Kunzwisisa Chivako chaPurezidhendi Chehofisi

Mhiko yapurezidhendi yebasa inomira seimwe yetsika dzinoyera zvikurusa nedzinoguma nemhesano muAmerica. Makore mana ari ose, pana January 20, purezidhendi anouya anosimudza ruoko ndokudzokorora chipikiso chamashoko 35 icho chinovabatanidza kuBumbiro reMitemo reUnited States. Iyi nguva, inocherekedzwa namamirioni munyika yose, haisati iriwo zvayo mutambo. Chinodikanwa chemitemo, chiito chapamutemo, uye kuzvipira kukuru kwapachena kumutemo. Mhiko inobatanidza kudzoro inovapo kurugwaro rwakagadzwa, uye kupfurikidza negwaro iroro, kuzvinangwa zvakaziviswa muPregnation. Kunzwisisa ukoshingidzira kwakazara kwenguva ino, tinofanira kunzvera kunyora kwamashoko akakwana, midziro yayo yenhau, uye ukama hwapamberipo nokuda kwechiono.

Mashoko Akarurama Echikamu chaPurezidhendi

Bumbiro reMitemo rakapfupika zvinoshamisa patsikinya yedendereti. Chikamu II, Chikamu 1, Claus 8 chinogovera mashoko bedzi ayo purezidhendi mutongi anofanira kutaura asati atora masimba ehofisi. Rugwaro rwacho runorava, kuti:

“ Ndinopika zvakakomba (kana kuti simbisa) kuti ndichashandisa nokutendeka Hofisi yaPurezidhendi weUnited States, uye ndichashandisa zvakanakisisa zvamano angu, kuchengetedza, kudzivirira nokudzivirira Bumbiro remitemo reUnited States.][FLT]]]

Zvikamu zvinoverengeka zvorugwaro urwu zvinokosha. Chokutanga, “kusimbisa kuti” kunobvumira avo vane zvirambidzo zvorudzidziso kupika panzvimbo pezvo kuita chibvumirano chakakomba. George Washington akawedzera mashoko okuti“ndibetserei zvikuru Mwari” pashure pemhiko yacho, gamuchidzanwa rakateverwa navazhinji asi kwete vose vamapurezidhendi vanotevera, kunyange zvazvo kusati kuri kunodikanwa nenzira yapamutemo. Chechipiri, mhiko haisati ichidudza vanhu, rudzi, kana kuti nharidzano dzipi nedzipi. Inonangidzira chose chose chose paBumbiro remitemo imene. Purezidhendi anopikira kuuraya nenzira yokutendeka [[FLT:]] hofisi uye ku [FLT:] chengetedzo, uye dziviriro, uye muganhu. Chikamu chemitemo chitsvene chinodzivirira.

Mhiko yapurezidhendi inoshanda uye inotosimbisa, zvichiratidza kuti basa rehofisi semukuru webazi rinofanira kuitwa nevakuru vakuru.

Nei Kungotaurwa Mashoko 35 Chete?

Vagadziri vakachengeta mhiko noune. Vaisada mhiko refu yaigona kuva yetsananguro inopesana kana kuti ingafukidza donzo reBumbiro remitemo rimene. Seizvo Alexander Hamilton akatsanangura mu Féderalist N. 69, mhiko yapurezidhendi yakagadzirwa kuva [[FLT:]“ musengwa unorema” uyo anosimbisa kuzvidavirira kumutemo, kwete chikuva chezvipikirwa zvomunhu oga kana kuti zvezvamatongerwe enyika. Hurumbisowo hunovimbisa kuti purezidhendi ari wose, pasinei zvapo namararamiro kana kuti pfungwa, anovimbisa chinhu chimwe chetecho.

Sumo: Muchina Wakarongwa Nokuda Kwedonzo Rorudzi

Mitsetse yokutanga yeBumbiro reMitemo inowanzopindwa nomusoro nevana vechikoro, asi zvarinoreva zvakazara zvakadzama:

“Isu vanhu veUnited States, muNhevedzano kuumba Ungano yakakwana zvikuru, kutanga Ruramisiro, kuvimbisa kuva mubatsiri wemhuri, kugovera dziviriro dzavose, kusimudzira Ugare zvakanaka, uye kuchengetedza Zvikomborero zveRusununguko kwatiri timene nePendeko redu, tinogadza ndokugadza iyi Bumbiro reMitemo reUnited States yeAmerica.”

Sumo haisati iri manyuko amasimba chaiwo emitemo. Zvisinei, idzidziso yedonzo [[[FLT: 0] iyo inoshanda rugwaro rwose. Inotiudza chikonzero nei Bumbiro reMitemo riripo: kutanga mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru, kutanga ruramisiro, kuchengeta rugare pamusha, kudzivirira rudzi, kusimudzira zvakanaka, uye kuchengeta rusununguko nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvazvino uno. Idzi nharidzano nhanhatu ndidzo zvishuvo [ zvakawanwa zveRiphabliki.

Kubatana Kwakananga: Kuzadzika Kunoita Murayiro

Mhiko yapurezidhendi haidudzi zvakajeka ipi neipi yenharidzano nhanhatu dzePregedge. Bva inzira huru iyo purezidhendi anozvidavirira nayo kunharidzano idzodzo. Mhiko inobatanidza purezidhendi kuBumbiro rose reMitemo, uye Bumbiro reMitemo igadziriro yakarongedzerwa kuwana zvinangwa zvePregary.

Kuchengetedza Bumbiro Romutemo Kunoreva Kuchengetedza Mubatanidzwa

Nharidzano yokutanga yePregegeget ndeyoku “umba Union yakakwana zvikuru.” Chikumbiro chemhiko ku“dzivirira” chinobatira zvakananga mugumo iwoyo. Bumbiro reMitemo idendedzero rinobatanidza nyika pamwe chete. Purezidhendi anochengeta nokutendeka Bumbiro reMitemo anotsigira chimiro chehurumende, kuparadzana kwemasimba, uye ukuru hwemutemo wenyika. Izvi hazvina kutongova pachena zvikuru kupfuura mukati meHondo yeChizvarwa chavagari vemo, apo Purezidhendi Abraham Lincon akataura kuti mhiko yake yakamuraira kuchengetedza kupfurikidza nemitoo yose yemitemo, kubatanidza kushandiswa kwesimba rehondo mukurwisana nesecesion.

Kuunza Ruramisiro Kupfurikidza Nokutonga Kwokutendeka

Mashoko ePregagery anoti “Ruramisiro yakagadzwa” anozivikanwa apo purezidhendi anoita mitemo nokutendeka. Purezidhendi mukuru mukuru wevachengeti vemitemo. Mhiko yacho inovaita kubasa iroro. Apo Department of Justice inotonga mhosva dzehurumende, apo purezidhendi anova nechokwadi chokuti mirairo yevakuru vakuru inowirirana nemirau yedare, kana kuti apo vanorega kuisa mutemo wemitemo, vari kukudza chipikirwa chokutanga ruramisiro. Purezidhendi anozvidza kana kuti anozvidza noune ureveregeredzi mutemo wacho ari kuputsa mhiko yacho uye, naizvozvo, achikundikana kufambisira mberi danidzo yePregation nokuda kweruramisiro.

Kuedza Kunetsa Mumba

“ Kuvimbisa nzanga kunoreva kuchengeta rugare nenhevedzano mukati merudzi. Mhiko yapurezidhendi inotsigira ikoku kupfurikidza nokuvaita kuti vadzivirire Bumbiro remitemo pavavengi vose, vokumwe naveimba. Purezidhendi ane chiremera chebumbiro remitemo kudana varwi kuti vadzore kumukira (Mutsara weChikamu 8, Chikamu 8, Claus 15) uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo yehurumende inoitwa. Nguva iri yose purezidhendi anogadza mutemo wehurumende kuti utsinde mvumo, kana kuti ashandise National Guards kudzorera nhevedzano pashure pengwavaira dzomusikirwo, ivo vari kuita musero kuchengetedza musengwa wokuchengeta rugare rwemhuri mumhiko.

Kudzivirira Vanhu Vose

“ Chibvumikiso chedziviriro yavose” zvichida ibatano iri pachena zvikurusa. Purezidhendi ndiye Mutungamiriri mukuru wamauto ane zvombo. Chipikirwa cheMhiko yoku “dzivirira nokudzivirira” Bumbiro reMitemo rinobatanidza kudzivirira rudzi pacharwo patyisidziro dzokunze. Apo purezidhendi anoraira chiito chehondo, kutaurirana zvibvumirano, kana kuti kubvumira kushanda kwouchenjeri, vari kuzadzika rutivi urwu rwePreggeing. Chipikiso hachipi purezidhendi simba rokutanga hondo, asi chinoda kuti vashandise masimba anopiwa neBumbiro remitemo kudzivirira nyika.

Kusimudzira Rubudiriro Rukuru

“ Rovedza kuti vezveNhaka yeWelfare” imurairo mukuru wokuti migove mizhinji yehurumende, kubva pakushandisa zvinhu kusvikira kuutano hwavanhu vose. Chinodikanwa chemhiko yokuita hofisi nenzira yokutendeka chinoreva kuti purezidhendi anofanira kutarisira bazu guru munzira iyo inobatira zvakanaka zvavose, kwete fariro dzomunhu oga. Kusaina mutemo wokuti mapurogiramu emari, kudzivirira mhoteredzo, uye kudzora mari zvose zvinowira pasi peamburera iyi. Nepo pane gakava pamusoro pezvinoita “garikano,” mhiko inosungirwa purezidhendi kuita mufariro dzakanakisisa dzorudzi rwose, kwete idikanwo zvayo.

Kuchengeta Zvikomborero Zvorusununguko

Nharidzano yokupedzisira ndeyoku “chengeta Zvikomborero Zvorusununguko kwatiri timene nePresitoria yedu.” Ichi chinangwa chikuru cheBumbiro reMitemo. Chipikiso chinodzivirira zvakananga nemhaka yokuti Bumbiro reMitemo rine Bill of Rights nedzimwe dziviriro mukurwisana nehurumende inonyengera. Purezidhendi anoremekedza rusununguko rwevanhu, asingapi mitemo isati iri pamutemo, uye anotsigira kuzvitonga kwedare remitemo ari kuchengeta mhiko. Nguva iri yose purezidhendi anobvisa mutemo unoputsa rusununguko rwerusununguko, kana kuti anogadza vatongi vanozviisa kurusununguko rwemitemo, ivo vanochengeta rusununguko rwezvizvarwa zvenguva yemberi.

Mienzaniso Yenhau Yemaoresa Aishanda

Munhoroondo yose yeAmerica, purezidhendi akataura nezvemhiko dzavo pavanenge vachiita zvisarudzo zvakaoma.

  • George Washington (1789):[ Purezidhendi wokutanga akawedzera kuti “ndibetserei Mwari” ndokutsvoda Bhaibheri, achigadza muenzaniso. Hurukuro hwake hwose hwakanga huri mutoo mukuchengeta Bumbiro remitemo, sezvo iye akatanga gadziriro yekabhineri negamuchidzanwa rokuchinja kune rugare kwesimba.
  • Thomas Jefferson (1801): Muhurukuro yake yokutanga, Jefferson akadana Bumbiro reMitemo kuti “mutengi wehurumende yedu inosarudzwa” ndokukumbira kumhiko yake kuti adzore nokudzorwa. Iye gare gare akadzivirira Bumbiro reMitemo apo akaisa rusununguko pamusoro pesimba rehurumende mukurukurirano yeLouisiana Purchase.
  • Andrew Jackson (1833): Mukati meNhamo yeNdounda, Jackson akazivisa kuti Bumbiro remitemo neUnion zvakanga zvisingaparadzaniswi. Akatyisidzira kushandisa uto rehondo mukurwisana neSouth Carolina, achisimbisa kuti mhiko yake yaida kuti achengete Union mukurwisana nekusatendeseka.
  • Abraham Lincoln (1861):[[FLT: 1] Hurumende yose yaLincoln yakaumbwa nemhiko yake. Iye akataura kuti kuchengeta Union iri basa rake gurusa muBumbiro reMitemo, uye akaruramisa Emancapeation Proclation sechiyero chehondo chaidikanwa kuchengetedza rudzi. Mukuvamba kwake kwokutanga, akataura nenzira yakakurumbira, “ndinoita mhiko yapamutemo nhasi pasina donzo rokugumisa Bumbiro remitemo kana kuti mitemo inodenha.[FLT]
  • Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933): Mukudzika kwoKuderera Kukuru Kwoupfumi, FDR yakatora mhiko uye nokukurumidza inoshandisa masimba makuru kudzikamisa gadziriro yebhangi. Iye gare gare akarangarira kuti mhiko yaida kuti aite chipi kana chipi chaifanira kuita garikano yose, inotungamirira kuNew Dec.
  • John F.Kennedy (1961): Kennedy] kero yokutanga yakareverwa yakakurumbira, “Musabvunza icho nyika yenyu inogona kukuitirai, bvunzai zvamunogona kuitira nyika yenyu.” Iye akaita mhiko sedanidzo kubasa ravose nedonzo rorudzi, achidzokorora simbiso yePreggey pazvakanaka zvavose.
  • Joe Biden (2021): Biden akasimbisa basa remhiko mukudzorera mirau yebumbiro remitemo pashure penhambo yedzvinyiriro yedemokrasi. Iye akanongedzera zvakananga kutanga mukero yake yokutanga, achiti, “ Isu Vanhu” chiono chinofanira kudzivirirwa napurezidhendi ari wose.

Muhara Sechinomira Chetsika Nechomutemo

Chipikirwa chapurezidhendi hachisiwo hacho gamuchidzanwa; musengwa wapamutemo unogona kuva nemiuyo chaiyoiyo. Kana purezidhendi akaputsa mhiko, Bumbiro reMitemo rinogovera mutoo wokuzvidavirira: Chirango II, Chikamu 4 chinotaura kuti purezidhendi anogona kubviswa nokuda kwe , Chiokomuhomwe, kana kuti mamwe Matsotsi makuru namaMisdemys. Shoko rokuti “Utsotsi hukuru neMisdemy" harina kurondedzerwa chaizvoizvo, rakabatanidza mutsika kushata simba iro rinozvidza Bumbiro remitemo. Ndicho chikonzero nei mhiko iri huru mukuita chinhu chisina maturo. Imba yavamiriri yakashairwa nokuda kwezviito zvakaonekwa semhikosodzo, sechibvumirano chenhema kana kuti chibvumirano chezvamatongerwe enyika (Clincum) nokuda kwokuwana kwechiuto).

Uyezve, mhiko inosimbisa basa rapurezidhendi semutongi weBumbiro reMitemo. Havasi mambo. Ivava mubatiri womutemo. Iyi pfungwa yakavakirwa pakusavimba kwaBaba kwakavakwa nesimba. Sezvakanyorwa naJames Madison mu[FL:0] Firedharist. 51, “Kudai vanhu vaiva ngirozi, hapana hurumende yaizova iri madikanwa. Mhiko yacho ndiimwe yedziviriro inochengeta purezidhendi achizvidavirira kuvanhu uye kuBumbiro remitemo.

Kuenzanisa Mugove WaPrezidhendi Nemimwe Minda

Kuenzanisa kupfupi kunosimbisa rudzi rwechienzi rwemhiko yapurezidhendi:

  • Article VI Oath yehurumende nehurumende: “Vamiriri navamiriri pamberi pezvi, uye Mitezo yeHurumende dzinoverengeka, uye vakuru vakuru vose navakuru vakuru vose, vose vari vaviri veUnited States neveUnited States, vachasungwa neOath kana kuti Aftritiation, kutsigira uyu Mutemo.” Iyoyi nditsigiriso yemitemo [[[FLT:]] Hurumende, kwete sebasa rapurezidhendi [FLT:], dziviriro, uye dziviriro, uye [FLT].
  • Judicial Oath (28 U.S.C. 763): [[[FTL:1] Vatongi veFederal vanopika kuti “vaite ruramisiro pasina kuremekedza vanhu, uye vanoita maruramiro akaenzana kuvarombo navapfumi.] Iyi mhiko inonangidzira pakusasarura mumabasa okutonga, nepo mhiko yapurezidhendi iri pamusoro peperero yose yebazu rechiremera.
  • Mukuru weOath (10 U.S. 502): Vakuru vakuru vanopika kuti “tsigira nokudzivirira Bumbiro reMitemo reUnited States pavavengi vose, vokumwe neveimba.] Iri riri pedyo mumutauro nemhiko youpurezidhendi, inoratidzira uduku hwehondo kuutungamiriri hwehurumende neBumbiro reMitemo.

Musiyano mukuru ndowokuti mhiko yapurezidhendi ndiyo bedzi inopikira zvakajeka ku nokutendeka kuuraya [ hofisi nokuna serve, dzivirira, uye dzivirira [ Constitution. Imhiko yakasimba zvikurusa inodikanwa neBumbiro reMitemo.

Mapoka Akapoteredza Munda

Nepo mhiko iri rugwaro rwakapfava, kududzira kwayo kwakamutsa gakava. Mamwe mapurezidhendi akarangarira murangariro chaiwoiwo, achitaura kuti basa ravo bedzi kuita mitemo sezvakanyorwa, kunyange kana isina kururama. Vamwe vakagamuchira murangariro mukuru zvikuru, vachidavira kuti mhiko yacho inovaraira kudzivirira Bumbiro remitemo patyisidziro ipi neipi, kubatanidza mukati mehurumende. Kukakavadzana pakati paaya mirangariro kunoratidzira gakava rakakura pamusoro pedudziro yebumbiro remitemo.

Imwe gakava rinoramba richidzokororwa nderokuti kana mhiko ichiita kuti purezidhendi ateerere mitemo yeDare Rapamusorosoro. Purezidhendi Andrew Jackson anonokorwa mashoko nenzira yakakurumbira seanotaura, “ John Marshall akaita chisarudzo chake; zvino ngaaite kuti chitsigire. Murangariro iwoyo unopanikirika wejaji wakaitwa napurezidhendi vazvino uno, asi bvumirano pakati penyanzvi dzemitemo ndeyekuti mhiko inoda kuti bvumirano yokutenda kwakanaka ienderane nemirayiro yedare redare, nemhaka yokuti Bumbiro reMitemo rinoshandura Dare Rapamusorosoro remitemo.

Imwe gakava inobatanidza wedzero ye “ndibetserei Mwari.” George Washington paakavamba gamuchidzanwa racho, hakuna kuzova kutozosvikira muzana ramakore rechi20 kuti yave inodokuva yavose. Purezidhendi Franklin Pierce akashandisa Bhaibheri ndokuti“ndibetserai kudaro Mwari” muna 1853, asi mamwe purezidhendi vapakuvamba havana. Purezidhendi Rutherford B.Hayes akashandisa bhuku romutemo. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, vamwe vapurezidhendi vakasarudza kusimbisa panzvimbo pokupika (g., Herbert Hoover, uye Franklin Pierce akashandisawo bvumirano). Kuchinjika kunokosha nokuda kworusununguko rworudzidziso, asi kuwedzerwa kwa “so Mwari akamutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pomutsetse pakati porudzidziso rwavagari vemo nerwendo.

Maato Achiri Kutaurwa

Vatsoropodzi vapurezidhendi vangapa mhaka yokuputsa mhiko yacho kana vakafuratira vapurisa vehurumende, vakaramba kuita kuti mitemo, kana kuti kutyisidzira masangano ehurumende. Vatsigiri vangataura kuti purezidhendi ari kutsigira mhiko kupfurikidza nokushandisa simba romukuru wehurumende kunzvera vatsoropodzi vedare kana kuti kudzivirira chengeteko yenyika.

Mhiko yacho inoshandawo senhambo inobatanidza munyika yakakamukana zvikuru. Apo purezidhendi anosarudza anoisa ruoko paBhaibheri (kana kuti mumwe rugwaro) ndokudzokorora mashoko acho, ivo vari kukumbanira mutsetse murefu wavatangiri. Muitiro iwoyo unoyeuchidza vanhu kuti pasinei zvapo nomuuyo wesarudzo, Bumbiro remitemo rinoramba riri guru. Kutamisirwa kune rugare kwesimba, uko kwakaitika makore mana ari ose (nomumwe unosiyaniswa muna 1861 mukati meHondo yeChizvarwa chavagari chapasi), ndiwo muuyo wakananga wechipikirwa chemhiko yokuchengeta Bumbiro remitemo.

Mugumo: Muti uye Sumo Semapazi Maviri

Mhiko yapurezidhendi nePresation yeBumbiro reMitemo haisati iri magwaro akasiana.

Apo purezidhendi anoita nenzira inoratidzika kuva inopesana neProfetition (kunyarara kweruramisiro), kufuratira runyararo rwemhuri, kana kuti kubvisa rusununguko(we) kunogona kubvunza nenzira yakarurama, kuti: Vari kuzadzika mhiko yavo yakakomba yokuchengeta, kudzivirira, uye kudzivirira Bumbiro remitemo? Mhinduro kumubvunzo iwoyo inoenda kumwoyo wehurumende yehurumende yeAmerica.

nokuda kwokuravazve pamusoro pamavambo ebumbiro remitemo remhiko, ona Constitution Annoted of Article II, Chikamu 1, Classia 8,. Nokuda kwokunyudza zvikuru mumashoko enhau, [[FLT:] Relarectory Archives inogovera nhetembo yakaisvonaka[[. Ukama pakati pesimba rapurezidhendi nemhiko hunoongororwa mu Mutemo weGenell].[FLT]