Kutanga: Basa Revemari yeAustralia Mukusagadzikana Kwezvemari

Hurumende yeAustralia ndiyo shongwe huru yezvoupfumi, inoshanda nokuchengetedza utano hwemari yenyika. Pakati pemitoro yayo yakakomba zvikurusa kutarisirwa kwokukwira kwemitengo nokuchengetedzwa kwemitengo. Iri basa harisi basa rokungori rokudzidza chete (inotapura zvakananga simba rokutenga remhuri, zvisarudzo zvemari zvemabhizimisi, uye kugadzirwa kwemari. Nokuchengeta mutengo wakatsiga, shopu inobetsera kuparira kufanoziva upfumi, kubvumira vatengi navatengi kuronga nguva yemberi nechivimbo. Nyaya ino inonzvera masvikiro everi, zvishandiro, zvishandiso, uye zvinetso zvayo zvinotarisana nokuchinja kwapasi nokukurumidza.

Chitsigo chamari kazhinji kazhinji chinorondedzerwa semitengo yakaderera neyakadzika zvikuru. Apo kukwira kwemitengo kunenge kwakakwirira, kunobvisa mari chaiyoiyo nemari inochengetwa, zvikurukuru nokuda kweiyo iri pamari inotambira yakarongwa. Kana yakanyanyoderera kana kuti yakashata, inogona kutungamirira kukuderedza kudhura nokuderera kwemari. Basa revezvemari, mukusanobatana neReserve Bank yeAustralia (RBA), rinovavarira kuchengeta kukwira kwemipimo mumutsetse unotsigirwa nokukura. Ikoku kunobatanidza muvhenganiswa wakaoma wemiitiro, nhevedzano, uye mberi.

Kunzwisisa Kukwira Kwemari Nokushanda Kwayo Paupfumi

Kukwira kwemitengo ndiwo mwero wemitengo yose yezvinhu namabasa zvinokwira nokufamba kwenguva, zvichitungamirira kukuderera kwesimba rokutenga mari. Nepo kukwira kwemitengo kuri chinhu chenguva dzose chemari iri kukura (kazhinji kazhinji mu 2-3%) kukwira kwemitengo kunogona kuparira kushatisa kwemari. Somuenzaniso, kukwira kwemitengo kunokurudzira kuderera kwezvinhu, kuisa mari mumari, uye kunogona kutungamirira kukukwira kwemitengo uko mitengo nemibhadharo zvinokwira. Nenzira yakapesana, kuderera, kana kuti mitengo inoderera, inogona kuparira vatengi kunonoka kutenga nokukarira kushairira mberi kwemitengo, kuderera kushambadzwa, kuderera, kugadzirwa, uye kuderera kushata basa.

Bheni reTreaundi neRBA zvinoshandisa basa rokuisa chirongwa chokukwira nokukwira kwemitengo kukariro. Chifo chave chiri chokuchengeta kukwira kwemitengo pakati pe 2-3% pamusoro peshoko remisimu. Ichi chipfuro chinogovera chiratidzo chakajeka nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvemari nemitemo yemari. Basa revevezvemari nderokuvimbisa kuti mutemo wemari utsausei. Hurumende inoshandisa mari nemitero yemitero / $88 haisi kusekesa ichipfuudzira chiteshi, nepo kutsigirawo kukura kwemari nebasa. Somuenzaniso, kana kukwira kwemitengo iri kukwira nokukurumidza zvikuru, seinoderedza kushambadza kana kuti kuderera kwemitero.

Chitsigo chamari hachisi mugumo machiri chimene asi mutoo wokuwana nawo zvinangwa zvikuru zvemari: kukura kunochengetwa, kushaya mabasa kwakaderera, uye dzikamo yemari. Kana mitengo yakadzikama, mabhizimisi anogona kuita zvisarudzo zvenguva refu zvokuisa mari nechivimbo, vashandi vanogona kukurukura mibayiro inochengeta mari yavo chaiyoiyo, uye vanochengetedza vanogona kuronga nokuda kwokurega basa pasina kutya kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo inotengwa. Kuzvipira kwevemari kuiyi vavariro kunoratidzirwa mukunzvera kwavo kunopfuurira kwemitengo yemari, kubatanidza Consumer Price Index (CI), Ricioser Index, uye mwero mikuru yokukwira kwemari.

Zvirongwa Zvevemari Zvokutarisira Kukwira Kwemari

Hurumende yeAustralia inoshandisa urongwa huzhinji hwokudzora kukwira kwemitengo uye kusimudzira dzikamo yemutengo. Ikoku kunobatanidza kusanobatira pamwe neReserve Bank yeAustralia, kudzorwa kwokungwarira kwemiitiro yemari, uye kuongororwa kukuru kwezviratidzo zvemari. Zvikamu zvinotevera zvino udzame urongwa uhwu.

Kubvumira Mitemo Yemasangano Enyika

Bhetiri rinoshanda neRBA, iyo inogadza muitiro wemari kupfurikidza negadziridzo dzemari kumwero wemari wapamutemo. Basa revezvokushanda pamwero uyu nderokupa kunzvera kwemari neratidziro, pamwe chete nokuva nechokwadi chokuti muitiro wemari unowirirana nechimiro chemari yakafara. Somuenzaniso, mukati medenda reCHOVAD-19, Veki vakatsigira muitiro wemari wekuwedzera kupfurikidza nesundo huru, kubatanidza Jobho Sonder nendyiko yehurumende yakawedzerwa, kudzivisa kushaikwa nokutsigirwa. Nhando dzekukwira nokukwira kwemari kwakakwirira.

Iyi tsinhirano inorongwa kupfurikidza nemisangano yenguva dzose pakati pavakuru vakuru veTreasurel nemitezo yeRBA , pamwe chete nokupfurikidza nezvinyorwa zvinobatanidzwa zvakadai se trategy neOutlook. Konquta yemari inogoverawo mubatanidzwa wezvisarudzo zvemari kupfurikidza noMunyori weTream, uyo ari mutezo weRBA Board. Ikoku kunovimbisa kuti mitemo yemari nedzemari hazvishandi pamadonzo apakati peRBA.

Kuyera Kunoita Zvemari

Gadziriro yeFiscal chishandiso chine simba chokupesvedzera chinodikanwa chakapararira uye nenzira iyoyo kukwira kwemitengo. Hurumende inoshandisa mari yehurumende nemitero kunyandura kana kuti zvimwe kutonhodza upfumi. Mukati mekuderera kwemari, muitiro wekuwedzera kwemitero yakadai sokuderedza kana kuti kuwedzerwa kwemari inotengwa nejekiseni. Yakadai sokuderedza kudiwa kwemitero uye kudzivirira kuderera kwemitengo. Mukupesana, mukati menhambo dzemitengo, muitiro wemitengo yemitero yemitengo. yakaita seinoderedza kutengwa kwehurumende kana kuti kukwidza mitero.

Muenzaniso mukuru kushandiswa kwevezvokudzora zvinhu zvinongoshanda, zvakadai semwero yemitero inofambira mberi nebetsero dzourovha, izvo zvinogadziridza nenzira yomuzvarirwo nenhambo yezvemari. Somuenzaniso, apo upfumi huri kuwedzera zvakasimba uye kukwira kwemitengo kuri kuwedzera, mari yemitero yakakwirira inobva kumari yawedzerwa inobetsera kuderedza kudikanwa kwemiitiro yemitemo inojeka. Nenzira inopesana, pakuderera kwemitero, mari yemitero yakaderera uye kudyira zvakanaka zvinopa simba. Kondira yemari inoitawo zviteshi zvechisarudzo chemari, zvakadai sokuderera kwechinguvana mupeturo mu2022, kuderedza dzvinyiriro dzemari dzinobva mumitengo yesimba.

Kuongorora Nokufungidzira Zviratidzo Zvemari

Treasureri inochengeta gadziriro yokunzvera yakaoma kuronda kukwira kwemitengo nezvimwe zviratidzo zvikuru zvemari. Ikoku kunobatanidza kunzvera kukwira kwemitengo yemari (CPI), mipimo yakakomba yokukwira kwemitengo (yakadai seyakachekererwa neyakaremedwa), kukura kwemitengo, mitauro yebasa, uye miitiro yemari yamarudzi ose. Kota yemari inobudisa migadziro yenguva dzose yemari, kubatanidza Economic Out [ ne [[FLD]]

Uku kudeya kutaura kwakakomba nokuda kwokuzivisa zvisarudzo zvemiitiro. Somuenzaniso, kana gadziriro yemienzaniso yeTreasure yemitengo iyo ichapfuura chipfuro chapachipfuro nemhaka yeboka rezvishamiso kana kuti chinodikanwa chakasimba, Treasureri inogona kuraira gadziridzo dzinotemwa. Komishinari inobatirawo pamwe navamwe vamiriri vehurumende, kufanana neAustralian Bureautsty of Statistics, kuvandudza kunaka kwemipimo yemari nenguva. Uku kurangarira kwakavakirwa paufakazi kunovimbisa kuti kuita kwomuitiro kunogadziriswa uye kunoshanda.

Zvishandiso Zvakashandiswa Nevemari Kuchengeta Mubayiro Wakachengeteka

Tsamba yeNzvimbo yeMari ine mativi adzo anoshandiswa, mazhinji awo anoshandiswa pamwe chete nematurusi ezvemari anoshandiswa neRBA.

Mwero Wefariro Nekubatana

Nepo RBA ichigadza mwero wemari yapamutemo, zvisarudzo zvemiitiro yeTreasureal zvinogona kukudza kana kuti kutsiva miuyo yomuitiro wemari. Somuenzaniso, kana RBA ikawedzera mwero yemubereko kuderedza kukwira kwemitengo, Treasur ingaderedza panguva imwe cheteyo ndyiko dzehurumende kudzivisa zviratidzo zvinopesana. Chitsama chechikwereti cheTreasure yechikwereti nendyiko yokukwereta chinodzorwawo nekariro dzemitengo yemari, iyo inotapurawo ndyiko yechikwereti chehurumende. Kupfurikidza nokuchengeta nzvimbo yegudzanzwi, Trenda inobetsera kuvimbisa kuti muitiro wemari weRBA ishavo inoshanda.

Dare rinotarisirawo purogiramu yechikwereti chehurumende. Mukati menhambo dzemitengo mikuru, Treasurence ingapa zvisungo zvechitsaro chipfupi kuderedza ngozi yemubereko, kana kuti kugadziridza chikwereti kuti chidzore kuderera kwemisika. Uku kubatana kunokosha kuti ichengetedze dzikamo yemari.

Kuwedzera Kwezvirongwa Zvokushandisa Mari

2-3% chipfuro chemitengo yokukwira kwemitengo ndiyo faundesheni yemiitiro yemari yeAustralia. Treasurer inotsigira ichi chipfuro kupfurikidza nemitemo yayo yemitero yemari negadziriro dzokutamisirwa. Somuenzaniso, mutero weTreasurer negadziriro dzokutangisa zvakarongedzerwa kuva zvisina kusivirira panhambo yemitengo, naizvozvo hazvigoveri kukwira kwemitengo. Kondirasi inoshandawo pamitengo yezvokunatsinhando yokuvandudza miuyo, inogona kubetsera kuchengeta mitengo yakatsiga. Kutanga kwakadai somuitiro wamakwikwidzano, kubvisa gwehena, uye mutengo wemitengo mumitengo zvose kunonangidzira mutengo pakuderedza mutengo nokuwedzera simba remari kuti iwedzere pasina kukwira kwemiteshi.

Basa revezvokukwira kwemitengo rinobatanidzawo kukurukura mufungo uri seri kwezvisarudzo zvemiitiro. Kupfurikidza nokutsanangura kuti muitiro wetsika unowirirana sei nechinoiswa pakukwira kwemitengo, shopu inobetsera kumisa kariro dzavose, idzo dziri chinhu chikuru chinodzivisa kukwira kwemitengo chaiyoiyo. Irworwu rutivi rwegadziriro hurusa yokuona nokuzvidavirira.

Kugadziridza Mari Yehurumende Nemitero

Treasurey ine udzori hunokosha pamusoro pemari inorongwa yehurumende, iyo inopesvedzera zvakananga chinodikanwa chapashure pechiporeso. Somuenzaniso, mukati mekunaya kwemari, Treasurer yakaita nhevedzano yemipimo yokushandisa yakarongerwa, yakadai se Gadziriro Yokuwedzera Yakazara yemari [ nepurogiramu yeHome Bonga, kunyandura chinodikanwa pasina kunyanyovandudza mari. Iyi nhano dzakasanorongwa kukwaniriswa kukwanisira mari yeRBA.

Somuenzaniso, kuderedza mitero pakuderera kwemari inoshandiswa kuderedza mari inoraswa, neyakawanda uye inogonawo kushandisa mari yemari kuti ive shoma.

Tsika Dzokutungamirira uye Dzokuvaka

Kupfuura kutarisirwa kwenhambo pfupi, Treasurer inoshandisa mitemo yegadziriro yegadziriro kuvandudza kusimba kwemari kukukwira kwemitengo. Ikoku kunobatanidza chinjo kumisika yebasa, misika yesimba, uye kugoverwa kwedzimba (zvose zvinogona kutapura kuterama kwemitengo. Somuenzaniso, muitiro weTreasurence yeTreasurence [] zvinangwa zvokuwedzera simba remisika nemitengo yakaderera nokuda kwevatengi. Nenzira yakafanana, zvirongwa zvokuwedzera kugoverwa kwedzimba zvinogona kubetsera kudzora kukwira kwemari, uko kuri rutivi rukuru rweCPI.

Treasureri inobatanidzawo mubatira pamwe yamarudzi ose mumibato yakafanana neG20 neOECD kuti itarisire dzvinyiriro dzenyika yose dzemitengo, dzakadai sedzongonyedzo yenhevedzano nemutengo wezvinhu. Kupfurikidza nokusimudzira kutengeserana kwakadzikama kwamarudzi ose nokuchengetedzwa kwemari, Treasury inobetsera kuderedza kukwira kwemitengo kunotengwa.

Nhoroondo uye Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvakaitika

Mutoo weAustralia kukutarisirwa kwokukwira kwemitengo wakavapo kwamakumi amakore. Muma1970 na 1980, nyika yakawana kukwira kwapasi kukuru nokusingachinjiki, ichikwira napamusoro pe 17% mukuvamba kwama 1980. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukugamuchirwa kwokukwira kwemitengo mukuvamba kwama1990, pakutanga nenzira yamasanga uye ipapo nenzira yapamutemo neRBA. Bheni rakaita basa guru mukuchinja uku kupfurikidza nokusimbisa chirango chemari uye kutsigira kuzvimirira kwebhangi rapakati.

Mukati ma1990, ngwariro yeTreasurey yemari yakachengetwa necheteko yechikwereti yakabetsera kuchengeta kuderera kwemitengo. Nguva inovambira muna 1993 kusvikira kuna 2007 yakazivikanwa se "Great Moritive," ine kukura kwakatsiga uye kuderera. Global Financial Crisis yeSayensitical ya2008-09 yaida kubatanidzwa uye kurudziro yemari, iyo Bhenija rakakwanisa kudzora nokushandiswa kwakarongwa uye kutemwa kwomutero. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, denda reCHOVAD rakava rakava nerefuti risina muenzaniso, richiteverwa nokukwira kukuru kwokukwira kukuru kubva muna 2021 zvichienda mberi. Treshi yeTSD yakabatanidza kubviswa zvishoma nezvishoma kwechimbiso nechitsigiro cheRBA.

Nhoroondo idzi dzinosimbisa magadzirisiro eTreasurey. Njodzi imwe neimwe yakagovera zvidzidzo zvakavandudza nzira dzayo, zvakadai sokukosha kwezvitanho zvinokurumidza kunyorwa, ngozi dzekusashanda kwemitemo, uye kudikanwa kwekurukurirano yakajeka.

Matambudziko Nemaonero Achaitwa Nguva Yemberi

Sangano rezvemari rokuAustralia rinotarisana nematambudziko anoverengeka anoda kuti pave nemafungiro matsva uye mitemo yakasimba.

Kusanyatsoziva Mari Munyika Yose

Nyika yose inopa ungwandangwanda, kusawirirana kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye mutengo zvinokatyamadza zvidzokororo zvinodzokororwa zvemitengo yemitengo. Treasury inofanira kushanda navakwanyina vamarudzi ose kuderedza idzi ngozi. Somuenzaniso, hondo muUkraine nezvirango muRussia zvakatungamirira kukuwanda kwesimba nemitengo yezvokudya, izvo zvakaparira kukwira kwamari kwemari yomumba. Nenzira yakafanana, kunaya kwepashure pechipo kwakaratidzwa nezvinoiswa mubhotoro, izvo Bhekicha yakakurukura kupfurikidza namatanho akarongwa, zvakadai semari yokugadzirwa kwemitengo yomumba.

Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunoparirawo ngozi itsva. Zviitiko zvemamiriro okunze zvakanyanyisa zvinogona kudzongonyedza kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa, kukuvadzwa kwemarongerwo enzvimbo, uye kuwedzera mutengo wesimba. Tsime yeTende inobatanidza kutsigira kuchinja kumari ine macarbon mashoma kupfurikidza nokuisa mari yegirini necarbon primegrafini, izvo zvinogona kubetsera kudzikamisa kariro dzenguva refu.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Ezvinhu Muupfumi

Kufambira mberi kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, kwakadai sokuzvishandisa nokuderedza mari, kune miuyo yokuderedza kuderera kwendyiko, asi kunoparirawo zvinetso. Imba yeMari inofanira kudzora iyi chinjo kudzivisa nhambo dzokushaikwa kwamabasa kwakakwirira nokuderera. Kupfuurirazve, chiverengero chavagari vemo vakwegura muAustralia chichaisa dzvinyiriro pakushandiswa kwehurumende pautano nepenjeni, izvo zvingagona kuva zvinoderedza mutengo kana zvikasatevedzerwa nokukura kwemitengo. Mishumo yezvero yemisi yemisi yegore nenhambo yenguva refu yebasa kurangarira iyi yokuvaka.

Kuwirirana Kwemitemo Nokukurukurirana

Kutarisirwa kwokukwira kwemitengo kunoshanda kunoda kubatira pamwe kusina mubatanidzwa pakati pemari nezviremera zvemari. Zvisinei, panogona kuva nekakavadzano pakati pevavariro dzezvematongerwe enyika dzenhambo pfupi nedzikamo yemutengo murefu. Venda inofanira kuchengeta kuvimbika kwayo nokuzvimirira kuti idzivise dzvinyiriro nokuda kwemiitiro yokuwedzera zvikuru. Kuwedzera, kurukurirano navanhu inokosha. Dare rinobudisa rondedzero dzine udzame dzemari nemirau kuti ribetsere kariro ndokuvaka chivimbo.

Kutarira mberi, Treasurey sezvingabvira ichashandisa unyanzvi hunoshanda zvikuru hwokugadzira, zvakadai sokushandisa mashoko chaiwoiwo enguva nedzidzo yemichina, kuvandudza ururami hwokudeya kutaura. Ichadawo kubatanidza mugariro wokunze nerangariro dzemari mumienzaniso yayo mikuru. Nguva yemberi yokutarisira kukwira kwemitengo ichada mutoo wokuda kutarisirwa nezvinochinja zvokugoverwa, batira pamwe yamarudzi ose nezvinotanhamariswa zvemhuri, uye denho dzapakarepo nezvinochengetwa kwenguva refu.

Mugumisiro: Kuchengetedza Mutengo Usingakuvadzi Munyika Inochinja

Kubata kweTreasurey yokutarisira kukwira kwemitengo nedzikamo yemutengo kwakawanda, kunochinjika, uye kwakavakirwa muufakazi. Kupfurikidza nokusanobatana neReserve Bank, kushandiswa kwokuchenjera kwemiitiro yemari, uye kuongororwa kunopfuurira kwezviratidziro zvemari, Treasue inotsvaka kuchengeta chipfuro chemari yave ichibatira Australia zvakanaka kwamakumi matatu amakore. Nepo denho dzakadai sekatyamadzo dzenyika yose, chinjo dzezvivako, uye miraudzo yemiitiro inopfuurira, mano eCenzati yokudzidza kubva munguva yakapfuura uye kutsvaira nokuda kwenguva yemberi icharamba ichibudirira mukuraira kwayo.

Chitsigo chamari hachisi chinhu bedzi chinoshandiswa neunyanzvi(icho inheyo yebudiriro yemari, wirirano yenzanga, uye chengeteko yemari. Basa reHofisi yemari rinovimbisa kuti vanhu veAustralia vanogona kuronga, kuisa mari, uye kupedza nechivimbo, kunyange munguva dzisina chokwadi. Sezvo ngozi itsva dzinobuda, kubva kuchinjo yemamiriro okunze kusvika kumitengo yechiverengero chavagari vemo, kuzvipira kwevemari kukujeka, kuchinjika, uye kunzvera kwokungwarira zvichava chinhu chikuru kukutsigira chengeteko nokusimba, kukura kusingachinjiki.