Table of Contents

Kuchinja Kwechigumi Nechipfumbamwe: Makore Gumi Orukundo Mukuitwa

Demendi Yokupedzisira yechi19 kuUnited States Constitution, yakatenderwa muna 1920, inomira sechinoitika chinokosha mukurwira kodzero dzavakadzi. Iyi gadziridzo yebumbiro remitemo yakapa vakadzi maruramiro okuvhota, achishandura zvikurukuru hurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji yeAmerica uye achiratidzira mugumo werwisano yakatora makore anopfuura makumi manomwe. Papakati peiri sangano gurusa pakanga pane vakadzi vaviri vane ukama hunoshamisa, chiono, uye tsauriro isingachinjiki yakaumba nzira yenhau yeAmerica: Susan B.Anthony naElizabeth Cady Stanton, vatungamiriri vekodzero dzevakadzi muU.S. mukati mapakati pezana ramakore rechi19.

Nyaya yokushinga kwavakadzi muAmerica ndeimwe youshingi, tsungiriro, uye kungwara. Nepo vanhu vazhinji vakabetsera kuichi chisakiso, batira pamwe pakati paAnthony naStanton yakabvumikisa kuva ine simba rakatanhamara neinogara. Kubatira pamwe kwavo, kwakavamba muna 1851 uye kwakapedza hafu yezana ramakore, kwakaparira hwaro hwedzidzo, sangano, uye simba rezvamatongerwe enyika izvo pakupedzisira zvaizochengeta maruramiro okuvhotera vakadzi veAmerica. Kunzwisisa mipiro yavo netanho yeboka rimwe kunopa nzwisiso inokosha mune rimwe ramasangano anokosha zvikurusa munhau yeAmerica.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Upenyu Hwapakuvamba uye Kudzidza

Kurerwa Nezvidzidzo Zvakakura

Baba vake Daniel Cady vakanga vari gweta iro gare gare rakava mutongi muNew York Supreme Court. Ichi chimiro chakaropafadzwa chakagonesa kukwanisa kuwana dzidzo nenyanduro zvoungwaru zvisingawanzoitwi navakadzi vezera rake, bva rakamuratidzirawo kukusaenzana kukuru kwemitemo uko vakadzi vakatarisana nakwo mumutemo weAmerica.

Muna 1826, rufu rwomukoma wake Eleazar rwakamuita mukuru munharaunda iri yose munhamburiko yokutsiva baba vake nokuda kwokurasikirwa kwake. Iyi ngwavaira yomunhu oga yakava chinoitika chinopesvedzera, sezvo Erisabete muduku akatsvaka kuzvibvumikisa amene kuva akaenzana nomwanakomana upi noupi mumeso ababa vake. Pasinei zvapo nezviitwa zvake, iye akatarisana nechokwadi chakakomba chokuti nzanga yakaisa miganhu yakaganhurirwa zvikuru pamikana yavakadzi, pasinei zvapo nezviito zvavo kana kuti zvavanoita.

Dzidzo Nokumuka Mumutemo

Vakapinda Troy Femaidy inofambira mberi, uko vakagamuchira dzidzo yakanakisisa yaiwanika nokuda kwomukadzi muduku womukutanga kwema1830. Stanton akapedza kufunda paTroy Femaidy muna 1832. iyi sangano, rakavambwa naEmma Willard, rakanga riri pakati pezvikoro zvapamusoro zvikurusa zvavakadzi muAmerica, richigovera Stanton hwaro hwoungwaru hwakasimba hwaizomubetsera muupenyu hwake hwose.

Dzidzo yake yakatambanudzwa kupfuura dzidzo yapamutemo. Paaifunda muhofisi yababa vake, akawana zivo yakananga yegadziriro yapamutemo yomutemo yaidzora upenyu hwavakadzi. Akadzidza pamusoro pedzidziso yapamutemo yaishandura vakadzi vakaroorwa kuti "vafa chose chose" mukuona kwomutemo./uye akapupurira vakadzi vakauya kuhofisi yababa vake vachitsvaka betsero pazvinetso zvepamutemo izvo zvakatangira zvakananga mukushaiwa kwavo kodzero. Izvi zvakaitika zvakaumba mbeu yezvipikirwa zvavo zveupenyu hwose kuuenzani hwevakadzi.

Kuroora uye Kuchinja Zvinhu

Kupfurikidza nomukoma wake Gerrit Smith akabatanidzwa mumasangano echinya kana kuti anorwisana navaranda; muna 1840 akaroora Henry B. Stanton. Roorano yake naHenry Stanton, mukurukuri nomurongi akatanhamara wezvokubvisa zvinhu, akamupinza mudariro rezvemasangano akanga achidzosazve nzanga yeAmerica munguva yechinetso chenguva yezororo kuLondon nokuda kweWorld Anti - Sristory Convention muna 1840 akabvumikisa kuva anokosha kukubudirira kwaStanton sekodzero dzavakadzi.

Pakokorodzano yeLondon, nhume dzechikadzi, kubatanidza Stanton nagurukota reQuaker Lucretia Mott, vakanyimwa maruramiro okutora rutivi muzvinoitika nemhaka bedzi yevatano yavo. Ichi chinoitika chinonyadzisa, pasinei zvapo nezvibvumikiso zvavo savadzivisi vakazvipira, kwakaoneswa kunzwisisa kwaStanton kuti kuzviisa pasi kwavakadzi kwakanga kuri kusaruramisira kukuru kwaida kurambwa kwakarongwa. Iye naMott vakakurukura kudikanwa kwekokorodzano yakatsaurirwa kukodzero dzavakadzi, kurukurirano yaizobereka michero makore masere gare gare gare.

Upenyu Hwepamba Nokusagutsikana Kunowedzera

Apo Stantons vakabva Boston vachienda kumusha weSeneca Falls, New York muna 1847, Elizabeth akatambura nokushaiwa nzanga yenyanzvi. Stanton aigara nomurume wake navana vanomwe muiri taundi duku, umo zvinodikanwa zvoupenyu hwemhuri nokuva amai zvaisiya akaparadzaniswa nouchenjeri hwake. Kubva muna uku kuora mwoyo akabuda chisarudzo chokushandura nzvimbo yavakadzi munzanga.

Musiano pakati poupenyu hwake hwapakuvamba muBoston, umo iye akanga ane mukana wokuva nenyanzvi nenzanga dzinovandudza, uye kuvapo kwake kutsva mumaruwa Seneca Falls wakasimbisa ganhuriro idzo mitoro yomumba yakaiswa paupenyu hwavakadzi. Uku kuvhiringidzika kwomunhu oga kwakava simba rinosunda rinotsigira kuita kwake chiito, sezvo iye akaziva kuti rwisano dzake amene dzakaratidzira mugariro wakafara zvikuru wavakadzi veAmerica.

Susan B.O. Anthony: Upenyu Hwapakuvamba Nenzira Yokuita Nayo Chiito

Midzi Yemakemikari Netsika Dzinofambira Mberi

Susan B. Anthony akaberekwa pana February 15, 1820, pedyo naAdams, Massachusetts kuna Daniel Anthony naLucy Anthony. Daniel, muQuaker anoremekedzwa, muridzi wezvigadziko uye muridzi wefekitari, uye muchinjidziri, akava nechokwadi chokuti vanasikana vake pamwe chete navanakomana vake vakagamuchira dzidzo yakaisvonaka. Uku kusvika kwakaenzana kudzidzo kwakanga kuri chiratidzo chemipimo yaVaquaker, iyo yakasimbisa chiyero chomudzimu pakati pavarume navakadzi.

Kusiyana nevakadzi vakawanda vokuAmerica vomunguva yake, vaikarirwa kuramba vakanyarara munzanga dzavo, vakadzi vechiQuaker vaigona kutaura pamisangano yechitendero uye kutora rutivi nokushingaira munzanga dzavo.Kurerwa uku kwakaita kuti Anthony ave nechivimbo uye pfungwa yokuenzana yaizoratidza kuti zvinokosha kuti azviite.

Basa Rokudzidzisa uye Kuchinja Zvinhu Kare

Apedza dzidzo, akashanda somudzidzisi muna 1848, pashure pamakore gumi okudzidzisa, Anthony akatanga basa rake rokuchinja somutsigiri wetsitsi. Chinoitika chake somudzidzisi chakamuratidzira kukusaenzana kwezvemari kwavakadzi vakatarisana ne($_____________________________________ apa, vadzidzisi vechikadzi vakawana mari yakawanda kupfuura yaidiwa nevakadzi, kunyange pavaiita basa rimwe chetero. Chinoitika ichi chokuzvitorera rusarura chakaita kuti azvipikire kukodzero dzevakadzi.

Iye akakumbanira vaDaughts of Deferance muna 1848, akasiya kudzidzisa muna 1849, uye nokukurumidza akava mutungamiriri anozivikanwa wezvidzoreso munyika yeNew York. Nokuzvidzora, akakurudzira vakadzi kutsvaka zvigadzikiso zvapamutemo zvokudzivirira mhuri dzavo paurombo namasimba masimba zvakaparirwa nokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwezvinwiwa zvinodhaka kwavarume vavo. Boka rokushatiswa rakagovera Anthonyio ruzivo rwake rwokutanga mukutaura pachena, kuronga, uye zvitsama izvo zvaizobvumikisa kuva zvinokosha mubasa rake rapashure.

Kurwisa Kuitwa Kwouranda

Vakaberekerwa mumhuri yechiQuaker yakazvipira kukuenzana munzanga, vakaunganidza zvikumbiro zvinorwisana navaranda pazera ramakore 17. Pashure pokunge mhuri yaAnthony yatamira kuRochester, New York muna 1845, vaishingaira muboka rinorwisana nouranda.Antixry Quaker vaisangana papurazi ravo inenge Svondo iri yose, uko pane dzimwe nguva vaikumbanirwa naFred Douglas naWilliam Lloyd Garrison.

Muna 1856, akava mumiriri weAmerican Anti - Moderry Society yeNew York. Iyi nzvimbo yaida kuti afambe munyika yose, kuronga misangano, kupinza nhengo, uye kukwidza mari nokuda kwechisakiso chokubvisa. Basa racho raiwanzova rine ngozi `vakurukuri vevaranda vaitarisana nemhomho dzine utsinye uye pane dzimwe nguva masimba omuviri aifadza Anthony uye akasimbisa kuzvipira kwake kururamisiro yenzanga.

Seneca Falls Convention: Kutanga Boka Rekodzero Dzevakadzi

Kuronga Kuungana Kwenhau

Iye akanga ari simba guru seri kwe 1848 Falls Convention, kokorodzano yokutanga yakadanwa nokuda kwedonzo rimwe bedzi rokukurukura maruramiro avakadzi, uye akanga ari munyori mukuru weDeclaration of Sentiments. NeMott navamwe vakadzi vatatu, Elizabeth akatungamirira kokorodzano yokutanga yavakadzi muSeneca Falls muna July 1848.

Yakaitwa muWesleyan Chapel yetaundi reSeneca Falls, New York, yakaita mazuva maviri kupfuura July 1918, 1848. Mumazuva maviri ekokorodzano, vanhu vanofungidzirwa kuva 300 vakatora rutivi, nhamba isina kunyanyowanda yevakapinda yakapa nzanga huru yavadzori vehurumende navachinji vairarama munharaunda yeSeneca Falls. Kokorodzano yacho yakakwezva vose vakadzi nevarume vakanga vakazvipira kuvandudza magariro evanhu, kunyange zvazvo marusando ezuva rokutanga akanga akachengeterwa vakadzi bedzi.

Ziviso Yezvirango

Munyori mukuru weChiratidzo chacho aiva Elizabeth Cady Stanton, uyo akachitevedzera paUnited States Declaration of Independence. Paiyi kokorodzano, akapa Chiziviso chavo chekodzero neSentiments, gwaro raakanyora. Kupfurikidza nokudzokorora noune mutauro nechimiro zveDeclaration of Independence, Stanton akaita chibvumikiso chine simba: kungofanana navagari vomuAmerica vakanga vazivisa kuzvimirira kwavo muudzvinyiriri hweBritain, vakadzi veAmerica vakanga vachizivisa kuzvimirira kwavo muudzvinyiriri hwechirume.

Gwaro racho raitsanangura nzira dzakawanda idzo vakadzi vainyimwa kodzero dzinokosha uye dzaisarurwa zviri pamutemo. Raitaura kodzero dzezvinhu, mikana yedzidzo, kusarura mabasa, uye mipimo miviri yetsika nemagariro evanhu.

Kuda kwake kodzero yavakadzi yokuvhota kwakaparira gakava pakokorodzano asi nokukurumidza rakava chinhu chikuru chesangano ravakadzi. Vapindi vazhinji, kubatanidza Lucretia Mott, pakuvamba vakashora kubatanidza kushora pakati pezvinodikanwa, vachitya kuti raizoita kuti sangano rose riratidzike serakanyanyisa zvikuru uye risaregeredze tsigiro nokuda kwezvimwe zvinjo. Zvisinei, Stanton akaomerera, uye netsigiro yaFrederick Douglas, uyo akapinda kokorodzano uye akataura zvinonzwika zvakanaka nokuda kwechipfuvaradzo chavakadzi, chisarudzo chakapfuure.

Kuchinja Kwakaita Mapopoma eSeneca

Chiziviso chekokorodzano cheMitemo yakaitwa "chinhu chimwe chinokosha zvikurusa mukuparadzira mashoko esangano rekodzero dzavakadzi munyika yose muna 1848 uye munguva yemberi". Chichinyandura ngwariro yakapararira, chakateverwa nokukurumidza nedzimwe kokorodzano dzavakadzi, kubatanidza Rochester Women’s Rights Convention muRochester, New York, mavhiki maviri gare gare.

Seneca Falls Convention yakatanga kushora vakadzi senharidzano yezvamatongerwe enyika yapamutemo ndokutanga gadziriro yechiito chakarongwa. Chiziviso cheMitemo igwaro rakasainwa muna 1848 navakadzi 68 uye varume 32 (100 kubva muvane 300 vakapinda pakokorodzano yekodzero dzavakadzi yokutanga kurongwa navakadzi. Izvi zvisaini zvakamirira kuzvipira kwapachena kukodzero dzavakadzi panguva apo kurangana kwakadaro kwairangarirwa kuva kunopesana uye kusingagamuchiriki munzanga.

Anthony-Sttanton Prisonship: Coltudiation

Musangano Unokosha

Muna 1851, akasangana naSusan B. Anthony ndokutanga ushamwari hurefu hwakakosha kukukura kwesangano rekodzero dzavakadzi. Pakona remugwagwa muSeneca Falls muna 1851, Amelia Bloomer akasuma Susan B. Anthony kuna Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Iyi sumo, yakapfaviswa naBloomer, mutsigiri wemvumo nemutsigiri wekuchinja, yaizobvumikisa kuva imwe yemisangano yapamhesano zvikurusa munhau yeAmerica.

Susan B. Anthony naElizabeth Cady Stanton vakasangana muna 1851. Vakaramba vari shamwari uye vakabatana muboka rekodzero dzevakadzi kwemakore makumi mashanu akatevera. Muna 1851, Susan B.Anthony naElizabeth Cady Stanton vakatanga kushandira pamwe kwakatanga kuva mumwe wemibatanidzwa inoshanda zvakanaka zvikuru munhoroondo yeUnited States.

Simba Neunyanzvi

Anthony aikwanisa kuronga zvinhu zvoungwaru nokunyora, asi Stanton aiva nounyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu uye hwokunyora.

Stanton akanga ari inzwi guru uye muzivi wekodzero dzavakadzi uye masangano echisimba apo Anthony akanga ari imba yaitungamirira mapoka echikwata chavakadzi vairwisa kuhwina chikwata chavakadzi vokuAmerica. Kungwara kwaStanton somunyori uye mufungisi kwakagovera hwaro hwouchenjeri hwesangano racho, nepo nyanzvi dzesangano uye simba risinganeti zvakashandura pfungwa kuva chiito.

Stanton gare gare akati, Takaita basa riri nani pamwe chete kupfuura zvataigona kuita tiri toga; iye achinonoka uye achinyora, ini ndiri munyori anomhanya uye anogadzirwa, iye ndiye munyori akanaka, ndiye anotsoropodza zvikuru. Uku kuziva mano omumwe nomumwe kwakaumba ushamwari hwakavakirwa pakuremekedzana nokukwanisa panzvimbo pokukwikwidzana.

Nzira Dzokushanda Nesimba Romunhu Oga

Nemhaka yokuti Stanton akanga akavharirwa pamba navana vanomwe apo Anthony akanga asina kuroora uye akasununguka kufamba, Anthony akabetsera Stanton kupfurikidza nokutarisira vana vake apo Stanton akanyora. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, ikoku kwakabvumira Stanton kunyora hurukuro nokuda kwaAnthony. iyi gadziriro yakagonesa Stanton kupfuuridzira basa rake roungwaru pasinei zvapo nezvinodikanwa zvoumai, nepo Anthony akawana kusvika kuhurukuro dzine simba nezvibvumikiso izvo aigona kupa kuvateereri munyika yose.

Stanton, akaganhurirwa kumusha kwake kupfurikidza nokuva amai (akabereka mwana wake wechinomwe nowokupedzisira muna 1859), akanyandurwa namanyumwiro aAnthony anofunga epfungwa dzake. Anthony akava simba rinonyandura kutsigira kuita kwavo kwose. Haana kubvumira Stanton kuva asina basa, nguva dzose achimusunda kunyorazve rimwe divi, rimwe rinoratidzirwazve.

Anthony akaregeredza Stanton munzira dzakawanda mumakore avo ose ebasa pamwe chete, asingagamuchiri nzvimbo musangano ripi neripi ringamuisa pamusoro peStanton. Uku kuzviisa pasi kwakaratidzira ruremekedzo rukuru rwaAnthony nokuda kwoutungamiriri hwoungwaru hwaStanton uye nzwisiso yake yokuti kubatana kwavo kwakashanda zvakanakisisa apo mukadzi mumwe nomumwe aiita basa rake romusikirwo mukati mesangano.

Nhimbe Huru Nezviitwa Zvesangano

Kuedza Kwepakutanga Kune Zvakawanda

Pamwe chete ivo vakatanga New York Women’s State Deletance Society pashure pokunge Anthony adziviswa kutaura pamusangano wokusadzora nemhaka yokuti akanga ari munhukadzi. Ichi chinoitika, umo Anthony akanyaradzwa nemhaka bedzi yevatano yake, chakaratidzira kudikanwa kwokuti vakadzi vatange masangano avo vamene uko vaigona kushandisa utungamiriri uye kutaura norusununguko.

Vashatiriswa nemhinganidzo dzakamuka mukati mebasa ravo rokutanga() utungamiriri hwavo hweWoman’s State Deletance Society muna 1854(_Antony naStanton vakavamba nhimbe yavakadzi vavo yekodzero dzokufutunura Stock Basistem yeNew York’s Prese Law ya1848. Sezvingazova tsika, Anthony, uyo akanga asina kuroora uye asina zvinodikanwa zvemhuri, akarongwa uye akaita nhimbe. Iye akaenda munyika yose, achitaura mu 54 New York readries. Stanton akaita nzvero dzapamutemo, akaparadzira mabhuku Anthony, uye akanyora hurukuro nokuda kwavo vose vari vaviri.

Kupindira Muhondo Yavagari Vemo

Mukati meHondo Yavagari vemo yeAmerica, ivo vakatanga Vane National League yeWomen’s Faith for the Declation, uye vakaitungamirira musundo hurusa yechikumbiro munhau yeU.S. kusvikira panguva iyoyo. Mukati meHondo yeChizvarwa Chapasi Posesaiti yeVakadzi vakavamba National League, iyo yakatungamirira sundo hurusa munhau yeUnited States kusvikira kunguva iyoyo, ichiunganidza sigini dzinoda kusvika ku40 000 mukutsigira kubviswa kwouranda.

Iyi nhimbe huru yekukumbira yakaratidzira simba rezvamatongerwe enyika ravakadzi kunyange vasati vavhota. Kupfurikidza nokuunganidza mazana ezviuru zvezvisaini zvinoraira nokuda kwePendement ye 13th Amendment kupedza uranda, Anthony naStanton vakaratidza kuti vakadzi vaigona kupesvedzera mirau yorudzi kupfurikidza nechiito chakarongwa. Rubudiriro rweiyi nhimbe rwakagoverawo ruzivo rwokuzviwanira runokosha mukuronga kwapamberi pezvichabetsera sangano resuffile.

Pepanhau Rokuchinja Zvinhu

Vakavamba kubudisa pepanhau ramaruramiro avakadzi muna 1868 rinonzi The Revolution. Ichi chinyorwa chevhiki nevhiki, nechirevo charo chakashinga chokuti “Varume, kodzero dzavo uye pasina chimwe chinhu; vakadzi, kodzero dzavo uye chinhu chiri chose," chakagovera nzvimbo yenharo dzavakadzi dzinofambira mberi nerondedzero dzemibato yesangano. Pepanhau racho rakataura nhau dzakawanda kubatanidza maruramiro ebasa, mubhadharo wakaenzana, kugadziridza mutemo weroorano, uye dzidzo yavakadzi, mukuwedzera kupfuudzira.

Stanton akabatira somupepeti wenhau, achinyora mapepeti ane simba ayo akadenha kufunga kwamagamuchidzanwa pamusoro pemibato yavakadzi namano. Anthony akakwanisa rutivi rwebhizimisi, achivaka kuzvinyoresa nokuparadzira. Kunyange zvazvo pepanhau rakaparapatika mune zvemari ndokurega kubudiswa muna 1870, rakaita basa rinokosha mukuparadzira maruramiro avakadzi uye kuparira pfungwa yenzanga pakati pavatsigiri munyika yose.

Kuwana Sungano Yerudzi Yavakadzi Vane Simba

Gore rimwe gare gare, ivo vakatanga National Woman Suffnge Association serutivi rwekakamu keboka ravakadzi. Muna 1869, sangano ravakadzi rinokamuranisa pamusoro pourongwa nezvinokosha. Pashure pomusangano, Stanton, Anthony nevamwe vakaumba National Woman Suffnge Association ndokunangidzira ngwariro bedzi parukudzo rwehurumende.

Kukamukana kwakaitika zvikurukuru kupfuura Firefement yechi15, iyo yakabvumira maruramiro okuvhota kuvarume veAmerica veAfrica asi kwete kuvakadzi. Nepo mamwe mapepa okunyoresa, achitungamirirwa naLucy Stone naHenry Blackwell, akatsigira kugadziriswa kwacho pasinei zvapo nokubviswa kwawo vakadzi ndokuumba American Woman Suffge Association kuronda nhimbe dzehurumende nehurumende, Anthony naStanton vakashora kugadziriswa kwokubvisa vakadzi ndokuparira rwamanyuko rwamakurukota kuti rutevere kugadziriswa kwemitemo yehurumende nokuda kwavakadzi.

COM.SA yakaita mutoo mukuru zvikuru kukodzero dzavakadzi, ichikurukura kwete bedzi kushatiswa kwekodzero dzeroorano asiwo kuchinja mutemo weroorano, maruramiro ebasa, uye dzimwe nhau dzinotapura mugariro wavakadzi. Sangano rakaramba riri muutungamiriri hwaStanton naAnthony kwamakumi maviri amakore, ichigovera motokari nokuda kwechiono chavo chokuenzana kwavakadzi kwavose.

Susan B. Kusungwa nokutongwa kwaAnthony: Kutongwa

Chiito Choushingi Chokurumbidza

Munhamburiko yokudenha kuvhota, Anthony nehanzvadzi dzake nhatu vakavhota musarudzo yaPurezidhendi weSangano ra 1872. Pana November 5, 1872, Anthony akapinda mushopu yokuchekerera musoro muRochester, New York, iyo yakanga ichibatira senzvimbo yokuvhota ndokuraira kunyoreswa kuvhota. Pashure pokuramba pakuvamba, vashori vesarudzo vakaregeredza ndokubvumira Anthony navamwe vakadzi gumi navashanu kunyoresa. PaMusi weEcomment Day, Anthony akakanda blotte yake nokuda kwaUlysses S. Grant.

Chiito chaAnthony chakanga chiri muedzo wamaune wokuti kana Dare reMitemo rechigumi namana, iro rakapa kodzero yokuva mugari wemo kuvanhu vose vakaberekwa kana kuti vakasikwa muUnited States, raibatanidza chose chose maruramiro okuvhota. Iye akataura kuti somugari wemo, aiva namaruramiro ose okuva mugari wemo, kubatanidza rondedzero yapamutemo, inozivikanwa se "New Restature," yakaratidzira kuedza kuwana maruramiro okuvhota kupfurikidza nedudziro yebumbiro remitemo panzvimbo pekupfurikidza nokushandurazve.

Kusungwa Nokufambira Mberi

Akasungwa paRochester wake, kumusha kweNew York ndokutongwa muOntario County Courthouse, Canangua, New York. Vhiki mbiri pashure pokuvhota, murwi weU.S. akasvika pamusha waAnthony kuti amusunge nemhaka yemhosva yokuvhota zvisiri pamutemo. Akapomerwa mhosva nedare guru rinobetsera vatongi uye akasungirwa pabhedhai, iro raakaramba kuripa pamutemo, kunyange zvazvo gweta rake pakupedzisira rakariisa mukurwisana nezvishuvo zvake.

Mutongi akaraidza vatongi kuti vamuwane ane mhaka pasina kurangarira kupi nokupi, uye akaisa mutengo we $100. Kutonga kwacho, kwakaitwa muna June 1873, kwakanga kuri kupesana kweruramisiro. Mutongi Ward Hunt, mutongi weDare Guru, akanga achangobva kugadzwa, akanga anyora chisarudzo chake pamberi pokutongwa. Iye akaramba kubvumira Anthony kupupurira nokuda kwake amene ndokuraira vatongi kudzorera chisarudzo chine mhaka pasina kurangarira.

Kuzvidza Netapuro

Anthony paakaramba kubhadhara mari yaibhadhara $100 uye yokubhadharwa nedare, mutongi haana kumutongera kuti aende mujeri, izvo zvakagumisa mukana wake wokukwirira.

Asati atonga, Mutongi Hunt akabvunza Anthony kana akanga ane chimwe chinhu chokutaura, akataura neshungu achishora zvaiitika uye achitaura kuti haasati aizotongobhadhara dora refabhenzi isina kururama.

Kunyange zvazvo urongwa hwapamutemo hwakakundikana, kusungwa nokutongwa kwaAnthony kwakaparira kuziviswa kukuru nokuda kwechisakiso chenhau. Iye akanga apa hurukuro dzakawanda pamusoro pomutongo pamberi pokutonga, uye chinoitika icho chimene chakakweva ngwariro yorudzi. Chinoitika chacho chakaratidzira zvose zviri zviviri kusaruramisira kwokuramba kuvhota uye ushingi hwamabhiri anoda kuputsa mitemo isina kururama kuti ifambisire mberi donzo ravo.

Mipiro Yekare uye Mashoko Akanyorwa Kare

Nhau Yomukadzi Inodenha

Kubvira muna 1881 kusvika muna 1885, Anthony akakumbanira Elizabeth Cady Stanton naMatilda Joslyn Gage mukunyora History of Woman Saffge. Iri basa guru, pakupedzisira raibatanidza mavhoriyamu matanhatu nezviuru zvamapeji, rainyora masangano ekodzero evakadzi kubva pamavambo awo kusvikira kumavambo ezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Mavhoriyamu matatu okutanga, akabudiswa muma1880, akafukidza nhambo yacho kubva muna 1848 kusvika muna 1885 uye akanga ari zvikurukuru basa raStanton, Anthony, uye Gage.

Nhau yeMazita eWoman Suffinger yakabatira zvinangwa zvakawanda. Yakachengeta chinyorwa chenhau chesangano racho, kubatanidza hurukuro, tsamba, nyaya dzemapepanhau, uye zvinoitika zvekokorodzano izvo zvingadai zvakarasika. Yakaumbawo kuti sangano raizoyeukwa sei, Stanton naAnthony vachizviisa vamene nesangano ravo pakati penhau yacho. Nepo uku kunzvera kwakatsoropodzwa navamwe vezvenhau nokuda kwokuderedza vamwe vatsigiri namasangano, basa rinoramba riri manyuko makuru okunzwisisa sangano.

Basa racho raida makore akawanda, sezvo Anthony nevaaishanda navo vaiunganidza magwaro, vaibvunzurudza, uye vainyora nhoroondo dzezvirongwa zvesangano racho. Anthony pachake akatsigira nemari mari yakawanda pakubudisa bhuku racho, achiratidza kuti akanga azvipira kuva nechokwadi chokuti nhoroondo yesangano racho yaizochengetedzwa nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvaizotevera.

Kutaura, Kutaura, uye Hurukuro Yavose

Mumabasa avo ose, Stanton naAnthony vakanga vari vanyori navakurukuri vanobudirira. Stanton akanyora hurukuro, rondedzero, uye nyaya dzemapepanhau nezvinyorwa. Kunyora kwake kwaitaura kwete bedzi kushatiswa asiwo kuchinja roorano, mutemo wechatanuro, dzidzo yavakadzi, kodzero dzebasa, uye kutsoropodza rudzidziso. Kudisa kwake kupedza nhau dzenharo pane dzimwe nguva kwakaparira kusawirirana mukati mesangano asi kwakaisawo miganhu yehurukuro inogamuchirika pamusoro pekodzero dzavakadzi.

Anthony, kunyange zvazvo akanga asingafariri kunyora kupfuura Stanton, akava mumwe wavakurukuri vavose vanobudirira zvikurusa venguva yake. Akataura zviuru zvehurukuro pabasa rake refu, achifamba nguva dzose kuti aparadzire shoko raishatirwa. muitiro wake wokutaura wakanga wakananga uye uri wechokwadi panzvimbo pokuva wezvokwadi, uye akanga ane mano anoshamisa okusonganira navateereri vakasiana - siana uye anopindura nenzira inobudirira mibvunzo ine utsinye uye kurira.

Pamwe chete, mabhuku avo akaparira hwaro huzhinji hwekodzero dzavakadzi.Vakabudisa nharo dzakavakirwa pakodzero dzomusikirwo, nheyo dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, ruramisiro yezvemari, uye kushandiswa kwenzanga. Manyoro avo akapesvedzera kwete bedzi vanhu vomunguva yavo asiwo zvizvarwa zvakatevera zvavakadzi navachinji.

Kutungamirira Sangano Nokuvaka Sangano

Mubatanidzwa neNational Women Suffile Association

Muna 1890, National Woman Suffnge Association yakabatanidzwa neAmerican Woman Suffge Association, iyo yaiitirana nharo nokuda kwokuparadzaniswa kwehurumende nehurumende (pakati pemimwe misiyano). Pashure pamakumi maviri amakore eboka, masangano makuru maviri akabatana kuumba National American Woman Suffnge Association (NAWSA). Uku kwakaratidzira kuzivikanwa kuti sangano racho raizova rinobudirira zvikuru kana rikabatanidzwa.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the first president of the new group, the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), but Anthony was effectively its leader. Anthony became NAWSA president in 1892. Under Anthony's leadership, NAWSA became the primary vehicle for suffrage activism in the United States, coordinating campaigns across the country and maintaining pressure on both state legislatures and Congress.

Kuedza Chizvarwa Chinotevera

Carrie Chapman Catt akatsiva Anthony sapurezidhendi wesangano apo akarega basa muna 1900. Anthony akaziva ukoshi hwokukudziridza utungamiriri hutsva kuti hupfuuridzire basa pashure pokunge chizvarwa chokuvamba chapfuura. Iye akadzidzisa vashingairi vaduku kubatanidza Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, uye Harriot Stanton Blatch (Elizath Cady Stanton), achivimbisa kupfuurira kwoutungamiriri nemazano.

Uku kuisa mari muchizvarwa chakatevera kwakabvumikisa kuva kunokosha kubudiriro yokupedzisira yesangano. Catt, uyo akabatira sapurezidhendi weNAWSA mukati mechikumbiro chokupedzisira nokuda kweGavhura reChine gumi namapfumbamwe, akashandisa gadziriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzakaoma nemitoo yesangano izvo zvakavakwa panheyo yakaiswa naAnthony naStanton. Mano esangano okuchinja nokuchinja apo aichengeta basa raro guru aipira zvikuru kukubudirira kwoutungamiriri uko Anthony akaisa mumugariro wapashure.

Kubatanidza Kwamarudzi Ose

Susan B. Anthony akashandawo nokuda kwezvimwe zvikonzero, kubatanidza kuita basa guru mukusikwa kweDare raMarudzi Ose raVakadzi uye kubetsera kuronga World’s Congress of Muxpoint Women paSair yeNyika yose muChicago. Anthony akanzwisisa kuti maruramiro avakadzi akanga ari rwisano yenyika yose uye akashanda kuvaka batano pakati peAmerican suffragistisms navanotsigira dzimwe nyika.

International Council of Women, yakatanga muna 1888, yakaunganidza masangano avakadzi anobva munyika yose kuti agoverane unyanzvi nokutsigira nhamburiko dzomumwe nomumwe. Anthony akaenda kuEurope kanoverengeka kundopinda misangano yamarudzi ose ndokuvaka ukama navashingairi vokumwe. Uku kubatana kwamarudzi ose kwakabetsera mapepa eAmerica kudzidza kubva mukubudirira nokundikano mudzimwe nyika uye kwakagovera kusangano renyika yose riri kukura nokuda kwamaruramiro avakadzi.

Matambudziko, Kunetsana, uye Kuganhurirwa

Gakava Rechigumi Nezvishanu Re Amendedzero

Chimwe chezviitiko zvenharo hurusa muAnthony naStanton chakabatanidza chishoro chavo kuFiristimu yechi15, iyo yairambidza kuramba vhoti yakavakirwa padzinza asi isina kubatanidza vatano seboka rakadzivirirwa. Vakadzi vacho vose vari vaviri vakataura kuti kwakanga kusina kururama kupinza varume veAfrica veAmerica nepo vaipfuurira kuramba vhoti yacho kuvakadzi vose, kubatanidza vakadzi veAfrica veAmerica.

Mukuita chinoitika chazvo, Stanton zvikurukuru pane dzimwe nguva akashandisa kutaura kwourudzi nekwechiHindu, achisimbisa kuti vakadzi vakadzidza vechichena vakafanirwa nevhoti kupfuura vaichimbova varanda vasingagoni kurava nokunyora. Uku kupokanidzana kwakakuvadza ukama navaichimbova vatsigiri vokudzivisa, kubatanidza Frederick Douglas, uye kwakaparira kusawirirana kusingaperi pakati pesangano ravakadzi nesangano rekodzero dzevagari vemo dzeAfrica. Nepo kutaura kwaAnthony kwaiwanzova kusinganyanyi kurwadza kupfuura kwaStanton, akatsigira chimiro chimwe chetecho uye mutoro wekuvadziko yakwakaparira.

Iyi gakava inosimbisa ganhuriro dzechiono chaAnthony naStanton chokuenzana. Nepo vakarwira kusaneta maruramiro avakadzi, havana nguva dzose kuziva kana kuti kuisa panzvimbo yapakati denho dzakananga navakadzi veruvara, vakadzi vanoshanda, kana kuti vakadzi vakatama. Musangano wavo zvikurukuru wakatungamirirwa uye wakanangidzirwa paitiro hanya dzavakadzi vachena, vezera rapakati, ganhuriro yaizopfuurira musangano ramakumi amakore.

Gakava Rorudzidziso neBhaibheri Romukadzi

Muma1890, Stanton akatanga chirongwa chenharo chakaparira kusawirirana kukuru mukati mesangano. Akabudisa The Woman’s Bible [, chiziviso chavakadzi chendima dzeBhaibheri dzinorondedzerwa kuvakadzi. Stanton akataura kuti dzidziso dzorudzidziso dzakanga dziri manyuko makuru edzvinyiriro yavakadzi uye kuti Bhaibheri rakanga radudzirwa munzira idzo dzairuramisa kuderera kwavakadzi.

Mapepa mazhinji okunyoresa, kubatanidza mamwe avatsigiri venguva refu vaStanton, vakatya kuti uku kudenha rudzidziso kwaizobvisa vatsigiri vanobvira ndokukuvadza chisakiso chesuffage. NAWSA yazviparadzanisa imene pamutemo ne Bhaibheri raWoman's Bible[, richipfuudza chisarudzo chinotaura kuti sangano rakanga risina batano nebasa. Uku kutuka kwapachena kwaStanton nesangano rakanga rabetsera kuwana kuti kuratidzira kukura kwechitengo chesuffile nechishuvo kuita kuti shavo zviratidzike sezvisingabvumiki sezvinobvira kunzanga.

Anthony, kunyange zvazvo akasabvumirana nechisarudzo chacho ndokudzivirira maruramiro aStanton okutaura mirangariro yake, haana kugoverana mbavarira yaStanton nokuda kwegakava rorudzidziso. Ikoku kwakaratidzira imwe yemhesano shomanene huru pakati pavakadzi vaviri ndokuenzanisira kuti kubatira pamwe kwavo kwaigona sei kuwiriranisa mirangariro yakasiana nezvinokosha.

Mapokani Akarongwa Nemisiyano Yeunyanzvi

Mumabasa avo ose, Anthony naStanton vakatarisana nenharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro pounyanzvi namazano. Sangano rinofanira kuisa ngwariro bedzi panzvimbo yakakwirira yenhau dzekodzero dzavakadzi here? Vanofanira kuronda kugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo kana kuti kungwariro dzehurumende nehurumende here? Vanofanira kuwirirana nemamwe masangano okuvandudza kana kuti kuchengeta kuzvitonga? Kunyanyisa sei?

Idzi kurukurirano dzakaratidzira kusavimba kwechokwadi pamusoro penzira inobudirira zvikurusa inoenda mberi. Anthony aiwanzoda kusvika kwakananga zvikuru, achiisa ngwariro muzviwanikwa zvesangano pamubvunzo unodenha. Stanton akava nomurangariro mukuru, achidavira kuti kuva pasi kwavakadzi kwakanga kwakavakirwa mumasangano akawanda(galgal), ezvemari, enzanga, uye orudzidziso) uye kuti zvose zvaifanira kudenhwa panguva imwe cheteyo.

Kusawirirana pakati peiyi nzira kwakapfuurira munhau yose yesangano racho. Pakupedzisira, nhimbe inobudirira yeGadziro yeChigumi Nechipfumbamwe yaizoshandisa zvinhu zvemazano ose ari maviri: kuchengeta ngwariro yakajeka pavhoti nepo vachikurukurawo nhau dzine chokuita nemamiriro ezvemari nenzanga avakadzi.

Makore Okupedzisira Nokupfuura Kwetori

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Azoraramazve

Mumakore ake apashure, Stanton akapfuurira kunyora nokutaura pamusoro pekodzero dzavakadzi, kunyange zvazvo akava anobatanidzwa zvishoma mubasa rezuva nezuva resangano resuffige. Iye akabudisa autobiography yake, Makore ane simba naMore , muna 1898, achigovera nhauro yomunhu oga youpenyu hwake uye kukura kwekodzero dzavakadzi. Bhuku racho rakapa nzwisiso mukubudirira kwake kwouchenjeri, kubatira pamwe kwake naAnthony, uye mirangariro yake pafambiro mberi nedenho dzesangano.

Stanton akaramba achishingaira mundangariro kutozosvikira pamugumo woupenyu hwake, achipfuurira kunyora rondedzero netsamba pamusoro pamaruramiro avakadzi nezvimwe zvisakiso. Kudisa kwake kukurukura nhau dzinomutsa nharo hakuna kutongoderera, kunyange apo kwakaparira zvinetso nokuda kwesangano retsoropodzo. Akachengeta kupwiswa kwake kuti kuva wakaenzana kwavakadzi kwaida chinjo huru muzvimiro zvenzanga, zvitendero zvorudzidziso, uye zvivako zvesangano, kwete chete chinjo dzapamutemo.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton akafa pana October 26, 1902, pazera ramakore 86. Haana kurarama kuti aone kuvadziko yeGadziriro yeChigumi Nechipfumbamwe, asi akanga aisa hwaro hwoungwaru nehwesangano hwakaita kuti kupfuudza kwaro kwokupedzisira kubvire. rufu rwake rwakachema nezvinyorwa zvinonyorwa munyika yose, uyo akaziva kuti vakanga varasikirwa nomumwe wavatungamiriri vesangano vakachenjera zvikurusa navane zviono.

Susan B. Nhimbe yokupedzisira yaAnthony

Iye akafamba munyika yaitsigira kodzero dzavakadzi neDare rinodzorwa gore rimwe nerimwe kusvikira parufu rwake. Akafa muna 1906, makore ane gumi namana vakadzi vazhinji vasati vapiwa maruramiro okuvhota nokupfuura kweEdformation yechi 19 (Kudzikamisa kwechisere). Kunyange mumakore ake okumasere, Anthonyi akachengeta rudungwe rwakaoma rwokufamba nokutaura kuvimbisana, akatsunga kufambisira mberi donzo racho kusvikira pakunobvira asati afa.

Akaramba achishingaira kusvikira pamugumo woupenyu hwake. Kuoneka kwapachena kwokupedzisira kwaAnthony kwakanga kuri pakuchengeta kwake zuva rokuberekwa rechi 86 muWashington, D.C., muna February 1906, umo mapepa okunyoresa aibva mhiri kwenyika akaungana kuzomukudza. Mukutaura kwake kwokupedzisira, akakurudzira chizvarwa chiduku kupfuurira kurwa, achizivisa kuti "Kurwa hakubviri"" (8) mashoko aizova mheremhere yokukurudzira nokuda kwesangano.

Susan B. Anthony akafa musi waMarch 13, 1906, mumusha wake muRochester, New York. Kufanana naStanton, haana kurarama kuti aone kubudirira kwenharidzano yaakanga atsaurira upenyu hwake. Zvisinei, akafa achiziva kuti sangano racho rakanga rakasimba, rakasanorongwa, uye richitungamirirwa navashingairi vaduku vanokwanisa vaizopfuurira nebasa. Mariro ake akakweva zviuru zvavachemi, uye mitero yaidururirwa munyika yose, achimuziva somumwe wavachinji vanokosha zvikurusa munhau yeAmerica.

Nzira Inoenda Ku Amendement yechigumi Nepfumbamwe

Kuvaka Panheyo

Pashure porufu rwaAnthony, sangano resuffgence rakapfuurira kuvaka panheyo iyo iye naStanton vakanga vavamba. Zvivako zvesangano zvavakanga vatanga, zvibvumikiso zvavakanga vataura, uye mibatanidzwa yavakanga vavaka zvose zvakabvumikisa kuva zvinokosha kusundwa kwokupedzisira nokuda kwokuvhota. Vatungamiriri vakadai saCarrie Chapman Catt naAlice Paul vakashandisa unyanzvi hwakasiana-- siyana hwakadaro. Chikataro chakananga panhimberi dzehurumende nokupesvedzera kwezvamatongerwe enyika, Pauro anoronga kurwisana nokutora chisimba imba yeVhite (8) asi vose vari vaviri vakavakwa pahwaro hwakagadzwa nezvizvarwa zvapakuvamba.

Sangano racho rakava nesimba muma1910 sezvo hurumende dzakawanda dzakapa vakadzi vhoti uye pfungwa dzavose zvishoma nezvishoma. Kutora rutivi kwavakadzi muhondo mukati meHondo yeNyika I kwakasimbisa nharo dzokuti vakadzi vakafanirwa nekodzero yakazara yokuva vagari vemo. Purezidhendi Woodrow Wilson, pakutanga akashora kudzorwa kwavakadzi, pakupedzisira akatsigira kugadziriswa kwemitemo, kuchigovera tsigiro inokosha yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kunatswa uye Kukunda

Nhimbe yeRemendi yechi19 yakapfuudzirwa neCongress muna June 1919 ndokutumirwa kunyika kuti irerutsirwe. Nhimbe yokuronga yaida kurongwa kukuru munyika munyika yose, sezvo mapepa okunyoresa akashanda kupwisa masangano ehurumende kuti atendere kugadziriswa kwemitemo. Hondo yacho yakaburukira kuTennessee, iyo yakava hurumende yechi 36 kuraith musi waAugust 18, 1920, ichigovera voruzhinji vane magumo matatu vaidikanwa kuti vave rutivi rweBumbiro remitemo.

Pana August 26, 1920, IPramende yechigumi nepfumbamwe yakapupurirwa pamutemo sorutivi rwoBumbiro reMitemo. Chitendero chakapfava chaMatemo (8) maruramiro avagari veUnited States okuvhota haasati achizorambwa kana kuti kurambidzwa neUnited States kana kuti neHurumende ipi neipi nemhaka yevatano")_____nomirira mugumo wamakore anopfuura makumi manomwe echiito, chibairo, uye kutsungirira.

Nhaka Nezvinorehwa Nenhau Dzacho

Kuchinja Ubati Ushe Hwokunyika hweAmerica

Description yechi19 yakashandura zvikurukuru hurumende yeAmerica kupfurikidza nokupetazve nheyo inobvira yokusarudzwa nokutangwa kwekodzero dzokuva mugari wemo dzisingafaniri kutsamira pavatano. Nepo kugadziriswa kwacho kusina kukurumidza kupedza zvinetso zvose zvokutora rutivi kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwavakadzi (8) vakadzi vazhinji vemavara akapfuurira kutarisana nemhinganidzo dzokuvhota kupfurikidza nemitero yokuvhota, kuedza kurava nokunyora, uye tyisidziro (i yaimirira nhano inokosha kukuenzana yehurumende youtongi hwehurumende hwechokwadi.)

Rukundo rwokukunda rwakaratidzirawo simba rezviito zvenzanga zvinopfuuridzirwa. Sangano ravakadzi rakaratidza kuti kuronga kwakatsunga, kufunga kwakarongwa, uye kudzora kunopfuurira kwaigona kukurira chishoro chakadzika midzi ndokuwana chinjo huru yebumbiro remitemo. Ichi chidzidzo chaizonyandura masangano akatevera ekodzero dzavagari vemo eAfrica esangano rama1950 nama1960 uye sangano revane simba ravanhu renyika yechipiri rezvehurumende rema1970.

Kukudza Anthony naStanton

Stanton inoyeukwa, pamwe chete naLucretia Mott naSusan B Anthony, muChivezwa Chinoyera cha 1921 chaAdelaide Johnson muUnited States. Chakaiswa kwamakore muruzeve rwechivako checapitol, chakachinjirwa muna 1997 kunzvimbo yakatanhamara zvikuru muU.S. Capitol Rollanda. Ichi chivezwa, chinoratidzira vatungamiriri vatatu vesangano resuffela, chinobatira sechiyeuchidzo chechigarire chemipiro yavo kuhurumende yeAmerica.

Zvirangaridzo zvakawanda, nzvimbo dzenhau, uye mhemberero dzinokudza Anthony neStanton nhaka yavakadzi. Anthony Museum neHouse muRochester, New York, zvinochengeta musha waAnthony ndokutaura nhau youpenyu hwake nebasa. Madhindindi eWomen’s Rights National Historical Park muSeneca Falls anobatanidza nzvimbo yekokorodzano ya1848 uye kududzira nhau yekodzero dzavakadzi. Nzvimbo idzi dzinokwezva zviuru zvavashanyi gore rimwe nerimwe, kuvimbisa kuti zvizvarwa zvitsva zvidzidze pamusoro perwisano nokuda kwevakadzi.

Kugadziridzwa Kwenyanzvi Nokudzorwazve Kwenguva Yazvino Uno

Vanyori venhau vazvino uno vakagovera nzvero dzakajekeswa zvikuru dzemipiro yaAnthony naStanton, vachiziva zvose zviri zviviri zviitwa zvavo neganhuriro dzavo. Nyanzvi dzakasimbisa kuti kuisa ngwariro yavo paitiro hanya dzavakadzi vechichena, veboka rapakati pane dzimwe nguva kwakaderedza zviitiko nezvinoiswa pakutanga zvavakadzi veruvara, vakadzi vanoshanda, uye vakadzi vakatamira kune dzimwe nyika. Kutaura kwourudzi uko Stanton pane dzimwe nguva aishandisa uye Anthony akashivirira kwakashorwa zvakarurama sekukundikana kwetsika kwakakomba kwakakanganisa sangano racho ndokushatsa nheyo dzaro dzinotaurwa dzokuenzana.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, vezvenhau vanobvuma mhinganidzo huru dzakatarisana naAnthony naStanton uye ushingi hunodikanwa kudenha gadziriro dzakadzika midzi dzekusaenzana kwevarume nevakadzi. Vakagadzira mienzaniso yesangano, vakatanga kutaura mashoko anonyengetedza, uye vakaratidzira utungamiriri hwakasimudzira chisakiso chekodzero dzevakadzi munzira dzinokosha. Kubatana kwavo kwakaratidza kuti kubatira pamwe kwakavakirwa pasimba rinowirirana kwaigona kuita zvakawanda kupfuura nhamburiko yomunhu oga.

Vamiririri vamadzimai vanopfuurira kurwisana nenhaka yakaoma yesangano rinopa chitsotsi. Zviwanwa zvesangano mukuchengeta maruramiro okuvhota zvakanga zviri chaizvoizvo uye zvinokosha, asi basa rokuwana kuenzana kwechokwadi rinoramba risina kukwana. Nhau dzekodzero dzokubereka, ruramisiro yemari, kumirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye rusununguko kubva mumasimba masimba dzinopfuurira kuraira chiito nechisimba. Muiyi rwisano inopfuurira, muenzaniso wetsauriro yaAnthony naStanton, kufunga kwakanaka, uye kudisa kudenha kusaruramisira zvinoramba zviripo.

Zvidzidzo Zvokuita Zvinhu Zvakagara Zviripo

Simba Rokushandira Pamwe

Mubatanidzwa weAnthony-Sttanton unoratidza simba rokushandira pamwe mumasangano enzanga. Mano avo okuziva nokushandisa mano omumwe nomumwe, kutsigirana pamhinganidzo nenharo, uye kuramba vachibatana kwemakumi mashanu emakore inongova muenzaniso wevatsigiri venguva ino. Masangano anobudirira anoda unyanzvi hwakasiyana - siyana. (Unyanzvi, mano okukurukurirana, kukurukurirana kwavose, kuronga, chivako chakabatana chinounza vanhu vane simba rakasiyana - siyana (/zvipo zvinova zvinoshanda pamwe chete kupfuura vatungamiriri vamwe vanoshanda voga.)

Kupfuurira Kwakafanira

Rubudiriro rwesangano rairangarira kuti risare rabatanidzwa nenhamburiko inopfuurira kwamakumi amakore akawanda. Anthony naStanton vakanzwisisa kuti kuwana chinjo huru yenzanga kwaisazoitika nokukurumidza kana kuti nyore. Vakakudziridza nzira dzakawanda(kuedza kwemitemo, kukurudzira kwemitemo, dzidzo yavose, midzi inoronga (/uye yakachinja maitiro avo sezvo migariro yakachinja. Vakazivawo ukoshi hwezvivako izvo zvinogona kutsigira kufamba kupfuura upenyu hwomutungamiriri upi noupi.

Kuchinja kukuru munzanga kunoda zvose zvisarudzo zvipfupi zvenguva pfupi uye kuona zvinhu zvakanaka kwenguva refu. Zvinoda mano okudzidza kubva pakukundikana, kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu, uye kuramba wakavimbika kunyange kana kuchiita sokunononoka kana kuti kusina chokwadi.

Kukosha Kwokusiyana Kwezvinhu

Kuganhurirwa kwenzira yaAnthony naStanton (zvikurukuru kukundikana kwavo kukurukura zvakakwana nzira iyo rudzi, kirasi, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinobatanidzwa nevatano yavanhurume zvinoparira zvinoitika zvakasiyana zvedzvinyiriro (8) kujekesera ukoshi hweinonzi mhatsa. Masangano anobudirira eruramisiro yenzanga anofanira kuziva kuti vanhu vanova nezvimiro zvakawanda, zvakaganhurirwa uye zvirongwa zvokuwana kuenzana zvinofanira kugadzirisa uku kuoma.

Gakava pakati pesangano ravakadzi nesangano rekodzero dzavagari vemo dzeAfrica, uye kuganhurirwa kwavakadzi vane mavara mukati mesangano rinodzivisa, kunoratidzira ndyiko dzokukundikana kugamuchira nzira yokupinda. Masangano eContemporary akadzidza kubva muidzi mhosho uye nenzira inowedzera kuziva dikanwo yokusimbisa zvinoitika noutungamiriri zvaavo vanotarisana nezvimiro zvakawanda zvedzvinyiriro.

Mugumisiro: Mugumisiro Usingaperi

Susan B. Anthony naElizabeth Cady Stanton vakaita mabasa anokosha mukuitwa kweGavhuramisita reChigumi Nepfumbamwe uye kufambira mberi kukuru kwekodzero dzavakadzi muAmerica. Ukama hwavo, hunobatanidza makore mashanu, kungwara kwesangano, kuumba sangano rakashandura nzanga yeAmerica zvikuru. Chiono chaStanton uye kunyora zvakagovera hwaro hwemazivi nokuda kwokuenzana kwavakadzi, nepo kuronga nokuronga nokusaneta kwaAnthony kwakavaka zvivako zvesangano zvaidikanwa kushandura pfungwa kuva dzechokwadi.

Mipiro yavo yakatambanudzwa kupfuura zvikuru kuitwa chaiko kwekodzero dzokuvhota. Vakadenha fungidziro dzinokosha pamusoro pamano avakadzi namabasa akafanira, vakabudisa zvibvumikiso zvine simba nokuda kwokuenzana zvakavakirwa pakodzero dzomusikirwo nenheyo dzehurumende, uye vakaratidzira kuti vakadzi vaigona kuva vatambi vanobudirira vezvamatongerwe enyika kunyange vasati vava nevhoti. Vakasika masangano, zvinyorwa, uye masangano ayo akatsigira kufamba mumakumi amakore echishoro nemhinganidzo. Vakaraira vashingairi vaduku vaizopfuurira nebasa pashure porufu rwavo.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, nhaka yavo inoomeswa nokukundikana kwavo kugamuchira zvizere chiono chakazara chokuenzana. Chishoro chavo kuFirefet Amendment yechi 15, kushandiswa kwavo kwapanhambo nenhambo kwekurukurirano yedzinza neshoko, uye kunangidzira kwavo paitiro hanya dzavakadzi vachena, veboka rapakati kwakaratidzira ganhuriro dzakakomba dzakakuvadza sangano racho ndokuregeredza nheyo dzaro dzakanyorwa. Uku kundikano dzinotiyeuchidza kuti kunyange vatsigiri vakazvitsaurira zvikurusa veruramisiro vanogona kuva nenzvimbo dzakavharidzika uye kuti kusvika chiyero chapachokwadi kunoda kungwarira nguva dzose mukurwisana nomuedzo wokuisa maruramiro avamwe vanhu pamusoro pevamwe.

Pasinei zvapo neiyi ganhuriro, zviitwa zvaAnthony naStanton zvinoramba zvichishamisa. Vakabatsira kuvamba sangano rakawana kumwe kukura kukurusa kwekodzero dzedemokrase munhau yeAmerica. Description yeLe 199th, yawanwa makore ane gumi namana pashure porufu rwaAnthony namakore ane gumi namasere pashure porwaStanton, yakamirira kuzadzika kwechiono chavakanga vataura paSeneca Falls muna 1848. Nepo hapana mukadzi akararama kuti apedze pamutemo, basa ravo roupenyu rakaita kuti zvibvirire mamiriyoni evakadzi veAmerica kushandisa kodzero inokosha yokuva mugari wemo.

Nhasi, sezvatinopfuurira kurwisana nemibvunzo yokuenzana, ruramisiro, uye kutora rutivi kwehurumende yehurumende, muenzaniso waSusan B. Anthony naElizabeth Cady Stanton unoramba wakakodzera. Kuzvitsaurira kwavo kuchinhu chikuru kupfuura ivo vamene, kufunga kwavo kwakarongwa nounyanzvi hwesangano, kudisa kwavo kudenha masangano ane simba nezvitendero zvakadzika midzi, uye kubatana kwavo kwakavakirwa pakuremekedzana namasimba echiito. Nhau yavo inotiyeuchidza kuti chinjo huru yenzanga inobvira, asi kunoda chiono, kupfuurira, uye kudisa kushanda pamwe chete nokuda kwenharidzano imwe chete.

Demende yechi19 inomira sechibvumirano chebasa ravo roupenyu uye simba rezviito zvakarongwa zvokuchinja nzanga. Nepo kurwisa nokuda kwokuenzana kwechokwadi kuchipfuurira, nheyo yavakagadza nomuenzaniso zvinopfuurira kukurudzira zvizvarwa zvitsva zvinoshanda kuvaka nyika yakarurama zvikuru nedemokrase. Nokuda kwemashoko akawanda pamusoro peboka ravakadzi, shanyirai [[FLT:] kodzero dzevakadzi] kodzero dzeNational Historical Park[[[FLT: 1] kana kuti ongorora pfuma pa [[FLT:] pa [FLT:] napaSTAM] napapo anotanga basa ra [[FLT] makore 170 akapfuura.]