Voter inoumba chinyorwa chezvisarudzo zvose zvehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Pasina ndaza yakarurama neinopfuudza yavavhotai vakakodzera, hapana gadziriro yavavhoti inogona kushanda nenzira yapamutemo. Muitiro wacho unotema kuti ndiani anogona kukanda muvhoti, kuchiita kuti zvive zvose zviri zviviri nzira yokutora nokudzivirira kwokutsoropodza kuvhota. Asi kunyoresa kwokuvhota kunowanzofuratirwa, kusingatarisirwi sebasa renguva dzose apo chaizvoizvo inoumba miuyo inosarudzwa nechivimbo chavose. Nyaya inonzvera nhevedzano yakazara yemiitiro yokunyoresa, kusawirirana pakati pekupinda nokuperera, uye zviito zvinoshanda izvo vakuru vakuru vakuru vasa, vagadziri vemiitiro, vagari vezvigaro vanogona kugamuchirwa kuti vasimbise hurumende inosarudzwa.

Nheyo Dzokunyoresa Mumabhuku Echitoro

Pakati pezvipo, nyoreso zvevhoti ndiyo muitiro uyo vagari vemo vakakodzera vanowedzera nawo mazita avo pandaza yapamutemo yavavhoti vakakwaniriswa. Ndaza iyi, inowanzonzi muvhoti, inoshandiswa kusimbisa chizivikanwo, kugovera nzvimbo dzokuvhota, uye kuverenga mavhota. Mavambo egadziriro dzokunyoresa dzazvino uno anovambira shure kuzana ramakore rechi 19, apo kuva mumaguta makuru nokupinda munyika kwakakuita kuti kuve kuri madikanwa kudzivisa vasati vari vazvikwaniri ndokudzokorora vavhoti kuti vasarutsi pakuisa mubato mukuru. Nhasi, muvhotera anobatira mabasa matatu makuru:

  • [[[FLT: 0] Kujeka: Kurangarira kuti vanhu bedzi vanosvitsa zera, ugari, uye kugara kunogona kuvhota.
  • Pedzisa Kururama: Kuchengeta marekodhi ezuva anobvisa vanhu vakafa, zvifambiso, uye manyuko akatsvedzerwa.
  • Administration: Kugovera vakuru vakuru vesarudzo mashoko anodikanwa kugovera zviwanikwa, marobhoti okugadzira, uye nzvimbo dzavashandi.

Nepo idzi vavariro dzichigoveranwa munyika yose, mitoo inoshandiswa kudziita inosiana zvikuru munyika dzose uye kunyange mukati mamarudzi. United States, somuenzaniso, haina gadziriro yokunyoresa yomubatanidzwa; panzvimbo pezvo, inotonga inotungamirira mirobhoti yadzo dzimene mumitemo yakasiana. Mukupesana, nyika zhinji dzeEurope dzinochengeta zvinyorwa zvamarudzi zvakabatana namapepa avagari vemo, kunyoresa kwokuzviitikira apo vagari vemo vanowana makore 18, uye kugadziridzwa kwekero dzinodikanwa. Kunzwisisa izvi kunokosha mukuyera zvikarakadzo zvipi nezvipi nezvipi nezvipi kuti zvishamise kunyoreswa.

Chikonzero Nei Mazai Akarurama Achikosha

Muvhoti usina kururama unogona kutungamirira kumiuyo miviri inokuvadza zvakaenzana. Chokutanga, kana mupumburu wacho ukaiswa mazita avanyakare kana kuti enhema, unova anotapurwa netsotsi, nemhaka yokuti mumwe munhu angagona kufungidzira muvhoti akabviswa. Chechipiri, kana mupumburu wacho wakaganhurirwa zvikuru — somuenzaniso, kana vavhoti vakakodzera vachibviswa nemhaka yezvikanganiso zviduku zvokudzora — ipapo nhamba huru yavagari vemo inobviswa. Zvidzidzo zvinobva kuBrennan Center yeRumbiso rweRumbiso zvinofungidzira kuti mamiriyoni evakwanieri havanyoreswi, nepo mamwe mamiriyoni ane mapepa enguva dzose. Chirongwa chokunyoresa chitsarudzo chipi nechipi chinofanira kutsatsatsatsa kumativi ose ari maviri (mwero yakakwirira) uye rucheno (zvikanganiso zviduku). Kuwana zvose zviri zviviri zvinoda kurongwa nokungwarira uye kuchengetwa kwemari.

Mitoo Yokunyoresa Namari Yazvino Uno

Zviremera zvekusarudza nhasi zvinoshandisa mhatsa yemikoto yokunyoresa kuti zvisvitse zvinodikanwa zvevhota dzakasiyana- siyana. Mutoo mumwe nomumwe unouya nezvokutengeserana maererano nebetsero, ndyiko, chengeteko, uye mwero yezvikanganiso. Zvikamu zviduku zvinotevera zvinonzvera mitoo inozivikanwa zvikurusa.

Kunyoresa Pakombiyuta

Kunyoresa pakombiyuta kwazova nzira yakakurumbira zvikuru mumashoko anopa. Vagari vanozadza fomu remichina, vanoriisa pakombiyuta, uye vanowanzowana kusimbiswa nokukurumidza. Gadziriro inowanzosimbisa kuzivikanwa kwomutengi nokuenzanisa nhamba yerezinesi ravo kana kuti nhamba yehurumende pamirayiridzo yehurumende. Zvikamu zvinosanganisira mutengo wemari shoma zvikuru yokunyoresa, zvikanganiso zvokupinda paIndaneti (sezvo mashoko anopiwa nomukumbiro wemakombiyuta), uye kukwidziridza panguva yokunyoresa. Mukuwirirana neNational Conference of State Legislatures, inopfuura 40 U.S. zvino inopa zvimiro zvekunyoresa paIndaneti. Zvisinei, nzira dzinofunga kuti makombiyuta akavimbika anogona kupinda paInternet, vakwegura, kana kuti vanhu vokumaruwa. Kuchengeteka kuripowo, maererano nezvinodzorwa kwemitezo yemitezo yemotokari yemotokari, zvinonzi kudzosera kusimba.

Kunyoresa Kwakavakirwa Patsamba

Pamberi peInternet, kunyoresa tsamba kwakanga kuri chinhu chikuru chinotsiva kutumira mashoko. Voters dzinokopa kana kukumbira fomu repepa, rizadze, rizorizadza, uye ritumire kuhofisi yesarudzo yomunzvimbomo. Nepo kunyoresa tsamba kuchiramba kuripo, inoita kuti nguva dzinofamba zvishoma nezvishoma, kurambwa kukuru nemhaka yezvimiro zvokusakwana kana kuti zvisingashandiswi, uye mari yakawanda zvikuru yokudhinda nokutumira. Dzimwe nyika dzakaedza kuita kuti dziite mafomu azvino uno nokubvuma kuongororwa kana kuti kutorwa mapikicha dzichishandisa iimeyili, asi mitemo yehurumende ichiri kunoda kunyorwa kwemashoko apakuvamba. Mutoo uyu unogona kuva mutauro wevasina makombiyuta, asi kupfuumbirwa kwawo kwakatungamirira vatsigiriri vakawanda kuti vatsigirine zvinhu zvinongoshanda kana kuti vasarutsive.

MuPersoni uye Kunyoresa Kwezuva Rimwe chetero

Mukunyoresa kwechipameso pamahofisi ehurumende, maraibhurari, kana kuti nzvimbo dzenzanga dzinoramba dziripo, zvikurukuru nokuda kwavavhoti venguva yokutanga kana kuti avo vanoda kuvandudza kero yavo. Chinjo yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero (SDR), uko kunobvumira vanhu kunyoresa nokuvhota pazuva rimwe chetero, zvimwe mukati mekuvhota kwapakuvamba kana kuti paZuva rokusarudza. SDR yakaratidzwa kusimudzira kuvhara, zvikurukuru pakati pevaduku navanotakufamba navashandi. Sakaro 23 uye Ruwa rweColumbia runopa kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero. Vatsoropotesi vanopikisa kuti SDR ikuita kuti kuone kuva kwakaoma kuyera nokuvhota zvakanaka, asi fundo nehofisi yeMaakaunzi yeHurumende yeHurumende haiwanikwi. Chikamu chokuita basa reSDR chinowana nguva chaiyo kuti chiwaro charo chagona kusimbisa kuva mugarika, uye kuva mugari wezera.

Kunyoresa Mubatanidzwa Wezvigadzirwa Zvemagetsi Zvinongozviitikirawo

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nyika yokutanga U. kuva muiti weAVR muna 2016, uye kubvira panguva iyeyo nyika dzinopfuura 20 dzakatevera zvitatiso. Muitiro wacho unowedzera zvikuru mwero wokunyoresa, unoderedza mitoro yokudzora, uye kuchenesa kupfurikidza nokunzvera mashoko ari mumasangano. Pew Critablers yakashuma kuti ARR jours akawedzera mazana ezviuru zvevarakiti idzva nokunyengera kusingadzorwi. Chinetsoro chikuru ndecho kuvimbisa kuti mashoko okuendesa pakati pamasangano anochengetedzwa uye akakwana, uye ane vagari vemo vakasakarurama kana vasina kunyorwa.

Kudzikamisa Kuwana Kwaungaita uye Kuperera

Chinonyanya kunetsa pakunyoresa kwevhoti ndechokuwana zvinhu zvakapesana nokuperera. Chirevo chinoita kuti zvive nyore kunyoresa — zvakadai seAVR, kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chete, uye mahombe epaIndaneti — chinowanzowedzera muvhoti, asi vamwe vanotaura kuti vanogadzira mikana yokukanganisa kana kuti kubiridzira. Asi zvinodiwa zvikuru zvakadai semitemo inovhota, uchapupu hwevagari vemo, uye kubvisa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvingadzivisa kubiridzira asi zvichiramba kuvhotera, zvikurukuru vanhu vashoma, varombo, uye vakwegura. Kuwana chiyero kunoda kuwirirana kubatana nokubudirira nokusimba.

Kushandisa Nzira Dzakawanda

Kuwedzera mashandiro aunoita mashandiro aunoita masanhe hakufaniri hako kuti uwane mari.

  • purogiramu dzokuvhota: Nhimbe dzakarongwa muzvikoro, nzvimbo dzebasa, uye nzvimbo dzenzanga dzinogona kunyoresa mapoka asingapiwi. Somuenzaniso, zvitima zvokuvhota pachikoro chapamusoro zvakaratidzwa kuwedzera pwere.
  • Mutauro weUniversal: Pasi peVoting Rights Act, miganhu ine vanhu vasingazivikanwi vanotaura French inofanira kugovera zvishandiso zvokunyoresa mumitauro mizhinji. Kukudza ichi chinodikanwa kunogona kubetsera vatami navagari vemo vakasikwa kutora rutivi.
  • [[[NUT]] MaMobile Obregister Unit: Vans kana kuti pop kiosk munzvimbo dziri kure kana kuti dzakaderera dzinounza kunyoresa kwakananga kuvagari vemo. Mudzimwe nyika, mibatanidzwa inofambisa inopawo vhotera nokukurumidza, kubatanidza wirirano nebvumirano yehurumende.
  • Zvisakiso zvokuvakwa: zvimiro zveUniversitive zvinofanira kuva zvinowirirana nokurava terevhizheni, zvimiro zvepepa zvinofanira kuwanika mumapepa makuru, uye munzvimbo dzinonzi dzinofanira kuva dzinosvikika. Dare reEcomment Consolation rinogovera nhungamiro nokuda kwokunyoresa kunowanika.
  • Kunyoresa kweAsi: Kubvumira 16 na 17 wemakore kunyoresa kuti vave vavhoti vanoshingaira vanobva vangotanga kutora 18 kusimudzira kutora rutivi kwenguva refu.

Kuchengetedza Kuperera

Kuchengeta perero kunoda kupindira kwakasiyana, kwakawanda kwacho kunogona kubatana nokuwana kwakawedzera:

  • [[NHAU]] Mahofisi eSarudzo anofanira kuita kuenzaniswa kwetsika nemamwe mapepa ehurumende (g., zvinyorwa zverufu, kuchinja kwekero, ndaza dzekutenderwa) kubvisa matendi asingachinjiki. Electronic Exposition Information Center (ERIC) inobetsera masangano 31 kugoverana mashoko edonzo iri.
  • SAURO DATES Kubata: Kuvimbwa kweCybersecurity ikokukura. Kunyora, kusimbisa kwamativi mazhinji, uye kunzvera kunofanira kudzivirira manyuko okunyoresa parakatemwa. Ecoup Infraturatural Information Sunikant and Antictivity Center (E-ISAC) inobetsera mahofisi omunzvimbomo kudzivirira tyisidziro.
  • [[FLT: 0] Process Zokunyoresa:[[FLT: 1] Kuenzanisa mashoko omunhu akakumbira nezvinyorwa zviripo — zvakadai senhamba yeNhare dzevezvemagariro avanhu kana kuti rezinesi rokutyaira — kunopa cheki yakasimba pasina kurayira muvhoti kuti anyore magwaro echibharo.
  • Mitemo yePhoto: Pashure pesarudzo, vakuru vakuru vanogona kuenzanisa zvinyorwa zvokunyoresa nezvivhoti zvinovhota kuti vazive maopa, akadai sevhoti dzakakandwa muzita ravanhu vakafa. Kuganhurirwa kwengozi kunorangarirwa kuva mupimo wendarama.

Zvinetso Zvepamutemo Nezvemitemo

Pasinei nemiitiro yakanakisisa, kunyoresa kwevavhoti kunoramba kuri nzvimbo inorwiwa nharo dzepamutemo uye gakava rezvematongerwe enyika.

Mitemo Yezvikwata Zvemari Yakanyorwa Nezvazvainoita

Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti kuda kuzivikanwa kwemifananidzo pakunyoresa kana kuti pakunzvera kunodzivisa kubiridzirwa. Vashori vanodzivisa kuti mamirioni eAmerica anoshaiwa mapikicha ehurumende — kazhinji kazhinji nemhaka yezera, urombo, kana kuti nhau dzokufamba — uye kuti mitemo yorumano inodzivisa kunyorwa. Nzvero kuHofisi yeMatare okuzvidavirira yeHurumende yakawana kuti zvinodikanwa zveDID zvikuru zvakaderedzwa neanenge mapfundo maviri muzana mumahomwe mahombe. Mamwe masangano akagamuchira zvigadzikiso, zvakadai sokugamuchira madhimoni echiuto kana kuti kugovera makadhi okuredhi okuresa.

Mahofisi Okusarudza Anodzidziswa

Vatarisiri vesarudzo vakawanda vomunzvimbomo vanoronga mari yetsandanyama yeshangu. Havana mari yokushandisa nokuda kworuzivo rwazvino uno, rovedzo, kusabatana kwekombiyuta, uye kubuda kwehurumende. Nzvero ya2020 neBrennan Center yakawana kuti mahofisi esarudzo muU.S. aida mari inofungidzirwa kuva mabhiriyoni US $2 (Z $2,50 000 000) mukuwedzera mari mumakore mashanu anotevera kuti vachengetedze mibato mikuru. Kuwedzera kutungamirira kukugadziridza nguva refu nokuda kwekunyoresa, mwero yakakwirira mukupinda kwemashoko, uye kukurumidza kupindura kuchinja mumipumburu inovhotera. Kuwana mari yakadzorwa uye kuperera kunokosha nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri.

Kuvimba Kwavose Nemashoko Asina Kunaka

Mashoko asina kururama pamusoro pekunyoresa kwevhoti — akadai senhema dzokuti vanhu vakafa vanovhota muzviverengero zvikuru kana kuti zvimiro zvokunyoresa zvinogara zvichivhiringidzwa — zvinokanganisa chivimbo chevoruzhinji. Apo vagari vemo vanorasikirwa nechivimbo mukuita kwacho, havangatongovi nomukana mukuru wokutsigira mitemo inoganhurira. Kuparapa mashoko asina kururama kunoda kurukurirano dzinooneka kubva kuvakuru vakuru vakuru vesarudzo, nhimbe dzokunyora mashoko, uye masangano anoongorora maidi akasununguka.

Maonero Anoita Nyika Yose Kunyoresa Nemari

Tichitarira mberi kweUnited States, dzimwe hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzakatanga gadziriro dzokunyoresa dzinobudirira zvikuru dzinoderedza zvose zviri zviviri miganhu neunyengeri.

  • chiGerman chingoerekana chanyoresa vagari vose pazera ramakore 18. Kuvhurwa kwekero kunosungirwa uye kunoitwa kupfurikidza namahofisi okunyoresa omunzvimbomo. Vot remout [ muGermany nguva dzose inopfuura 75%.
  • Canada inobvumira paIndaneti, possom, uye kunyoresa, asi inoshandisawo National Register of Erecter, iyo inogadziridzwa nokudhonza mashoko kubva pamitero inodzorwa, marezenisi omuchairi, uye marekodhi evagari vemo. VaCanada vanogonawo kunyoresa pachiteshi chokuvhotera paEcostation Day.
  • Australia inoraira kunyoresa nokuvhota kumene. Australian Electoral Commission inoitisa mubatanidzwa wemipumburu unopfuurira ichishandisa mashoko avose netsamba dzakananga. Kusashanda kwevoti kunogona kuguma nefashoni.

Iyi mienzaniso inoratidza kuti perero yakakwirira nokuwana mikana yakawanda hazvisi zvakafanana. Chinokosha inzira yakaiswa pakati, yakasanosanorongwa, uye isiri yebato kudzoro resaizimu.

Basa Rezvoruzivo Rwokunyora Mumiitiro Yazvino Uno

Zvirongwa zvemichina ikokugara zvichibva pakunyoresa kwezvino uno. Masangano okudzora kubatanidzwa, mapepa okubatanidza, uye akachengeteka API anobvumira mahofisi evhoti kukurumidza kuronga mamiriyoni ezvishandiso. Zvisinei, masangano akawanda anogara nhaka anoramba ari ekare, achitsamira pabasa rinogadzirwa nepepa rinononoka uye rinodzongonyedzwa. Kukwidza mumapuraneti azvino uno — zvakadai seaya akavakwa panzvimbo dzinovhurwa zvinhu — anogona kubatsira. Masangano anoshanda nehurumende DMV, utano, uye masangano enzanga anoita kuti zvigadziriso kugadzira zvinhu pasina kupetwa. Mafuta-aro anobvumira kunyoreswa mukati mekunyoresa uye kugadziriswa njodzi. Chinokosha ndecho kusimbisa kuti zviteshina zvokuchengetesa, uye zvinoramba zvichiedzwa kuti zvishandiswe pachena.

Kupedzisa: Nzira Iri Mberi

Kunyoresa kweVoter ibasa rokutonga rakakomba zvikurusa mukusarudza kumwe nokumwe. Kunotema kuti ndiani anowana inzwi, uye kunoumba kuva nomutemo wemugumisiro. Chinetso ndechekugadzira marongedzero anowanika uye akachengeteka — kuti kugamuchire mugari wemo wose akakodzera kuti atore rutivi achidzivirira pakudzvinyirira. Ikoku kunoda chibvumirano chokuvandudza kunopfuurira: kunyoresa kwakarongeka uko kunobvira, mikoto mizhinji yokunyoresa, kusimbisa, uye kunyoresa nguva dzose. Inoda mari yakakwana neisiri dare risiri renyika. Uye inoda mutongi anozivikanwa anonzwisisa kuti kushandei kunyoresa zvinhu uye nei zvinhu. Nokunangidzira pakunyoresa zvinhu pakati pokuwana nokuperera, vakuru vakuru vakuru vemitemo, vagadziri vemitemo, uye vagari vemo vanogona kuvaka kunyoresa kuti hurumende yehurumende panzvimbo pokukamura. Chido hachingori kusimbisa kuvhota, asi kuvimbisa kuvhota, inzwi riri pamutemo. Chinototi chinoitwa chinoitwa nehurumende chinoitwa. Chiteshiri chinoitwa chinoitwa. Chinotongeri chinoitwa chinoitwa