Kuchinja Kunoita Matangiro Anoita Hurumende: Kuwedzera Maonero Anoita Kuti Zvidzidzo Zvive Nezvakaidzwa

Kugadzirwa kwemikoto iyi ikomhu. Asi mhinduro ishoma kuti ive nhamba imwe chete yehurumende inoshanda yoga. Panzvimbo pezvo, zvirongwa zvemarobhoti ezvirongwa zvemari zvinobudirira zvikuru zvinobva pakunyatsotevedzerwa kwenzvimbo dzinogara, nyika, magiramu, uye michina yemagetsi. Nyaya ino inotowedzera kuongorora zvinhu izvi nokuongorora kuti nyika imwe neimwe inounza sei simba rakasiyana nedzimwe.

Kuvakwa kweHurumende Muzvirongwa

Nyika zhinjisa dzinoronga hurumende dzadzo kuva nhurikidzwa. MuUnited States, nhurikidzwa idzodzo inzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo (maruwa, maruwa chaiwo), nyika, uye hurumende. Mwero mumwe nomumwe une chiremera chakasiana chebumbiro remitemo kana kuti chomutemo pamusoro pokushandiswa kwenyika, mitero, mirau, uye mabasa avose. Kunzwisisa iyi dare ravakuru vakuru rinokosha nemhaka yokuti mipimo isingawanzowirirani musimba rimwe chete. Chirongwa chimwe chemugwagwa ungada tendero yomunzvimbomo, mvumo yehurumende, uye mari inotsigirwa.

Hurumende Yomunzvimbomo: Mutsetse Wakananga Wezvidzidzo

Hurumende dzemo dzinotarisira mibato yepfuma inoshanda nevanhu zuva nezuva: migwagwa, nzira dzomumugwagwa, mapaipi emvura, mapaka, nzvimbo dzokutambira vanhu, uye kuunganidzwa kwetsvina. Dziri pedyosa nevagari vemo uye nokudaro dzinodavidza zvikuru kuzvinhu zvinodiwa nenzanga, asi dzinoshandisawo mari yakanyanya kutengwa. Mari inotambirwa munzvimbo dzinonyanya inobva pamitero yezvinhu, mitero yemari, uye mitero yevashandi inogona kuderera mukusagadzikana kwezvemari.

Fundo Yechidzidzo 1: Mamugwagwa Akazara muPortland, Oregon

Guta rePortland rave riri mutungamiriri worudzi mukushandisa “Migwagwa yakapetenuka” mitemo. Panzvimbo pokugadzira migwagwa inochengetedzwa nokuda kwemotokari, guta rinoisa migwagwa kuti igadzire vanofamba zvakanaka, vatyairi vemabhasikoro, uye kufamba kwavose. Muna 2018, Portland Bureaunt of Transportation yakatanga chirongwa chikuru chekoridhikodhi inochengetedzwa paSoutheast Division Street, kuwedzera nzira dzebhasikoro dzakadzivirirwa, nzira dzakafararira, uye nzira dzakavandudzwa. Hurumende yomunzvimbomo yakadzivirirwa nemari nemubatanidzwa wezvisungo zveguta, mari yezvokufambisa, uye purogiramu yezvokufambisa yapanze yehurumende. Mugumisiro wacho wakanga uri kuderera kwe40% mukukuvadziko mumugwagwa mukati mamakore matatu. Chino chirongwa ichi chinoratidza kuti vatungamiriri vemo vomunzvimbomo vomunzvimbomo vanopinda nokuchengeteka zvivako zvinochengeteka.

Fundo 2: Madziro Azvino Uno muFlint, Michigan

Njodzi yemvura yeFlint chiyeuchidzo chinovhundutsa chezvinoitika apo gadziriro dzomunzvimbomo dzinokundikana. Muna 2014, guta rakachinjira manyuko aro emvura kuRwizi rweFlint pasina kudzorwa kwakafanira. Muuyo: kupfura kubva papombi dzemvura dzinochembera kupinda mumvura yokunwa. Nepo njodzi yakaratidzwa kundikano inoratidzirwa kundikano pahurumende nemwero yehurumende, yakasimbisawo basa rakakomba remvura nedare reguta. Mushure macho, guta rakatanga purogiramu inotsiva yepaipi, inotsigirwa murutivi nemari yehurumende yekurumidziro uye mari yehurumende. Pakazosvika 2023, mitsetse yebasa inopfuutanhatu mizhinji yakanga yatsiviwa. Flint inosimbisa kuti hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinofanira kuchengeta tarisiro yakakomba, asi kuti hadzigoniwo kubudirira pasina tsigiro huru zvikuru apo mamiriro ezvinhu anodzo agara ari pasi pekudzoro.

Kuongorora 3: Zviratidzo Zvemotokari Zvinochenjera muAustin, Texas

Kukura nokukurumidza kwaAustin kwakakurira purogiramu yezvifambiso zveguta racho. Dhipatimendi rokufambisa rakatanga chirongwa chezviratidzo chemichina inofambiswa zvakanaka muna 2021, ichiisa ruzivo rwokudzora runochinjika pamapazasi 500. Masangano aya anoshandisa mashoko chaiwo okufambisa zvinhu kugadziridza nguva yokuratidza nguva, kuderedza kuwanda nokubudisa magetsi. Mari yakabva kumibatanidzwa yezvifambiso yomunzvimbomo yatenderwa nehurumende inopa michina yezvokufambisa yakangwara. Mumakore maviri, avhareji nguva dzokufamba mumapasipidhi huru dzakadonha ne12%. Hurumende yomunharaunda ino inoshanda pano seinjini yezviziviso zvemagetsi, ichiratidza kuti kugadzirwa kwemichina kunogona kudzosera migove inokurumidza pasina mipiro mikuru yehurumende kana kuti yehurumende.

Hurumende: Mutungamiriri Wenharaunda

Hurumende dzinoronga mabasa omunzvimbomo nehurumende. Dzinodzora migwagwa yeruwa, mitsetse yehuni dzehurumende, zviteshi zvendege, nhandare dzendege, uye zvirongwa zvemvura zvakakura izvo zvinoyambuka mitsetse yeruwa. Hurumende dzinodzorawo kuongororwa kwemhoteredzo, mabumbiro emitemo okuvaka, uye mvumo dzakawanda. Masangano adzo okutsigira mari anobatanidza mitero yepeturo yehurumende, mari yemotokari, uye mari yemari yemari yemari, inowanzowedzerwa nemari yechivimbo chehurumende.

Fundo Yenhau 4: I - 35 Kukura Muchadenga muAustin kuSan Antonio

Department of Traffation (TxDOT) inotarisira rimwe remikoto inofambiswa zvikuru nekoriji dzinofamba zvikuru munyika: Interstate 35 pakati paAustin naSan Antonio. Mavhoriyamu emotokari paiyi nzvimbo anopfuura 200 000 motokari pazuva. Muna 2022, TxDOT yakavamba chirongwa chokuwedzera che $3, chichava basa rekuwedzera mabhiriyoni $3, richawedzera nzira mbiri dzinooneka murutivi rumwe norumwe, kurongazve kufambiswa kwebhazi nokukurumidza. Iri ibasa renyika remhando yakakurumbira: inopamhidzano mitero yakawanda, inowana mari yepeturo yepeturo yemari uye mari yomumugwagwa mukuru, uye kero yemari inodzorongedzerwa namasangano omunharaunda dzomunzvimbomo (MPO) pakubuda uye pamibatanidzwa nesangano renzvimbo yenzvimbo yepasi pedu. Hurumende inoenzanisira kugona kuratidzira sei kufambiswa kweguta rimwe chete kana kuti ishamise kubvumira kushara kusha kwaro kwaro kwayo.

Fundo 5: Chiono Chinokurumidza Kukurumidza cheCalifornia

Chirongwa chakakwirira cheraruwe yeCalifornia ibasa renyika rinonyandurwa nechido chokubatanidza San Francisco neLos Angeles nezvitima zvinoshanda nemagetsi zvinofamba kusvika ku220 mph. California High Rail Authority yakaitwa nomutemo wehurumende. Mari yakabva mumipimo yechisungo chehurumende (Procratice 1A, inotenderwa muna 2008) uye mari yehurumende, kunyange zvazvo chirongwa chacho chatarisana nendyiko dzinodzokororwazve netsoro neshoro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Pakazosvika 2024, kuvakwa kuri kufambira mberi pachikamu che 171 chemimile muCentral Valley. Kunyange nedenho dzacho, chirongwa chacho chinoratidza mano ehurumende okuchinja zvokufambisa zvinhu izvo zvinopfuura miganho yomunzvimbomo uye kubetsera mamiriro okunze ezveupfumi.

Chidzidzo 6: Kushambadzwa Mumisha MuMinnesota

Nyika yeMinnesota yakakudza zvikuru kusvika kwapaburi reInternet kumaruwa. Kupfurikidza neBordband Development Grant Program yayo yeBorde, Department yeMinnesota yeScolotah neEconomic Development inogovera mari yakafanana kuvamiriri vebasa reInternet. Muna 2023, hurumende yakagovera mamirioni $100 nokuda kwezvirongwa zvinobatanidza nzvimbo dzisina kuchengetwa uye dzinochengetwa. Iyi zvikurukuru ibasa rehurumende, kunyange zvazvo ichigamuchira mari yehurumende kubva kuBroadband Equity, Accession, uye Deployment (BEAD) purogiramu yehurumende inogadza mipimo yezvitsauko zvakakwirira, mitengo yakakwirira, uye purofiti yemari inodzo yehurumende inoenzanisira kuvandudza sei hurumende kupfurikidza nokugadzira zvinhu zvounyanzvi.

Hurumende Inotonga Nyika: Zvinoshandiswa Kuderedza Kukura

Hurumende yehurumende zvikurukuru mari negadziriro dzehwaro zvorudzi. Maturusi ayo anobatanidza kupambadza kwakananga, mari inotambirwa, zvikarakadzo zvemitero, uye tarisiro yehurumende (sezvinei, kuhwirudzura mhoteredzo, mipimo yekotsekano). Kuiswa kwemari yenzanga kunowanzovavarira kuwana kuenzana, makwikwi ezvemari, uye chengeteko yenyika.

Fundo Yemharaka 7: Interstate High System — Chiratidzo Chenyika

Yakanyorwa neFederal-Aid Highway Act ya1956 uye yakatsigirwa naPrezidenti Eisenhower, Interstate Highway System ndiyo nhano yesangano repfuma yehurumende inoshandura zvikurusa munhau yeU. Hurumende yakafukidza 90% yendyiko dzokuvaka kupfurikidza neHighway Trust Fund, inotsigirwa nemutero wehurumende. Nyika yakagadzira ndokuchengeta migwagwa kumipimo yehurumende. Zvino inopazamura anopfuura mamaira 4 000 000 uye inodzosa kukura kweAmerica, kukura kwezvokutengeserana, uye kutengeserana kwepakati penyika. Kunyange nhasi, Interstate Highway Sy Sy Sysystem ichiri muenzaniso mukuru wemubatanidzwa mukutanga musangano rezvokufambisa zvenyika yose.

Nyaya 8: Fambiselo Rehurumende Yematunhu Echitima

Federal Transit Administration (FTA) inogovera mari yokuisa mari yedzimbahwe (New Stars neSmall Stars) inobetsera maguta kuvaka mitsetse mitsva yenjanji negadziriro dzokufambisa dzinokurumidza. Muna 2023, FTA yakapa mabhiriyoni $2,3 kuti irongedzerwe zvivako munyika yose, kubatanidza Purple Line light ray muMaryland neBus Rapid Transit system muAlquit, Mexico. Iyi inopa mari yomunzvimbomo inowirirana nendyiko inodzokorodza yakakomba. Basa rehurumende nderokugovera, mari refu inogonesa maguta kutora zvikamu zvinosvika mabhiriyoni akawanda nezvipfunhanhava izvo zvichava zvinobvira kubvirira kuva zvinobvira nepfuma zvomunzvimbomo zvogaro. Iyi inhau inosimbiswa sei kushamba yokugadzirwa kwemari mubatanidzwa kwomugariro wazvino unoderedza kunzvera.

Kuongorora Nyaya 9: Masoja Evainjiniya Nekudzora Mafashamo

Hurumende yeUnited States Corps of Engineers (sangano rehurumende) yakagadzira zvirongwa zvikuru zvokudzora mafashamo zvakadai seLeves, madhamu, uye mhinganidzo dzinowedzera. Pashure peHurricane Katrina, Corps vakapedza mabhiriyoni 4,5 emadhora ePrasky neSquall Reduction Reduction System yeNew Orleans. Iyi gadziriro inobatanidza njodzi yemamita akawanda paInner Harbor Kaval uye mari yeinjiniya yakavandudzwa. Kutsigira mari neunyanzvi hweinjiniya kwakanga kuri madikanwa nemhaka yokuti chikero nemhare zvakapfura kana kuti kuoma kwehurumende zvakadzivirira guta pazviitiko zvakawanda zvemhemurusaru kubvira pakupera kwayo muna 2018. Chirongwa chinoratidzira kuti njodzi ine ngozi, hurumende ndiyo nguva zhinji inokwanisa kubudisa mari inokosha uye zvinhu zvemaindaneti.

Zvinetso Zvomuhurumende Zvikuru

Nepo mwero mumwe nomumwe uchiunza mano akasiyana, vanotarisanawo nezvinetso zvinoramba zvichipfuurira zvinogona kudzivisa kufambira mberi kwegadziriro dzezvinhu.

  • Hurumende yenharaunda yepano ne inorwisana nenzvimbo dzemari yakaganhurirwa navagari vemo vaduku. Maguta mazhinji haagoni kubhadhara mainjiniya chaiwo kana kuti varongi, kuchitungamirira kukushanda panzvimbo pokutarisirwa kwegadziriro dzemitengo. Kushaikwa kwemitengo kunogona kuita kuti zvirongwa zvidhurire pamunhu.
  • Hurumende yeruwa inofanira kudzikamisa fariro dzomunharaunda dzinokwikwidzana. Muiti wemitemo weruwa angashora kutsigira nemari chirongwa chokufambisa chikuru, nepo mumiriri weguta angadzivisa migwagwa yepurazi kuenda kumisika. Zviverengero zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvinogona kudzongonyedza gadziriro dzezvirongwa zvemari kwegore rakawanda. Masangano ehurumende anotarisanawo nemutoro wemubatanidzwa.
  • Hurumende yeFEDA inotarisana nepfungwa pamusoro pemiitiro yokutsigira mari (sezvikurukuru, kuwedzera kwomutero wepeturu, mari yokubhadhara mari). Zviverengero zvegore negore zvinoparira kusapanikira nokuda kwezvibvumirano zvinoda zvibvumirano zvamakore gumi. Uyezve, kuongorora mhoteredzo nebvumiro zvomubatanidzwa zvinogona kutora makore, kunyange kunonotsa mabasa okukurumidzira. Chinetso chacho kuchengetedza zvinhu zvenyika nepo zvichibvumira kuchinjika kwomunzvimbomo.

Zvinetso izvi hazvigoni kugadziriswa, asi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa chaizvo nehurumende zvinoziva kuti dzinodyidzana uye dzinoshanda pamwe chete.

Simba Rokusimbisa: Zvatinodzidza Mumuitiro

Apo hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, hurumende, uye dzehurumende dzinoronga zvinhu zvadzo zvinokosha nezviwanikwa, miuyo inogona kuva yechienzi. Muenzaniso mumwe unocherekedzwa ibatira pamwe paTappan Zee Bridge inotsiva muNew York. Gavhuna mutsva Mario M. Cuomo Bridge, kuyambuka Rwizi rweHudson, chirongwa chezvikamu 3,1 chehurumende (New York State Thruway Authouty) asi yakawana purofiti ye $6 bhirizimu yeInfraclaise NaInnovation Act (TIA) uye mari inodzorwa mumugwagwa mukuru. Hurumende dzomunharaunda dzakabatanidzwa munzverongedzero dzemhoteredzo uye dzakabvumirana pamijaho. Chirongwa chacho chakaendeko mberi kwerusaro nemari yakadzorwa mumitengo. Iyi yakadzorongerwe nokudzorwa kwemitezo huru.

Mumwe muenzaniso iAlameda Corridor, njanji inotakura zvinhu ine mirefu 20 inoratidzira nzira inobatanidza zviteshi zvengarava zveLos Angeles neLong Beach nemubatanidzwa wepasi pekondinendi. Iri basa mabhiriyoni US $2,4 (Z $4,4) rakanga riri basa rimwe pakati pamaguta maviri, Los Angeles County, station yeCalifornia, uye hurumende. Mwero mumwe nomumwe wakagovera mari, mvumo, uye tsigiro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Muuyo wakanga uri kuderera kukuru mukukwira kwerori mumigwagwa yomunzvimbomo uye zvinhu nokukurumidza. Chirongwa chacho chakapedzwa muna 2002 uye chinoramba chiri chibvumirano chemari yemitezo yemitezo yemari yemari yemari yemari.

Mugumisiro: Kudzora Zvinhu Nokuda Kwounhu Hwokudzidzisa

Nzvero dzinopiwa pano dzinoratidzira kuti mwero wenhau dzehurumende zvikuru nokuda kwekubudirira kwegadziriro. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinobudirira pamipimo yezvirongwa zvenzanga nokukurumidza kupindura asi dzinoda betsero yemari nokuda kwemabasa makuru. Hurumende ihurumende vatsinhiranisi vanobudirira venharaunda uye dzinogona kuwiriranisa fariro dzomunzvimbomo dzakasiyana- siyana, asi dzinogona kudziviswa nemhirizhonga yezvamatongerwe enyika. Hurumende yeFederal inogovera nguva refu, mari inotsigiswa, uye mipimo yenyika, bva inogona kunzwa iri kure nezvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo. Mitengo inobudirira zvikurusa inomuka apo aya mwero inoisa zvitengo zvayo, unyanzvi, uye chiremera.

Nokuda kwavadzidzisi, vadzidzi, uye vagadziri vemiitiro, kunzwisisa izvi zvinhu zvinokosha. Kunosimbisa kuti zvivako zvinochengeteka hazvisi pamusoro pekongiri nesimbi chete. Zvingadzora nokudzidza kubva mukubudirira kwenyika chaiyo nokukundikana, vatungamiriri venguva yemberi vanogona kuronga miganhu, inowirirana, uye inoshanda. Kuwedzera, kuona U.S. Department of Transports nokuda kwemitemo yehurumende, Conferaliation of State Legistrations[FLT] yehurumende inogoverana.