Mipiro yenhimbe inzira huru iyo vanhu namasangano vanopinza nayo tsigiro yemari kuvatendi vezvamatongerwe enyika, mapati, uye zvinoparira. Iyi mipiro iri pasi pekunyora michina inoshanda yenhimbe dzevasarudzo dzazvino uno inotenga, tsamba dzakananga, mipiro yemadhipatimidhi, mibhadharo yemibato, kufamba, uye kutora mabasa ehurumende. Kubatana pakati pemipiro yenhimberi nevhoti yako hakusi kungoita zvokunyoresa; kunomutsa mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pemireza, kukwanisa kusvitsa, uye uremu wamanzwi akasiyana - siyana muhurumende inosarudzwa nehurumende inosarudzwa nemitemo. Unonzwisisa kuti mari inofamba sei kupfurikidza negadziriro yemitemo inoidzora, uye zviratidzo zvinotumirwa kuvhotera kumunhu upi noupi anoda kuvhotera nokuziva zvizere mauto anosarudza zvinangwa zvebhora.

Michina Yenhimbe Yokutengesa

Kuti vanzwisise kuti mipiro inobatanidza sei kuvhota, kuri madikanwa kunzwisisa gadziriro huru yemari inotambirwa yezvamatongerwe enyika. Vatsigiri vehurumende, vamasangano ehurumende nevomunzvimbomo, uye masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika vanosimudza mari kupfurikidza nemhatsa yemikoto. Vapi vamwe navamwe vanogona kupa zvakananga kumatare avanoda, mukuwirirana neganhuriro dzapamutemo. matare ezviito zvezvamatongerwe enyika (PAC) anobva kumitezo kana kuti vashandi ndokupa kumitezo. Matare eboka anosimudza mari yokutsigira chitupa chawo chose. Sezvo ivo vamene ] Citizens [FC] mu 2010, matare makurusatu ePAC uye mamwe matare echiparera bedzi anogona kukwidza nokushandisa zvitsauko zvisina muganhu zvemari nokuda kwevapindiri kana kuti vatsigiriki, sezvo vasingavnani vavhoveri vavhoveri.

Mari iyi inobva yaiswa munzvimbo yemakwikwi kuti ishandiswe. Terevhizheni nenhamba dzinoda mari yakawanda zvikuru mumadzinza anokosha. Tsamba, mahofisi epasi, mabhangi efoni, mabhodhi, mabhodhi okuongorora, uye mashoko zvose zvinoda mari yakawanda. Pasina mipiro, vanoda kubhabhatidzwa vangatamburira kukurukura zvikuva zvavo, kuita chimwe chinhu kana kuti kuvaka zvirongwa zvinodiwa kuti vatsigire vatsigiri paEcostation Day. Izvi zvinoita kuti vamiririri: vanofanira kukwidza mari kuti vashande, uye kudiwa kwokusimudzira mavakirwe emaripo, mabasa avanoshandisa, uye kuti vasimbise sei ngwariro yavo pane imwe nguva muhofisi.

Marudzi Avapi Vezvibvumirano Zvenhimbe

Chisiko chose chavapi venhimbe hachitongorina kutongova chinhu chimwe. Kunzwisisa mapoka akasiana - siana avapi kunobetsera vavhoti kuturikira icho nhau yokuisa mari yemubatanidzwa ingaratidzira pamusoro pezvokutanga zvavo zvinotonga uye mubatanidzwa.

Vapi Nevapi Nemipiro Miduku

Vapi mumwe nomumwe iboka rakati kuti. Vanopiwa nemhindu vaduku-dollar .(vapa $200) kana kuti pasi) vakura zvikuru, zvikurukuru nokukwira kwemipiro yepaIndaneti inopa mari inobhadharwa. Vaya vanounganidza nenzira inobudirira vapi vaduku vanowanzosimbisa midzi youswa nokuzvimirira pafashoni dzakapfuma. Zvisinei, kunyange mipiro miduku inogona kutanga pfungwa yezvinodikanwa zvinobatanidzwa $200% kana kuti $2002 [200], uye migumisiro inowedzerwa yemipiro miduku inogona kufambisa mudariro kunzvimbo dzinowirirana nechivako. FED] Fédal Econficiation Com (FLC) inopa mashoko okunzvera pamipiro, kubvumira vatsigiridzi kuona kuti vatsigirine.

Matare Echiito Chezvamatongerwe Enyika (PAC)

PC masangano anounganidza mari kubva kuboka chairo remitezo kana kuti vashandi uye ipapo kuipa kuvapi. MaPAC agamuchidzanwa anopinzwa miganhu. Anomirira maindasitiri, mibatanidzwa yavashandi, pfungwa dzinoparira, kana kuti masangano enyanzvi. Mutengi anogamuchira zvitsama zvikuru kubva muPACIVHIDHI yesimba, somuenzaniso, angada zvikuru kutsigira miitiro inobvumira fariro dzezvipfuvara. VaVoter vanogona kushandisa zviwanikwa zvakafanana ne PRANT] kuronda kunzvera kuyerera kwemari yePACIFC uye mitoo yepesvedzero yenhau yenhau dzinopfuura nzvimbo nenzvimbo dzemaindasitiki.

Mapaundi makuru Nemapoka Okuzvidira

MaPUC makuru anogona kusimudza mari isina muganhu kubva kumasangano, masangano, uye vanhu vamwe navamwe, uye anogona kupedzera mari iyoyo makasununguka kutsigira kana kuti kushora. Anogona kugovera zvakananga kunhimbe kana kuti kuronga mibato yawo navo, asi achishanda musiyano pakati pokubatana nokuzvimirira. Zvikwata zvinodzora kazhinji kazhinji nokushambadzira kwakaipa, uye kuvapo kwavo kwakawedzera zvikuru chitsama chemari mugadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Voters vanofanira kucherekedza kuti kupambadza mari yePC kunogona kupfupikisa mari yemari yemari yemutengi, kureva kuti mapoka okunze anogona kuumba kurondedzera rudzi kupfuura dare revadhia rimene.

Mari Isina Tariro Nemasangano Asingawani Mhindu

Imwe mari yezvamatongerwe enyika inofamba mumasangano asingapi purofiti ayo asingadikanwi kuzivisa vapi vavo. Iyi mari inonzi ine rima inoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuvavhoti kuziva kuti ndiani chaizvoizvo ari seri kwechirongwa chakati kana kuti kushambadzira. 501(c) (4) masangano enzanga anobetsera vanhu uye 501(c) (6) Sangano rezvokutengeserana rinogona kupinda mumubato wezvamatongerwe enyika chero bedzi isiri donzo ravo guru, uye ivo kazhinji kazhinji havafaniri kuzivisa manyuko avo emari inopidhingi. Uku kushaikwa kwoufakazi hwokujeka kunosekesa mano aVavhooki kuti vaonetse zvinetso zvinobvira zvefariro uye vanochengeta kuzvidavirira.

Mupiro Wezvirongwa Zvapamutemo Wokutonga

Mutemo wenhimbe wemari muUnited States une hwaro hwekuziviswa, miganhu yemipiro, uye musiyano pakati pendyiko dzakazvimirira nendyiko inodzorwa. Federal Econstruction Campaignt Act ya1974, yakagadziridzwa zvikuru muna 1974 pashure peWatergate, yakatanga gadziriro yazvino uno yokushuma neganhuriro. Bipartisan Campaig Reform Act (BCRA) ya2008 yaiwanzodanwa kuti McCain-Fingold(Fold)

Dare Gurusa reDare [[FT:0] Chisarudzo mu10] muna 2010 chakasimudzirwa mativi makuru egadziriro iyi kupfurikidza nokubata kuti makambani namasangano ane First Amendment maruramiro okushandisa zvitsama zvisina kuganhurirwa pakutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Ikoku kwakazarura suo nokuda kwemapaCs makuru uye kwakawedzera zvinoshamisa basa rokushandisa kunze. Zvisarudzo zvedare zvakawedzerazve kuderera ganhuriro dzemupiro nezvinodikanwa. Muuyo inzira umo mari inoyerera nenzira yakasununguka, kuzivisa kunopesana, uye nzvimbo inodzokororwa inochinja nguva dzose.

Dzimwe nyika dzinoisa miganhu yemari yaipiwa nehurumende uye dzinoda kuziviswa zvakasimba, nepo dzimwe dzine ganhuriro shoma.Varidzi vemari vanofanira kuzvirovedza vamene nemitemo musimba ravo vamene kuti vanzwisise chinodikanwa nokupokana kuripo.

Kubuda Kunoita Nhimbe Kunoita Muitiro Wokupesvedzera

Mubvunzo mukuru wavavhoti ndewokuti mipiro yenhimbe inotapura chaizvoizvo kuti vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa sei uye kuti imitemoi yavanoronda inoita sei.

Kutanga, mipiro inotenga kusvika. Mitezo yeCongress nevanodzika mitemo vehurumende vanopedza chikamu chinokosha chenguva yavo mumibato yokuronga mari. Vapi nemipiro vanogona kuunganidza mipiro kubva kumibatanidzwa yesonganiro dzeshamwari vanowana misangano, runhare, uye mikana yokupa mirangariro yavo kuti vanhuwo zvavo havasati. Ikoku betsero inoreva kuti itiro hanya dzavapi dzinganzwiwa nokuiswa pachinetso, kunyange kana mirangariro yomupi isingawi ichiwirirana neyakawanda yemitezo.

Chechipiri, mamiriro emipiro inogamuchira ngwariro. Vatongi vanofanira kusarudza nzira yokupa nayo nguva yavo yakaganhurirwa nedzimbahwe rezvamatongerwe enyika. Vapi vane hanya zvikuru pamusoro penhau yakati “‘ kana iri tsika yomutero, mirau yezvemari, tarisiro yezveutano, kana kuti mitemo yemhoteredzo, zvinogona kubetsera kuchengeta nhau iyoyo panhau dzinorongwa. Iyi pesvedzero inonyanya kutaurwa panhau nhete, dzemichina dzisingakweveri ngwariro yavose, dzakadai segadziriro dzakavigwa mumitero mikuru kana kuti kugadzira mitemo.

Chechitatu, mipiro inoita gadziriro yekariro dzinotsiva. Nepo pasati patongova nenzwisiso yakajeka inorangarirwa nemativi ose. Njodzi pakati pavapi navagamuchiri inovakirwa pakunzwisisana. Vapi navapi vanotsigira vapi vane uzivi hunowirirana nezvinodiwa zvavo, uye vanotarisira kuti vanofunda ivavo vachamirira fariro idzodzo apo vanenge vari muhofisi. Kunzwisisa kwezvinoita kunenge kwakafanira kunonzwisiswa zvakanaka nemativi ose. Sezvinoita kuti aichimbova Senator Alan Simpson azviise, "Kana ukagara padare rinodzorwa pamusoro pechimwe chinhu chinotapura bhizimisi romupi, vachawana nzira yavo kuhofisi yako. Uye havasati vachizodzokororwa zvakanaka nemativi ose. [FLD:]

Zvinofanira Kutarisirwa Nenyanzvi Dzemari Mukutsigisa Mari

Vatungamiriri vehurumende vanoda kunzwisisa kubatana kwakaita mipiro nokuvhota vanogona kushandisa mashoko anowanika pachena kuti vaone kana ava kuda kuenda.

Ziva Mabhizimisi Akakwirira Okupa

Kushandisa zvienzaniso zvehurumende, tarira kuti maindasitiri namakamu ndezvipi zvikurusa zvinopa mipiro kunhimbe yomubhadharo mumwe nomumwe. Mubhadhari anogamuchira mari yakawanda kubva kumaindasitiri einishuwarenzi yemishonga kana kuti youtano angaisa mipimo yakanaka kumaindasitiri iwayo. Mubhadharwa anotsigirwa nesangano ravashandi angatora nzvimbo dzakasiana pabasa uye nhau dzemibhadharo. Iyi nzira inogovera chiratidzo chakajeka pamusoro pokuti ndiani angada kumirira.

Ongorora Vapi Vakuru Nevakuru

Vaunganidzi vanhu vanounganidza mipiro kubva kuvapi vazhinji ndokuiendesa sepasuru. Vatsigiri kazhinji kazhinji vanotusa vasviki namabhurungwe nokupinda chaiko, kubatanidza misangano yapachivande, mipfupi, uye kunyange kugadzwa kwevamiririri. Vazivi vanogona kutsvaka nhevedzo dzemirwi nemhesva huru kuti vaone kana mutengi achitsamira zvikurukuru paboka duku ravatsigiri vakapfuma. Kutsamira panhumbi kunogona kuratidzira kuti nguva nengwariro zvomubhadhari zvinopiwa nenzira yakamanikana kuboka duku ravakuru vakuru.

Enzanisa Kunopa mari Nekuongorora Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu

Imwe yenzvero dzinozivisa zvikurusa kuenzanisa manyuko avagari vemo nenzvimbo emari yomunzveri nechiverengero chavagari voruwa kana kuti hurumende yavanomirira. Kana mutezo weImba uchimirira ruwa runoshanda asi uchigamuchira mipiro yawo mizhinjisa ichibva kumasangano enyika nemupfumi, pane kupesana kwakajeka pakati pomupi nomurwi. Mukaha uyu unogona kuva mushandi anobetsera nokuda kwokuedza kuwana kuti fariro dzake dzingabvira kubatirwa.

Mari Isina Tarira Mumatura

Nemhaka yokuti mapoka emari yakasviba haazivi mupi, vavhoti havagoni kuronda nguva dzose manyuko okupedzisira endyiko dzakazvimirira. Zvisinei, vazhinji vaaya mapoka vachiri kunyorwa neFEC sematare okuzvimirira bedzi, uye shopu yerecureption inoratidza kuti vanoshandisa marii uye parudzii. Vavhota vanogonawo kutarira pamapuranga namasangano eaya kuti vapedze mirangariro yavo. Zvirongwa zvokuona nokubudisa nokubudisa mashoko kwechitsama mapepanhau zvinogara zvichiiswa mumitezo mikuru yemari inoshanda munyika huru.

Matanho Anoshanda Okuti Varidzi Vemari Varambe Vachiziva

Pane zviito zvechokwadi zvinogona kuitwa nevanhu kuti vasarudze ruzha rwacho uye kuti vashandise mashoko emari yezvirongwa zvokutsigira kugadzirwa kwezvisarudzo.

Nzvero pamberi pechikuru. Vanyumwiri vazhinji vanosarudzwa nenzira inobudirira musarudzo huru umo vapanguro vazhinjisa vemifungo navanyumwi vakasanova nebetsero. Kunzvera mishumo yemari yenhimbe pamberi pevhoti yokutanga kunogona kuzivisa kuti vadaviri vane midzi yakafara yetsigiro uye iri kuvimba nechiverengero chiduku chavapi vakuru. FAC's remishoni yemichina yemichina yemichina yemitengo [ inobvumira vashambatiridzi kunzvera nomutengi kana kuti kuona mifungo yezviripo nebhurongwiro.

Shandisa mapepa okunyora asingatsigiri. Masangano akadai seGovTrack, Vote Smart, uye mapoka akajeka echinyorwa anobudisa mapepa ezvikamu anoratidza kuti vavhoti vanovhota sei pamutemo mukuru. Kuenzanisa zvinyorwa izvozvo zvokuvhota nomupi womunguva imwe cheteyo kunogona kuzivisa kana vhoti dzomutengi wemitemo dzichiwirirana nefariro dzavapi vavo vapamusoro kana kuti nezvinodikanwa zvavo zvataurwa.

Anotevera ndyiko dzakazvimirira. Mumavhiki okupedzisira pamberi pesarudzo, maPC makuru namasangano emari ane rima anogona kudiridza mhepo. Varidzi vanogona kutarira kuti mapoka api ari kutsigira kushambadzira kwaanoona uye ipapo kunzvera kuti mamwe mapoka iwayo ave ari kushingaira mui. Mapoka anotsigirwa neindasitiri imwe kana kuti chikwata chepfungwa kazhinji kazhinji anotevera mutoo unowirirana nedaviro wemabhizimisi acho.

Kuoneka kwapanzvimbo yomunzvimbomo. Hurumende dzakawanda nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzine zvinodikanwa zvokuzivisa zvisina kusimba kupfuura gadziriro yehurumende. Vazivi vanogona kutsigira mitemo yenhimbe yakasimba zvikuru yemibato munyika dzavo vamene namaguta, kubatanidza mafaira chaiwoiwo emagetsi, zvikumbaridzo zvakaderera nokuda kwokushuma kwapachirongwa, uye zvirango zvechibharo nokuda kwokusabatanidza. Chinyorwa chamamagazini nemapoka akanaka ehurumende kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji manyuko ezvirongwa zvemipiro yemipiro yehurumende.

Kupedzisa: Muchina Unozivikanwa Mugadziriro Yemari

Mipiro yenhimbe nokuvhota zvakabatanidzwa zvikuru muhurumende yeAmerica. Mari inogovera zviwanikwa zvinodikanwa nokuda kwavanoda kukurukura, kuronga, uye kukwikwidzana, asi inoparirawo mitoo yokuwana nokupesvedzera inogona kushatisa.Vanonzwisisa magadzirirwe emari yenhimbe, marudzi akasiyana - siyana evapi, uye mitemo yepamutemo inodzora mari yezvamatongerwe enyika yakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuyera vanoda kufunda pamashoko avo okushambadza.

Kubatana pakati pemipiro namavhoti hakusati kuri kwakananga nguva dzose. Zvikamu zvinobatanidza zvinogona uye kudzivisa dzvinyiriro yavapi, uye masangano maduku anotora mishonga yetsangara akaratidza kuti mari inoiswa muuswa inogona kuva chitsama chikuru kupfuma yakatsiga. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuyerera kwemari kunoramba kuri chimwe chezviratidzo zvakavimbika zvikurusa zvemibatanidzwa yemubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa wezvokuisa zvinhu pakutanga. Nokunzvera mishumo yebhizimisi, kutevera mipiro inotevedzerwa, uye kuenzanisa mari dzinodiwa nezvinodikanwa zvechibharo, kugona kuita zvisarudzo zvakanyatsozivikanwa izvo zvinoratidzira mipimo yavo vamene panzvimbo pezvinodikanwa zvishoma zvinosanoshatswa.

Kuona chitarisiko ndiwo hwaro hwokuzvidavirira, uye muvhoti akasarudzwa anoshandisa mashoko emari yenhimbe sorutivi rwekuvhota kwake anosimbisa muitiro wehurumende yegutsaruzhinji nokuda kwomunhu ari wose.