Migumisiro Yakaoma Yokudzorera Kumwe: Kuongorora Zvisarudzo Nokuongorora Nyaya

Zvisarudzo zvemiitiro zvinomirira zvimwe zvezviito zvikuru zvinogona kuitwa nehurumende. Zvinodzoserazve maindasitiri ose, zvinodzoserazve mavambo makuru, zvinochinja mufambiro wevatengi, uye zvinogona kureva kusiyana pakati poupenyu norufu kuvanhu vasina dziviriro. Vadzidzi vemiitiro yavose, bhizimisi, uye mutemo, vanonzwisisa kutevedzerwa kwakazara kwechisarudzo chokudzorwa kwedanho. Kubva pakuda kuita chinhu chisingadzorwi kusvikira pamugumisiro usingakarirwi. Nyaya ino inonzvera nhau dzakawanda mumhoteredzo, mari, zvokudya, kuvandika, mashoko ezvisaririra, uye zvikamu zvezvokutengeserana zvenyika yose kuenzanisira kuti zvisarudzo zvinoparira sei kuiswazve, kazhinji kacho zvakakundikana, uye chaisatongokarirwa, tinovaka gadziriro chaiyoiyo zvikuru nokuda kwokugadzira.

Chisarudzo Chokutungamirira

Pamberi pokupinda muzvinoitika zvakati, kunobetsera kunzwisisa mirau youpenyu yechisarudzo chokutungamirira. Kudzorwa kunowanzovamba nokukundikana kunooneka kwomusika kana kuti njodzi yenzanga: kushatisa kunokuvadza utano hwemafemo, kukweretesa zvokudya zvine utachiona kunonyandura njodzi yemari, kana kuti zvokudya zvine utachiona zvinoparira chirwere chakapararira. Mitemo kana kuti masangano anoronga mitemo inoronga kururamisa kundikano. Mitemo inoparira ndyiko dzavatambi vanotambisa − ganhuriro, ganhuriro dzinoshanda, kushuma mitoro, panguva inoparira betsero nokuda kwavamwe: mhepo inochenesa, zvigadzirwa zvemari zvakakotsekana, kana kuti shanyo shomanene dzechipatara.

Kupesana pakati pendyiko idzi nebetsero ndiko uko nhau chaiyoiyo iri. Hapana chisarudzo chokutungamirira chinoparira miuyo yakanaka yakafanana. Vakundi navakundi vanobuda. Vashambadzi vanochinja munzira dzisingatongofanotaurwa. Uye mhoteredzo yezvamatongerwe enyika inochinja, pane dzimwe nguva inoputsa murairo umene wakasanorongwa. Kunzwisisa mirauriro kwakura kunoda kurwisana nouku kuoma.

Fundo Yokutanga: Mutemo Wakachena Wemhepo Nokudzorwa Kwemhoteredzo

Mavambo uye Kungwarira

Clean Air Act ya 1963, yakagadziridzwa zvikuru muna 1970, 1977, uye 1990, inomirira chimwe chegadziriro dzinoshuva zvikurusa dzemhoteredzo munyika. Donzo rayo guru rakanga rakananga: kutanga mipimo yemhepo yakanaka yorudzi nokuda kwezvinoshatisa zvinorangarirwa kuva zvinokuvadza kuutano hwavanhu nemhoteredzo, uye inoda kuti nyika dzitange gadziriro dzokuita kuti zvisvike mipimo iyoyo. Kugadziriswa kwa1970 kwakapa chiremera chichangobva kuumbwa cheNzvikwaniriso zveNzvikwanisviro ndokugadza mipimo yenguva yamasimba masimba nokuda kwokuderera kwemitengiswa yenzvimbo dzose dziri mbiri dzinonzi dzinokuvadza utano hwehurumende dzakadai semafekitari namagwedhi okufambisa.

Utano Hwakakura Hunovapo

Utano hwavanhu hunobva muCease Air Act hwakaoma zvikuru. Mukuwirirana nomushumo we2020 EPA, betsero dzakabatanidzwa dzegadziriro dzeCeaner Air Act dzinobatanidza 23 000 vanofungidzirwa kuva vanourawa nguva isati yasvika, kuderera muhosha dzemwoyo, kuderera kweasima inorasika, uye kuiswa muchipatara. Kuderera kwezvinhu zvinonyunguriranwa zvoga kwakabatanidzwa nokuvandudza kwemapapu mukushanda muvagari vemo, zvikurukuru vana navakweguru. Uku kukura kunoshandura kuva ukoshi hwemari: kudziviswa kweutano, kurasikirwa nokushanda kwezuva, uye kuwanda kwekugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa kwezvipatara.

Migumisiro Yakashata Yemari

Zvisinei, mutoro wokubvuma wave wakakura. Ndyiko dzemagetsi anoiswa mumarasha dzakaita sechizvarwa chemagetsi anotsva, kugadzirwa kwemakemikari, uye kugadzirwa kwemotokari dzakapedza mabhiriyoni pamichina inodzora kubudiswa kwemhepo. Ndyiko dzeChene Air Act dzakafungidzirwa paanenge mabhiriyoni $65 pagore seya2020. Izvi zvakatungamirira kusima kuvharwa kwedzimwe nzanga, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzinodzika magetsi dzeAppalchia neMidWest. Vashandi muidzidzidzidzidzidzi idzi vakabereka mutengo mukuru wemari inochinja, unoratidza kuti kusanosaiswa kwemitemo inogona sei kubudisa kurwadza nokubviswa kwenzvimbo nenzvimbo.

Kuvandudza Unyanzvi Sebetsero Isingakarirwa

Imwe yemiuyo inokosha zvikurusa isingadzorwi yeCeat Air Act yave iri fambiro mberi yezvoruzivo rwokudzora kushatisa. Scrubbers nokuda kwenzvimbo dzesimba, zvichinjiso zvechikamuranisi zvemotokari, uye gadziriro dzokunzvera dzazvino uno zvose zvakaoneka murutivi mukupindura kudzvinyiriro yokudzoresa. Ikoku kwakagadzira maindasitiri matsva nemikana yokutumira kudzimwe nzvimbo, kuchikarakadza kuti kuvandudzwa kwemitemo kunogona kuderedza mutengo wakati wokuteerera kwenguva yakati. Chidzidzo ndechokuti zvisarudzo zvokudzora hazvingoisi mariwo zvayo; izvo zvinodzokorora zvinoparira nzira dzinoparira kubudirira kwounyanzvi.

Kurwisana Kwepamutemo Nekwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Clean Air Act yave iriwo nzvimbo yehondo dzepamutemo dzinopfuurira, kubva ku Chavevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council muna 1984 kusvikira ku Massachusetts v. EPA[[FLT]] [[FLT]] muna 2007, iyo yakasimbisa kuti carbon dioxide ingagona kudzorwa sechivhozhozhowe pasi poMutemo. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti zvisarudzo zvekudzorodzo haisi mabasa okupedzisira asi kurukurirano dzinopfuurira pakati pamasangano, matare, mapoka enzvimbo dzakapoteredza, uye vatsigiri vemhoteredzo. Revo remitemo dzinochinja nguva kupfurikidza nokupfumba nokupfuudzira.

Fundo Yenhau 2: Mutemo weDodd-Frank uye Kusagadzikana Kwemari

Mavambo Ari Munjodzi

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, yakasainwa mumutemo muna July 2010, yakanga iri jambwa gurusa remitemo yemari yeU.S. chifo cheNew Account. Kufamba kwayo kwakatevera njodzi yemari ya2008, umo kukundikana kwamasangano makuru akadai seVamasangano eLehman uye kuparadzwa kweAIG kwakafumura utera hukuru mugadziriro yezvemari. Madonzo akataurwa aibatanidza kusimudzira dzikamo yemari, kuguma "Kunyanyokundikana," kudzivirira vatengi pamiitiro yokutuka, uye kuwedzera kuoneka kwemisika.

Chinjo Huru

Dodd-Flack yakaita masangano matsva anoverengeka: Financial Stability Oversecter Council kuti itarise ngozi yegadziriro, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau kuti itsigire mitemo yedziviriro yavatengi, uye Chiremera cheMitemo cheMitemo kuti chidzore masangano anokosha anokundikana. Yakaisa Volcker Rural, iyo yakaganhurira mabhangi pakutengesa zvinhu, uye yaida kuchenura nzvimbo huru nokuda kwezvivakiso zvizhinji zvenyika.

Kubatsira Kunoita Mari

Muuyo weChibvumirano unooneka zvikurusa wave uri pagadziriro yeindasitiri yebhangi. Mabhangi makuru akawedzera zvikuru nzvimbo dzawo dzinochengeterwa dzimbahwe, kuchideredza bviro yebhero yomunguva yemberi. Volcker Ruramo rwakamanikidzira mabhangi akawanda kupotsa kana kuti kuderedza mabasa awo okushambadza. Ndyiko dzeComporance dzave dziri huru: kupfurikidza nezvikarakadzo, mabhangi makurusa eU. . mabhangi anopedza mabhiriyoni emabhiriyoni gore rimwe nerimwe pakutevedzerwa kwemitengo, kubatanidza kugadzirwa kwengozi, kutendiswa kwomukati, uye mabasa epamutemo. Mabhangi maduku akataura kuti mutoro wokudzosera mutoro wacho ideteshi inodzo, inotungamirira kubatira yakasimba mukubhangidza nzanga yenzanga yenzanga uye kuderera kukwereta munzvimbo dzomumaruwa.

Kudzivirirwa Kwevatengi

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau yakadzorera mabhiriyoni emadhora kuvatengi vakakuvadzwa nemiitiro isiri yapamutemo, kubatanidza kugadziriswa kwembatya dzemota zvisina kururama, mitero yemakadhi echikwereti anonyengera, uye kukweretesa mishonga yetsotsi. Zvisinei, CFPB yakatarisanawo netsoropodzo pamusoro pegadziriro yayo yokudzora nemitoo yokutarisira. Dambudziko resangano racho rachinja negadziriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika, zvichiratidzira kuderera kwemasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika kudzokororo. Ikoku kunosimbisa pfundo gurusa: zvisarudzo zvokudzosera zvagara nesimba semibatanidzwa yezvamatongerwe enyika inovatsigira.

Migumisiro Nematsotsi Zvisingakarirwi

Vatsoropodzi veDodd-Frank vanonongedzera kumiuyo mishomanene isingakanwi. Mutoro wokuteerera wakaderedza kuwanika kwechikwereti nokuda kwamabhizimisi maduku navatengesi vedzimba vokutanga. Vamwe vanotaura kuti kuoma kweChibvumirano kwakaita kuti gadziriro yemari ive yakajeka zvikuru, kwete mishoma. Uye nepo Act yakagadzirirwa kudzivisa njodzi dzemari dzenguva yemberi, gadziriro yokuchengeta mumvuri yemari yakaita kuti shopu , mari yapachivande, uye vakweretesi vasiri vapamuhomberi dzemo chakura zvikuru kunze kwokusvika kwayo. Uku kutama kwengozi kuti mitezo yakadzorwa kumitezo yakadzorwa inowanzova mutoo wakaisvonaka: murairo weimwe nzvimbo unowanzopinza mumwe basa, kuvamba kuva matsva.

Kuravazve pamusoro petapuro refu dzenhambo yeDodd-Frank, Federal Reserve yezvemari nhevedzano yenzvero inogovera kurongwa kune udzame kwetapuro dzepashure pemabrista maresire.

Fundo 3: Muitiro Wekuchengeteka Kwezvokudya Wazvino Uno

Kudzivisa Kupindura

FDA Food Safety Moderdation Act, yakasainwa mumutemo muna January 2011, yakamirira kuchinja kukuru kwegadziriro yokudzivirira zvokudya muUnited States. Pamberi peFSMA, gadziriro yokudzivirira zvokudya yakanga iri yokuda kukurumidza kufeyafeya: masangano akaongorora kutanga kwezviitiko pashure pokunge zvaitika. FDA SAMA yakatamira kunzvimbo yakavakirwa pakudzivirira, ichida zvokudya kuti ishandise uye igadziridze nguva dzose gadziriro dzezvokudya, kuronga njodzi, uye kuita zviito zvokururamisa. Yakapawo chiremera chekuyeuka DADAG.

Kukunda Zvinetso

Kushandiswa kweFSMA kwave kwakaoma uye kunoshandura. Mutemo waida FDA kubudisa mitemo yakawanda nezvinyorwa zvenhungamiro, uchifukidza chinhu chiri chose kubva pakubudisa mipimo yekotsekano yokudzivirira kudzorwa kwezvokudya zvavanhu nemhuka. Kudzokororwa kweTsinho kwakatungamirira kukugadziridza kukuru. Mapurazi maduku navagadziri vemichina, zvikurukuru, akatarisana nedenho dzinowirirana nokuchengeta nokutarisira zvinodikanwa. FDA yakapa misi yokushanda yakachinjika negadziriro dzebetsero dzemichina kupfavisa mamiriro ezvinhu okuchinja, asi mutoro pamibato miduku unoramba uri pfundo regakavadzano.

Migumisiro Inoyerwa Muzvokudya Zvakakotsekana

Mitauro pamusoro petapuro youtano hwavanhu vose ichiri kuunganidzwa, asi zviratidzo zvapakuvamba zvinovimbisa. Kuitika kwezvirwere zvakati zvinotapurwa nezvokudya kwakaderera chifo chomukoto womutemo. Kurova kwakabatanidzwa nezvokudya zvinodzorwa zviri kuonekwa ndokumiswa nokukurumidza zvikuru, nemhaka yokuvandudza mano okudzokera shure uye zvinodikanwa zvokuzivisa. Mutemo wakanyandurawo kugamuchirwa kweruzivo rwekuchengeteka rwezvokudya, kubatanidza kuedzwa kwekachimbichimbi-kare-kare uye kuiswa kwezvinovhaira mutsetse wetsa.

Kubetsera Kwemari Nokuda Kwavagadziri

Mitengo inowirirana neFSMA haisi mitengo. Mapurazi nenzvimbo dzezvokudya zvakaisa michina inogadziriswa, mapurogiramu okurovedza, uye mabasa okubvunza kuti zvisvike mipimo mitsva. Vamwe vagadziri vaduku vakawana ndyiko dzinorambidzwa, zvichitungamirira kukubatanidza zvikamu zvakati. Panguva imwe cheteyo, mutemo wakaparira mikana yokutengesa yokubvunza mafekitari ezvokudya, kuongorora marabhora, uye mibato yezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Muuyo wemari hauna kuenzana: zvokudya zvakakotsekana zvinoderedza ndyira yezvitsamanyuko zvechino chezvivamba, asi mari iyoyo inoparadzirwa muchiverengero chavagari vemo, nepo mari inoteverwa zvakananga inosvika pavagadziri vezvinhu.

Fundo 4: Kudzivirira Kudzorwa Kwemashoko Nezvinhu Zvisiri Zvemunhu

Kusvika Kwomunyika Yose Kwomutemo weEurope

European Union’s General Data Protection Regculation, inobudirira May 2018, zvichida ndiyo mirau inopesvedzera zvikurusa yakavanzika munhau. Kunyange zvazvo uri mutemo weEurope, kusvika kwaro kupasi rose: sangano ripi neripi rinoita mashoko avanhu vamwe navamwe muEU rinofanira kuwirirana, pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo iyo sangano rakavakirwa. Iyi miuyo yokuwedzera yakamanikidzira makambani kupota nyika yose kurangarirazve miitiro yavo yemiitiro, kuvambira pamakesi ewebsite kusvikira kumarekodhi evashandi kusvikira kumanyurosa.

Gadziriro Huru Nenzvimbo Yadzo

GDPR yakasuma nheyo dzamanyuko dzinoverengeka: kuderedza mashoko, ganhuriro yedonzo, uye kuzvidavirira. Masangano anofanira kuva nehwaro hwapamutemo hwekugadzira mashoko, vanhu vane maruramiro okuwana, kururamisa, uye kudzima mashoko avo, uye kuputsanya kunofanira kushumwa mukati memaawa 72. Mazai anogona kusvika ku 4% yemari yenyika yose yegore negore. Chinangwa chakanga chiri kupa vanhu udzori hukuru zvikuru pamifungo yavo yomunhu oga uye kutsinhiranisa mitemo yakavanzika mudzimwe nyika dzeEU, kuchideredza kukamukana.

Kutapura Mabhizimisi

Kupindura kwebhizimisi kuGDPR kwave kuri kukuru. Makambani akapinza mazana amamirioni mugadziriro dzokuteerera, kubatanidza kunzvera mashoko, zvikuva zvokubvuma, kunzvera kwapachivande, rovedzo dzakavanzika, uye rovedzo dzavashandi. Mutemo wave uchiparirawo basa idzva ravakuru vakuru vedziviriro dzemikoto, vapi vechivande, uye vatsigiri vemibatanidzwa yekombiyuta vanobatira pamwe. Makambani makuru eruzivo rwamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu ane mitaro yenyika yose, ave achidhura asi achitarisirwa. Makambani maduku namanyoro, mutoro wave wakaoma zvikuru, nokusarudza kuvhara vashandisi veEUO chose chose panzvimbo pokuisa kudzorwa.

Kumanikidza Nokufambira Mberi

Zviito zvokumanikidzira zvakagovera nhungamiro inokosha pamiganhu yemirau. Zvisakiso zvikuru zvinobatanidza izvo zvinorwisana neMeta (U.S.2 bhirioni nokuda kwokutamisira mashoko kuU.S.), Amazon (mamirioni 746 nokuda kwemiitiro yokushambadzira), uye Tik Tok (mamirioni 345 nokuda kwemiganhu yemirayiro yevana). Zvisarudzo izvi zvakajekesa ukuru hwemisengwa yeGDPR, zvikurukuru mumitengo yenyika yose inochinjira ku SSrim II chisarudzo, icho chakaderedza mamiriro ezvinhu echigadziko echigadziro.

Migumisiro Yaisatarisirwa uye Kugamuchira Zvinochinja

GDPR yakaita miuyo mizhinji isingadzorwi. Mutemo wakasimbisa nzvimbo yemisika yamakambani makuru oruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu anogona kubhadhara kuwirirana, nepo achigadzira mhinganidzo nokuda kwokuvamba navanokwikwidza vaduku. Kuneta kwokubvuma kwapararira, vanoshandisa vachivhura nenzira yemaokie mireza. Uye tarisiro yemiraudzo pa kubvuma kwomunhu mumwe nomumwe inobvisa mutoro pazvinetso zvemichina nekambiri yekamari inoongorora. Gakavarirano pamusoro pokushanda kweGDPR inopfuurira, nokumwe kutaura kuti yakatowedzera dziviriro dzakavanzika dzakavanzika uye vamwe vanonongedzera kuganhuriro dzayo dzokuchengeta.

Nokuda kwokupetwa kwenhamba dzokuchengeta namamiriro ezvinhu, [[FLT: 0] European Data Protection Board's shopu yenhamba [ inogovera mashoko akazara pamusoro penhau nezvirango.

Fundo Yenhau 5: Basel III Nemipimo Yokubhangisa Munyika Yose

Kudzoserazve Nyika Yose Kwakabatanidzwa

Basel III Claume, yakatangwa neBanking Supean Committee mumhinduro kunjodzi yemari ya2008, inomirira kuedza kuronga mitemo yebhangi mumativi ose. Inoshandiswa pakati pa2013 na2028 muzvikamu, Basel III inoda kuti mabhangi achengetedze zvikuru, achengete mari inowirirana, uye asvike padzinoyera. Chirongwa chirongwa chinoita kuti mabhangi atsungirire zvikuru kuvhuvhuvhuvhuvhudza uye kuderedza mikana yenjodzi dzenguva yemberi.

Zvikamu Zvikuru Nemaonere Azvo

Basel III akatanga mifungo inoverengeka: zvinodikanwa zviduku zvikuru zvezvisaririra zvezvisaririra zvemari zvakati kuti zvinozivikanwa zvikuru, chinochengetedzwa chamadzimbahwe, chidziviso chinopesana chinogona kusimudzwa mukati menhambo dzokuwedzera kwechikwereti kwakawanda, reshiyo sekumiswa kwezviito zvinoiswa pangozi, uye zvinodikanwa kubatanidza reshiyo yokupfuudza nokutora mari kwakakomba. Mufungo ndewokuti mabhangi ane mari iri nani angakundikana zvikuru uye anokwanisa kupfuurira kukweretesa mukati mekuderera kwemari.

Kushandisa Mashoko Akasiyana Neaipomerwa

Kushandiswa kweBasel III kwakasiana zvikuru munyika. European Union yakapinza mitemo kupfurikidza neCapital Confects Regation and Capital Confromment Directive Directive, nepo U.S. yakaishandisa kupfurikidza nemirau yeFederal Reserve. Kushandiswa kweUnited States kwave kuri kwakakomba zvikuru mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kubatanidza kushandiswa kwemipimo yakawedzerwa kumasangano ezvemari okumwe marudzi. Japan neChina dzakagamuchira mitoo yakagadzirirwa kugadziriro dzazvo dzokubhangi. Uku kuchinja kunoreva kuti mwero unofungidzirwa wokutamba munda wemitemo yenyika yose ichokwadi zvikuru kupfuura chaizvoizvo.

Kutapura Maitiro Emabhangi uye Misika Yemari

Muuyo weBasel III wave uri wedzero huru mumwero yemabhangi yemari muupfumi hwakakwirira. Mabhangi akaderedza kuvimba kwawo nemari yenhambo pfupi inoparadzirwa ndokuwedzera kuva kwawo nezvinhu zvakakwirira zvakaenzana. Zvisinei, murairo wacho wakabatanidzwawo nokuderera kwounyanzvi hwokugadzira misika yezvokutengeserana mune dzimwe kutengeserana, sezvo mabhangi akaderedza zvirongwa zvawo zvokugadzira zvinhu. Vamwe vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti gadziriro yacho yakaoma zvikuru uye inotsamira pamienzaniso yengozi inogona kuchengetwa, nepo vamwe vanotaura kuti zvinodikanwa zvikuru zvichiri zviduku zvikuru zvokudzivisa njodzi dzenguva yemberi.

Kutengeserana Pakati Pokudzorera Nokurevedza

Kuoma kwemarongedzero mumitemo yebhangi kuri pakati pekotsekano nokuwana chikwereti. Zvinodikanwa zvikuru zvinoita kuti mabhangi ave akachengeteka asiwo zvinoderedza kudzoka kwawo pawirirano, zvichigona kuatungamirira kuderedza kukweretesa kana kuti kukwidza. Mabhizimisi maduku neane mitanharo, anotsamira zvikuru pakukweretesa mabhangi, angatapurwa nenzira isingaenzaniswi. Kuwana dzikamo yakarurama idenho inopfuurira, uye kurongwa kweBasel III kunopfuurira kukurukurwa senhanongemutange yebasa rokupedzisira.

Kubatanidza Nzvero Yenhau: Mipimo Nezvidzidzo

Aymmetrian

Mutoo unobuda munzvero dzose shanu itsananguro yendyiko nebetsero. Ndyiko dzemitemo dzinokombamira kuiswa paindasitiri dzakati kana kuti mapoka amafemu, izvo zvinopa mapoka iwayo sundo ine simba yokushora kana kuti kupesana nemiraudzo. Betsero, mukupesana, dzinova dzinova dzinoparadzirwa kuchiverengero chavagari vemo: mhepo yakachena, zvokudya zvakakotsekana, misika yemari yakadzikama zvikuru. Iyi inoparira denho yokugadzirazve, sezvo vateveri vemitemo vanowanzova vasingarongedzeri varo zvikuru uye vasingapiwi nenzwi kupfuura avo vanotakura ndyiro.

Kuchinja

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, mirau yakamutsa kugadzirwa kwemitemo yezvoruzivo rwokugadzira zvokudya neforoma kuti zvisashandiswa. Mitemo yakachena yemhepo yakakuchidzira kugadzirwa kwemichina inodzora zvinobudisa zvinhu. Dodd-Frank yakakuchidzira kufambira mberi mukugadzira zvinhu zvine ngozi uye kuzviisa pasi. FSMA yakakurumidzisa kushandiswa kwemichina yokuchengetedza zvokudya. GDPR yakagadzira bhizimisi rose rokuteerera rakavanzika. Nepo kuvakwa kwechinhu chisingabvumirwi, chirongwa chokudzora chinobatanidza mipimo yakajeka nenguva refu zvinogona kuparira migariro yakanaka yokushandisa mari.

Kushandisa Somutambo Wakawanda

Kudzosera hakusi chisarudzo chenguva imwe asi muitiro unopfuurira. Kudzikamiswa kunoda magwaro enhungamiro, zvitevedzero zvokunzvera, zviito zvokuva vatsigiri, uye kuhwirudzura. Kudzorwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunochinja, zvinotanga kugadziridzwa. Zvirongwa zvokudzorwa kwemitemo zvinochinja, kazhinji kazhinji kuwana nzira dzokuwirirana nebhii remutemo parikuderedza pfungwa dzaro. Uku kudzora kunoreva kuti vagadziri vanofanira kukarira kwete bedzi mhinduro yokutanga asi zvirongwa zvokuchinja zvichabuda munguva. Gadziro dzezuva, nhambo dzinodiwa, uye gadziriro dzokushandisa kugadziridza dzinogona kubetsera kuramba dzichibudirira sezvo migariro inochinja.

Denho Yematuro

Munyika yose, mirau inomira pamiganhu yenyika haishandi. Ceaner Air Act haigoni kudzora kubudiswa kwemafekitari muChina kana kuti India ayo anobatsira kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze enyika yose. Dodd-Frank haigoni kudzivisa kukura kwemitengo yemimvuri, yakawanda inoshanda kugura miganhu. GDPR yakashandisa miganhu yemiganhu asi ichiri kutarisana nezvinetso mukurambidza makambani ari kunze kweEU. Basel III akaedza kubatana nemativi enyika asi akaita mibato isingawirirani. Vagadziri vemiteverio vanofanira kurangarira nenzira dzinowedzera, vachishandisa zvibvumirano zvenyika dzakawanda, zvibvumirano zvinozivikanwa, uye zvirongwa zvinozivikanwa nevakawanda.

Mugumisiro: Kuronga Kunochinja

Nyaya yacho yakanzverwa pano(-"The Clean Air Act , Dodd-Frank Act, Food Safety Modertiation Act, General Data Protection Regation, uye Basel III chiratidzo chedandero(dandemutande) izvo zvisarudzo zvokutungamirira zvinoparira, kubvisa, uye kazhinji kazhinji miuyo inopesana. Hapana murairo wakanaka kana kuti yakashata chose chose chose. Rudziro rumwe norumwe runomirira kutengeserana: pakati pechengeteko yavose nemutengidzo yemari, pakati pedziviriro yemari nokupinda mumibato, pakati peteramo yegadziriro yetsika nemibato yemari.

Nokuda kwavadzidzisi, vadzidzi, uye varapi vemiitiro, chinhu chikuru ndechokuti nzvero huru inofanira kuva yokusadzorwa, yemashoko akapoteredza, uye yokuzvininipisa. Kudeya kutaura pamusoro pezvichaitika zvinofanira kubatwa nenzira yokupanikira, uye zvisarudzo zvinofanira kuvakirwa mumuitiro wokutungamirira. Gadziriro dzinoshanda zvikurusa hadzisi idzo dzinoita chinhu chiri chose panhamburiko yokutanga, asi idzo dzinobatanidza miitiro yokudzidza, kuchinjika, uye nzira. Kupfurikidza nokufunda zvose zviri zviviri kubudirira nokundika kwezvisarudzo zvekare, tinogona kuvaka gadziriro chaiyoiyo neinobetsera nokuda kwokugadzira miraudzo yamangwana.