Sumo

Mitero inoshandiswa nehurumende muUnited States. Pasina simba rokuunganidza mitero, hapana nyika yaigona kutsigira migwagwa, zvikoro, kuchengeteka kwevanhu, kudzivirira nyika, kana kuti mambure okudzivirira vanhu avanotsamira paari. Zvisinei, chiremera chinobhadhara muAmerica hachisi simba rimwe chete. Panzvimbo pezvo, chinokamurwa pakati pehurumende dzehurumende, nyika dzine makumi mashanu, uye zviuru zvehurumende dzomunzvimbomo nemitemo yadzo, ganhuriro, uye mitoro. Chirongwa ichi, chakadzika midzirwa munheyo yemitemo yehurumende yehurumende, chinoparira basa rakaoma remitero uye mari inogona kutapura zvikuru vanhu vamwe navamwe, mabhizimisi, uye mari.

Kunzwisisa misiyano mumasimba emitero pakati pemitengo yomunzvimbomo, hurumende, uye hurumende kunonetsa kwete bedzi nokuda kwavadzidzi venhau nevagari vemo asi nokuda kwevagari veAmerica vose vanogadzira kudzoka kwomutero, vanotenga musha, kana kuti bhizimisi. Hurumende yehurumende inoita kuti chiremera chakafara chebumbiro remitemo chibhadhare mutero, nepo hurumende dzine masimba adzo anoganhurirwa bedzi nemitemo yadzo dzimene neganhuriro dzehurumende. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, dzinoshandisa bedzi masimba anobhadhadharwa zvakajeka nehurumende. Idzi ganhuriro dzechiremera dzinoguma mumarudzi akasiyana- siyana emitero, mwero, uye mitoo inochengeta. Nyaya inopa kunzvera kune chiremera kweiri misiyano inodzo inodzo inodzo inodzorwa nemitemo, mitengo yakananga panzvimbo imwe neimwe.

Masangano Anoumbwa neBumbiro Romutemo Rokubhadhara Mutero

Kupesana kwamasimba omutero muUnited States muuyo wakananga wetsika yehurumende yakagadzwa neBumbiro reMitemo. Pamberi peBumbiro reMitemo, Zvikamu zveConfederation hazvina kupa hurumende simba razvimirira kutero, kuchitungamirira kumari isingaperi. Mafream akaruramisa iyi muChikamu I, Chikamu 8, Chikamu 1 cheMitemo, chinopa Chibvumirano simba [[FOL:]" kuisa nokuunganidza Mitero, Dumostles, Imposts neExcise, kubhadhara zvikwereti nokugovera nokuda kweRevo yavose neyatemendero yeUnited States yakagadziriswa. [[Foctal:1] Iyi mitero inozivikanwa semarisaidzo neravi, inogovera hurumende chiremera nechiremera chinodzorotemwa uye chitsarudzo, kuti igova bedzi chitsaitwe nemitero inodzo youdzo youdzo.

Masimba ehurumende anotera mitero, mukupesana, anobva muuchangamire hwavo hwakagarwa nhaka sehurumende dzakasiana dziri mugadziriro yehurumende. Amendment yechi10 inochengeterwa kuhurumende masimba ose asingagoveri kuhurumende yehurumende, kubatanidza simba rokutera mutero. Zvisinei, chiremera chehurumende chinobhadharwa chinoganhurirwa neMitemo yeMitemo yeMitemo yeU.S. munzira dzinoverengeka: hurumende hadzigoni kupinza mitero kana kuti kuendesa kusimupiti, hadzigoni kuisa mitero iyo inoremedza mitoro yapakati pebhizimisi renyika (Dorment Commercional Clace), uye haigoni kutsaura hurumende yomubatanidzwa kana kuti zvishandiso zvayo. Kuwedzera, mutemo wehurumende imwe neimwe ingaisa ganhuriro yemitero kana kuti mitero yemitero yemitero yemitero yechibvumirano.

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo(matongo, magorofa, maruwa ezvikoro, uye maruwa chaiwo) zvinowana simba radzo romuzvarirwo rokubhadharisa. Panzvimbo pezvo, dzinowana chiremera kumutemo wehurumende. Hurumende dzinopa hurumende mano okubvisa mitero yakati, kazhinji kazhinji inodzorwa nemitengo yakakwirira, zvinodikanwa zvomuvhoti, kana kuti zvimwe zvirambidzo zvemitero. Uku kuzviisa pasi kunoreva kuti mitero yomunzvimbomo inosiana zvikuru, kunyange mukati menyika imwe cheteyo.

Masimba Omutero Wehurumende

Hurumende yehurumende ndiyo chiremera chikurusa chinobhadharisa munyika, ichiunganidza inenge 50% yemari yose yehurumende muUnited States. Mitero yayo mikuru iri pamari inotambirwa, mubhadharo, uye mhindu dzamabhizimisi, pamwe chete nemitero pazvinhu zvakati. Internal Revenue Service [IS] ndiyo sangano rine mutoro wokushandisa nokudzika mitemo yemitero yehurumende.

Mutero Wemari

Mutero wemari yaitambirwa wehurumende ndiwo manyuko makurusa emari yehurumende. Yakaitwa pakuvamba muna 1861 kuti itsigire Hondo yavagari vemo uye gare gare yakaitwa yechigarire ne 16.Pramendement [ muna 1913, mutero wemari inoshanda kuvanhu, nzvimbo, zvikwereti, uye marudzi mazhinji emasangano ebhizimisi akadai semasangano nehungano. Mutero unofambira mberi, pamwero wemitero wakaderera unovambira pa10% kusvikira ku 37% sa2025. Vabhadhadharidzi vemari vanogona kukumbira mari uye mitero kuti vaderedze chikwereti zvavo, uye IRS inoda vanhu vazhinjisa kuti vabhadhare mitero mugore rose nokubhadharwa kana kuti vabhadhare. [FL:2] IS, I pawebsiteji yeI [FFFFF]

Kubhadhara Mitero

Mukuwedzera kumitero inotambirwa, hurumende yehurumende inobhadharisa mitero yemitero pasi peFederal Inishuwarensi Act (FICA). Iyi mitero inobhadharwa yeSocial Security neMedicare, gadziriro huru yeinishuwarenzi yenyika. Vashandiri navashandirwi mumwe nomumwe vanobhadhara 6,2% nokuda kweSangano reSocial Security (kusvikira kumuganhu wemari inobhadharwa) uye 1.45% yeMedicare (haisina muganhu wemari inotambira). Varipi vanobhadhadhadha vanhu vanobhadhara zvose zviri zviviri. Kubhadhadharwa mitero idiro inodzosa yegadziriro yemitero yetsika yetsika yehurumende nemhaka yokuti vanoshandisa bedzi mari uye chikamu cheSacurity Security pachikumbani chakatiko chakatirwa.

Mitero Yakakomba Neinopa Mitero

Kombiyuta dzinodzorwa nemitero yemari inotambirwa nesangano pamhindu dzadzo. Mutero weTsima, weJobs wa2017 wakaderedza mwero wemitero yekambani kukusatora 21%. Nepo mari yemitero yebhizimisi yaderera sechikamu cheGDP, inoramba iri manyuko makuru emari yehurumende. Mitero inosarudzwa pazvinhu zvakati kana kuti mitero, yakadai sepetro, fodya, uye matikiti endege. Mitero iyi inowanzoshandiswa kusimudzira mari uye kuomesa mimwe mitero yemitero yefodyana kuti ideredze kusvuta. Hurumende inodzosawo mitero yemitero pamitero inosarudzwa pazvinhu kana kuti mitero pamitero pamitengo, zvakadai sepeto, fodya, zvinodhaka, uye matikiti endege. Mitero iyi inowanzoshandiswa kuderedza mitero yemari inodzo inodzoro mishomanene pakutakurwa kwepfuma, kunyange zvazvo ichitapura zvikamu zvikamu zvikamu zvishoma zvezvivanze zviri pasi zvokupinda zvokupinda.

Masimba Okubhadhara Mitero Ehurumende

Nyika dzine simba rakafara rokubhadhara mitero, kushandisa zvinhu, uye kuzviisa pasi pemitemo yadzo. Nemhaka yokuti nyika dzine mutoro wokutanga wokutsigira dzidzo, zvokufambisa, chengeteko yavose, uye mapurogiramu outano, mitero yadzo yakagadzirirwa kukwidzanisa mari yakawanda asi ichienzanisa kukwikwidzana uye kururamisira. Hakuna gadziriro yemitero yehurumende; hurumende imwe neimwe inosarudza kuvhenganiswa kwayo yemitero, zvichitungamirira kumisiano mikuru yemitero.

Hurumende Inobhadhara Mutero

Nyika dzina makumi mana neimwe neRegiodition of Columbia dzinoisa mutero wemari yomunhu oga. Hurumende sere. California dzine mwero mukuru wemari inotambirwa.[Foortzi: Foundation]

Kutenga Mutero

Mitero yehurumende ndiyo manyuko makurusa emari yemitero yehurumende, pashure pemari inotambirwa. Nyika dzinopa mitero yema40-525 yemari yokutengesa (Alaka, Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire, uye Oregon haidaro). Mitero yehurumende inovambira pa 2.9% (Balado) kusvikira ku 7.25% (California) seya2025. Nyika dzakawanda dzinobvumira nzvimbo kuwedzerwa mitero yadzo yokutengesa pamusoro pemwero wehurumende, zvichiita kuti mwero wacho ukwirire zvikuru mune dzimwe nyika. Sales anoshandisa kutengeswa kwezvizhinjisarudzo, uye, mune dzimwe nyika, mabasa akadai sokugadzira kana kuti mari inobhadharwa. Zvinodharo uye mirimo zvinobvumiranwa zvinodzorwa kuderedza kudzorwa kwemitero. Kukwira kwemitemo yehurumende yemari inodzorwa zvikuru mumitero mumitero, zvikurukuru muDare rePrometersonson.[5]

Mimwe Mitero yeHurumende

Nyika dzinoisawo mitero yemari yebhizimisi (pamhindu dzebhizimisi), mari inobhadharwa yemitero yakakomba (pamari yose, pasinei zvapo nemhindu), uye mitero yezvinhu (kunyange mitero yemari inowanzova manyuko emari yomunzvimbomo, masangano anowanzogadza mitemo yokuyera nokubvisa). Hurumende dzakawanda dzezve dzezvemari dzinobvisa mitero pamidziyo yemotokari, zvinodhaka, fodya, uye cannabis. Dzimwe nyika dzakaita kuti kunzi "mitero yechibhadharo" kana kuti "mitero yemari inobhadhara mari yemari" pazvinhu zvakati. Kuwedzera, masangano angabhadhara nzvimbo kana kuti mitero, kunyange zvazvo muitiro wacho wave uchibvisa iyi mitero mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura.

Masimba Okupa Mitero Munharaunda

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo (kubatanidza maguta, mataundi, maruwa ezvikoro, uye maruwa chaiwo) dzinogona bedzi mitero yerevy iyo mutemo wehurumende unobvumira zvakajeka. Pasinei zvapo neiyi mitengo yakakomba, mitero yomunzvimbomo inokosha nokuda kwemibato yemari iyo vagari vemo vanowana zuva nezuva: zvikoro zvavose, mapurisa nedziviriro yomwoto, migwagwa, mapaki, mvura netsvina, uye maraibhurari.

Mutero Wezvinhu

Mutero wezvinhu ndiwo mutero mukuru womunzvimbomo muUnited States, uchibatanidza inenge 70% yemari yose yehurumende yomunharaunda. Mitero yenzvimbo mitero youmhanyi yemitero youmhare, kureva kuti yakavakirwa paukoshi hwakatemwa hwezvinhu chaizvoizvo (nyika nezvivako). Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinogadza mitero (yakawanda inotaurwa semwero wemari, umo chigayo chemitero chinokwana $6 000 pamutengo wemari inotarwa mari yehurumende) uye inogona kushandisa mari yacho zvikurukuru nokuda kwezvikoro zvomunzvimbomo nemitero yamasi. Mitero yenzvimbo inowanzova inobhadharwa pamutero wemari inobhadharwa (ne kepeji ye $6 000 pasi peChects Cections neActs Act). Nepo zvivako zvemari yemari iri manyuko inobhadharo inochengeterwa mari inochengeterwa, inogona kudzosera mari uye kuparira nhamo nokuda kwemisha yemari inodzoro yavanobhadharwa nemari inoiswa pamisha inoiswa pamiteshi.

Kutenga Kwemo Nemitero Inoripirwa

Hurumende dzakawanda dzomunzvimbomo dzinobvumirwa kuisa mutero wemitero womunzvimbomo pamusoro pomutero wehurumende. Somuenzaniso, muAlabama, mwero yemitero yemari yemo yokutengesa inogona kuwedzera kubva pa 0% kusvikira ku 7% ku4% yemari yehurumende. Muhurumende dzakadai seIllinois neNew York, mitero yezvokutengeserana yomunzvimbomo inosiana zvikuru neruwa kana kuti guta. Dzimwe hurumende dzinorevesa mitero yemari yomumusha yemo, inowanzoshandiswa kumari yavose yakadai seyavose vapanyika dzinoshanda mubumbiro renyika. Mitero yomunharaunda yemari inodzorwa inowanzova inozivikanwa zvikuru mumitengo yeUnited States nepakati peAtlantic; somuenzaniso, maguta akawanda muPennsylvania neOhiogate neO anoisa mutero mubhadharo mukuru pamari inotambirwa. Iyi mitero inowanzoshandiswa kumari yapamutemo yavose, seyavose, seyavose.

Nharo Chaidzo Nemhomho Dzavashandisi

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinoshandisawo mitero chaiyo, iyo inoiswa pamuridzi wezvinhu kuti vabhadhare nokuda kwevandudziko dzinobetsera zvakananga zvinhu zvavo, zvakadai sokupaza migwagwa, mitsetse yetsvina, kana kuti chiedza chomugwagwa. Kusafanana nemitero yezvisaririra zvezvinhu zvavanhu, kunzvera chaiko kunobhadharwa pahwaro hwebetsero panzvimbo pezvinhu. Kuwedzera, hurumende zhinji dzomunzvimbomo dzinoisa mitero yemitero yavashandiri nokuda kwemitero yetsvina semitero yetsvina, kushandiswa kwemvura, uye kuiswa pakika. Iyi mitero hairangarirwi inobatira mitero inobatira mubato wemari inodzo yakafanana uye inodzorwa kuzvinodikanwa zvapamutemo zvokuti dzinobatanidzwa nenzira ine mufungo nokuda kwemiripo yebasa.

Kuongorora Kunoenzanisa

Patinenge tichienzanisa mitero yehurumende dzehurumende, dzehurumende, uye dzemunyika yacho, pane misiyano mikuru yakawanda inouya:

  • Chivako chePucratical: Simba remitero rinogoverwa neBumbiro reMitemo reU.S.; simba rinotera rehurumende rinogarwa nhaka asi rinoganhurirwa nebumbiro remitemo rehurumende nebumbiro remitemo; simba romunzvimbomo remitero rinogoverwa nehurumende uye ringabviswa kana kuti kuchinjwa.
  • COPAI] Nedonzo: Mitero inobhadharwa zvirongwa zvenyika (kudzivirira nyika yose, Social Security, Medicare, fariro pachikwereti chenyika, uye mari yezvipo). Mitero yehurumende inobhadharwa mumari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari (dzidzo, migwagwa, tarisiro youtano, matorongo). Mitero yemari yemari yomunharaunda yemari (zvikoro, mapurisa, mwoto wehomwe, utsanana, mapaki).
  • Types: Hurumende yehurumende inotsamira zvikuru pakuwana mari nokubhadhara mitero yemitero. Mitero inovhenganisa mari, kutengesa, uye mitero yemakambani. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinotsamira zvikurukuru pamitero yezvinhu, inowedzerwa nokutengesa kwomunzvimbomo nemitero yemari uko inobvumirwa.
  • Mwero yeMasai: Mwero yeFederal inofanana munyika yose. Mwero yehurumende inogona kusiana nenzira inokatyamadza(kubva pamusasa wemari muTexas kusvikira kumwero wakakwirira unopfuura 13% muCalifornia. Mwero womunzvimbomo unosiana zvikuru, zvikurukuru nokuda kwemitero yezvinhu, iyo yakavakirwa pamiitiro yerangariro yomunzvimbomo uye mwero yemari.
  • Kumanikidza: IRS inomanikidzira mutemo wemubatanidzwa wemitero, namasimba makuru okunzvera nokuunganidza. Mapato ehurumende anobata kuchengetwa kwomutero wehurumende, uye vateresi vomunzvimbomo kana kuti vachengeti vemari vanotarisira mitero yomunzvimbomo. Vanobhadhara mitero pamusiano mumwe nomumwe vanotarisana nezvinodikanwa zvesekisi, misiano, uye zvivako zvechirango.
  • [[[FLT: 0] Kufambira mberi: Mutero wemari inotambirwa nehurumende unofambira mberi zvikuru, nepo mitero yehurumende neyomunzvimbomo inowanzova inodzokororwa zvikuru pamwero wose, nemhaka yokuti mhuri dzinowana mari yakaderera dzinobhadhara goverano huru yemari yadzo mukutengesa nemitero yezvinhu.

Kukamuranisa masimba kunoparira zvose zviri zviviri betsero nedenho. Kunobvumira mwero mumwe nomumwe kuwiriranisa mitero nezvinodikanwa zvayo imene zvokushandisa uye zvinodikanwa zvamatongerwe enyika, asi kunoparirawo kuoma, mitoro yokubvumirana, uye mikana yemakwikwi emitero pakati penyika nenharaunda.

Kutapura Vagari Nemabhizimisi

Gadziriro yemitero yakawanda inotapura muAmerica mumwe nomumwe. Vanhu vanofanira kuisa mubatanidzwa wehurumende uye sezvinobvira kunyora mari yehurumende inodzorwa gore rimwe nerimwe, uye vangakwereta mari yomumusha kana kuti mitero yenzvimbo zvakaparadzana. Mabhizimisi, kutamba kwehurumende, nyika, uye mitero yomunzvimbomo zvinogona kuva zvinorema zvikuru, kuraira kuwirirana nemitero mizhinji, kugovera mitero yemitero yakawanda, uye kuchengetedza mari yemari yakakwana. Mutoro wose wetero unosiyana zvikuru panzvimbo yaanorarama munhu kana kuti bhizimisi. Somuenzaniso, mugari weTennessee (haigweta resiti yehurumende) nomutero mumusha wakaderera zvikuru kupfuura mugari weCalifornia ane mari yakawanda nepfuma yakakwirira, kunyange kana mutero wavo wehurumende uchienzaniswa.

Vabhadhari vemitero vanogona kushandisa zvakanaka zvitsama zvemari nechikwereti zviripo pamwero yose. Kubviswa kwehurumende kwemitero yehurumende neyomunzvimbomo (SALT) kunobvumira varongedzeri vefaira vanopa mari ye $10 000 muzvinhu zvenyika neyomunzvimbomo, mari, kana kuti mitero. Dzimwe nyika dzinopa mitero yemitero yemitero yomunzvimbomo yakabhadharwa. Kunzwisisa uku kunokosha nokuda kwokuronga mitero inobudirira. IRS peji yechikwereti nezvitengo zvefashoni [ inopa mashoko ohwaro, nepo mawebsitesi ebhadharo anopiwa pagadziriro dzehurumende dzemari.

Miitiro Yemisi Ichangobva Kupfuura Nenharo

Masimba emitero haawirirani; anochinja kupfurikidza nomutemo, matare, uye nhano dzakakurumbira.

  • [ .FTRAL Trust Reformation: Mutemo weCuts neMitemo ya2017] Mutero wehurumende wakachinjwa zvikuru nokuderedza mitero yemasangano, kuderedza mwero yemasangano, uye kuderedza kuderera kwechitsama chePUS. Kuchinja uku kwakachinja mitoro yemitero uye kwakasunda mamwe masangano kugadziridza mitemo yawo emitero.
  • Makwikwi eMitemo yeMitero yeChitatiko: Dzimwe nyika dzakaderedza nokunyanyisa mitero yemari inotambirwa kuti dzikwezve bhizimisi navagari vemo. Florida, Texas, uye dzimwe nyika dzinoverengeka dzisina mari yemitero dzakaona kuwanda kwavagari vemo navemari inotengwa, uko kwakanyandura kurukurirano pamusoro pokuti makwikwi akadaro akasimba here kana kuti kutungamirira ku "hafu yenzvimbo yapasi" mumibato yavose.
  • URIsi yemabhizimisi: Pashure pe [[FT:2] chisarudzo, inodokuva nyika dzose zvino dzinoda vatengesi vari kure kuti vaunganidze mutero. Izvi zvakaparadza munda wokutamba pakati pezvitoro zvezvidhina nemota uye vatengesi vepaIndaneti uye mari dzehurumende.
  • [ Trost Tax Revolts:[ Nhamba dzokutanga mune dzimwe nyika (umh., Kudzorwa 13) kweCalifornia kwakaderedza kuwedzera kwomutero wezvinhu, kuchimanikidzira hurumende dzomunzvimbomo kutsamira zvikuru pamamwe manyuko emari kana kuti zvisungo.
  • Mitero Inofambira mberi: Payose iri miviri mwero yehurumende nehurumende, pane fariro yakamutsidzirwa mumitero yepfuma, mitero yemakambani yakakwirira, uye dzimwe nhano dzinofambira mberi dzokutarisira kusaenzana, kunyange zvazvo zvikarakadzo zvakadaro zvakatarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvinokosha zvezvamatongerwe enyika nebumbiro remitemo.

Izvi zvinoratidza kuti masimba omutero ane simba uye kuti hurumende dzakasiyana - siyana dzinoramba dzichinetsana pamusoro pezvikwereti uye kuzvitonga.

mhedziso

Misiyano mumasimba emitero pakati pehurumende dzomunzvimbomo, dzehurumende, uye dzehurumende idivi rinorondedzera rehurumende yeAmerica. Hurumende yehurumende inofarikanya chiremera chakafara chebumbiro remitemo kumari yomutero, mubhadharo, uye mhindu dzebhizimisi, nepo nyika dzinoshandisa uchangamire hwadzo hwakagarwa kuti dzimanikidze mari, kutengesa, nemimwe mitero mumiganhu yebumbiro remitemo. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, zvisikwa zvehurumende, zvinotsamira zvikuru pamitero yezvinhu uye zvisarudzo zvakaganhurirwa zvomunzvimbomo. Iyi gadziriro yakaganhurirwa inobvumira kuchinjika nokudzora kwomunzvimbomo, asi inoparirawo kuva nomusiyano, mumitoro yemitero, uye nhevedzano yemiitiro inopfuurira pamusoro pezvakarurama nezvakanaka.

Nokuda kwavadzidzi venhau nevagari vemo, kunzwisisa iyi misiyano kunokosha kunzwisiswa kuti zvinhu zvavose zvinotsigirwa sei nemari uye kuti simba rezvamatongerwe enyika rinoparadzirwa sei pakati pemwero yehurumende. Kuvagari vemo navateresi, kuziva kukamukana kwechiremera chinotera mukupa mari kunogona kutungamirira kuzvisarudzo zvikuru zvokuziva (hwupi hunogona kuvamba bhizimisi, kana kuti kutsigira chinjo yemitero. Sezvo upfumi hweAmerica nenzanga zvinopfuurira kuchinja, mugove wemasimba emitero ucharamba uri nhau huru mukuedza kunopfuurira kwehurumende youchanga.