Kunzwisisa kuti mitemo inoitwa sei muUnited States kunoda kunzverwa kwakakwana pamuitiro womutemo, kubatanidza miitiro yechienzi inoumba nzira iyo Congress inoshanda nayo. Pakati pamativi anokosha zvikurusa uye anowanzosanzwisiswa okuitwa kwemitemo yeAmerica pane chikwata chemonibulister, muitiro weDare une revo huru nokuda kwezvikwereti zvinova mutemo uye kuti simba rezvamatongerwe enyika rinoshandiswa sei. Iyi nhungamiro yakakwana inotsanangura muitiro wemitemo kubva pakutanga kusvikira kumugumo, nengwariro chaiyo kuchidivi chavanachikuru uye basa rayo mukuumbwa kwehurumende yedemocracy yeAmerica.

Hwaro: Kuumba Kunoita Dare Mitemo

Congress ibazu rokuita mutemo rehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, rine makamuri maviri: Imba yaVamiririri neDare. Chikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. chinopa masimba ose okutonga kuBasaral Congress, kuvamba gadziriro yakarongedzerwa kudzikamisa kumirira kwakakurumbira nefariro dzehurumende. House ine mitezo 435 inobatira mirau yamakore maviri kubva kumaruwa akavakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vemo, nepo Dare rine vatestate vaviri vanobva kuhurumende imwe neimwe inobatira mashoko egore matanhatu.

Idi rokuti chikarakadzo hachigoni kuva mutemo pasina kurangarirwa netendero navose vari vaviri ibasa rakatanhamara regadziriro yedu yomutemo yebhigamel. ichi chinodikanwa chinovimbisa kuti mutemo unonzverwa zvakakwana mumifungo mizhinji usati wava mutemo.

Kutanga Kwomutemo

Mutezo upi noupi weDare – unobva kuDare kana kuti Imba yaVamiririri – uyo ane pfungwa yomutemo anogona kunyora mutongo, nepfungwa dzinobva kumitezo yeCongress iyo imene kana kuti kuvagari vemo vezuva riri rose namapoka evamiririri.

Mutezo mukuru weCongress unotsigira mutongo wacho unonzi "sponsor," nepo mimwe mitezo inotsigira mutongo wacho ichinzi "co-sponsors". Mitezo ingaparadzira muromo wacho ndokukumbira vamwe vari mukamuri kuti vasaine savatsigiri vapakuvamba kuti varatidzire hwaro hwakasimba hwetsigiro yepfungwa yacho.

Chisarudzo chinobva muImba yavamiriri chinosarudzwa ne "H.R." chinoteverwa nenhamba, apo Dare rinotonga rinenge rasarudzwa ne "S". richiteverwa nenhamba yaro. Pakangotangwa, zvikwereti zvinogona kuteverwa paCongress.gov, website yehurumende yehurumende yemitemo yehurumende.

Kuongorora kweDare uye Kucherechedza

Pashure pesumo, dare rinonongedzerwa kudare rinoumbwa namapoka emitezo yeCongress ayo anofarira zvikuru nhau dzakasiana - siana dzakadai senhau dzoutano kana kuti dzamarudzi ose.MuImba, mabhiri anonongedzerwa noMutauri kumatare ose ane chiremera, kunyange zvazvo mabhiri mazhinjisa achiwa pasi pechiremera chedare rimwe.

Apo bhoti inenge iri mumaoko edare, inosanonzverwa uye mikana yayo yokupinda inosarudzwa, nedare richigona kuva nokutonga zviri nani kunzwisisa zvinorehwa.Kunzwa kunobvumira mirangariro yebazu guru, nyanzvi, vamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende navatsigiri, uye vashori vomutemo unofanira kunyorwa.

Kana dare rikabvumira mari yacho, inofambira mberi. Zvisinei, kana dare rikasaita chiito pagweta, mutengo wacho unorangarirwa kuva "wakafa". Ichi chikamu chedare chinobatira sechinosefa chinokosha mumuitiro womutemo.

Nharo Dzomudenga Nokutamba

Mutauri weImba neMajorie Mutungamiriri weDare vanosarudza kana uye apo pamutemo unosvika pamberi pedare rakazara nokuda kwekurukurirano uye kugadziridzwa uye ipapo chikamu chokupedzisira.

Kana chikwereti chacho chikapfuura nevoruzhinji (218 ve435), Dare redare rinoshanda pasi pemitemo yakasiyana zvikuru inobvumira kukurukurirana kwakawedzerwa (pano ndipo panova panoitwa nemwana anenge achinzi nhubuster.

Kunzwisisa Zvazvinobatsira

Chinoumba chirongwa chinoshandiswa muUnited States Dare rinodzorwa kunonotsa kana kuti kudzivisa vhoti pamwero wakati kupfurikidza nokudzivisa kurukurirano pairi kupera. Mubati anorangarirwa zvakafara sechimwe chemativi akatanhamara zvikurusa eDare, kubatanidza kushandiswa kupi nokupi kwemitoo yokudzivisa kana kuti kuvhiringidza kupfurikidza nokuidzivisa kusvika kuvhota.

Shoko racho pacharo rine mavambo anofadza. Shoko rokuti filbuster rinobva mushoko rechiDutch vrijbuiter, rinoreva frever bootner kana kuti pranger, kupinda muchiNgezi kupfurikidza neflibussier neSpanish buttero uye rakashandiswa pakuvamba kurondedzera mumwe munhu akaba pfuma kana kuti akabatikana mukuita zvechibharo. Shoko racho rakashanduka gare gare kurondedzera mhinganidzo yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Chikonzero Nei Vaviri Vachibvira

Bviro yavanguru iripo nemhaka yokuti mitemo yeDare inoisa ganhuriro shomanene pakodzero dzaSenator namabanza mumuitiro wemitemo, neSenator uyo anotsvaka kuzivikanwa kazhinji kazhinji ane maruramiro kuuriri kana pasina mumwe Mutarisiri ari kutaura, uye ipapo Sinetor iyeyo angataura kwenguva refu sezvaanoda.

Dare harina mitemo yakananga nokuda kwokuva mwana; panzvimbo pezvo, bviro dzokuva mwana mubereki dziripo nemhaka yokuti mitemo yeDare haina miganhu yaizoisa miganhu yakananga pakodzero dzaSenator namabanza mumuitiro wemitemo. Uku kusavapo kweganhuriro kunoparira nzvimbo yekurukurirano yakatambanudzwa.

Mapilibuster emazuva ano

VaFilibuster vaibatanidza hurukuro refu mugamuchidzanwa umo mumwe mutenzi wejenare akaedza kudzivisa vhoti kupfurikidza nokuramba kubuda, nemutarisiri akamira nouriri kupfurikidza nokutaura kwenguva refu sezvavaigona, pane dzimwe nguva usiku. Ikoku kwakaziviswa mubhaisikopo ra 1939 VaSmith Goes kuWashington.

Zvisinei, rudzi rwavananyarubuster rwakachinja zvinoshamisa muma 1970. Dare rakagamuchira gadziriro yamasabhu maviri iyo yakabvumira kamuri kupfuudzira rimwe bhizimisi apo nhumbu yakanga iri kumira. Chifo chama 1970, vasande vave vachikwanisa kushandisa "chinyararire" chitunha, uko panguva ipi neipi vatambi 41 kana kuti kupfuura vanotyisidzira murwiri wechine vhudzi, mutungamiriri mukuru weDare anowanzoramba kudana vhoti.

Sezvo vanababa vasingadi kuti vashoma vabati zvomenemene ndokumisa rimwe bhizimisi rose, tyisidzirowo zvayo yomubereki yazova yenguva dzose pashoma napashoma.Ichi chinjo chakachinja zvikurukuru nzira iyo Dare rinoshanda nayo.

Nhau yeFilibuster

Mavambo Apakuvamba

Chiremba ane mavambo akadzama munhau yemitemo yeAmerica. Unyanzvi hwokushandisa hurukuro refu kunonotsa chiito pamitemo hwakaoneka murusando rwokutanga rumene rweDare, naPennsylvania Senator William Maclay anonyora pana September 22, 1789, kuti gadziriro yavaVirginia "yakanga iri yokutaura nguva yacho, zvokuti taisagona kuwana chikwereti chacho chapfuura.

Nepo kwakanga kune mienzaniso mishomanene zvikuru yetsika yacho pamberi pama1830, nzira ye "kutaura mutongo kusvikira kurufu" yakanga yakakurumbira zvikuru papakati kuti iwane zita rakaisvonaka(parifibuster). Muna 1841 voruzhinji vakaedza kupedzisa wachi yacho papepa kuti vatange bhangi renyika, uye vakakangaidzika Whigi dare redare Henry Clay vakatyisidzira kuchinja mitemo yedare kuti iganhurire kurukurirano.

Kutanga Kwechisora

Pamberi pa 1917 mitemo yeDare haina kugovera nzira yokugumisa nayo kurukurirano ndokumanikidza vhoti pamwero wakati.vaFilibuster vakava vanowanzova vapamberi pezana ramakore rechi 19 napakuvamba kwerechi20, uye chitsama chikuru chebasa chinofanira kuitwa murusando rumwe norumwe chakareva kuti mutarisiri wemhuri yavana aigona kudzongonyedza fambiro mberi yomuviri ndokuwana kanganwiro.

Muna 1917, nekangaidziko yakawedzera uye pakukurudzira kwaPurezidhendi Woodrow Wilson, vatenzi vakagamuchira mutemo (Mutemo weSayenzi 22) wakabvumira Dare kuparira kurumwa ndokuganhurira kurukurirano nevoruzhinji vaviri nezvitatu. Uyu mutemo wakatanga kuiswa kumuedzo muna 1919, apo Dare rakakumbira kugumisa chibvumirano cheRetabherney muParatimende yeVerles.

Zvisinei, kunyange nokutonga kutsva, vanababa vakaramba vachikwanisa kumisa mutemo, sezvo vhoti yezvitatu yakanga yakaoma kuwana, Dare richitarisira kubudisa kuoma kwemaronda kashanu chete mumakore makumi mana akatevera.

Mujaho Wazvino Uno Wava Namazera 60

Muna 1975 Dare rakaderedza chiverengero chamavhoti aidikanwa nokuda kwokuvharwa kubva kumatatu evane mitezo yokuvhota kuvatatu vezvikamu zvose vakasarudzwa nenzira yapamutemo uye vapikisi, kana kuti 60 veDare remitezo 100. Ichi chinjo chakakuita kuti kuve kuri nyore zvikuru kugumisa vanachirumudza, asi kuchingoda kuvhota kukurusa panzvimbo poruzhinji rwakapfava.

Nepo kuchida mavhoti 51 bedzi kupfuudza bhiri pashure pokunge gakava rapera, kunoda mavhoti 60 kugumisa gakava iroro, nourwu rutivi rwamasangano 60, runozivikanwa se‘kuzvitutumadza, ’ kuchiva chinodikanwa chikuru chokupfuura mutemo mukurusa muDare.

Mashandiro Anoita Kugadzira Mabhakitiriya: Kupedza Kugadzira

Kutonga kweDare XXII, kunozivikanwa sokutonga kwokugwamba, kunogonesa vagari kugumisa mwana panhau ipi neipi inorwisana Dare riri kurangarira, navaSenator vane gumi navatanhatu vakatanga muitiro uyu kupfurikidza nokutanga chiito kuti vagumise gakava racho.

Mumigariro mizhinjisa, Dare harivhoti pamusoro pokufamba uku kusvikira zuva rechipiri repurogiramu pashure pokunge kufamba kwaitwa, uye ipapo rinoda kuvhota kwavanenge zvikamu zvitatu muzvitatu zvavaSenator vose (zvinowanzovhota 60) kuti vape simba.

Kutanga kubudisa kuoma kwepfungwa pamibvunzo yakawanda ndeyokuisa maawa 30 okuwedzera kuti tifunge mubvunzo iwoyo, neawa 30 yose yapedzwa nebhoti, kushevedzera kwemabhodhi, uye zvimwe zviito, uyewo nguva inoshandiswa kukurukura.

Kana kutsenga kwangokumbirwa bedzi, mabhiri makuru mazhinjisa anopiwa vana vaviri kana kuti vatatu Dare risati ragona kuvhota pakupfuura, uye kunyange mabhiri anotsigirwa navanemba 60 kana kuti kupfuura anganonotswa nemonicbuster. Ikoku kunoreva kuti muitiro wokunzwa unogona kuva wokupedza nguva kunyange apo kune tsigiro yakakwana yokukurira nhumbu.

Vagari Vakakurumbira Munhau Yedare

Nepo vanambuya vazvino uno vachityisidzira chinyararire, nhau yakaona mienzaniso inoshamisa yevanasekuru vaitaura yakaita kuti vanhu vafunge nezvayo.

Muna 1917, mutevedzeri weWisconsin Robert La Follette akashandisa chiremba wedanho kuti arayire kutaura kwakasununguka mukati menguva yehondo. Mukati mema1930, Senator Huey P. Kare akashandisa nenzira inobudirira mupfumi pamabhiri ayo aifunga kuti aida vapfumi kupfuura varombo. Muna 1950 mutungamiriri weOregon Wayne Morse akashandisa mukurumbira kudzidzisa vanhu nhau dzaairangarira kuva dzefariro yenyika.

Strom Thurmond filbuster yaSouth Carolina yakaita maawa 24 namaminiti 18 mukurwisana neCivil Rights Act ya 1957. Kwamakumi amakore, ikoku kwakanga kuri chinyorwa chehurukuro refu zvikurusa. Zvisinei, New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker yakaputsa chinyorwa ichocho muna April 2025, ichitaura kweanopfuura maawa 25.

VaFilibuster vakabvumikisa kuva vanobetsera zvikurukuru kuvarwi vejenari vokumaodzanyemba avo vakatsvaka kuvhara mutemo wekodzero dzavagari vemo, kubatanidza zvikwereti zvinorwisana nechikwereti. Iyi nhau inotambudza yakatungamirira kunharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro pebasa remonilbuster muhurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji yeAmerica.

Zvakasiyana Nezvavakaona

Haasati ari bhizimisi rose reDare riri pasi pemoniri.Nokufamba kwenguva, kusiyana kwakasiana - siana kwakatangwa kupfurikidza nechinjo dzomutemo nemiitiro chaiyo yomutemo.

Kunyora Mazita Nenzira Yenyukireya

Muna 2013, vaDemocrates vakachinja mitemo yeDare kuti vagonese kusimbiswa kwenzvimbo dzebazu repamusoro uye kwedare risiri redare rinotonga nevoruzhinjiwo zvavo, uye makore mana gare gare, vaSenarian Republic vakawedzera chinjo kuti ibatanidze kugadzwa kweDare Gurusa. Kuchinja kwose kuri kuviri kwakakumbira chinozivikanwa sechisarudzo chenyukireya, kana kuti kukundwa kwemutemo kuti ukunde kudzongonyedzwa nevoruzhinji.

Muna 2013 na2017, Dare renyukireya rakashandisa nzira yenyukireya kuti ritange kuronga zvinhu zvakatevedzana zvakaderedza kubatana kwokupfuudzwa kwebhora kuvazhinji, uye kubvira ipapo, kunyora mashoko kunokwanisa kusimbiswa pasina kutsigirwa nevane 60 vejenari, kunyange zvazvo vanganonoka nemwana.

Chisarudzo chenyukireya chinoshanda kupfurikidza negadziriro yenyukireya. chisarudzo chenyukireya chinogona kukumbirwa nesangano rinomutsa pfundo renhevedzano iro rinobatanidza mutemo wakamira, nomukuru mukuru anotungamirira achikurira pfundo renhevedzano rakavakirwa pamitemo yeDare nemienzaniso, uye ichi chisarudzo ipapo chichikwidzwa ndokuchinjwa nevoruzhinji vakapfava, kugadza muenzaniso mutsva.

Kuyananisa Mari

Kupererwa nemitemo yemari yokuyananisa yakatungamirira kukushandiswa kwemitemo yebhajeti yokudzivisa mhinganidzo dzenzvimbo, nechikwereti chokuyananisa chinokwanisa kupfuura namavhoti 51 bedzi, zvichienzaniswa nechinodikanwa chakaderera cha60 - vota chakaiswa navana.

Chiverengero chakati chemirau yokugadza mitemo chakaitwa kuganhurira ukuru hwevana kupfurikidza nokuisa ganhuriro yenguva inongoerekana yavapo pakurukurirano yeDare yemibvunzo yakati, kubatanidza Congregal Bal Back Act ya 1974 (iyo yakatanga muitiro webhajeti wokuyananisa), Congregational Review Act neDhistric of Columbia Home Rule Act.

Gadziriro yeyananiso inobvumira mutemo wakati webhajeti une chokuita nedare kufambisa nomuDare nevoruzhinji vakapfava, kuchiiita motokari inokwezva nokuda kwechinjo huru dzemiitiro. Zvisinei, pane ganhuriro dzakasimba pane zvinogona kubatanidzwa muzvikwereti zvokuyananisa, zvinodzorwa ne "Byrd Game" inoganhurira gadziriro idzo dzisina kurongwa zvikurukuru muchisiko.

Kubatsira Kunoita Chikara Pamutemo

Simba Kuvaduku

Chikwata chevanambuchi chinochinja zvikuru kuenzana kwesimba muDare. Muzvinoitika zvizhinjisa kutsemuka kunoda chiverengero chikuru chezvikamu zvitatu zvezvitatu zvevatenari vakasarudzwa noungwaru (60 vhoti kana pasina nzvimbo imwe chete), naizvozvo vashomanene vavatsigiri vanogona kuvhara mwero, kunyange kana vane tsigiro yavashomanene.

Kukwanisa kwevaSenator kupinda muvana vane vanabuster kune mugumisiro mukuru uye wakapararira pamaitirwe anoita Dare basa raro pauriri, mutungamiriri woruzhinji achisarudza kusava nepepa rokufunga nezvaro pauriri achitarisana nemwana ane tyisidziro.

Kukurudzira Kubvumirana Pane Zvisina Kufanira Kana Kuti Kuronga Kuroorana?

Kariro yenharirire inogona kunyengetedza vatsigiri vebhiri kugamuchira chinjo mugweta iro ivo vasingatsigiri asi iro riri madikanwa kudzivisa mugari chaiyeiye. Vatsigiri vemoniribuster vanoramba ikoku kukurudzira kubvumirana kwebipartis uye vanodzivisa voruzhinji kufutisa vashomanene.

Zvisinei, vatsoropodzi vanotaura nezvokusashanda zvakanaka kuri kuwedzera mutsika, Setina yaichengeterwa nhau dzinomutsa nharo zvikurusa bedzi, asi kushandiswa kwayo kwakawedzera mumakore achangobva kupfuura, kuchiwanzononotsa bhizimisi mukamuri kumira. Kushandiswa kwevanaripuster kwakawedzera zvinoshamisa mumakore achangobva kupfuura pari pari kukura nharaunda muWashington, namavhoti anopfuura 2 500 okugumisa nhubuster kubvira muna 1917, uye anopfuura hafu yakaitika mumakore 12 chete apfuura.

Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti uku kushandiswa kwakawedzerwa kwakaderedza bhizimisi muDare kumisa, kazhinji kazhinji kuchideredza kamuri mukufamba kwemiitiro yetsika panzvimbo pekurukurirano yokuzvidira uye, pakupedzisira, kugadzira mitemo.

Mikana Yakawanda Yakawanikwa

Chipepa chimwe chinogona kutarisana nenziyo dzakawanda mukati merwendo rwayo muDare. Zvikwereti zvizhinji zvinogona kuva zviri pasi pezvinenge vana vaviri pamberi pezvisarudzo zveDare panzvimbo yokupedzisira: kutanga, chipfuro chechinoumba chirevo chokupfuurira kurangaridza bhiriti, uye ipapo mumwe mwana papepa amene. Zvikwereti zvokuwedzera zvinogona kuitika pakugadziriswa kwemimwe mibato.

Ikoku kunoreva kuti kunyange mutemo netsigiro huru unogona kutarisana nechinono chikuru uye kunoda kuvhota kuzhinji kuti ufambire mberi kupfurikidza neDare.

Kubudirira Kwemisi Ichangobva Kupfuura Nemakakatanwa

Kuwanda kweFilibuster muna 2025

Makore achangobva kupfuura aya akaona dzvinyiriro inopfuuridzirwa pamonirbuster. Vatungamiriri veDare reRepublica vakaita zvisakiso zvinoparira gore rino kusekesa nhubuster apo inomira munzira yaTrump nezvishuvo zveGOP.

Republicans akatumira "chisarudzo chenyukireya" kuchinja mitemo yeDare kuti asimbise boka ra 48 Trump nominees, nechiito chinobvumira Dare kusimbisa zviverengero zvisina kuganhurirwa zvechikamu cheCabinet chepasi chapurezidhendi muboka rimwe, pasina kuda kubvumirwa navashomanene.

Republicans inocherechedza kuti chikumbaridzo chamabhii 60 chokuita mutemo wakawanda hachina kuparadzwa, sezvo Mutungamiriri weDare Mukuru John Thune achivimbisa pashure pesarudzo 2024 yokuti mwana aizova mutongi aizoramba asina kuchinja pakurinda kwake.

Nharo Dzinopfuurira

Kana akarumbidzwa somudziviriri wezvishomanene zvezvamatongerwe enyika kubva muudzvinyiriri hwevoruzhinji, kana kuti kudenhwa sechishandiso chokudzivisa kubvisa, kodzero yekurukurirano isina kuganhurirwa muDare, kubatanidza nhabvu, yave iri rutivi rukuru rwebasa redare rakatanhamara redare rezvamatongerwe enyika reAmerica.

Gakava pamusoro pechikwata chinonzi filbuster rinowanzochinja zvichitsamira pakuti ipati ripi rinodzora Dare. Mapati ose ari maviri panguva dzakasiyana - siyana akarayira kuti vabvise kana kuti vagadzirise mwana wavo paanenge ari muruzhinji, asi kuzongoidzivirira apo inenge iri shoma. Ikoku kunoratidzira kusawirirana kukuru pakati pomutemo woruzhinji namaruramiro maduku ayo vanachibuster vanoisa.

Kupedza Rwendo Rwakapiwa Mutemo

Kana bhiri racho rangobudirira bedzi kunzvera Dare (hwungava kupfurikidza nokuwana mavhoti 60 okunzwa kana kuti kupfurikidza nomuitiro wokudzivirira mwana kuteramisano nejeko), rinofanira kupedza mamwe matanho anoverengeka kuva mutemo.

Kubatanidza Dzimba Neshanduro Dzedare

Kana bhiri racho rikapfuura rimwe boka reCongress, rinoenda kune mumwe mutumbi kuti riite nzvero yakafanana, kurukurirano, chinjo, uye kuvhota, uye kana bedzi mitumbi yose iri miviri yavhota kuti igamuchire musengwa, inofanira kupedza misiyano ipi neipi pakati peshanduro mbiri dzacho.

Congress ingaumba dare romusangano rokupedza kana kuti kuyananisa misiyano iri pakati peshanduro dzeSayenzi neDare dzemitemo, uye kana dare remusangano risingakwanisi kusvika chibvumirano, mutongo wacho unofa, asi kana chibvumirano chikasvikwa, mitezo yedare yacho inogadzirira mushumo womusangano nerumbidzo dzemutemo wokupedzisira. Zvose zviri zviviri House neDare zvinofanira kuvhota kuti zvitendere mushumo wemusangano wacho.

Chiito Chapurezidhendi

Kana mativi ose ari maviri avhota parumwe rudzi rwemari yacho ndokupfuura, vanoipa kuna purezidhendi, uyo ipapo anorangarira mutero wacho uye anogona kubvumira mutero wacho ndokuisa isaina mumutemo.

Kana Purezidhendi asingatori chiito kwamazuva 10 apo Congress inenge iri murusando, muganhu wacho unova womuzvarirwo.

Kana purezidhendi akasarudza kuisa mutongo, muzvinoitika zvizhinjisa Dare rinogona kuvhota kubvisa gweta iroro uye mutongo wacho uchiva mutemo. Kana vose vari vaviri Dare neImba zvikapfuudza mutongo wacho nevoruzhinji vaviri nezvitatu, vhudzi raPurezidhendi ratoto rinodzorwa, uye pamutemo wacho unova mutemo.

Kana purezidhendi akasaina papepa repamutemo uye rinoramba risina kuiswa chiratidzo apo Congress inenge isisiri murusando, mutongo wacho uchaitwa nokusashandiswa muinonzi nhongonya, uye haugoni kushatiswa neCongress.

Kubudiswa uye Kushandiswa

Pashure pokunge chikwereti chazova mutemo, chinogoverwa nhamba ndokubudiswa muUnited States Stagtes Fault, ine mitemo yechisiko chose uye yechigarire panguva iyoyo yakabatanidzwa muBumbiro Remitemo reUnited States.

Mitemo yakawanda inotungamirira masangano ehurumende kuita zviito zvakati, zvakadai sokugadzira kana kuti kugumisa purogiramu yehurumende, uye pashure pokunge mutemo waitwa, zviri kusangano kusarudza kuti mutemo iwoyo uchashandiswa sei.

Mashoko Aro Anoda Kutambanudzwa: Makwara Nedzikamo

Chikwata chinonzi filbuster chiripo mugadziriro huru zvikuru yokunzvera nedzikamo yakagadzirirwa kudzivisa pfundo ripi neripi kushandisa simba risingadzorwi.

Purezidhendi ane pesvedzero mumuitiro wemitemo, achirumbidza bhajeti yegore negore yamasangano ehurumende uye kazhinji kazhinji achikarakadza mutemo, uye zvichida zvikuru, simba rokuisa mutemo wevhato rinogona kutapura zvikamu zvezvikwereti zvinopfuudzwa neCongress.

Sezvo kusiri kwechienzi zvikuru kuti mutemo uitwe pamusoro peveto yapurezidhendi, Congress inofanira zvikurukuru kuwirirana nechimiro chapurezidhendi pamiitiro inokarakadzwa. Ikoku kunoparira imwe nzvimbo yekurukurirano nokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira mumuitiro wokuita mitemo.

Kune nzvero dzakawanda nedzikamo dzinoganhurira simba reCongress rokuita mitemo, bazi guru richikwanisa kusarudza nzira yokushandisa nayo mutemo mukati memiganhu yakagadzwa neCongress, uye matare ehurumende anokwanisa kutonga kuti Congress yakaita kunze kweganhuriro dzeBumbiro remitemo pakugadza mutemo.

Kunzwisisa Tapuro Chaiyoiyo Yenyika

Simba revanambuya rinotambanukira kure zvikuru kupfuura muitiro weDare (nziyo) iyo miitiro inogona kuva mutemo uye kuti mibatanidzwa yezvamatongerwe enyika inoumbwa sei.

Zvinodikanwa Zvokuva Mukuru Mukushandisa

MuDare reSanihedrini razvino uno, matanho mazhinjisa zvino anoda mavhoti 60 kufambira mberi, kutoti kutoti kusiiwa chaikoiko kunoganhura nguva yekurukurirano inoshanda. Uku kuchinja kukurusa kwomutemo. Mabhiri anofanira kugadzirwa kukwezva tsigiro yebipartis, kana kuti anofanira kukodzera mukati meimwe yezvisingabvumirani nemonicbuster.

Ikoku kwakatungamirira kugadziriro dzokuita mitemo, kubatanidza kushandiswa kwakawedzerwa kwedzorerwo yemari nokuda kwezvirongwa zvikuru zvokutanga nokubatanidza zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokosha mumutemo unopfuura zvinofanira kutorwa uko kunogona kukwezva vhoti dziri madikanwa.

Basa Rokukurukurirana

Chinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndechokuti kutsvakurudza nokukurukura mukuita mutemo kunoitika mumisangano yevashandi vanoshanda nokuda kwevakuru vakuru nevamiririri, nhengo dzevoruzhinji, vatsvaki vemabhizimisi nemabasa asingashandisi mari, uye masangano ehurumende.

Tyisidziro yemwana inoumba uku kutaurirana, kazhinji kazhinji pamutemo usati watotangwa.Vatsigiri vanofanira kurangarira kana vachigona kuunganidza mavhoti 60, uye kana kusati, kana vachifanira kuchinja chikarakadzo chavo kana kuti kuronda nzira yokumwe yokutonga.

Kuitirana Nharo Nokurwisana Nevaviri

Mhaka Yokuchengeta Filibuster

Vatsigiri venfilbuster vanotaura kuti rinobatira mabasa anokosha anoverengeka. Inodzivirira maruramiro mashoma kupfurikidza nokudzivisa voruzhinji bedzi kuisa kuda kwavo pasina bvumirano huru. Inokurudzira kurangarira nokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, ichimanikidzira boka roruzhinji kukurukura nevorushoma ndokuvaka mativi makuru.

Tsinga yezvokudya inopawo dzikamo, ichikuita kwakaoma kuita chinjo dzemiitiro dzinoshamisa idzo dzingagona kuchinjwa apo kudzora maoko ehurumende kunochinja.Ikoku kunogona kukurudzira zvigadzikiso zvakasimba zvikuru, zvebipartis kuzvinetso zvorudzi.

Vadziviriri vanocherechedza kuti Dare rakagadzirirwa kuva muviri unodemba zvikuru kupfuura Imba, une mashoko marefu zvikuru uye kumirira kwakaenzana nokuda kwenyika pasinei zvapo nechiverengero chavagari vemo.

Nhau Yokuchinja Kana Kuti Kubviswa

Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti filbuster yazova chishandiso chokudzivisa panzvimbo pokurangarira. Vanonongedzera kukushandiswa kwayo kuvhara mutemo wekodzero dzavagari vemo nemimwe mipimo yakakurumbira zvikuru. Wedzero inoshamisa munhamba yamakore achangobva kupfuura aya, vanopikisa, yakaparira kuvhara kunodzivisa Congress kupedza zvinetso zvorudzi zvinotambudza.

Vamwe vatsoropodzi vanocherechedza kuti mwana haadudzwi muBumbiro reMitemo uye akanga asiri rutivi rwemitemo yapakuvamba yeDare. Vanopikisa kuti kuda kukurumbira kukuru nokuda kwomutemo wenguva dzose kunosekesa kuzvidavirira kwehurumende yehurumende kupfurikidza nokubvumira vashomanene kudzivisa kuda kworuzhinji.

Zvikarakadzo zvechinjo zvakasiana nokubvisa chose chose mwana kusvikira kukuda kuti "kutaura navanachimbusvusvu" uko vatarisiri vanofanira zvomenemene kuisa uriri, kuparira kusasarura marudzi akati emitemo akadai sekodzero dzokuvhota kana kuti zvikwereti zvekodzero dzevanhu.

Mashoko Anoshanda Nokuda Kwevagari Vacho

Kunzwisisa mugari wehurumende anokosha nokuda kwevagari vomunyika vanoda kuita zvinobudirira. Kana ukataura nevakuru vakuru vako pamusoro pomutemo, zvinokosha kuziva kuti kunyange kana vakuru vakuru vazhinji vachitsigira mutezo, ungakundikana pasina mavhoti 60.

Kuvaka mibatanidzwa yakakura inogona kukwezva bipartisan kunova chinhu chinokosha. Kunzwisisa kuti imotokari dzipi dzemitemo dzinodzivirira kubhajeti dzinonzi filbuster nejekiseni(wrimes) kufanana nokuyananisa mari kana kuti dzimwe nzira dzemabhajeti dzinobatsira vatsigiri kuziva nzira dzinonyanya kushanda nokuda kwezvavanotanga.

Chikwata chinoumbawo matongerwe enyika anodzorwa nevezvematongerwe enyika. Vaongorori vanofanira kunzwisisa kuti kunyange apo rimwe boka rinodzora utungamiriri uye makamuri ose ari maviri eDare, mukana we60 wemari muDare unogona kudzivisa boka iroro kuita zvirongwa zvaro zvakazara. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kukukangaidzika apo nhimbe inopikira kusati kwazadzikwa, asi kunoratidzira gadziriro yamaune yeDare sechekedzo pasimba guru.

Kutarira Mberi: Nguva Yemberi yeFilibuster

Remangwana ravanaibuster rinoramba risina chokwadi. Nguva imwe neimwe Dare parinochinja maoko, nharo pamusoro pokuchinja kana kuti kuribvisa dzinovapozve. Kukukurwa kwapashoma napashoma kwechinobereka kunokarakadza kuti kumwe kuchinja kunobvira, zvikurukuru kana kupfuudzana kweganda kuchiwedzera.

Vamwe vacherekedzi vanodeya kutaura kuti muchengeti womutemo pakupedzisira achabviswa, achitevera mutoo wakaisirwa nokuda kwokunyorwa kwemashoko. vamwe vanodavira kuti vasen vachazorichengetedza pakupedzisira, vachiziva kuti rimwe zuva vangava muvashomanene uye vanoda dziviriro dzaro.

Kupesana kuripo pakati pekodzero dzevakawanda nekodzero dzevoruzhinji, pakati pokubudirira nokufunga, pakati pechinjo nokugadzikana, iyi mibvunzo inokosha ichapfuurira kuumba gakava revana vorudzi rwacho kwemakore anouya.

Nzvimbo Dzinokosha Dzokunzwisisa Gadziriro Yomutemo

Mapfundo anoverengeka anokosha anobva mukunzvera uku kwokuti mitemo inoitwa sei uye basa remonicalbuster:

  • Kuronga mitemo kunosanganisira matanho akawanda, kubva pasumo yebhii kuburikidza nokuongorora dare, kukurukura pauriri, kufamba nemakamuri ose ari maviri, uye kuita sapurezidhendi
  • Dare rinoshanda pasi pemitemo yakasiyana nemimwe inobvumira kukurukurirana kwakarebesa, zvichiita kuti vana vevana vabvume kuti vana vasazovapo
  • Kugumisa mwana nomurwi unoita kuti mwana aome kunoda mavhoti 60 muzviitiko zvakawanda, kuchitanga chinodikanwa chikuru chemitemo yakawanda
  • Kusiya zvinhu zvinokosha kuripo, kubatanidza kuronga kuyanana uye kunyora mashoko, zvinogona kupfuurira nemavhoti akawandawo zvawo
  • Chinoumba chigaro chakabva pakuda kutaura chaikoiko kwakatambanudzwa kubvumira "chinyararire" vanambuya vakavakirwa patyisidzirowo zvayo yokudzivisa
  • Kushandiswa kwenyakurera kwakawedzera zvinoshamisa mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya, kuchibetsera kuronga mutemo
  • Chikwata chevanambuster chinobatanidza kusawirirana kukuru muhurumende yegutsaruzhinji yeAmerica pakati poutongi hwakawanda nekodzero shomanene
  • Kunzwisisa nzira idzi kunokosha kuti vanhu vagarisane uye kuti hurumende itarisire kuti zvinhu zviitwe

Mamwe Mari Yokudzidza Zvakawanda

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pomuitiro wewirirano nenhokwe, zviwanikwa zvakaisvonaka zvinoverengeka zvinowanika. U.S. website yedare reSango yeDare inogovera mashoko ane udzame pamusoro pemaficialbuster napamaronda, kubatanidza mashoko enhau nemiitiro yazvino.

Ribriary yeGungano inopa nhungamiro huru kumuitiro wemitemo, kubatanidza tsananguro dzevhidhiyo nezvinyorwa zvine udzame. Brennan Center yeChirevo [ inogovera kuongororwa kwenhau yemonicbuster netapuro pademokrati.

Congress.gov inobvumira vagari vemo kunyora mutemo wazvino uno, kuona kuti vamiririri vavo vanovhota sei, uye kuwana sei rugwaro rwakazara rwemabhiri nemitemo. Kubatanidzwa nezviwanikwa izvi kunogona kukudza kunzwisisa kwako nzira iyo hurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica inoshanda nayo.

mhedziso

Muitiro uyo chikwereti chinova nawo mitemo muUnited States wakaoma kupfurikidza nokugadzira, uchibatanidza cheki dzakawanda nedzinodzikama kuti uve nechokwadi chokurangarira kwakakwana nebvumirano yakafara.

Chingave chirangarirwa sedziviriro inokosha nokuda kwamaruramiro maduku kana kuti mhinganidzo inorwisana nedemocratic kuti ifambire mberi, muberekesi asingarambiki anoumba mitemo yeAmerica munzira dzakajeka. Chikumbaridzo chayo chamakumi 60 chemitengo chinotapura kuti zvikwereti zvinogona kupfuvura sei, kuti zvii zvinoumba mibatanidzwa, uye kuti chii chiri madikanwa. Kunzwisisa chirevo chenhaka yechiberekeso chenyika yeAmerica naizvozvo kunokosha kuti tinzwisise kuti hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inoshanda sei chaizvoizvo, mukupesana nenzira yaingashanda nayo murondedzero.

Sezvo kurukurirano pamusoro penguva yemberi yevanaibhuruster inopfuurira, vagari vakaziva vanogona kubetsera kukurukurirano pamusoro penzira yakanakisisa yokudzikamisa nayo mipimo inokwikwidzana youtongi huzhinji, maruramiro avazhinji, kurangarira, uye udzori hunobudirira. Muitiro wemitemo, kubatanidza filibuster, pakupedzisira unoratidzira zvisarudzo pamusoro porudzi rwedemocracy yatinoda kuva narwo (hwurudziro (hwunorumwe norumwe runofanira kunzvera nokugadziridza rungabvira muchiedza chemigariro inochinja nemipimo.