Gadziriro huru yesarudzo ichinhu chehwaro hwehurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji yeAmerica, inoshanda senzira iyo mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika anoisa nayo miganhu yawo yavada kusarudzwa. Nepo kazhinji kazhinji achifuratirwa navavhotiwo zvavo, vavhoti navanosarudza vanosarudza vanosarudza kuti ndiani anooneka panhau yechinhu chiri chose kubva pazvigaro zvedare rechikoro chomunzvimbomo kusvikira kuumonidhendi. Vadzidzi, vadzidzi, uye varonze vachaita vagari vemo, kunzwisisa uyu muitiro wakawanda ndiwo unokosha kuti murangariro wavose ushandurukirwe sei muzvikamu uye pakupedzisira udzore. Pasi apa pane udzame, kupfuudzira kuteverwa kwenhau huru, kubatanidza nhau yazvo, misianona, misiyano yaunotarisana nahwo mumavhotanhire.

Mavambo Nemhindumupindu Yezvisarudzo Zvokutanga

Masangano atinoaziva nhasi haana kuvapo mumakore apakuvamba eRepublic. Kuvambira muma 1790 kusvikira kumavambo e1900, vamanine vakasarudzwa mumisangano yapachivande yakavharwa neboka ravakuru vakuru — gadziriro inowanzonzi “contation". iyo yakapa simba guru rebato uye kazhinji kazhinji rakatungamirira kuushati negadziriro dzokudzorwa. Nhengedzero (inenge 1890 2920) yakanyandura kusundwa nokuda kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vazhinji, inotungamirira kunzira yokutanga yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Wisconsin yakagamuchira tsika yokutanga yokutanga muna 19031 pasi peGa Govern, uye na1920 masangano makuru enyika akanga akatevera. Zvisinei, gadziriro huru yeDD.Dhemocratic Conventionstions yeNyika dzose dzakatangwa senzira huru yehurumende ino.

Zvitsauko Nemifungo Zvinorevei?

Pamakwikwi okusarudza akapfava zvikuru, makwikwi makuru okusarudza mauri muvhoti ichasarudza muvhoti ichamirira muvhoti iri kuuya. Kusafanana nezvisarudzo zvavose, izvo zvakazarurirwa vavhoti vose vakanyoreswa, zvivako zvinodzorwa nemitemo yebato nemitemo yehurumende izvo zvinosarudza kuti ndiani akakodzera kutora rutivi. Mugumisiro wechikamu chikuru unogona kuva anosunga zvakananga — mukundi anozvitsiva — kana kuti mutungamiriri, nenhume dzakazonyora mavhota pakokorodzano. Kunzwisisa rudzi rukuru rwezvinokosha kunzvera kuti muitiro wacho zvirokwazvo ungava sei.

Mari Dzakavharwa

Muchikamu chikuru, vavhoti bedzi vakanyoreswa nebato rakati vangavhota muchinhu chikuru chebato iroro. Somuenzaniso, Democrat akanyoreswa haagoni kuvhota muRepublican, uye zvinopesana. Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti maprigatori anovhara anochengeta shoko rebato racho richiwirirana uye anodzivisa “vhota” — apo mitezo yebato rinoshora inoedza kukanganisa rumwe rutivi kupfurikidza nokuvhotera muvhotera wavanetesi. Vatsoropote vanotaura kuti primmmmrandmss anobvisa chivhotaro uye anosimbisa kuva pevorication. Iye zvino, kufanana neFlorida, Keydey, New York, uye Oregon inoshandisa mapritation nokuda kweriti imwe yebato guru.

Zvikwereti Zvakazaruka

Vavhoti vapavhurira kuti vapi navapi vanyorese kuti vatore rutivi mukunyoresa kukuru kwebato ripi neripi. Vavo vanofanira kusarudza chivhoti chomubato mumwe panzvimbo yokuvhota asi havadikanirwi kuzivisa kuti mubatanidzwa webato. Iyi gadziriro inoitirwa kusimbisa kutora rutivi ndokupa inzwi. Nyika dzine primeters dzinobatanidza Alabama, Georgia, Michigan, Texas, uye Wisconsin. Imwe ngozi iri “kuvhotera,” umo mitezo yebato rimwe rinovhota mubato mukuru kuti ripedze muuyo wacho — kunyange zvazvo fundo dzichikarakadza kuti ikoku kunowanzoitika mumuitiro.

Semi-Bhaundi

Semi-ocled primiry (dzimwe nguva inonzi “maprimed”) inobvumira kuti vavhoti vasarudze kuti ibato ripi ravanoshuva kuvhota, asi mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa yakaganhurirwa kubato ravo vamene. Iyi gadziriro inoganhurirwa mukuvadziko nemhesano nepati. Mitemo inovhura miganhu yakafanana asi ingada kuti vavhoteredzeri vebato pazuva rokuvhota. United States yakadai seIllinois, New Hampshire, uye North Carolina ishandise misiano misiyano yeidzo iyi mifananidzo. Kutaura chaiko kunogona kuvhiringidza, sokushandisa kwakasiana-mazita akasiana; nokuda kwoudzaro hunokudzwa, kubvunza [FLD] Hurumende yeSGractaltures]

Kukosha Kwemhosva Mugadziriro Yehurumende

Vaparidzi vanopfuura zvikuru kuva netapuro dzinodzorwa nenzvimbo dzose dzezvamatongerwe enyika; vanoumba mhoteredzo yose. Kupfurikidza nokubvumira mitezo yeboka yenzvimbo nefaira kuti isarudze zvikamu zvavo zvemupimo, zvivako zvinovimbisa kuti vanokwikwidza vanozvidavirira kunzvimbo yavo panzvimbo poga yoga. Iyi pesvedzero dzepesvedzero dzemubato dzemapati — vadaviri vanowana zvibvumirano zvenzvimbo dzinofambira mberi kana kuti zvetsika kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanokweva nezvitendero zvavo mumativi iwayo. Kupfuurirazve, mapuraneti anobatira somuitiro unotsiva: vanopukunyuka kupisa kwechikamu chikuru chinokwikwikwidzana kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vakagadzirira zviri nani nokuda kwenhimbe dzezvirongwa zvehurumende. Muitiro mukuru unodawo kubatanidzwa, zvikurukuru pakati pevaduku vanganzwa vakasununguka vakasununguka kubva mumativi enyika. Panzvimbo dzinochinja zvikuru, kazhinji muzviratidzo zvikuru munhevedzano nokusarudzwa.

Kuputsika Nhano Nenhano Kwemuitiro Wechisarudzo Chikuru

Matanho anotevera anogovera gadziriro yakajeka yokunzwisisa kutenderera kwose kwekusarudza kwacho.

Nhano 1: Kuzivisa Kwomutambo Nokuvirima

Muitiro wacho unovamba apo vanhu vanozivisa nenzira yapamutemo kuva kwavo vakatendeseka nokuda kwebasa rakati. Iyi ziviso inogona kuva iri nyore sechinobudisa kana kuti sechirongwa sokuisa rugwaro rwokusarudza kwevhoti. Vanofanira kusvitsa zvinodikanwa zvakasiyana- siyana: zera navagari, kubhadharwa kwerikwereti (rinogona kuvambira pamazana mashomanene emadhora ehurumende nokuda kwezviuru zvenzvimbo yehurumende yose), uye kuzviisa pasi penhamba inodikanwa yenhamba yezvibvumirano kubva kuvhotisiti yakanyoreswa. Somuenzaniso, mutengi weimba muCalifornia anofanira kubhadhara mari inobhadharwa ye $6,72 (idzodzo yokuchinja) kana kuti kusaidze chibvumirano chemari nokuda kwemari inobhadharwa. dare rehurumende reFFoclation (FC) rinorairawo nhamba inodikanwa kuva revhostries anyorerwa kuhofisi uye kuzivisa zvinyorwa zvapanguva dzose. Muteshinanwa wedare rinositi anositororo wakati nemazuva 30 anenge anenge anenge anenge anenge abudiswa nedare. [F]

Nhano 2: Kushingaira Nokuwedzera

Vachingoziviswa, vanokwikwidzana vanopinda mudanho guru rokutsigira. Mumatongerwe enyika azvino uno, izvi zvinobatanidza muvhenganiswa wemiitiro yegamuchidzanwa nemiitiro: kuvhenganiswa kwesuo nesuo, horo dzetaundi, nharo dzematepi, kubvunzurudza kweredhiyo, kushambadza kwemasangano avanhu, uye tsamba dzakananga. Madanho anokwikwikwiwo nokuda kwokutsigira nhamba dzine mukurumbira, masangano, uye mapoka ezvidzidzo. Vanoda kukwidziridza mari yokubhadhara vashandi, kushambadza, uye kufamba. 20202020 yeDhemocratic vanoona mazana emamirioni e $. Chikamu ichi chinogona kupfuurira kupfuudza gore rimwe chete. Kukwidzwa nokupfuudza kwezviteshina kwemapepanhau kubvumira kuenzanisa nhau, uye kufumura nokupfuudza kazhinji kazhinji kushambadza kushambadza nokuda kwokuzivikanwa zvikuru nokuda kwemari inopfumisa bhiri. Nokuda kwemabhiziro yemabhiziro retsori.

Nhano 3: Kuzivisa Mitoo Nekuwana Kwebharuti

Pazuva rokutanga rakagadzwa (kana kuti mazuva, nokuda kwehurumende nokuvhota kwakarebeswa kwapakuvamba), vavhoti vakanyoreswa vakakanda mavhoti avo.

  • Kuvhota pazuva resarudzo: Vavhoti vanoenda kunzvimbo dzokuvhota, chiratidzo chiripo (chinotsamira pamitemo yeiniti), uye chiratidzo chevhoti. Dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisa mapepa, dzimwe dzinoshandisa michina yemagetsi yokuvhota.
  • Kuvhota kwapakuvamba: Nyika zhinji dzinopa kuvhota kwapakuvamba kwamazuva kana kuti mavhiki zuva guru rapamutemo risati rasvika, kuchiwedzera nedzinoderedza mitsetse.
  • Accoree neposi muvhota: Mavoter anogona kukumbira bharoti yokushaikwa (nechikonzero chipi nechipi, kana kuti bedzi nepembedzo, kuchitsamira pamutemo wehurumende) ndokuidzorera netsamba kana kuti nebhokisi rokudonhedza. Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seOregon, Washington, uye Colorado, dzinoitisa matrisi anodokudokudokungo ose netsamba.
  • Kunyoresa kwezuva reSame: Nhamba iri kuwedzera yenyika inobvumira vavhoti kunyoresa kana kuti kuchinja nhengo dzebato pazuva rokutanga — izvi zvinogona kuwedzera zvikuru kuwanda kwevaduku nevanotakurwa.

Ballot inorongawo nhau: dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisa murobhoti mumwe chete unoronga vadaviri vose vanobva mumapati ose (anonzi “jungle " kana kuti“ blankte subridge”), nepo vamwe vachishandisa mhaka yedare rapamusoro reU. Calinia Democratic Party v. Jones [2000]) akarova jira guru serinoputsa kodzero dzeboka, asi “pamusoro-2” risiri repapatiti (ri kushandiswa muCalifornia, Washington, uye Nebraska) ipamutemo nemhaka yokuti vanobvumira vose vanoda kuoneka pabhorasikuru, nenzvimbo mbiri dzinosvika pamusoro pebato.

Nhano 4: Kuverenga Majee Nokutenderera

Pashure pokunge vavhota vapedza, vakuru vakuru vevhoti vanowana mavhoti. Nokuda kwehurumende ne50%, muvhoti zhinjisa anowana mubatanidzwa wacho zvakananga, chero bedzi vanogamuchira kuwanda (kazhinji kazhinji voruzhinji munyika dzakati). Kana kusimuka kuchida — zvikurukuru apo pasina mutengi anosvika pachikumbaridzo chakajeka, zvakadai sa40% kana kuti 50% — vapedzi vaviri vanokwikwikwidza muvhiki duku shomanene gare gare gare. Kumhanya kworuvakwa kunozivikanwa munyika dzokumaodzanyemba saGeorgia, Louisiana, Texas, uye Arkans nokuda kwehurumende uye mijaho. Migumisiro inorumbidzwa inorumbidzwa nedare rehurumende pashure penhambo yenhambo yevhoterano yenhau dzinobatanidza kunzvera nokuchekerera. Muitiro unogadzirirwa kuvimbisa kururama. Kunyange zvazvo kupesana kwapamhotesa mune mabhiri 2020 muino anoteverwa muNew York York — kunonoka kumhanya kwemikoro.

Danho 5: Tumirai Kunzvimbo Dzinotumirwa Kunzvimbo Dzakashandwa uye Kokorodzano Dzorudzi

Vanoda kukwikwidzana nokuda kwenhume dzichavapa mukurumbira pakokorodzano yenyika yebato. Kugovera vamiririri mitemo yakaoma uye yakasiyana zvikuru pakati pemapati eDhemocratic neRepublica.

  • Party yeDemocratic : Vamiriri vanopiwa pahwaro hwakavakirwa parusarudzo rukuru, nechibhadharo chinoda 15% chevhoti munyika kuti vagamuchire nhume dzipi nedzipi. Kunewo “vatungamiriri vebato navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa — avo vasina kudzivirirwa uye vanogona kutsigira muvhoti ipi neipi. Kubvira muna 2020, mabhoti makurusa ebhindi haasati aisirwa pabhoti yokutanga kutoti yakatosarudzwa.
  • Republican Party: Chipo cheVamiriri chinosiana nehurumende: vamwe vanoshandisa kukunda-vose (muwisi anowana vhoti yose yehurumende anowana nhume dzose), vamwe vanoshandisa maratidziro akasainwa kana kuti muvhenganiswa. RNC haina mawindi epamusoro, asi vanhu vehurumende vangava nenhume dzisina kubviswa.

Mukokorodzano dzazvino uno, mugumisiro wacho unowanzozivikanwa pachine nguva mberi, asi kokorodzano dzinoramba dzinokosha nokuda kwokubatana kwebato, kugamuchirwa kwenzvimbo yakakwirira, uye kunyandura simba rezvinobudisa nhau muchisarudzo chikuru.

Mazambiringa anochinja: Chii chiri musiano?

Kunyange zvazvo mashoko anowanzoshandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana, maprimmic namacoucuse ari maitiro akasiana. Chikuru chinobatanidza kurukurirano dzeboka dzakajeka, apo vavhoti vanovhota nzvimbo dzakavanzika panhambo yakatarwa. Vanenge vari vazhinji nguva yokuvhota uye vanowanzokwezva vatori vemo vezvamatongerwe enyika. Somuuyo, macoucs akashorwa nokuda kwemitengo yakaderera yokutora nokuvhota pachena. Mune 2020, vaDemocratic concus vamirist, uye kunonotsa kuti nyika dzakawanda dziende kunzvimbo dzinofamba. Nhasi, havawanzokwezva vapindi vazhinji vanowana mune zvematongerwe enyika. Semuuyo, mapoka akashorwa nokuda kwenhau dzose dziri mbiri. [mus]

Zvinetso Netsoropodzo Zvetsika Huru

Pasinei zvapo nezvido zvaro zvokutonga zvoutongi, basa guru rokusarudza rinotarisana nezvinetso zvikuru zvinogona kuderedza kuva kwaro repamutemo nokubudirira.

Muchina Wakaderera

Kuvhota kwapashure kwakaderera zvikuru munhau kupfuura kuvhota kwavose. Mu 2022 pakati penguva dzamavhoti, inenge 20% bedzi yavavhoti vakakodzera vakatora rutivi, zvichienzaniswa na 46% murusarudzo. Kuvhota kunoreva kuti mutengi muduku, kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru wepfungwa dzevavhoti unosarudza vamine. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kuvada kunyanyisa zvikuru kupfuura vavhotera vose, chinoitika chinozivikanwa se “porimacale.".” Nhamburiko dzokuwedzera, dzakadai sokunyoresa kwevota uye vavhotera vetsamba vese, dzakaratidza chipikirwa asi dzakaitwa nenzira isina kufanira.

Kuodzwa Mwoyo Nezvigadzirwa Zvisingadzorwi

Mumaruwa akavharwa, vavhoti vasina kunyoreswa nebato guru — vanenge 40% yavanoziviswa sevanozvimirira, mukuwirirana neGallup — vanovharwa nenzira inobudirira mumuitiro wokubvisa. Ikoku kunogona kubvisa chikamu chikuru chevhotaro nekusimbisa paradzano. Dzimwe nyika dzakapindura kupfurikidza nokubvumira vanhu vakazvimirira kutora rutivi mugadziriro dzinovharwa, asi gakava pamusoro pe “upo.” rinoramba riri nhau huru yomuitiro.

Pesvedzero Yemari Nezvinobudisa Nhau

Kuwanira mari mudzimba dzechimurenga kunogona kuparira kusawirirana kukuru. Vanoda kuzviita kana kuti avo vane mabhiriyoni avanopa vanogona kudzora maPUWAve nesangano, nepo midzi youswa ichiedza kunzwiwa. Dare Gurusa redare Chibitaisens United[[FL:1] chisarudzo [2010] chakazarura suo kumari isina kuganhurirwa inoshandiswa nePACIC, iyo inowanzovanza miuyo yokudzosa. Media inokombamirawo kuda dare rapamberi, ichiita kuti vatungamiriri vapangurire vatsvaki vapakuvamba vagamuchire ngwariro inodokuva isingabviri nokuda kwokupunzika nokupunzika. “iyi trammasting trams transmist.

Kudzvinyirirwa Nemhinganidzo Dzokuwana

Mitemo yeID yakaganhurirwa, maawa okuvhota, uye kuvharwa kwenzvimbo dzokuvhota munharaunda duku zvikuru zvinotapura zvikuru kutora rutivi. Brennan Center yeRuramisiro yakasimbisa kuti mhinganidzo dzakadaro dzinoderedza sei, zvikurukuru pakati pepwere nevoka vashoma. Mukuwedzera, kuwanda kwe “majekiseni ezvizvarwa zvemhuka” — apo mubati akatowana kuvhota pamberi pezvikamu zvizhinji zvehurumende — inogona kutungamirira kukusakendengamura pamutemo uye pfungwa iyo vhoti yomunhu isingakodzeri chinhu.

Mugumisiro: Kuwedzera Kunoita Mari Yemhosva Kunoramba Kuchiitika

Gadziriro huru yokusarudza, nokuda kwemhatsa yayo yose nezvikanganiso, inoramba iri shongwe inokosha yegadziriro yezvisarudzo zveAmerica. Inoshandura kuda kwemitezo yebato kuva zvisarudzo zvekotsekanwo, inopinza uswa, uye inoita kuti vadaviri vazvidavire kare pamberi pesarudzo yavose. Vadzidzisi navadzidzi, vachibatanidzwa nesarudzo huru vanopa chidzidzo chakananga muvagari vemo, kumirira, uye ukoshi hwokutora rutivi. Sezvo nzvimbo dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinochinja — nedanidzo dzoukurusaro, uye purofiti yemari inozamura, uye kugadziridza bhizimisi — kunzwisisa vagari vezvigaro zvehurumende kusimbisa gadziriro inova inowanika mumitengi inopfuurira zvikuru uye inomirira. Kana uri muvhoti wokutanga kana kuti muchereketi wezvamatongerwe enyika, kutora nguva yako kuti udzidze uye kubatanidzwa mune chimwe chinhu chamagariro mukuru mune imwe yenyika yako.