Table of Contents

Kunzwisisa Muitiro Wokusarudza weAmerica: Nhungamiro Inopesvedzera Kubva Kunhimbe Kuenda Kukutangwa

Gadziriro yokusarudza inomirira imwe yembiru hurusa dzokutonga kwehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, ichibatira semutoo uyo vagari vemo vanoshandisa nawo maruramiro avo kusarudza vatungamiriri vavo ndokuumba nhungamiro yehurumende yavo. Iyi gadziriro yakasiyana - siyana inobatanidza nhano dzakawanda, imwe neimwe yakagadzirwa nezvinangwa zvakati uye inodzorwa nemitemo ine udzame. Kuvambira panguva dzapakuvamba zvikurusa apo vada kuvamba kutsaurirwa kwomutambo unoratidzira mavambo ehurumende itsva, muitiro wesarudzo unobatanidza rwendo rwakaoma urwo runogona kubatanidza anodokusvika makore maviri nokuda kwesarudzo youpurezidhendi.

Kunzwisisa kuti basa resarudzo rinokosha sei pakutora rutivi runoitwa nevanhu vakadzidza. Muitiro wacho unobatanidza kwete kungokanda chivhoti paZuva Rokusarudza, asi nhevedzo yamatanho akabatanidza zvikamu zvinosanganisira maprimi, macoucuse, makokorodzano enyika, mabhii esarudzo, Electoral College, uye kuchinjwa kworugare kwesimba. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoita basa rinokosha mukuvimbisa kuti muitiro wedemocracy ushande sewakarongwa, kubvumira vavhoti kuti vaite zvisarudzo zvokuziva asi vachichengeta kuperera uye kuva nekodzero kwegadziriro yezvirongwa zvehurumende.

Kutanga Kwechikwata Chokuongorora: Matare Okuongorora Nokugadzirira Kwokutanga

Vanoda kufanova vasati vazivisa zviri pamutemo vavariro yavo yokumhanyira kunzvimbo, fandesheni inokosha inoitika seri kwezviono. Rwendo rwokuva munhu akatendeseka runovamba makore pachine nguva mberi, navanoda kutora rutivi mukurukurirano, kuvhota, uye kutsigira kugadzirira nokuda kwenhimbe dzavo. Uku kutanga, kunowanzonzi "zvisingaoneki," kunobatanidza kuedza mvura dzezvamatongerwe enyika, kuvaka ukama navachengeti vemichero mikuru, uye kuyera kana nzira inoshanda yokukunda iripo.

Mukati meiyi nhambo yokunzvera, vada kubhapatidzwa vanoumba matare anonzvera anowanzovabvumira kuyera tsigiro nokusimudza mari pasina kuzivisa nenzira yapamutemo kuva vakatendeseka. Matare iwaya anobatira madonzo akawanda: anobetsera vadaviri kunzwisisa chikumbiro chavo chinobvira kuvavhoti, zivisa nhau dzinokosha dzinonzwika nevomubatanidzwa, uye vamba kuvaka gadziriro dzinodikanwa nokuda kwenhimbe yechikamu chakazara. Chikamu chokuongorora chinogovera chinopiwa chinopiwa chibvumirano chinogoverawo mukana wokupinza vashandi vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira, kuvandudza gadziriro dzokunyora mashoko, uye kutanga ukama navapi vachava vanokosha kutsigira nhimberi.

Zvinodikanwa Zvokunyoresa Musangano Wekusarudza

Kana muda kunyoresa angomutsa kana kuti kupedza anopfuura $5 000 nokuda kwenhimbe yavo, vanofanira kunyoresa neFederal Ecommution Commission. Ikoko kunobatanidza kududza dare guru renhimbe rokumutsa nokushandisa mari yenhimbe. Ichi chinodikanwa chokunyoresa chinovimbisa kujeka munhimbe uye chinobvumira ruzhinji kunyora kuti vanoda vanowana mari sei ndokushandisa munhevedzano yose yesarudzo.

Federal Envotion Commission inoita basa rinokosha rokutarisira mugadziriro yacho yose, ichitarisira kuwirirana nemitemo yenhimbe yemari uye ichivimbisa kuti vanoda kupiwa mari vachengete miganhu yokupa uye zvinodiwa kuti vazivise.

Mari Yemutambo: Nheyo Dzemari Dzezvisarudzo

Nhimbe dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzazvino uno dzinoda mari yakawanda kuti dzikwikwidze nenzira inobudirira.Mapurezidhendi akamutsa mabhiriyoni Z $2,5 uye akapedza anenge mabhiriyoni $1,8 mumwedzi 24 yenhambo yokusarudza, mukuwirirana nemishumo yemari yenhimbe yakachengetwa neFederal Ecomtion Commission inofukidza mubato kuvambira paJanuary 1, 2023 kusvikira kuna December 31, 2024.

Mari dzenhimbe dzinoshandiswa nokuda kwemhatsa huru yezvinangwa, kubatanidza kushambadza kweterevhizheni nenhamba, miripo yavashandi, ndyiko dzezvifambiso, kuvhota, kunzvera kwechishoro, kuvhota, uye sangano rezvinoitika. Mano okukwidza mari kazhinji kazhinji anosarudza kuti vadaviri vapi vanogona kuramba vachikwikwidzana nomutoo unobudirira mumuitiro wokutanga uye muchisarudzo chikuru. Vaya vanoparapatidza kukwezva mipiro vanokuwana kwakaoma zvikuru kuchengeta kuoneka uye simba resangano rinodikanwa kukwikwidzana navarwi vari nani.

Kwakabva Nhimbe Yokutsigira

Mari yakawanda yenhimbe yapurezidhendi inowanzobva mumatare ezviito zvamatongerwe enyika (PACs), mipiro, uye masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika amene — mabhiriyoni amadhora akapedzerwa munhau yose pakusarudza kwapurezidhendi. Vapi vamwe navamwe, vachibva mumipiro miduku kuvavambi vapfumi, vanogovera chikamu chinokosha chemari yenhimbe. Mutemo weFrederal unoganhurira kuti vanhu vangani vanogona kupa zvakananga kuvapindi, asi marudzi akasiyana - siyana amatare ezvamatongerwe enyika nePCs anogona kukwidza uye kupedza zvitsamazvitsama zvisingagumi nokuda kwavaparidzi, kunyange zvazvo vasingagoni kutsinhirana zvakananga nenhimbe.

Kukwira kwenhimbe yepaIndaneti yokutsigira upfumi hwepasi pano kwaita kuti vapiki vakwanise kuunganidza mari yakawanda kubva kuvapi vaduku vanopa mari inokwana mwero mumichina. Iyi michina inoisa mari yemari yemadhipatimendi yakaita kuti vamwe vanoda kukwikwidza nemari vasingavimbi zvikuru nevapi vemari huru yegamuchidzanwa, kunyange zvazvo mipiro mikuru inobva kuvanhu vakapfuma nemasangano inopfuurira kuita basa rinokosha mumakwikwi makurusa.

Mari Nemapepa: Kusarudza Boka reNominees

Gadziriro huru necaucus inomirira rutivi rukuru rwokutanga rwebasa ramapurezidhendi. Vatongi navanosarudza inzira mbiri idzo vanhu vanobetsera nadzo hurumende namapati ezvamatongerwe enyika vanosarudza mabhii apurezidhendi. Dzidza kuti vanoshanda sei nemisiyano pakati pemiitiro. Iyi misiyano inobvumira mitezo yebato uye, muzvimwe zviitiko, vavhoti vakazvimirira kuratidzira zvido zvavo nokuda kweanofanira kumirira vapapati musarudzo yavose.

Mukati memwedzi mitanhatu yokutanga yegore, zvirunganwa namacaucuuse zvinochengetwa zvakaparadzana muimwe neimwe yenyika 50; Ruwa rweColumbia, uye imwe neimwe yendima shanu dzinogarwa zvechigarire dzeUS dzeSamoa yeAmerica, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, uye US Virgin Islands. Iyi purogiramu inokatyamadzwa inoparira simba uko makwikwi apakuvamba anogamuchira ngwariro yakawandisa uye inogona kupesvedzera zvikuru nhevedzano yomuitiro wose wokusaririra.

Kusarudza Kunoita Basa Racho Rokutanga

Nyika zhinjisa dzinoita kuti zvive zvitsauko 6-9 pamberi pesarudzo yapurezidhendi. Vavhoti vapamberi vanosarudza vadawi vavo vasingazivikanwi kupfurikidza nokukanda mavhoti epachivande. Hurumende umo mukuru unoitirwa inotora miuyo yevhoti mudare kuvatambi. Sarudzo huru nenzira yakafanana kuvhotaworawo, navavhoti vachienda kundovhota mukati mamaawa akarongwa kuisa vhoti dzavo pachivande.

Sarudzo huru inodzorwa nehurumende yehurumende kana kuti yomunzvimbomo, nepo caucus ichitungamirirwa nebato rezvamatongerwe enyika. Uku kutarisirwa kwehurumende kwevaparidzi kunoreva kuti vanobhadharwa nemari ne $34 uye vanofanira kuwirirana nemitemo yesarudzo nemiraudzo. Muitiro wokuvhota muprista wakananga uye wakarovedzeka kuvavhoti vazhinjisa, uchiita kuti kutora rutivi kuve kuri nyore zvikuru kuenzaniswa negadziriro yecaucus yakaoma zvikuru.

Kunzwisisa Kunoparira

Masangano anoverengeka anotora mabhii mumwedzi inotungamirira kurusarudzo rwapurezidhendi. Cauzues imisangano inodzorwa namasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anoitirwa paruwa, ruwa, kana kuti nzvimbo. Kusafanana nomuitiro wokuvhota nokukurumidza uye womunhu oga wePriminary, masangano masangano enzanga anogona kupedza maawa anoverengeka uye kubatanidza kurukurirano yavose pamusoro pevanoda kurondwa.

A caucus musangano unoitwa namapati ezvamatongerwe enyika umo mitezo inoungana kukurukura vadaviri nokusarudza nhume. Kusafanana naPrimmies, caucuses anosimbisa kurukurirano nokunyengetedza pakuvhota kwokukurumidza. Gadziriro yecaucus inokurudzira kutora rutivi kwokushingaira nokurangarira, navapindi kazhinji kazhinji vachiedza kupwisa vamwe kutsigira mudaviri wavo vanodiwa. Uku kukurukurirana nechimiro kunoparira simba rakasiana zvikuru kupfuura muvhota mukuru.

Gadziriro yecaucus inotanga zvapakuvamba nokutaura kunobva kuvamiriri vavatsigiri vomutsigiri mumwe nomumwe, kuchiteverwa navapindi vanokamuranisa kuva mapoka akavakirwa padanho ravo. Mune mimwe miitiro yecaucus, zvikurukuru Democratic caucuses, vanoda kutora rutivi rwakati rwetsigiro kuti varangarirwe kuva "vanogona kunzi." Vatsigiri vavanoda kubhapatidzwa vasiri vanokwanisa kubatira pamwe navamwe vanoda kubhapatidzwa, vachitanga muitiro wekurukurirano unoshanda uyo unogona kusundira tsigiro mumadekwana ose.

Mabhanzi neCaucus

Mukati mechikamu chikuru kana kuti chaucus chakazaruka, vavhoti havafaniri kunyoreswa nebato rezvamatongerwe enyika kuti vatore rutivi mucaucus yavo huru kana kuti mucaucus. Mukati mechikamu chakavharwa, vavhoti bedzi vanogona kutora rutivi ndokuvhota. Iyi miitiro yakasiana- siyana inoratidzira uzivi hwakasiana pamusoro pokuti ndiani anofanira kuva nechataura mukusarudza chikwata chebato.

Zvigaro zvakavharwa nezvinoiswa muboka zvakagadzirirwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitezo yebato bedzi yakasarudzwa yakasarudzwa yebato, ichidzivisa mitezo yebato rinopesana kuvhota nenzira yechienzi nokuda kwavada kupera simba. Gadziriro dzinovhura, mukupesana, dzinobvumira kutora rutivi kwakafara uye dzinogona kubetsera mapoka anozvimirira angatsigira pakupedzisira vavhotinyisi vavo muchisarudzo chavose. Dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisa miitiro inongova yakazaruka kana kuti yakavharika inowira pakati peiyi mitoo miviri, dzichibvumira vavhoti vavhoti vasina kubatanidzwa kutora rutivi apo vanoganhurira mitezo yemabato inopikisa.

Gadziriro Yenhume

Sarudzo huru yehurumende kana kuti caucus inowanzova sarudzo isina kunanga: panzvimbo pokusarudza zvakananga munhu anomhanyira kuna purezidhendi, ivo vanosarudza nhamba yenhume dzichagamuchira kubva kumugariro wadzo wakasiana nokuda kwekokorodzano yenyika yebato rimwe nerimwe. Iyi gadziriro yokutumira inoreva kuti vamiriri vakuru navacaucus havasati vachizoguma zvakananga asi panzvimbo pezvo kusarudza kuti nhume ngani idzo mudaviri mumwe nomumwe achava nadzo dzinovatsigira pakokorodzano yenyika.

Nhamba yenhume dzinopiwa muvhoti imwe neimwe mucaucus huru kana kuti yakavakirwa pamitemo yakaoma kunzwisisa. Iyi mitemo inosiana nehurumende, uye inogadzwa namapati ezvamatongerwe enyika pamwero worudzi noruwa. Dzimwe dzinotaura kuti nhume dzinopa mibayiro dzinowirirana nemwero wenhamba yevhoti dzinogamuchirwa, nepo vamwe vanoshandisa masangano okuwana mutambi anogamuchira vavhoti vazhinjisa. Iyi mitoo yakasiana inogona kutapura zvikuru gadziriro yenhimberi, sezvo vadapatidzi vanofanira kusarudza kuti vatsigiriki vachana mipiro yavo panzvimbo inotsamira pamapi.

Kokorodzano Dzorudzi: Kuumba Zita Rokunyora

Pane imwe nguva yakaziviswa, vanokwikwidzana mudzimba dzapamusoro kuti vachengetedze kuiswa kwapamubatanidzwa wavo, kuchiguma muKokorodzano yeNational umo muroora anogadzwa zviri pamutemo. Kokorodzano dzorudzi, dzinoitwa nebato guru rimwe nerimwe muzhizha pamberi pesarudzo yavose, dzinobatira segadziriro yetsika nokuda kwavakwikwidzi vamabhishopi vakururi navamatsotsi.

Pane imwe nguva, sarudzo nokuda kwomutsigiri webato wapurezidhendi yakaitwa paKokorodzano yake yeNational. Munguva dzazvino uno, ikoku kwazova muitiro. Sarudzo dzinoitwa asi kazhinji kazhinji vazhinjisa vanoda kutora vabuda munhangemutange. Kubva kuruboshwe rupi norupi, mukundi anodokuva anozivikanwa nguva dzose kokorodzano isati yatanga. Gadziriro huru nekaucus yakasunda nenzira inobudirira simba chairoiro rokuita zvisarudzo kubva kumapati apamberi pakokorodzano kuti vavhoterani mumakwikwikwidzano ehurumende.

Donzo Razvino Uno Rekokorodzano

Chinangwa chekokorodzano nhasi kukurukura mitemo yebato nechikuva. Panzvimbo penzira yokusarudza mudanho womubato wapurezidhendi, kokorodzano yazova chishandiso chokuratidzira nokusimudzira mukwikwidziridziri. Kokorodzano dzazvino uno dzinobatira zvikurukuru sezviitiko zvenhau zvakagadzirirwa kuparira mbavarira pakati pemitezo yebato, kusuma mumiririri kuvateereri venyika, uye kutanga nhimbe yesarudzo.

Kokorodzano dzinogovera mukana nokuda kwamapati wokuratidza nyeredzi dzavo dzinokwira, dzakabatanidza kuseri kwenzvimbo dzinobatanidza pashure pezvipo zvinoparadzanisa zvinobvira, uye kupa shoko rinotsinhirana kuvavhoti. Chikuva chebato, icho chinoratidzira nzvimbo dzebato panhau huru, chinogamuchirwa nenzira yapamutemo pakokorodzano. Kutaura kwokugamuchira kwamuchina kunomirira nguva inokosha kurondedzera kuva kwavo vakatendeseka ndokuita kuti chikonzero nei vachifanira kusarudzwa kuva purezidhendi.

Kusarudza Sachigaro Muduku

Chimwe chezvisarudzo zvinokosha zvikuru zvinoitwa pamusoro pekokorodzano yenyika kusarudzwa kwomukwanyina anobatira pamwe. Mitezo yapurezidhendi inozivisa chisarudzo chavo nguva pfupi pamberi kana kuti mukati mekokorodzano. Kusarudza uku kunobatanidza kusanorangarira zvinhu zvakasiyana- siyana, kubatanidza mamiriro ezvinhu, kuwirirana kwepfungwa, ruzivo rwokutonga, uye mano okufadza vavhoti vakuru kana kuti nyika dzinochinja.

Mutevedzeri wemubatanidzwa wekuchengetedza nyika anogona kubetsera kudzikamisa tikiti kupfurikidza nokuunza mano akabatana napurezidhendi mukuru mukuru. Somuenzaniso, mukwikwidzi wapurezidhendi ane ruzivo rwakaganhurirwa rwemiitiro yokumwe angasarudza mukwanyina anomhanya ane zvikwaniriso zvikuru zvokuchengeteka kwenyika. Nenzira yakafanana, mutambi anobva kune imwe nharaunda yenyika angasarudza mukwanyina anofamba achibva munzvimbo yakasiana kuti akudziridze kufadza nyika.

Mushandirapamwe Wekusarudza

Pashure pokunge vanzi vakwikwidze, vanoda kusarudzwa vanoisa pfungwa dzavo kunhimbe yesarudzo, nyika dzinoda kuvhota dzinoda kurongerwa pasina chokwadi. Nhimbe yesarudzo inomirira chikamu chokupedzisira chemakwikwi okusarudza, umo vamirines vakuru vanokwikwidzana nevakuru vakuru vehurumende.

Kushanda kweBasa uku kunoratidza kutanga kwenhambo yakakomba yokutsigira, kunyange zvazvo chaizvoizvo, kutsigira kusarudzwa kunowanzotanga nguva yokutanga, dzimwe nguva nokukurumidza pashure pokunge zororo ravaparidzi rapera.

Kuronga Kugadzira Zvirongwa uye Kuchera Nyika

Nhimbe dzezvisarudzo imabasa ezvokuronga anokosha zvikuru ayo anonangidzira mari pazvinhu apo muuyo hauna chokwadi. Nemhaka yeElectoral College system, vanoda kutsiva havarwi zvakafanana vachigura nyika dzose asi panzvimbo pezvo vanonangidzira nhamburiko dzavo pamakwikwi "mitezo yokukwikwidza" kana kuti "nyika dzehondo dzehondo" umo mutevedzeri mumwe ane mukana chaiwoiwo wokuwina.

Kufunga nezvezvirongwa zvinoda kugadziridzwa kunoreva kuti vavhoti munyika dzinokwikwidzana vanoona nhimbe dzakawanda, kusanganisira kushambadza, kushambadza, uye midzi inokweverwa, kupfuura vavhoti mumashoko okuti vanotsigira zvakasimba mumwe munhu kana mumwe. Nepo nzira iyi inonzwisisika kubva pamaonero enhimbe, inomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokuti vavhoti vose vanowana ngwariro yakaenzana here mugadziriro yevhoti.

Gakava RaPurezidhendi

Gakava raPurezidhendi rinomirira zvimwe zvezvinoitika zvakacherekedzwa zvikurusa uye zvinoguma nemhiko yavose yesarudzo. Aya majekerwe anorevererwa anobvumira vadaviri kupa nzvimbo dzavo zvakananga kumamirioni avavhoti, kupindura kunharo dzavashori vavo, uye kuratidzira kuda kwavo nokuda kwoutungamiriri. Nharo dzinogona kupesvedzera zvikuru nzwisiso dzavavhoti, zvikurukuru pakati pavavhoti vasina kurongwa avo vachiri kurangarira vanoda kusarudzwa.

Gadziriro yekurukurirano, misoro, uye mitemo zvinokurukurwa zvaiwanzoitwa pakati penhimbe nemutumbi wokuronga. Nharo dzinofukidza nhevedzano yenhau dzomumba nedzedzimwe nyika, kuchibvumira vavhoti kuenzanisa nzvimbo dzavanoda kubhapatidzwa uye kuyera zivo yavo, chimiro, uye unyanzvi hwekurukurirano. Kukurukurirana kwakasimba kunogona kugovera simba kunhimbe, nepo mabasa asina kunaka anogona kumutsa panikiro pamusoro pezvikwaniriso zvomunzvero.

Kunyoresa Nokubatanidzwa

MuUS kuri madikanwa kunyoresa kuti vavhote, kuita vhoti muitiro une nhano mbiri idzo pane dzimwe nguva dzine tapuro yokubvisa muvhoti. Kusafanana nemimwe hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu umo kunyoresa kwomuvhoti kuri kwokuzviitikira, United States inoda kuti vagari vemo vatange kunyoresa vasati vagona kutora rutivi. Zvinodikanwa zvokunyoresa zvinosiana nehurumende, nemisi yakasiana iyo vavhoti vanofanira kuronga.

Dzimwe nyika dzakaita kuchinja kuti zvive nyore kunyoresa, kusanganisira kunyoresa paIndaneti, kunyoresa zuva rimwe chete, uye kunyoresa kwevavhota kana vagari vemo vakabatana nemasangano ehurumende seDhipatimendi reMotor Vehicles. Kuchinja uku kunovavarira kuderedza zvipingamupinyi kuti vagari vemo vakwanise kutora voga. Zvisinei, zvinodiwa pakunyoresa zvinoramba zviripo kuti vadzivise kubiridzira uye vamwe vanotoita kuti vasapinda mubhedha.

Zuva Rokusarudza Nenzira Dzokutumira Nadzo

United States ine sarudzo yapurezidhendi makore mana ari ose. nguva dzose inoitwa paChipiri chokutanga pashure poMuvhuro wokutanga muna November. Iyi nguva, yakagadzwa nomutemo wehurumende muna 1845, yakasarudzwa kuti igovere karenda yokurima neganhuriro dzokufamba dzezana ramakore rechi 19, kunyange zvazvo ichiri kushanda nhasi pasinei zvapo nechinjo huru munzanga yeAmerica.

Kunyange zvazvo Zuva Rokusarudza richiri nguva yegamuchidzanwa yokuvhota, sarudzo dzazvino uno dzinobatanidza mitoo yakawanda yokuvhota nayo inotambanudza nguva yokuvhota kutopfuura zuva rimwe chete. Kuvhota kwokukurumidza, kuvhota kwokurega kuvhota, uye kuvhota tsamba zvazova zvakapararira zvikuru, zvichibvumira vavhoti kukanda mavhoti pamberi poMusi Wokuvhota pasati Pasvika kupfurikidza nemiitiro yakasiana - siana.

Basa Rokutengesa Nokurega Basa Kuchikurumidza

Kudzosera mashoko kwakatovamba mune dzimwe nyika, Alabama wokutanga kutumira mavhoti ake epositi musi wa11 September, kuchiteverwa namamwe mapfumbamwe akatanga kuita saizvozvo mazuva 45 pamberi pesarudzo. Idzi dzakabatanidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma nenyika dzakasara (kutumira zvinyorwa zvamauto ane zvombo navagari vokumwe kwakatumwawo mazuva 45 zuva risati ravhota). Kutumira mashoko mumunhu kwakavambawo mavhiki mashanu zuva risati ravhota, neVirginia nyika yokutanga kuvamba kuvhota, kuteverwa neSouth Dakotal neMinnesota.

Iyi mitoo yokuvhota yakasiana inopa kuchinjika nokuda kwavavhoti vangava nechinetso chokuvhota paZuva reSarudzo nemhaka yerudungwe rwebasa, kufamba, urema, kana kuti zvimwe zvisarudzo. Kuvhota kwapatsamba kwazova kwakapararira zvikuru, nedzimwe nyika dzichiitisa sarudzo inodokuva chose chose netsamba. Kukura kwokukurumidza nokuvhota tsamba kwachinja nhimbe huru, sezvo vada kunofanira zvino kutsigira nhamburiko dzavo munhambo refu yokuvhota panzvimbo pokunangidzira paZuva rimwe chete.

Electoral College System

Asi, Electoral College inoshandiswa kushandisa Sarudzo iyi yakasiyana nedzimwe yemasarudzo apurezidhendi weAmerica inowanzovhiringidza vavhoti uye vacherechedzi vemarudzi akawanda vakajairana nemavhoti akakurumbira.

Panenge pachiitwa kuvhota, vagari vemo havavhoti zvakananga vanoda kuzova purezidhendi asi vanosarudzwa vakavimbiswa kuvanabhinya ravo kuti vazova purezidhendi, vanovhota kuti vasarudze chitupa chevavhotera vanenge vavimbisa kutsigira mutevedzeri iyeye muElectoral College.

Kushanda Kunoita Electoral College

Rine 538 vavhoti vanosarudza purezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi. Mutevedzeri anofanira kuchengetedza ruzhinji rwavavhoti 270 vakasarudzwa. Hurumende imwe neimwe inogoverwa nhamba yamavhoti akaenzana nomufananidzo wayo wose wesangano racho (nguva dzose vaviri) uye vamiririri (vakavakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vemo). Iyi tsika inopa pesvedzero duku zvikuru zvikuru pamunhu kupfuura yaizova nayo mugadziriro yokuvhota yakakurumbira.

Mune 48, mutsigiri anowana vhoti yakakurumbira anogamuchira mavhoti ose ehurumende iyoyo. Akasiana: Maine naNebraska vanoshandisa gadziriro inowirirana, vavhoti vanosarudza vakavakirwa pamiuyo mumaruwa mamwe namamwe. Uku kuhwina kunotora zvose mumibatanidzwa mizhinji kunoreva kuti mutevedzeri anogona kuwina mugariro nemucheto mutete asi anogamuchira mavhoti ose akasarudzwa nevoruzhinji, achikudza ukoshi hwemitengo inohwina panzvimbo pokungowedzera bedzi vhoti dzose munyika yose.

Betsero Nokutsoropodza kweElectoral College

Sangano reElectoral College rine zvose zviri zviviri vatsigiri navatsoropodzi. Dzinobvumira nyika duku kuva dzine simba guru kupfuura radzingava nadzo muvhoti. Vatsigiri vanoda kukunda vavhoti kubva kunyika dzakawanda dzakasiyana - siyana, kwete maguta makuru chete. Kazhinji kazhinji vanoguma nemukundi akajeka, vachidzivisa kusarudza kwakawedzera kana kuti kuvhara zvimwe zvinhu munyika yose. Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti tsika inodzivirira zvido zvenyika dzine vanhu vashoma, vanokurudzira vanoda kuvaka nzanga kuti dzivake mativi ose akasiyana - siyana, uye vanowanzoita migumisiro inozoguma.

Zvisinei, vatsoropodzi vanonongedzera kumipinyi minoverengeka inokosha. Mubhadhari anogona kuwina vhoti yakakurumbira asi anorasikirwa nesarudzo (mutoo, 2000, 2016). Iyi bviro, iyo yakaitika kashanu munhau yeAmerica, inomutsa mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro porumano rwedemokrati uye kana mudaviriri akasarudzwa navavhoti vazhinjisa anofanira kukunda. Iyi gadziriro yekoreji yakasarudzwa inogona kutungamirira kumigariro apo mutevedzeri anowana sachigaro chakakurumbira, achisimbisa pesvedzero yokuva nomutengi wehurumende. Nepo vamwe vachirangarira koreji yezvisarudzo senzira yokudzikamisa nayo pakati penyika, mirangariro yayo pamusoro pegadziriro yedemocracy inopfuurira kuva nhau yekurukurirano yekurukurirano.

Kugadzirwa Kwemazai Eectoral

Muna December, vavhoti vanosangana munyika imwe neimwe kuti vavhotedze migumisiro yakakurumbira. Mavhoti eElector anoverengwa neCongress mumavambo aJanuary; 270 mavhoti anodikanirwa kuwina. Vavhoti vanoungana mudzimbahwe rehurumende ravo rimwe nerimwe pazuva rinorongwa nomutemo wehurumende (Chipiri chokutanga pashure peChitatu chechipiri muna December) kuti vasarudze nenzira yapamutemo mavhoti avo nokuda kwapurezidhendi nomuteveri mukuru.

Nepo vavhoti vachikarirwa kazhinji kazhinji kuvhota nokuda kwomutsigiri uyo akawina vvuori yavo yakakurumbira yehurumende, nhau ye "vavhoti vasina kutenda" avo vanosarudza nenzira yakasiana - siana yamuka panhambo nenhambo. Mitemo mizhinjisa ine mitemo inosunga vavhoti kuti vavhoteri vavo vakapikirwa, uye Dare Rapamusorosoro rakatsigira kuva kwebumbiro remitemo rakadaro. Zvisinei, vavhoti vasina kutenda vanoramba vari itiro yezvokurangarira mukuvhota.

Chibvumikiso chePreftification nenjo

Pashure peZuva reSarudzo, nhevedzano yamatanho anokosha anofanira kuitika mukwikwidzi asati atora hofisi. Mabhukwana etsamba netsamba angatora nguva yakawedzerwa, zvichitsamira pamitemo yokugadzira. Zviremera zvehurumende zveSarudzo zvinozivisa miuyo yapamutemo pashure pokuverenga nokusimbisa mapepa ose. Uyu muitiro wekunyora kunobatanidza kuva nechokwadi chokungwarira kuva nechokwadi nouchokwadi zvemiuyo.

Nyika imwe neimwe ine musi wayo nemitoo yokuzivisa miuyo yesarudzo, asi vose vanofanira kupedza muitiro wacho munguva yokuti Electoral College igosangana muna December. Vakuru vakuru vasarudzo vomunzvimbomo vakatanga kuzivisa miuyo pamwero wenyika kana kuti purofesa, inoteverwa nevimbiso yenzvimbo yakagadzwa navakuru vakuru vakadai somunyori wehurumende kana kuti dare resarudzo.

Kuverenga Zvidzidzo ZveElectoral Congress

Congress inosangana pana January 6 kuti iverenge mavhoti ovhota uye kuzivisa pamutemo mukundi. Iyi purogiramu yeCongress, inotungamirirwa nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi akagara mubasa ravo sapurezidhendi weDare, inomirira nhano yokupedzisira yokusarudza mugumisiro wesarudzo. Mitezo yeCongress inogona kuramba kuvhota kubva kunyika dzakananga, asi kuramba kwakadaro kunoda tsigiro kuvose vari vaviri mumiririri nomumiriri uye kashomanene kubudirira.

Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transion Reformation Act yakagadziridza ndokujekesa miitiro yeiyi nzira, ichikurukura miuyo nezvinopesana zvingava zvinooneka musarudzo ichangobva kupfuura. iyi chinjo dzinovavarira kuva nechokwadi chokuti kuvhota kunoitwa nevhota kunopfuurira nenzira yakapfava uye kuti kuda kwavavhoti kunoratidzirwa nenzira yakarurama mumuuyo wokupedzisira.

Kuchinja KwaPurezidhendi

Pakati pesarudzo nokugadzwa, mutongi neboka ravo vanopinda mumuitiro wokuchinja kukuru wokugadzirira nokuda kwokutora basa. iyi nhambo yokuchinja inobatanidza kusarudza mitezo yekabhineti navamwe vakuru vakuru vakuru, kugamuchira kupfupiswa kwechengeteko yenyika nedzimwe nhau dzinokosha, uye kutanga muitiro nokuda kwegadziriro itsva.

Kutarisira kwokusununguka kunokarirwa kubatira pamwe nomuitiro wokuchinja, kuchigovera kusvika kumashoko nezviwanikwa zviri madikanwa kuti boka rinouya rive rakagadzirira kudzora nenzira inobudirira kubva pazuva rimwe. mutemo weFederal unogovera mari netsigiro nokuda kwokuchinja kwapurezidhendi, uchiziva kuti kupiwa simba kwakapfava kunokosha nokuda kwechengeteko yenyika nokudzora kunobudirira.

Zuva Rokupengedzerwa Kwenyika: Kufambiswa Kwesimba Kune Rugare

Purezidhendi mutongi anogadzwa pamutemo pana January 20, achiratidzira kutanga kweshoko ravo. Ikoku kuchaguma pana 20 January nokutsaurirwa kwomugadziki mutsva weWhite House, sezvinotaurwa muKugadziridzwa kweChi20 kuBumbiro reMitemo reUS. Zuva roKusarudza rinomirira mugumo wegadziriro yose yokusarudza uye kutanga kwenguva itsva youpurezidhendi.

Mutambo wokutsaurira, unoitwa paUnited States Capitol, unobatanidza mutongi anosarudza kuita mhiko yebasa, yaipiwa neMutongi Mukuru weDare Rapamusorosoro. Mhiko youpurezidhendi, inodudzwa muBumbiro Romutemo, inoda kuti purezidhendi apike kana kuti atsigire kuti vacha "nyatsoparadza Hofisi yaPrezidhendi weUnited States, uye kuti vazoshandisa nesimba rangu rose, vachichengetedza, uye vachidzivirira Bumbiro Remitemo reUnited States. ”

Kero Yokusataura Nechinyakare

Achitevera mhiko yebasa, purezidhendi mutsva anopa hurukuro yokutanga inoonesa chiono chavo nokuda kwenyika nenzvimbo yokutanga nokuda kwegadziriro yavo. Uku kutaura kunogovera banza rokugadza chimiro choutungamiriri, kuraira chinzwano chorudzi, uye kujekesa nheyo dzichatungamirira mutoo wokutonga mutsva.

Mutambo wokutsaurira wakapfuma negamuchidzanwa uye nokufananidzira, uchimirira kuchinjwa kworugare kwesimba uko kuri chiratidzo chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica.Vaichimbova purezidhendi vanowanzopinda mutambo wacho, vachiratidzira kupfuurira kwamasangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu mumativi ose. Chiitiko chinobatanidza kuimba, minyengetero, uye kudzokororwa kweChipikicha cheAllegiance, kuumba mugariro wemutambo unosimbisa revo yenhambo yacho.

Kusarudzwa kweCongress Nehurumende

Nepo sarudzo yapurezidhendi ichigamuchira ngwariro hurusa, mutoo wokusarudza unosarudzawo kuumbwa kwehurumende dzeCongress nehurumende. Sarudzo yeCongress inoitwa makore maviri ari ose, ne 435 Houses shopu dzose uye inenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu cheDare re100 zvigaro zvinoiswa nokuda kwesarudzo munhambo imwe neimwe. Sarudzo idzi dzinokosha nemhaka yokuti dzinosarudza kuti ipi boka rinodzora kamuri rimwe nerimwe reCongress, zvinotapura zvikuru mano apurezidhendi okufambisira purogiramu yavo yemitemo.

Sarudzo dzehurumende nedzemunzvimbomo, kazhinji kazhinji dzinoitwa pamwe chete nezvisarudzo zvehurumende, dzinosarudza vatongi, vaiti vemitemo, vanameya, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru vane tapuro yakananga paupenyu hwevagari vemo hwezuva nezuva. Idzi nhau dzesarudzo dzakafanana negadziriro yedzidzo, mipimo, mitero, uye kuchengetwa kwomutemo izvo zvinobatwa zvikurukuru pamwero wenyika nomunzvimbomo. Kuvhota muidzi sarudzo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kwakaderera kupfuura musarudzo dzapurezidhendi, pasinei zvapo netapuro dzadzo dzazvo huru pakudzora uye mitemo.

Zvinetso uye Kuchinja Muchirongwa Chokusarudza

Gadziriro yesarudzo yeAmerica inotarisana nedenho dzinopfuurira uye gakava pamusoro pezvingada kuchinjwa. Nhau dzakadai semari yenhimbe, kuvhota, chengeteko yasarudzo, uye basa reElectoral College dzinoparira kurukurirano inokosha pakati pavagadziri vemitemo, nyanzvi, uye vagari vemo. Vadzori vakasiana - siana vanokarakadza chinjo dzakasiana - siana dzine vavariro yokuita sarudzo dzisvikire zvikuru, dzakachengeteka, dzakavimbika, uye mumiriri.

Kuwana Nokutora Rutivi

Vamwe vanotaura kuti zvinodikanwa zvikuru zviri madikanwa kudzivisa kubiridzira ndokuchengeta perero yesarudzo, nepo vamwe vachiomerera kuti matanho akadaro anoremedza nomutoo usingaenzaniswi mapoka akati uye anoderedza kutora kwapamutemo.

Nhamburiko dzokuwedzera kusvika kwomuvhoti dzinobatanidza kunyoresa kwokuvhota kwokuzvidira, nhambo dzokuvhota dzapakarepo, zvisarudzo zvepoto neposi, uye kuita kuti Zuva Rokusarudza rive zororo kana kuti kuriendesa kuvhiki. Zvikarakadzo izvi zvinovavarira kuderedza mhinganidzo dzokutora nokuwedzera, zvikurukuru pakati pamapoka anovhota munhau pamwero yakaderera. Dzikanyo pakati pokuvimbisa chengeteko yakasarudzwa nokuwedzera kutora rutivi inoramba iri dzvinyiriro huru mukurukurirano yemitemo yesarudzo.

Chengeteko Yechisarudzo Nokutendeseka

Vakuru vakuru vesarudzo vanoshanda kuti vadzivirire masangano okuvhota patyisidziro dzepaIndaneti, vave nechokwadi chokuti vhoti dzinova nechokwadi chokuti vaonekwe zvakarurama, uye vachengete chivimbo muvanhu mumigumisiro yokuvhota. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuchengetedza mapepa okunyoresa, kudzivirira michina yokuvhota kuti isachinja, kushandisa nzira dzakasimba dzokuongorora, uye kurovedza vashandi vanovhota kuti vatevere nzira dzakafanira kuitwa.

Vakuru vakuru vehurumende, masangano ehurumende, uye masangano ezvinobudisa nhau vanoshanda kuti vape mashoko akarurama pamusoro pokuti sarudzo dzinoitwa sei uye kupikisa nhau dzenhema dzingatadzisa kubatanidzwa kana kuti kubvisa migumisiro.

Kuchinja Kwevatungamiriri NevaCaucus

Gadziriro huru neyamacaucus imene yave ichidzorwa nenhamburiko dzokuchinja. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti gadziriro yazvino inopa pesvedzero hurusa kuhurumende dzapakuvamba dzakadai seIowa neNew Hampshire, idzo dzisiri mumiriri wechiverengero chavagari vemo worudzi rwacho rwose zvarwo. Vamwe vanokarakadza kuti idzokororerwei inotaura kuti inovhota pakutanga, kugadzira nzvimbo dzokugara, kana kuti kuva nezuva guru renyika kuti ipedze idzi nhau.

Makambai akatarisana zvikurukuru netsoropodzo nokuda kwemwero yakaderera yokutora rutivi nenhau dzokuwana. Kuzvipira kwenguva kunodikanwa kupinda caucus kunogona kubvisa vavhoti vane misengwa yebasa, mitoro yokutarisira vana, kana kuti urema. Dzimwe nyika dzakarega basa ramasarudzo makuru kuti dziwedzere kutora rutivi ndokuita kuti muitiro wacho uve unosvikika zvikuru kuvavhoti vose.

Basa Rezvinobudisa Mashoko Nezvoruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Muzvisarudzo Zvazvino Uno

Zviteshi zvemapepanhau uye zvekugadzira zvinhu zvakachinja maitiro evatsigiri uye magamuchiri anoitwa mashoko pamusoro pevanoda kuzoenda kuhondo nenhau.Mapepanhau, uye redhiyo zviri kuramba zvichiita mabasa anokosha, asi madhipatimendi akadai semakombiyuta, mapurogiramu enzanga, mapurogiramu enhau uye manyuko epaIndaneti azova chinhu chinokosha zvikuru pakukurukurirana kwezvematongerwe enyika.

Makambani anoshandisa zvinobudisa nhau kuti akurukure zvakananga nevavhoti, kudarika vachengeti vemagedhi ezvinobudisa nhau uye kudzora kutumira mashoko kwavo pachavo. Mabutiro aya anobvumira kuita kwokukurumidza kuzviitiko, kushambadzira kumapoka akati evagari vemo, uye kuronga uswa.

Kubatanidza nokutanhamara kuduku kwazova zvishandiso zvakaisvonaka munhimbe dzazvino uno, kuchibvumira vanoda kuzivisa vavhoti vanonyengetedzwa uye mashoko kuvateereri chaivo. Nepo idzi nzira dzichigona kuita kuti nhimbe dzive dzinobudirira zvikuru, dzinomutsawo itiro hanya dzakavanzika nemibvunzo pamusoro pokuti vavhoti vari kugamuchira mufananidzo wakakwana wenzvimbo dzavada kufunda kana kuti mashoko bedzi akagadzirirwa kufadza zvido zvavo chaizvo.

Kubatanidzwa Nokuumbwa Nebasa

Vavhoti vakanyatsoshongedzerwa kuti vaongorore vanoda kusarudzwa, vanzwisise kuti vhoti dzavo dzinomiririra sei, uye kuti vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vanozvidavirira sei.

Kupfuura kuvhota, vagari vemo vanogona kupinda mugadziriro yokuvhota kupfurikidza nezvimiro zvakasiyana - siyana zvokutora rutivi kubatanidza kuzvipira nokuda kwenhimbe, kupinda vamiririri vakasarudzwa, kusangana navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, uye kukurukura nhau dzezvamatongerwe enyika neshamwari nemhuri. iyi bvumirano hurusa yavanhu inosimbisa masangano ehurumende yedemocracy uye inovimbisa kuti hurumende inoramba ichigamuchira vanhu vainobatira.

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pomuitiro wesarudzo uye nzira yokutora nayo rutivi nayo, zviwanikwa zvizhinji zvinowanika. USA.gov Mitemo nejira peji zvinogovera mashoko akakwana pamusoro pekunyoresa, miitiro yokuvhota, uye misi yokuvhota. ... Commission reFoleration [ inopa mashoko ane udzame pamusoro pemitemo yemibato yezvirongwa. Masangano akafanana ne [[FLT:]] Gamea yeVakadzi [FLT] inogovera zvisarudzo zvisingatsigiri zvokuvhotera kubetsera vagari kuti vasaruki vasarutsi.

Kupedzisa: Kukosha Kwokunzwisisa Marongedzero Edemocratic Democratic

Gadziriro yesarudzo yeAmerica, kubva pamubato wenhimbe yapakuvamba zvikurusa kusvikira pazuva rokutsaurira, inomirira mutoo wakaoma asi unokosha wokudzora kwehurumende yedemocracy. Nepo gadziriro yacho yakashanduka nomutoo unokosha chifo chokutangwa kwenyika yacho uye inopfuurira kutarisana nezvinetso uye kuraira kuti chinjo ivepo, inoramba iri nzira huru iyo vagari vemo vanosarudza nayo vatungamiriri vavo ndokuumba nhungamiro yehurumende yavo.

Kunzwisisa rutivi rumwe norumwe rwemuitiro wesarudzo() kubva paprimillary nekaucuuse kupfurikidza nesarudzo yavose, Electoral College, uye kugadzwa kwe(_emontal] masimba okutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira zvikuru muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Iyi zivo inobetsera vavhoti kushandisa vhiringidziko dzegadziriro yacho, kuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva, uye kubatikana nenzira ine revo muupenyu hwevagari vemo kupfuura kungoisawo zvadzo.

Kusarudza kunoratidza mipimo inokosha yehurumende yegutsaruzhinji yeAmerica kusanganisira uchangamire hwakakurumbira, hurumende, uye kuchinjwa kworugare kwesimba.

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvarunochinja, kuwanda kwenhamba dzevanhu kunotanga, marongero okusarudza achapfuurira kugadziridza.Vagari vemo vanonzwisisa kuti tsika yacho inoshanda sei kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti kugadziridzwa uku kunosimbisa panzvimbo pokunetesa masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu. Nokutorawo mamwe mabasa okusarudza uye kuramba vachiziva nezvemashandiro akasarudzwa, vagari vemo vanoita mabasa avo munzanga inosarudzwa nevanhu uye vanobatsira kuti hurumende irambe ichizvidavirira kuvanhu.

Kana uri muvhoti wenguva yokutanga kana kuti mutori rutivi akarovedzana mumuitiro wevhoti, uchitora nguva kuti unzwisise kuti basa rokuvhota rinovandudza sei mano ako okuita kuti inzwi rako rinzwiwe ndokubetsera kumuitiro wedemokrase. Rwendo runobva pachiziviso chenhimbe yokutsaurira rungava rwakareba uye rwakaoma, asi runomirira muitiro unokosha uyo vaAmerica vanoshandisa nawo maruramiro avo okuzvidzora ndokuumba nguva yemberi yorudzi rwavo.