Kusarudza Kukuru uye Mutemo: Nhungamiro Yakapfava Kugadziriro Yakaoma Kunzwisisa

Sarudzo huru ibasa rakavanzika rehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica. Nepo sarudzo dzinowana ngwariro hurusa, maprimite anotema kuti vadaviri vapi vanooneka panhamba yaNovember, vachiisa pamutemo mundima murudzi rwavanhu vanopfuura mamirioni 330. Zvisinei, mitemo inodzora iyi makwikwi akareruka. Iwo igadziriro yakadzika mizhinji yemitemo yehurumende, mitemo yehurumende, mirau yebato, uye mirau yedare.

Kunzwisisa iyi mitemo yapamutemo kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi aitsvaka kuvhota, kumhanya nokuda kwebasa, kana kuti kungonzwisisa bedzi mugariro wezvamatongerwe enyika. Kukakavadzana kukuru mumutemo mukuru wesarudzo kuri pakati pefariro yehurumende mukuita sarudzo dzakarurama nedzinobudirira nekodzero yebato rezvamatongerwe enyika yeFirst Amendment kusarudza mutezo wayo umene.

Nheyo Yapamutemo: Ndiani Anoita Mitemo Nokuda Kwamatare?

Kusiyana nezvisarudzo zvinosarudzwa nevanhu vose, izvo zvinotarisirwa zvachose nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo, kusarudza kukuru kuripo panopinda mvumo yemutemo wavose nesangano ravanhu voga.

Chiremera Chehurumende Nebumbiro Remitemo

Dare reMitemo reU.S. rinopa simba rokuita sarudzo, asi mitemo yehurumende inogadza zvinodikanwa zvakafara. Act America Vote (HARVA) ya2002], somuenzaniso, inodzora mipimo yemichina yokuvhota uye mavhotera anonyoresa izvo zvinoshanda kuvhota. matare ehurumende akaitawo basa guru. Dare rapamusoro rakaramba richidavira kuti mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika ane kodzero yesangano [[FLT:] . Ikoku kunoreva kuti hurumende haigoni kumanikidza boka kubvumira vanhu vapanze kuti vapamberi kuvhotera kana akakuvadza shoko rebato.

Munhau yechiratidzo Tashjian v. Republican Party yeConnecticut (1986), Dare rakatonga kuti mutemo wehurumende unoita kuti chivharwe wakanga usingawiriraniswi nokuti wakadzongonyedza kodzero yebato kukoka vavhoti vakasununguka kuti vatore rutivi. Nenzira inopesana, mu [[FLT:]] California Democratic Party v. Jones [2000], Dare rakarova California "hotera," yakabvumira vose kuvhotera nokuda kwemubato upi noupi pasinei. dare rakarangarira kuti vatsigiriki vasai kuzviisa kubatira kuvhotera kupfurikidza nesangano ravo risiri renyika. Jones[FLT] [FFY]

Iyi nhau inosimbisa nheyo huru yapamutemo: mitemo yehurumende inofanira kudzikamisa fariro dzomugariro pakodzero dzebato. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei tichiona musiano mukuru wakadaro mumitemo mikuru munyika 50.

Zvirevo Zvehurumende Nemabhuku Okutonga Eboka

Pamwero wehurumende, mabumbiro eSarudzo anoraira nzungu namabhaudhi: kuronga miganho, kukumbira zvinodikanwa, marongedzero, uye rondedzero. Mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika anonyorawo mabhuku avo vamene emitemo. Democratic National Committee (DNC) neRepublican National Committee (RNC) inogadzira mitemo inodzika miganhuro yokuti vamiririri vavo vapurezidhendi vanopiwa sei. Mapati ehurumende anogona kugadza mitemo yorumano makuru nokuda kwenzvimbo dzawo, chero bedzi asingarwisani nomutemo wehurumende. Uku kumhanya kwemibato nokuda kwaGavhuna mukuru wehurumende kungatarisana nemiraudzo yakasiana - siyana kupfuura kupfumidzwa kwemitezo yaPrezidhente, kunyange munyika imwe cheteyo.

[ External Resource: nokuda kwendaza yakakwana yemitemo mikuru yenyika netebhuro, Conference of State Legislatures [ inogovera kuputsika kwakaisvonaka.

Kunzwisisa Marudzi Akasiyana - siyana Emhosva

Mitemo yacho yakagadzirirwa kutarisira kuti ndiani achavhota, uko kunotapura zvakananga kutsamira papfungwa dzevanoda kusarudzwa.

Mari Dzakavharwa

Muchikamu chikuru, vavhoti bedzi vakanyoreswa nebato chairo vanogona kuvhota muchikamu chikuru. Democrat akanyoreswa haagoni kuvhota muRepublican. Chibvumikiso chapamutemo cheprimpmiry yakasimba: vanodzivirira [ maruramiro esangano. Vanovimbisa kuti rukudzo rwebato runosarudzwa nemitezo chaiyoiyo yebato.

Painoshanda: Masangano akafanana neNew York, Florida, Delaware, uye Pennsylvania anoshandisa zvakasimba mapringiriti akavharwa. Mavoter anofanira kuzivisa wirirano dzawo dzebato pachine nguva mberi zvikuru.

[[FLT: 0] Impact:[[[FLT: 1]] Primmes dzinokombamira kukuda vapindi avo vane pfungwa dzinowirirana zvikuru nenzvimbo yebato, sezvo vavhoti vakuru kazhinji kazhinji vavimbisana zvikuru uye vanotora kupfuura vavhotawo zvavo.

Zvikwereti Zvakazaruka

Munhu mukuru anobvumira muvhoti upi noupi akanyoreswa kusarudza kuti ndoupi webato guru rokuvhota paZuva roKusarudza. Panzvimbo yokuvhota, ungokumbira bedzi Democratic kana kuti Republican bolot. Nhimbu yapamutemo pano ndi chivo chapamutemo[ uye kutora rutivi .]

Painoshanda: Masangano akafanana naMichigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, uye New Hampshire anoshandisa maprimiry. Key Ratime:[ Muvhoti angachinja mapoka kubva pasarudzo kuenda kurusarudzo pasina ganhuriro dzipi nedzipi.

Coversion: Kukakavadzana kukurusa kwapamutemo netsika ndiko kuvhota . Vashori vanotaura kuti kuzarura kwemitezo inobvumira mitezo yebato rinopikisa ku "kuvhota" mukurusa uye kuvhota nokuda kwomutsigiri akaneta zvikuru. Nepo Dare Rapamusorosoro rakatsigira kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji mavambo akazaruka seanobvumirwa, gakava rinopfuurira.

Semi - vharai uye Semi- - Vharariyo

Idzi idzi mhando dzakagadzirwa kuparadzanisa. Mu mesemi-okisid yehwaro (umh., Iowa, North Carolina), mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa bedzi inogona kuvhota mubato iroro, asi muvhoti akazvimirira anogona kusarudza kuti ipati ipi yepati yokutora. Mu ] igadziriro inoita kuti vanhu vasarudze kutora.

Midziyo iri pamusoro-paviri ne Pamusoro-Pamusoro

Uku kubviswa kukuru kubva panzvimbo dzegamuchidzanwa. Mu Tsika yapamusoro- 2 , inoshandiswa muWashington, California, uye Nebraska, vose vanoda kubhapatidzwa vakarongwa pachinhu chimwe chetecho chikuru pasinei zvapo nesonganiro. Vaviri vanotora vapamberi vanoenda mberi kurusarudzo.

[[FLT: 0] `Imifungo: Iyi gadziriro yakagadzirirwa kubudisa vakundi vane mwero zvikuru ndokunetesa simba rebato mukati. Zvisinei, yakatungamirira kumigariro umo maDemocrates kana kuti maRepublicans akatarisana murusarudzo rwavose, nenzira inobudirira kubvisa vavhozhokeri vedzimwe nzvimbo. Dare Rapamusoro rakatsigira Mitemo- 2 mu [FLT:] Hamington State Grangev. Washington Republican Party[FLT] [200], richisiyamura kubva kurusarusaru rwapama. [FLT:][FFF]

Alaska akasundira ikoku kupfuurirazve ne Trip - FOur yakabatanidzwa naRhanked Chover Voing (RCV) musarudzo yavose. Mutsika ino, vadaviri vapamusoro vana fambiro mberi, pasinei zvapo nepati, uye sarudzo yavose inosarudzwa nokukurumidza.

[[FT:0] Extral Resource: Nokuda kwokunzverwa kwemashandiro anoita marusarudzo aya, ona America yeUnite[ Anzvero pamusoro pechinjo huru.

Kukwira Bharati: Zvikwaniriso Zvinoda Kupinda uye Kukwanisa Kuwana

Mitemo yapamutemo panguva ino mifungo yakakwirira zvikuru. kana mubhadhari asingagoni kuwana zita rayo papepa rokutanga repepa, nhimbe yavo yapera isati yavamba.

Kukumbira Nokuvirima

Nyika zhinji dzinoda vaidiwa kubhadhara mari yediregitari kana kuti kuunganidza nhamba chaiyo yezvisaini kubva kuvavhoti vakanyoreswa kuti vakwaniriswe nokuda kwechikamu chikuru chenhau. Muenzaniso wedare weSangano pano ndi [[FLT:] Andersson] v. Celebreze [[FLT]] [1903] [1983] uye [[FLT:] Burdickck v. Takushi[FLT:]] [5] . Dare rakatanga kuedza kwakadzikama: ukombi dzechirambidzo padariro padhipatimendiro/vo inoyerwa mukurongwa kwehurumende.

  • Zvinodikanwa: Mune dzimwe nyika, mudavi waGavhuna angada zviuru zvesigini. Somuenzaniso, muTexas, muda kubhabhatidzwa munyika yose anoda zvisaini zvinenge 5 000, asi anofanira kuzviunganidza munzvimbo dzakati (a "chinodikanwa chomupiro").
  • Kudzosa: Izvozvi zvinosiyana nenzira youpengo. Kumhanyisa nokuda kwechigaro chehurumende muMichigan kungada mazana mashomanene amadhora, nepo mubhadharo muFlorida unogona kuva zviuru zvinoverengeka. Kana mubhadharo wakakwirira zvikuru, unogona kudenhwa sechikanganiso chetsika kurudyi kuti uende kunzvimbo.

Mitemo Yokuva Netsitsi uye Yokuva Munhu Anozvidzora

Zvinodikanwa zvikuru zvapamutemo zvinobatanidza zera (zvinowanzova 18 nokuda kwehofisi yehurumende, 25 nokuda kweImba, 30 nokuda kweDare), kuva mugari wemo, uye kugara. Mudaviri anofanira kuva zvikurukuru mugari wenyika kana kuti ruwa rwaanoda kumirira nokuda kwenhambo yakatarwa (kazhinji kazhinji makore 1-5). Iyi mirau haiwanzova inomutsa nharo asi inomanikidzirwa chose chose.

Mitemo ye "Sore Los"

Murairo wakakomba asi unowanzofuratirwa ndiwo "Sore Loser". Iyi mitemo inodzivisa mutsigiri anorasikirwa nechikwata chikuru kuti adzokere mukumhanya kwake kana kuti somunyoresi murusarudzo rwavose. Donzo rapamutemo nderokuvimbisa perero yomuitiro wokutanga kupfurikidza nokudzivisa nharo dzokupinda murusarudzo. Penalos inogona kubatanidza kurambidzwa chose chose chose muNovember blot.

Matambudziko Ebharuti

Kukakavadzana pamusoro pokuwana mapepa apamutemo kunowanzoitika, kazhinji kazhinji kusingabvumirwi nokuda kwokushaikwa kwenguva, kuisa siginicha isina kukwana, kana kuti kuva namapepa asina kufanira.

Kuona kuti mitemo yokupinda inosiana sei nehurumende nokuda kwavada kuzvisarudzira, bhalpedia inochengeta zvinyorwa zvehurumende neresimu .

Mitemo Yokunyoresa Neboka

Kuti uvhote, unofanira kunyoreswa kuti uvhote, izvi zvinoita sezvisina basa, asi zvinodiwa nemutemo zvinokonzera zvipingamupinyi zvinokosha.

Mazita Akafa Anonyoreswa

Nyika zhinjisa dzinoda vavhoti kunyoresa mazuva 15 kusvikira ku30 pamberi pechikuru. Dzimwe nyika, dzakafanana naMinnesota, Wisconsin, uye Montana, dzinobvumira kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero pazuva rokutanga. Iyi chinjo yapamutemo inogona kuwedzera zvikuru, zvikurukuru pakati pavavhoti vaduku. Mitengo ine miraudzo inokombamira inowanzoona kuva yakaderera zvikuru.

◯ Kushandisa Mitemo

Gakava pamusoro pemitemo yeVoter rakakomba zvikuru mumitemo yezvitambi. Mitemo yeVoter inoda zvimiro zvakati zvezivikanwo (serezekisi romutyairi kana kuti pasipoti). Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti iyi mhinganidzo yokutora. Mupimo wapamutemo ndewokuti kana mutemo uchiisa "mutoro usingaenzaniswi" parudyi kuvhota, mupimo wakatangwa mu Crawford v. Marion County Ecompution Board[[FLT: 1] (2008). Nepo Dare Rapamusorosoro reIndianatia rinotsigira mutemo worumano, kushandirwa kweiyi mitemo murusarudzo rukurusaruso runopfuurira kupfuurira kubviswa.

Boka Rinochinja

Mumaruwa makuru akavharwa, mutemo unodzora kuti unobatana sei nebato. Dzimwe nyika dzinokubvumira kuchinja mapati paZuva reNzvimbo. Dzimwe, kufanana neNew York, dzinoda kuti uchinjire shamwari dzako mwedzi yakawanda pachine nguva mberi. Iyi inozivikanwa se "window" nokuda kwokuchinja kwebato. Iyi mitemo yakagadzirirwa kudzivisa kuvhozhokera vanhu asi inogonawo kubata vavhoti vanoda kuchinja zita ravo rezvematongerwe enyika.

Mari Yokushandisa: Mitemo Yemutambo Wemari Mumatare

Mari ndiyo inokosha munhimbe dzazvino uno, uye sarudzo huru dzine mitemo yadzo dzimene yepamutemo.

Miganhu Yezvinoita

Federal Evolution Campaign Act (FECA) inodzora zvigaro zvehurumende. Panosvika 2024, munhu anogona kugovera [$3,300] pasarudzo kudare ramasangano anosarudza. Nemhaka yokuti chinhu chikuru isarudzo yakaparadzana negavhuna, mupi anogona kupa $3,300 nokuda kwe $3,300 nokuda kwe $3 yezvizhinji. Iyi "per-eat" inopeta kaviri chitsama mupi anogona kupa nenzira yapamutemo pamberi pokutanga kunyange.

Mitemo yemitemo yeHurumende inosiyana zvikuru. Dzimwe nyika hadzina miganhu pamipiro yokutaura nokuda kwevanoda kubhapatidzwa, nepo dzimwe dzine tsoro dzakatsiga (g. $6 pasarudzo imwe neimwe).

Nhengo dzakabatanidzwa

Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anogona kupedza mari achitsigira zvakananga vadariro vavo vakuru, asi kune miganhu pamusoro pekuti vanogona kuwirirana sei nechitsauko. Kubvisa iyi ganhuriro kupunza kwakakomba. Kukwira kwe Super PACS (kutevera [[FLT]]]] Spekich Iye zvino.org v. FC] uye ] CITS UNICES []) yachinja chose chose chose nyika. Parcs anogona kukwidza nokushandisa zvitsamauko zvisina muganhu kuti atsigire kana kuti aparadzire mudaridziro huru, sezvo asingawirirani zvakananga neiyi bhirimo.

Kubhadharwa Kwemari

Iyi igadziriro yepamutemo yakagadzirirwa kuderedza pesvedzero yevapi vemari mudzimba dzevasiri vakuru.

Resource: nokuda kweganhuriro dzazvino dzemubatanidzwa, nzvera Website yeFountation Commission.

Kusawirirana, Mashoko, uye Kukakavadzana

Sarudzo huru inogona kuva inoshatisa, uye mutemo unogovera nzira dzokupedza nayo makakatanwa.

Mashoko

Kana chinhu chikuru chiri pedyo zvikuru, mutemo wehurumende unowanzogovera rondedzero inovapo yoga (kazhinji kazhinji inotangwa kana mucheto uri pasi pe 0.5% kana kuti nhamba chaiyo yevhoti). Zvikasadaro, mudaviri anogona kukumbira rondedzero, asi kazhinji kazhinji anofanira kuibhadhara amene. Mitemo nokuda kwemabhora yakasiana munyika iri yose, uye iyi miitiro inodzorwa nematare ehurumende.

Zvinetso Zvokusagona Kuzvidzora uye Kusawirirana

Chikamu 3, Chikamu che14 cheMitemo yePendekosti yeU.S. Chinotaura kuti munhu upi noupi akapinda mu "kumukira kana kuti kupandukira" pashure pokuita mhiko yokutsigira Bumbiro reMitemo haagoni kuva nesimba. Iyi ndima isina kujeka yakapinzwa mu2024 apo hurumende dzakafanana naColorado naMaine dzakaedza kubvisa mutezo wapurezidhendi pagadziriro iyi yokutanga. rwisano dzapamutemo pamusoro poune chiremera chokumanikidza Chikamu 3 (mabumbiro emitemo) uye icho chinoumba "inirrection" kupfurikidza nesimba guru rekupinda mumutemo weU. Dare gurusa reU. ([FLTF: 0]] trums.v[FFLM]), iyo inotaura kuti chisarutsigiriro chisingagoni kuisa mutongo uyu.

Matambudziko

Kunyange zvazvo zvisati zvawanzova zvinozivikanwa nhasi, mamwe makwikwi apurezidhendi akadai se "makwikwi okuzvifadza" kana kuti makambani anosarudza nhume kukokorodzano. Aya kokorodzano anogona kuva nhandare dzepamutemo nokuda kwezvipupuriro zvokutuma. 2024 yeRepublica neDemocratic kokorodzano dzakaona kurwisana kukuru pamusoro pemitemo yakapiwa vamiririri, zvikurukuru munyika umo zvikurukuru yaidzikiswa kana kuti yakakwikwikwidzwa.

Nguva Yemberi Yomutemo Wokusarudza Wokutanga

Masangano evatongi ari kuchinja nokukurumidza sezvo vavhoti vava kuzvimiririra uye vachiparadzana.

Kurumidza Kusingadzorwi (RCV)

RCV iri kugamuchirwa muminamabhii kuti ibvise "vadaviri" uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti mukundi ane tsigiro huru. Maine anoshandisa RCV nokuda kwemapringiries ayo apurezidhendi (nokuda kwevota vokumhiri kwamakungwa), uye Alaska anoishandisa musarudzo yayo yose pashure peFour yokutanga. Kutendeseka kweRCV kwakatsigirwa nematare makuru enyika, asi kuzivisa pamusoro penzira dzinosarudzwa nadzo dzinopfuurira.

Sangano Ravose Rine Vasina Kubhadharwa

Pane kumanikidzirwa kuri kukura kwapamutemo pamwero wenyika kuvamba mitero yakadzorwa, yakazaruka mibatanidzwa miduku isingadzorwi namabato ezvamatongerwe enyika. Zvitatiso zviri mumaruwa saMissouri, Florida, uye Idaho zviri kuedza kubvisa zvigaro zvakavharwa mukuda kwegadziriro dzakadai seTop- 2 kana kuti Top-Four. Idzi hondo dzapamutemo dzinoumba nhau yacho sekodzero dzomuteresi: "Neiko mutero wangu uchifanira kukwerete mubato mukuru ndinogona kuvhota?

Miitiro Yomutemo Neyokutonga

Dare rehurumende rinotonga rinowedzera kupesana panhau iyi. Nyika dzinodzorwa neRepublica dziri kufamba dzichienda kumiitiro yakavharwa kuti dzimanikidze rucheno rwebato, nepo nyika dzinozvimirira dziri kufamba kumiitiro yakazaruka. Dare rapamusoro richapfuurira kuva mutengi wokupedzisira, achidzikamisa [[[FLT]] maruramiro ePramendement ebato mukurwisana nekodzero dzekudzivirira vavhotera.

External Resource: Nokuda kwokunzverwa kwemashandire anoita idzi chinjo, FairVote inogovera nzvero isina rCV nemiitiro yapakuvamba.

Kupedzisa: Basa Rako Mumuitiro Wepamutemo

Kunzwisisa mitemo yesarudzo huru hakusi kungoshandisawo zvako kwedzidzo. iyi mitemo inosarudza kana vhoti yako ichikosha, kuti ndiani waunogona kuvhotera, uye zvisarudzoi zvaunazvo muna November. Gadziriro yacho yakaoma nemhaka yokuti inobatanidza ubati ushe hwavanhu nesangano rapachivande rezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kana uri muvhoti akatarisana nechinetso chokuwana chivhota, muvhoti achifamba nomusi waanofanira kunyoresa, kana kuti mutsigiri anorwira gadziriro yakazaruka, mitemo yepamutemo ndiyo inoita kuti zvinhu zvifambe zvakanaka. Utano hwegadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica hunotsamira paiyi mitemo kuva inojeka, inosasarura, uye inoshandiswa nguva dzose.

Nzvera chiremera chako chesarudzo yomunzvimbomo kuti unzwisise mitemo yakananga yehurumende yako. Kuziva mitemo inhano yokutanga kukuishandisa.