Mitemo yokujeka ndiyo shongwe inopa vagari vemo kodzero yepamutemo yokuwana mashoko anoitwa nemasangano avose. Iyi mitemo inopa vanhu simba rokunzwisisa, kutarira, uye kutora rutivi mumaitiro okuita zvisarudzo zvinotapura upenyu hwavo. Kuvambira padare romunzvimbomo kumasangano enyika, mitemo yokujeka inovimbisa kuti mabasa ehurumende haavinzwa muchivande. Kuvagari vemo, vanoziva nzira yokushandisa nayo mitemo iyi hachisi chishandiso chinoshanda chokusimudzira nokusimudzira utongi hwakasununguka. Munhambo yokuwedzera kwemifungo mizhinji yemashoko, iyi mitemo inoramba iri nzvero inokosha pasimba uye kubatanidzwa kwezvirongwa zvehurumende.

Mitemo Yokuona Zvakare Ndeipi?

Mitemo yokuratidza mamiriro ezvinhu, inonzi rusununguko rwemashoko (FOI) kana kuti kugona kuziva mirau yakarurama, igadziriro dzemitemo dzinobvumira vanhu kuti vawane zvinyorwa, magwaro, uye mashoko zvinochengetwa nemasangano ehurumende. Yakagadzirirwa kusimudzira kusununguka, kudzivisa uori, uye kugonesa kuongorora mabasa ehurumende. Kunyange zvazvo zvinenge zvichisiyana pachishandiswa simba, mitemo iyi inogoverana nheyo dzakafanana: kubvumira kusununguka, kusava nerusununguko kwakaganhurirwa, uye mashandiro okutarisira.

Mubato wazvino uno wokuona nokuoneka wakava nemhesano pakati pezana ramakore rechi20. United States yakapfuudza Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) muna 1966, ichigadza muenzaniso wamarudzi akawanda. Canada yakatevera neInduration yayo kuRuzivo rwemashoko muna 1983, uye United Kingdom yakaita Freedom of Information Act muna 2000, mimwe mienzaniso inobatanidza Freedom of Information Act yeAustralia, India’s Frect yomutemo weReference neAucce kuResponse to Public Resource Respotution Respoint. Iyi mitemo inogoverana nharidzano yokuita kuti mashoko ehurumende asvikirwe, asi inosiyana muzviito, nokushamba kwokuchengeta.

Pamitemo yavo, mitemo yokuona panovanda inogadza kodzero yapamutemo nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi,(*kukumbira mashoko asingaregi) pasina kushaiwa kururamisa chikumbiro. Masangano ehurumende anodikanirwa kupindura nokukurumidza, kupfurikidza nokugovera magwaro akakumbirwa kana kuti kupfurikidza nokududza kusunungurwa kwapamutemo kwakananga kwokuzvinyima. Uku kuchinja kubva mutsika yokuvanza kukuvanzira ichiratidzo chehurumende yedemocracy.

Kukosha Kwokuona Zvakanaka

Kuona chitarisiko chinhu chinokosha chenzanga yedemocracy. Kunogonesa vagari vemo kuchengeta kuzvidavirira kwehurumende yavo kupfurikidza nokufumura kusingashandisi mari, kana kuti zvisarudzo zvisina kururama. Apo kushanda kwehurumende kunooneka nevoruzhinji, vakuru vakuru sezvingabvira zvikuru vanoita mufariro yavanhu. Betsero dzokuona zvakajeka dzinotambanukira kumwero yakawanda:

  • Kuiswa kwemari: Kuona zvakanaka kunosimbisa kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vapindure nokuda kwezviito zvavo. Nokupinda maminiti emisangano, zvibvumirano, kana kuti mabvunzurudzo, vagari vemo vanogona kusimbisa kuti zvisarudzo zvinoitwa nenzira yapamutemo netsika. Somuenzaniso, vatori venhau vanonzvera kazhinji kazhinji vanoshandisa mitemo yokuona zvakajeka kuti vafumure uori kana kuti tsvina.
  • Kutora rutivi: Vagari vemo vakadzidziswa vane bviro huru yokupinda muhurukuro yavose, kupinda misauriro, kana kuti vhoti pamasangano. Kuwana mashoko kunoita kuti kutora rutivi kuve kune revo, kubvumira vanhu kupa mifungo yakavakirwa panhau.
  • Vimba muInstitution: Kuzarura kunovaka chivimbo chavanhu. Apo hurumende dzinogoverana mashoko nenzira inopfuurira, dzinoratidzira musengwa kukutendeseka. Mukuwirirana Tractrency International[, nyika dzine mitemo yokuona kwakasimba zvikuru dzinova nemwero yakaderera zvikuru uye ruvimbo rukuru rwevagari vemo.
  • Kushanda nokuzvivandudza: Miitiro inoratidzirwa inoderedza mikana yokunyengera nokusashandisa zvakanaka, kuchengeta pfuma yavose. Kuwedzera, mashoko akazaruka anoita kuti vanzveri namabhizimisi vagone kugadzira zvigadzikiso zvenzanga, kubva pakuronga zvokufambisa kusvikira kuutano hwevanhu.

Kuona chitarisiko kunoshandawo sechidziviso pakushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba. Apo vakuru vakuru vanoziva zvisarudzo zvavo namarekodhi zvinodzokororwa, havawanzopinda mumufambiro usina kunaka. Ikoku kunodzivirira kunosimbisa kutonga kwomutemo uye kunotsigira udzori hwakanaka.

Kodzero Dzako Mumitemo Yokubatsira

Semunhu anogara munyika yako, une kodzero dzakati pasi pemitemo yezvekuoneka.

  • Kodzero kukukumbira: Unogona kukumbira magwaro akadai semishumo, maemail, mitemo, masuo emashoko, uye zvibvumirano. Mitemo mizhinjisa inofukidza masangano ose ebazu anotungamirira, kubatanidza madhipatimendi, mapuranga, uye mahofisi.
  • Kodzero kumhinduro inosvika panguva: Zvirongwa zvinofanira kubvuma chikumbiro chako mukati menhambo yakatarwa(kazhinji kazhinji 20 kusvikira ku 30 mazuva ebhizimisi) uye zvinogovera musi unofungidzirwa wokuzadzika. Mimwe mitemo inoda mhinduro mukati menguva pfupi yenhau dzokukurumidzira.
  • Kodzero yokukwirira: Kana sangano rikanyima mashoko, une maruramiro okuhwirudzura kana kuti chikumbiro kudare rinodzora rakazvimirira. Somuenzaniso, FOIA inobvumira kukumbira kumusoro wesangano uye ipapo kudare rehurumende.
  • Kodzero ku Fee Waivers: mitemo yakawanda inokubvumira kukumbira kuderedzwa kana kuti kubhadharwa kwemari kana kuziviswa kuchibatira fariro yavanhu, yakadai sebasa renhau, renyanzvi, kana kuti rekunyora.
  • Kodzero kuMafomati Anowanika: Unogona kukumbira mashoko mumakombiyuta akati, akadai semafaira emagetsi kana kuti mapepa, kunyange zvazvo masangano angada mari yokubereka nayo.

Dzinganzi hadzisi idzo chete, dzingava neganhuriro dzematare emitemo, matare, kana kuti masangano avanhu oga asingagamuchiri mari yavose.Nguva dzose nzvera mutemo wakananga musimba rako kuti unzwisise ukuru hwakazara hwekodzero dzako.

Mienzaniso Yekodzero Dzevanhu Munyika Dzose

Mu United States, FOIA inopa munhu upi noupi maruramiro okupinda zvinyorwa zvesangano rehurumende, nokusapinda kwakati. Mutemo unorairawo kuti masangano ashande nenzira inopfuurira anobudisa magwaro agara achikumbirwa. [[FLT:]] Canada[[FL:] , Acces to Information Act [[FLT]], Accessociation Act inoshanda kumasangano ehurumende, uye vagari vemo vanogona kunyunyutira ku Hofisi yeRuzivo kana vasingagutsikani nemhinduro. Umambo hweUnited [FLT] [FLT:]] [5] hunofukidza zviremera zveMabasa enhau kubatanidza masangano ehurumende, masangano ehurumende, uye National Services. [FF] Mune] [FF] [F]

Nzira Yokuita Nayo Chikumbiro

Kukumbira mashoko pasi pemitemo yokuona zviri pachena chinhu chiri nyore, asi kuongorora zvimwe zvinhu kunogona kuita kuti ubudirire.

  1. Kuzivisa Reconst: sarudza kuti idare ripi rehurumende rina mashoko aunoda. Irori ringava dhipatimendi rehurumende, sangano rehurumende, kana kuti manisiparati omunzvimbomo. Shandisa matura ehurumende, mabhuroko echikumbiro, kana kuti mapepa ezviteshi zvavose kumanikidzira kunzvera kwako.
  2. nyora chikumbiro chakajeka: Tsai tsamba kana kuti indi. Ibatanidza zita rako rakazara, udzame, uye rondedzero yakananga yemagwaro aunotsvaka. Dzivisa mutauro usina kujeka, mitengo yenhau, mitemo, uye marudzi ezvinyorwa (mr., “matsamba akatumwa naMutungamiriri pakati paJanuary 2022 naJune 2023 pamusoro peProject ALC).
  3. SOUTT Throm Thet Channel: Masangano mazhinjisa anogamuchira zvikumbiro kupfurikidza nemirairo yepaIndaneti, email, kana kuti positi. Mamwe mativi anobvumira zvikumbiro zvisingazivikanwi, asi kugovera mashoko ako eshanyo anoyamura kutevera. Chengeta kopi yokuzviisa kwako pasi nemaritisi ipi neipi inobvumikiswa.
  4. Tsai nguva yeRevo: Cherechedza nguva yemitemo nokuda kwemhinduro. Kana usingagamuchiri zivikanwo mukati menhambo inokarirwa, tuma tevere yakapfava. Gadzirira kujekesa kana kuti kupfupikisa chikumbiro kana sangano racho richiirangarira kuva chakafara zvikuru.
  5. Shandisa maEditiontemplation: Mapoka okusatendeseka anogovera matendisi nokuda kwezvikumbiro. Somuenzaniso, Dare remishumo reRusununguko rwePress rinopa muenzaniso wemabhii eFOIA nokuda kweU.S. Aya mabhii anovimbisa kuti ubatanidzire udzame huri madikanwa nenongedzero dzapamutemo.
  6. rhequest Fee Waivers: Kana zvichibvira, tsanangura kuti chikumbiro chacho chinobatira sei fariro yavose, zvakadai sedzidzo, kunzvera, kana kuti kushuma nhau. Mitemo mizhinji inoda masangano kurangarira mari pazvinokumbirwa.

Pazvikumbiro zvemagetsi, shandisa zviteshi zvakafanana ne Zvazvinoziva [[FT:1] muUK kana FOIA.FOV pachiteshi muU.S. izvi zvinorerutsa muitiro ndokukubvumira kunzvera zvikumbiro zvakapfuura nokuda kwamashoko akafanana.

Tsumo Dzinowanzoitwa

Kunzwisisa kutadza kubhadhara zvinhu izvi kunobatsira kutarisira zvinhu zvaunotarisira uye kuzivisa nzira yokukwidza nayo. Kurega kubuda mumatare kunosanganisira:

  • Rusununguko rwenyika: Mashoko angagona kukuvadza mabasa okudzivirira kana kuti uchenjeri, zvakadai segadziriro dzehondo, mitoo yokunzvera, kana kuti kurukurirano dzamasangano, kazhinji kazhinji anohesvurwa.
  • Zvinyorwa zvomunhu oga: zvine mashoko omunhu oga akafanana nenhau dzezvokurapa, nhamba dzeSocial Security, kero dzapamusha, kana kuti udzame hwemari hwomunhu oga zvinodzivirirwa kudzivisa kuvhozhokerwa kwakavanzika.
  • Ungwaru hwebhizimisi: zvakavanzika zvebhizimisi, mashoko ezvokutengeserana anopiwa kuhurumende angasunungurwa kudzivirira fariro dzamakwikwi. Somuenzaniso, kukumbira kwekambani nokuda kwechibvumirano chavose kungabviswa zvishoma.
  • Mashoko anodzorwa nomutemo: Mashoko angagona kubvumiranisa pane zvisina kufanira nzvero dzinopfuurira, kuzivisa zviziviso zvakavanzika, kana kuti kudzivisa unyanzvi hwokuita kuti mutemo utevedzerwe anonyimwa.
  • Mapepa okutanga: Mapepa okutanga akafanana nemitemo yokunyora, mabasa omukati, kana kuti zvinonyorwa zvemusangano zvingahesvurwa kuchengeta kurukurirano dzechokwadi nemiitiro yokuita zvisarudzo. Ikoku kunowanzonzi “ropafadzo."

Kurega kubvumirwa uku kunodzorwa nokuedza kufarirwa nevanhu munzvimbo dzakawanda. Somuenzaniso, muUK’s Freedom of Information Act, kusunungurwa kunogona kusanaka kana kuziviswa kuine fariro yavose. Hurumende dzinofanira kupa zvikonzero zvakajeka zvokurega kubuda kumwe nokumwe, kududza gadziriro yepamutemo uye kutsanangura kuti kuzivisa kungaparira sei kuvadziko. Kana uchifunga kuti kusunungurwa kunoshandwa nenzira isina kururama, unogona kukudenha kupfurikidza nomuitiro wokukumbira.

Kukurudzira Kuramba

Miitiro yokukwirira yakaitirwa kuva nechokwadi chezvikanganiso uye kururamisa.

  1. Kuonazve Kwutsinga: Zvirongwa zvinofanira kutaura kubviswa chaiko kunoshandiswa ndokutsanangura kuti kunoshanda sei. Cherekedza mashoko api naapi anoshayikwa kana kuti ruramiso dzisina kujeka. Tsamba inofanirawo kududza chikamu chapamutemo chinokumbirwa.
  2. File A Infrom Interlinear Appeal:[[FLT 1] Mitemo mizhinjisa inoda kuhwirudzurwa kwomukati nemukuru mukuru. Isa chikumbiro chakanyorwa mukati meframe yenguva yakagadzwa(kazhinji kazhinji 30 mazuva kubva pakuramba. Nharo yakajeka nei kuhesvurwa kusingashandisi kana kuti nei fariro yavanhu ichibvumira kuziviswa. Ronzesa chikumbiro chapakuvamba netsoropotezo.
  3. tsvaka External Review: Kana kukwirira kwomukati kukakundikana, kukwirira kudare rinodzora rinozvimirira. MuUnited States, Hofisi yeHurumende yeInformation Service (OGIS) inopa zvirevo, uye unogonawo kunyora dare redare rehurumende. muCanada, Commissioner anoongorora nyunyuto. MuUK, Office’Shostname's Aplonerivers appending. Masangano aya ane chiremera kurayira kana kuti kurumbidza kuchinja kwemiitiro.
  4. [[FLT: 0] Fungai pamusoro penhau: Mamwe masangano anopa mamwe mabasa okugadzirisa nharo, akadai seadzo, kupedza kusawirirana pasina kujekeswa. Ikoku kunogona kuva kunomhanya uye kunodhura zvikuru kupfuura kutongwa nedare.
  5. Tsala Chinyorwa Chiri chose: Chengeta makopi etsamba dzose, kubatanidza misi, mazita evashandi, uye mabhii okupindura. Chinyorwa ichi chinokosha pakuvaka nhau yakasimba mudenho dzapamutemo.

Pazvinoitika zvakaoma, tsvaka betsero kumasangano asingapinzi mhindu akafanana ne American Civil Liberties Union kana kuti mabhiriniki epamutemo. Mapoka mazhinji ezvikoro zvedzidzo anoshanda murusununguko rwenhau dzemashoko uye anogona kugovera nhungamiro kana kuti kumirira.

Miitiro Yakanakisisa Nokuda Kwezvikumbiro Zvinobudirira

Kuti uwedzere bviro yokuwana mashoko aunoda, shandisa iyi miitiro ine mufungo:

  • Bheta zvakananga uye Nhevedzo: Zvikumbiro zvokufara kazhinji kazhinji zvinotungamirira kukunonotsa, kuramba, kana kuti mibhadharo yakakwirira. Panzvimbo pokubvunza “zvinyorwa zvose zvine chokuita nemitemo,” dudza“ tsamba dzinobva ku Mukuru weStaff pamusoro pePrime X pakati paJanuary naMarch 2023.] Kudzikisa ukuru kunogona kupedza kugadzirwa.
  • Sebenzisa Chirevo, Mutauro wakapfava: Dzivisa mashoko epamutemo kutoti kuri madikanwa. Nyora muchiNgezi chakajeka kuva nechokwadi chavashandi vanogona kunzwisisa chikumbiro chako nyore nyore ndokuwana marekodhi anokosha.
  • Tevera Up Norupfave: Kana usingagamuchiri mhinduro mukati meframe yenguva yepamutemo, tumira tevere inoremekedzeka. Kupfuurira kazhinji kazhinji kunobhadhara, sezvo masangano angaisa zvikumbiro zvinoramba zvichioneka.
  • Cherechedza mabazu akawanda aPortals Kutanga: Anobudisa nguva dzose magwaro, akadai sokushandisa mishumo, zvibvumirano, kana kuti maminiti emisangano. Ongorora aya masero asati anyora chikumbiro chokuchengetedza nguva nenhamburiko.
  • .Ngwetate DEC: Kana sangano rikati chikumbiro chako chikuru zvikuru kana kuti chinorema, rikarakadze kuderedza upamhi hwezuva. Somuenzaniso, ganhurira denderedzwa kana kuti kukumbira mashoko echipfupiso bedzi. Ikoku kunogona kukurumidzisa kugadzirwa ndokuderedza ndyiko.
  • Ramba uchiziva pamusoro peReformations dzemitemo: Mitemo yokuona zvakanaka inoshanduka nokufamba kwenguva. Somuenzaniso, FAIA Reformation Act ya2016 yakasimbisa kuziviswa muU.S. kupfurikidza nokuda kuti pave nedaviso yokusununguka. Kutevera chinjo dzemitemo kunobetsera kushandisa gadziriro itsva.

Nokuramba uchishanda uye uchiita zvinhu nenzira inoshanda, unogona kuchinja kodzero yako yokuziva zvinhu zvinooneka zvinozivisa nzanga yako, kutsvakurudza kwako, kana kuti kuongorora kwako.

Mabhuku Emamwe Mashoko

Kuti uwedzere kunzwisisa uye kushandisa mitemo yokuona zviri kupenya, ongorora zvinhu izvi zvine simba:

  • United States FOIA: Website yapamutemo pa foia.gov inogovera zvishandiso zvokukumbira, wirirano dzamasangano, mishumo yegore negore, uye nzvimbo yokudzidzira nokuda kwePHONDOIA.
  • 'S Access to Information: Hofisi yeInformation Commissioner yeCanada inopa nhungamiro nezvimiro zvokunyunyuta pa ioic-ci.gc.ca[.
  • UK Rusununguko rwemashoko Act: Hofisi yeInformation inotsanangura kodzero dzako uye inopa zano rokukumbira pa ico.org.uk[.
  • Trafratement International: Iyi mubatanidzwa wenyika yose unobudisa nzvero pamusoro pokujeka, ushati, uye kuzvidavirira pa trastable. org[
  • Access Zivo Europe:[ Asati ari purofiti nokuda kwehurumende yakazaruka muEurope, ine zviwanikwa nefundo dzechakaitika pa s-info.org
  • [[CHOKWADI:0] Izvo Vanoziva: A - UK - A - A - A inonama FOI zvikumbiro nokutsvaka zvikumbiro zvomunguva yakapfuura pa izvo unoziva.com
  • Kodzero yerudzi kuMasangano: Mapoka akafanana neAmerican Civil Liberties Union anogovera nhungamiro dzapamutemo nokuda kwezvikumbiro zveFOIA (aclu.org/Ziva-maruramiro ako/rusununguko-lwazi).

Nyika dzakawanda dzakatsaurirawo mawebsite ehurumende nokuda kwegadziriro dzadzo dzokuona. Nzvera dare rehurumende yomunzvimbomo nokuda kwemiitiro yakananga nezvimiro.

mhedziso

Mitemo yokuona mativi ose inopfuura mitemo yemitemo; zvishandiso zvehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu muzviito. Nokunzwisisa kodzero dzako uye nzira yokudzishandisa, unobatsira kutsika yokusununguka inodzivisa kubatwa zvisina kufanira uye kuvaka chivimbo. Kana uri mutori wenhau anoongorora zvakaipa, munzveri webhizimisi anotsvaka makwikwi, kana kuti mugari wemo anofunga nezvehurumende yomunzvimbomo, iyi mitemo inokusimbisa kutsvaka mhinduro. Sangano rinochinja (5] nezvinyorwa zvemichina, kuita chisarudzo chemotokari, uye mikana mitsva nedenho dzinomuka. Asi nheyo yehwaro inoramba iripo: mashoko ehurumende avanhu. Gara uchiziviswa, nyorera zvinhu zvako nehurumende inozvidavirira. Inzwi rako mukuumba simba rinova rakajeka apo simba rinoongororwa, kutora rutivi rukuteverwa, uye kuvimbwa kunobva kwawawawawawawanwa.