiramu yeIVYA yakagoverwa inopfuura $1,2 mabhiriyoni US $55,5 (Z $155 000 000) kunzvimbo itsva. Zvirongwa mukati meIRYA(Z $56) yakadai seBroadband Equity, Access, na Deployment (BEAD) purogiramu yeIND [Z $3] inopa zvirongwa zvokupa zvirongwa zvemarikero, zvinobatanidza vatengi, uye nyajambwa vari pasi penzvimbo dzinochengetwa. Hurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo zvinofanira kushanda pamwe chete kuzivisa nzvimbo dzisina kuchengetwa, kubvumira kuiswa kwemifungo, uye kuva nechokwadi chezvirongwa zvemari zvinosvika padzimba dzakaderera dzinowanwa.

Istact: Gadziriro dzemari dzeFederal dzinogona kuisa mutserendende munharaunda idzo dzisina zvinhu zvenhau, zvakadai semheto yakafara yemaruwa, mamiriro okunze-pasi, uye kufambiswa kwavose. Kusimbisa kwe IIJA kuenzana pakusasarura, ruramisiro, uye kukura kwebasa kunowedzera nyika navagamuchiri vomunzvimbomo kuti vagamuchire miitiro inobatanidza. Bva vhoriyamu yemapurogiramu matsva inogona kukurira kukwanisira mberi kwomugariro wenyika, kuchitungamirira kukunonoka kukuita. Kushanda kunoda vashandi vanoshanda vakatsaumbirwi vakazvitsaurira, kuisa mashoko anojeka, uye kurukurirano inopfuurira pakati pezvirongwa zvehurumende nehurumende yehurumende yenzvimbo yacho ne/mapurani mapurani enzvimbo.

[[[FT.0] Imba yeWhite inogovera udzame [[[FT:2] Kugadzira kudzokera shure zviri nani Mutungamiriri weIndaneti nedzinogoverwa nehurumende

Muenzaniso 6: Kugamuchira Kwekurumidziro Kunogoverwa

Njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga ne(hurricanes), masango anopisa, mafashamo, kudengenyeka kwepasi . kungaparadza zvinhu zvinokosha mumaawa anotevera. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya ekurumidziro, kushandira pamwe kwehurumende kuri madikanwa nokukurumidza kudzorera mabasa, marara, uye kuvakazve zvakakotsekana. Mhinduro yacho inowanzobatanidza vapinduri vokutanga vomunzvimbomo, masangano ehurumende anotarisira ngozi, uye mitumbi yehurumende yakadai seFEMA, Army Corps of Engiers, uye Department of Transportation.

Nhamba: Pashure pePhurrine Maria aparadza Puerto Rico muna 2017, vamiriyanisi vomunzvimbomo vakayera kuvadziko kumichina yemvura nemigwagwa, nepo hurumende yePuerto Rico yakabatanidza zvikumbiro zvemitengo. FEMA yakagovera zvibvumirano zvokubvisa marara, dzimba dzenguva pfupi, uye mari yezvokugadzirisa zvechigarire. Arm Commist of Engineers yakashanda nePuerto Rico Gezilla Power Authority kudzorera mubatanidzwa wezviwi.

Sangano rakabatanidzwa zvikuru redavidzo yekurumidziro rinoderedza zvikuru nguva dzokunaya. Mukuwirirana neFEMA, kuisa zvinhu uye kushandisa mirairo yakabatana kunogona kupfupikisa nhambo dzokudzorera ne 30% kana kuti kupfuura. Zvisinei, zvinetso zvinobatanidza rwisano pakati pomunzvimbomo, hurumende, uye masangano ehurumende, zvinoiswa pakutanga panzvimbo yazvo, uye kunonozeka. Zvibvumirano zvokubetsera, prekhtilaster kuronga kukanganisa, uye zviito zvenguva dzose zvinovandudza kuyamura.

[[FT:0] FMY] FEMA’S System yeNyika Kugadzirira [ inoratidzira mabasa ose ehurumende.

Muenzaniso 7: Kushandira Pamwe Kwevanhu Vose

Zvibvumirano zvevoruzhinji zvinotambanudza purojekiti kuti zvibatanidze dzimbahwe rechikamu chavanhu, unyanzvi, uye zvitsva. Nepo PPPs dzisati dziri dzoga kubatira pamwe kwehurumende, dzinowanzoda hurumende, hurumende, uye nzvimbo kuti dzishande pamwe chete kuronga bvumirano, kugovera njodzi, uye kubvumira. PPPS dzinoshandiswa zvikurukuru nokuda kwezvinhu zvikuru, zvinowanisa mari yakadai semigwagwa inotemesa mari, manhandare endege, uye zvinogadzirwa zvemvura.

Urugero: Hurumende ingapinda mubvumirano yemagadzirirwo-makemikari-mashandiro-mataiti (DBHOM) necomponium iri yoga kuvaka mugwagwa mutsva. Hurumende inogovera chikwereti chakarurama chenzira nemvumo yemhoteredzo, hurumende yehurumende ingapa zvikwereti kupfurikidza neInfrastructuraturature Memorial neINCOM (TIA), uye hurumende yomunzvimbomo ingapa kubvumira nokurongeka kwemitengo.

ISCT: PPS dzinogona kukurumidzisa kupiwa kwebasa, kuendesa kuvaka nengozi yemari kudivi ravanhu, uye kutanga unyanzvi hwokuvaka hutsva. Zvisinei, zvinoda simba guru revoruzhinji kuti vataure mashoko akakodzera, vatariri, uye vadzivirire fariro dzavose. Kubatana kwehurumende kunonetsa kuronga mitemo yechikwereti yehurumende nemitemo yehurumende uye mitemo yenzvimbo. National Council for Public-Private Prinegate transformation inogovera miitiro yakanakisisa nokuda kwemibato iyi.

[[[FT.0] Inzanidzo:[[[FT.1] Kushanyira Dare renyika nokuda kwemibatanidzwa yavose yePuritation-Fractive system nokuda kwefundo nezviwanikwa.

Muenzaniso 8: Kubatana Kwomunharaunda Kunopfuura Kupokana

Zvinetso zvakawanda zvezvirongwa (sekuwandisa kwemotokari, kunaka kwemhepo, mugove wemvura, uye kugadziridza njodzi). Mitemo yebatira pamwe yenharaunda, yakadai seMetropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOS) neMasangano eHurumende (COGs), zvinounza hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, masangano ehurumende, uye vamiririri vehurumende kuti varonge nokutsigira nyika imwe nzvimbo yakarondedzerwa.

Urugero: Chicago Metropolitan Agency yePlanning (CMAP) inoronga zvokufambisa nevhu rinoshandisa kudarika masvomhu manomwe neanopfuura 280 mitunhu. CMAP inotungamirira gadziriro yezvokufambisa yehurumende pasi peFixation America’s Surface (FAST), Act, kuendesa mari yehurumende kumabasa omunzvimbomo. Hurumende DOTS inotora rutivi mupurogiramu yokuvandudza kwezvifambiso zvomunharaunda (TIP), uye hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinokwikwikwidza nokuda kwebasa rekufambisa pamberi pebasa kupfurikidza neFixameters.

Sangano renharaunda rinodzivisa kuisa zvinhu mumitemo, kudzorwa kwemitengo yebhizimisi uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti gadziriro dzegadziriro dzemibatanidzwa inoshanda semubatanidzwa. Somuenzaniso, yakabatanidza chiedza chemotokari mumativi akawanda inoderedza kuwanda kusingashandisi. MPOSwo yakabatanidza kurongwa kwomugariro wemhepo (kuumbwa) kwakarairwa neEther Air Act. Zvinetso zvinobatanidza kudzikamisa INDANGARO yomunzvimbomo nezvinokosha zvomunharaunda, kudzora mwero yakasiana yemibato yemichina, uye kuchengetedza mari yakatengwa nokuda kwamasangano okuronga amene.

Muenzaniso 9: Kuhwirudzura Zvakatipoteredza Nokubvumira Kubatana Kuvepo

Zvirongwa zvokuvaka zvinofanira kuwirirana nemitemo yakawanda yemhoteredzo, kubatanidza National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Clean Water Act, uye Endangered Species Act. Iyi rondedzero inowanzoda muuyo kubva kumasangano akawanda ehurumende (zvikurukuru, EPA, UFWS, Army Corps), madhipatimendi emhoteredzo, uye masangano okuronga nharaunda. Kuhwirudzura mamiriro emhoteredzo anodzokorora nzira inobvumira nepo achichengeta mipimo inodzivirira.

Muenzaniso: A akarakadzwa kuti basa rinokudza kuti mhanza dzenzvimbo dzinonyoro-rongo richada Chikamu 404 mvumo kubva kuGuta reMauto reEnginers reU.S., ruvara rwemvura kubva kusangano remhoteredzo yenyika, uye budiriro yemvura inobvumira. Pasi pe NEPA, pesvedzero yemhoteredzo yakabatana (IS) ingagadzirirwa nehurumende DOT sesangano rehurumende rehurumende uye hurumende yomunzvimbomo sesangano rebatira pamwe chete.

Anoita zvakanaka, kana kuhwirudzura mhoteredzo kunobatira pamwe kunogona kuderedza nguva yokubvumira nemwedzi 18 kusvikira ku 24 uku ichiita kuti migumisiro yemhoteredzo ive nani. Council on Environmental Secrectal Affantact faceal Games inoronga kubatana kwegadziriro huru dzemitemo yeromes. Zvisinei, kusawirirana pamusoro pemipimo yemipimo, misiyano yehurumende inowirirana nedziviriro dzerudzi rwehurumende, uye manyuko anogona kuderedza fambiro mberi. Kubviswa kwemibatanidzwa yebvumirano yePhondo yePhondo yePhondo yeChikamu chechitatu nechetura-faciliactim kunobetsera kupedza rwisano.

mhedziso

Zviitiko zvarondedzerwa pamusoro apa zvinoenzanisira mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana- siyana ebatira pamwe yehurumende pamabasa ezvivako. Kubva pakutsigira mari yehurumende kusvikira kuzvinoumba zvomunzvimbomo, kuita kwekurumidziro kushamwari dzavose, zviitiko zvose zvinoda zvivako zvakasiyana, mikoto yekurukurirano, uye kuvimbana. Sezvo gadziriro dzinoda kukura (kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kuchinja kwechiverengero chavagari vemo, uye kuchinja kworuzivo rwemitengo) kupfurikidza nokushanda kwehurumende, hurumende, uye hurumende dzomunzvimbomo kushanda pamwe chete zvinotova zvinotova zvakaoma zvikuru. Vagadziri vemitengo dzemitengo vanofanira kuisa mukurovedza macompulation, kugoverana mibato yemitezo, uye mibato inochinjika inoita kuti ibvumire nguva, kupfuudzana kupfumiteverwa. Kupfurikidza nokudzidza kubva muizvi zvinoitika zvakasiyana - siyana, zvitengo, zvirongwa zvokuroverera zvinhu zvinogona kuvaka tsika dzokushanda zvinova zvinova zvinoumba.