Good Friver Augnes, yakasainwa pana 10 April 1998, inoramba iri imwe yebvumirano dzorugare runokosha zvikurusa dzezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri. Yakaguma namakumi matatu amakore emasimba masimba esekete muNorthern Ireland anozivikanwa se "Nhamo" uye yakatanga gadziriro yesimba pakati penzanga dzechibvumirano nevezvourudzi. Sezvo mamiriro ezvamatongerwe enyika muNorthern Ireland, Republic yeIreland, uye United Kingdom zvinopfuurira kutama neBretick, kuchinja kwechiverengero, uye gakavaro pamusoro pechibvumirano cheIrish yazova yekurumidziro. Nyaya inonzvera miganhuro, gadziriro dzazvino uno uno, zvinetso, uye ramangwana reChishanu chaMagariro akanaka mumhoteredzo yezvamatongerwe enyika inochinja nokukurumidza.

Mamiriro Ezvinhu uye Nhoroondo

Northern Ireland yakaitwa neHurumende yeIreland Act 1920, ichikamura chitsuwa kuva nyika ine Purotesitendi, inoumba mibatanidzwa mitanhatu kuchamhembe uye nyika yakazvimirira, ine Katurike yeIrish Free State kumaodzanyemba. Kubva panheyo yayo, Northern Ireland yakatambura nokupesana kukuru kwenzanga. Voruzhinji vaidzora simba rezvamatongerwe enyika, nepo vashomanene verudzi vakatarisana nerusarura rwakarongwa mudzimba, mabasa, uye mumiririri wehurumende. Uku kusaenzana kwakanyandura kodzero dzavagari vemo mukupera kwama 1960, uko kwakawedzera kuva rwisano yakakwana yemagariro enyika. Nhando dzinovambira muna 1969 kusvikira muna 1998.

Masumo akauraya upenyu hunopfuura 3 500 ndokusiya makumi ezviuru akuvadzwa. Mapoka ehondo kumativi ose ari maviri .Masangano eIretaritarial Irish Republican Army (IRA) namamwe mapato eparabhuriki, uye mauto akavimbika akadai seUlster Looporganizence Force (UVF) uye Ulster Defence Association (UDA).____a yakatakura kubhomba, kupfura, uye kuuraya kwemapoka. British Army yakatangwa muna 1969, pakutanga kudzivirira vavakidzani veKaturike, asi kuvapo kwayo kwakava nzvimbo inodzoseranwa namasimba masimba, mato, magariro ezvamatongerwe enyika, uye yakakundikana kupera.

Muma1980 napakuvamba kwama1990, kurukurirano dzakavanzika pakati pehurumende dzeBritain neIreland, pamwe chete napakati pavatungamiriri veRepublic navakuru vakuru, dzakaita fandesheni nokuda kwokukurukurirana. Dare reAnglo-Irish ra1994 rakapa Dublin basa rezvokuronga muNorthern Ireland, iro rakashatirisa vabatanidzwa asi rakaratidzirawo kuti rwisano yacho ingagona kupedzwa bedzi nomubatira pamwe chete. Dowing Street Declaracted yeIntellign yeyadhi ya1993, yateverwa neyamadhiredhikodhi , yakaita Window ezvematongerwe enyika nokuda kwekurukurirano yamashoko akawanda. Idzi, dzakatungamirirwa neyaichimbova USabserver George Mitchell, yakateod Revertment, yakateved Revelservey muNon Ireland neRoundland muna May 1998.

Gadziriro Huru Dzomubvumirano

Strand 1: Kushanda Kwesimba uye Gungano reNorthern Ireland

Chibvumirano chakagadza hurumende inoderedza simba nokuda kweNorthern Ireland yakavakirwa pasimba rinobatanidza masangano ezvenyika. Gungano reNorthern Ireland, rakasarudzwa nokumiririra (Chimwe Chinopfuudzwa), rakagadzirirwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti nzvimbo dzechiremera dzinogoverwa zvakafanana. Mabasa makuru anogoverwa kupfurikidza nomutoo wed'Hondt, uye zvisarudzo zvikuru zvinoda kuyambuka nokubvumirana kwechikwata chimwe, zvimwe kupfurikidza noruzhinji (60% rwemitezo yokuvhota, kubatanidza 40% yevose vari vaviri vamatikanoloji namasangano) kana kuti gadziriro yokubvumirana (vazhinjisakawanda vemitezo yose iri miviri). Iyi gadziriro yakanga yakaitirwa kudzivisa nzanga ipi neipi yakaganhuriro imwe kubva pane imwe.

Mushumiri wokutanga uye mutevedzeri woMutungamiriri Wehurumende wokutanga ivakuru vakuru vose, vakasarudzwa neGungano rine tsigiro inopesana. Chibvumirano chakagoverawo kuti Civic Forum ipe vanhu vose inzwi mukuita mitemo, kunyange zvazvo muviri uyu wave usingashingairi nguva dzose.

Strand 2: Misangano yoKumusoro - kumaodzanyemba

Kukurukura chishuvo chenyika chebatano dzapedyo neRiphabliki reIreland, Chibvumirano chakagadzira Dare roUshumiri reNorth-South, iro rinounganidza vashumiri vanobva kuNorthern Ireland Idminitive neHurumende yeIreland kuti vabatirane panzvimbo dzefariro dzakadai sokurima, kushanyira, zvokufambisa, uye utano. Dare rinotsigirwa nemitumbi mitanhatu yemibatanidzwa (mhiko, Waterways Ireland, InterTradeIreland) iyo inoita mabasa pahwaro yose. Iyi purogiramu inoziva mamiriro ezvinhu eIreland asingashatisi pamutemo weIrishrish weNorthern Ireland.

Strand 3: Kumabvazuva - West Institutions

British - Irish Council yakaitwa kuti ibatanidze hurumende dzeUK neIreland nehurumende dzakareruka dzeNorthern Ireland, Scotland, neWales, uyewo chiIsle of Man neChannel Islands. British-Irish Intergovernemental Conference inoita kuti pave nenzvimbo dzinobatanidza hurumende dzeBritain neIreland panhau dzisina kusinwa.

Kodzero Dzevanhu Nokuremekedza

Chibvumirano chacho chaibatanidza kuzvipira kubatanidza European Convention on Human Rights mumutemo weNorthern Ireland(a vimbiso yakazozadzika pachishandiswa Human Rights Act 1998. Dare reNorthern Ireland Human Rights Commission rakaumbwa kuti ritarisire uye ripe mazano pamusoro pekudzivirira kodzero. Patten Report (1999) yakatungamirira kugadziridza kukuru kweRoyal Ulster Consabulary, ichiitsiva neProce Service yeNorthern Ireland (PSNI), iyo yakagamuchira mubatanidzwa mutsva wehurumende yenzanga. Chinodikanwa chokuti 50% yavapurisa vatsva vechiKaturike vaitsva vaidzorwa kurangarira nhau dzekare pasi pokupa.

Kusunungurwa Uye Kusunungurwa Mujeri

Hurumende yeBritain yakatangawo kusunungura vasungwa vaiva mumasangano echiuto vairamba vachipiswa. Pakazosvika 2000, vasungwa vanopfuura 400 vakanga vasunungurwa, chinhu chakaoma zvikuru asi chaikosha kuvaka chivimbo.

Chibvumirano Chakanaka CheChishanu Muzana Remakore Rechi21

Makore gumi okutanga pashure pekunge chibvumirano chacho chaitwa nefambiro mberi nekusagadzikana. Gungano racho rakamiswa kana pakati pa2000 na2002 nemhaka yemagakava pamusoro peIRA yakabva muhurumende uye yakabatana pamusoro pezvinangwa zvehurumende. Kuparara kwakakwana kwakaitika muna October 2002, uye Northern Ireland yakadzokera kukutonga kwakananga kubva Westminster. Chibvumirano chacho chakazopedzwa muna 2007 neSt Andrews Reconstitution (2006), izvo zvakatungamirira kukudzorerwa kwedemocratic Union Constitution Party (DPUP) uye Sin Féin semagnesss atments atrusts dzakapas nzanga dzavo dzinopesana netsika.

Pakati pa 2007 na2017, simba raishandiswa negweta rakadzikama. Zvemarike yokuNorthern Ireland yakawedzera, mari yakawedzera, uye Northern Ireland yakava muenzaniso wenyika yose wepashure pekuungana kworugare. Turorist yakabudirira sezvo vashanyi vaiuya kuona Giants Calley, Titanic Belfast, uye guta guru reBelfast pacharo. Zvisinei, rugare rwakaramba rwakasimba. Mapoka emauto, kunyange zvazvo akanga arega kutsva, haana kubvisa zvachose. Kutyisidzira kwaparera kwakaramba kuripo, uye mauto akavimbika akaramba achibatanidzwa muutsotsi hwakarongwa uye masimba. Masangano eMitengo anoramba achingogara mudzimba nedzidzo, uye masvingo "rugare" zvichingoramba zvichingoparadza nzanga muBelfast nenzvimbo imwe.

Muna January 2017, mukuru mukuru wehurumende aitarisira simba akaparara zvakare, panguva ino nemhaka yechinonyadzisa chesimba chinomutsidzirwa icho chakafumura kubata kwedanho reDUP reHeat Incentives. Kuwa kwakagara makore matatu, panguva iyo Northern Ireland yakanga isina hurumende yaishanda. Nguva refu zvikuru yakadzoserwa munhoroondo yeChibvumirano. Gungano rakazodzorerwa muna January 2020 sechikamu chaibatanidza misengwa mitsva pamutauro weIreland, kuzivikanwa, uye nhau dzenhaka.

Mamiriro Ezvinhu Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Azvino: Breexit Nezvinozoitika

Denho inokosha zvikurusa kuGood Weshanu Agreement mumakore achangobva kupfuura iyi yave iri kubva kweUnited Kingdom kubva kuEuropean Union. Northern Ireland yakavhota ne 56% kuti irambe iri muEU, asi UK yose sechokuvhota kuti ibude. Kutaurirana kwakaparira kurukurirano huru dzeBrexit pamusoro pomuganhu pakati peNorthern Ireland neRiphabliki yeIreland.

Mutemo Wemitemo Wokuchamhembe kweIreland Nebasa Rokufema

Chibvumirano cheTsvene yeAct yapakuvamba yaibatanidza Northern Ireland Protocol, iyo yakachengeta Northern Ireland mumisika imwe yeEU yezvinhu ndokushandisa mitemo yetsika dzeEU pazviteshi zvayo zvengarava, vachigadzira muganhu wetsika nedzokudzosera mugungwa reIreland. Vatsigiri veUnions, zvikurukuru DuP, vakaona ikoku sokuparadzanisa Northern Ireland neUK yose uye kuderedza perero yebumbiro remitemo reUNICOS. Vatsigiri venyika dzakagamuchira Mutemo sechigadziro chetsikano yetsika sechigadziko chakadzivisa muganhu wakaoma pachitsuwa.

Mutemo wakaratidza kupesana kukuru. Yakapa rutivi zvakananga kukuwa kwechinzvimbo chesimba rinodzora muna February 2022, apo DUP yakaramba kuisa mukuru mukuru weUP kusvikira gadziriro dzeProtocol dzabviswa kana kuti dzabviswazve zvikuru. Ikoku kwakabva Northern Ireland pasina hurumende yakabviswa kwamakore maviri, kusvikira Windsor Frameam , a Renegaddydy abvumirana pakati peUK neEU muna February 2023(10) yakadzosera zvimwe zvezvinhu zveDUP. Basa reFrames rakasuma "Groart" uye "road" gadziriro dzetsika dzezvifambiso zvakanaka kupinda Northern Ireland, mapepa akaderhost, uye akapa Northern Ireland Assembly communiverset (Croa Bronget) kuice kumutemo weDUPUPUP 2024.

Pasinei zvapo neFrameywork, kusawirirana kunoramba kuripo. VaSangano reUnion vanoramba vachipanikira pamusoro penzvimbo yeNorthern Ireland muzvose zviri zviviri UK neEU musika mumwe. Vatsigiri vezvourudzi vanotaura kuti Mutemo wakagovera mikana yemari yakasiyana nemimwe isingafaniri kupambadzwa. Dzikamo dzakashata idzo Good Fread Audition yakaumbwa pakati penzanga mbiri dziri mudzvinyiriro yenguva dzose kubva kusimba idzva rezvamatongerwe enyika rakatangwa naBretit.

Kuchinja Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Nokumuka Kwemubatanidzwa

Imwe kombamiro inocherekedzwa kukura kwechikamu chemuchinjikwa cheConfly Alliance, icho chinowana tsigiro kuvose vari vaviri vakabatana navatsigiri venyika avo vakaneta nezvamatongerwe enyika zvesekete. Mujarurano re 2022 Congress, Alliance yakava boka rechitatu rakakura zvikurusa, kuwina zvigaro 17. Uku kunomirira kubva panzvimbo mbiri dzechibatanidzwa chenyika yose kuti chibvumirano chakavakwa. Nepo simba resimba rinovakira nyika inodazve kuti vazvitsaure savamwe, vadi venyika, kana kuti vamwe, kumuka kweAlliance kungamanikidza kugadziridza kuti vagadzirwe.

Matambudziko Ari Kuzouya

Chinjo Yokuona Nokusaziva Kunotevedzerwa Kwemitemo

Chimwe chezvinetso zvikuru zvenhambo refu zvikurusa kushandura nhamba yavagari vemo. 2021 muNorthern Ireland yakaratidza, kwenguva yokutanga, kuti vaKaturike vanopfuura vaPurotesitendi (45.7% Katurike kusvika 43,5% protestanti. Ikoku kune revo nokuda kwenguva yemberi yebumbiro remitemo, sezvo Good Wearth Active Actives inogovera nokuda kwebvunzo kana kuchiratidzika kuva kungabvira kuti vazhinji vangavhota Ireland yakabatana. Chibvumirano chinoti Munyori weHurumende yeNorthern Ireland "hall" anoda kuti ape ruchemo rwekudzo rwemitemo yemitemo yemitemo yemitemo yehurumende kuti kana pari panguva ipi neipi ingaratidzika kuti voruzhinji vekuvhotera kuti varege kuva rutivi rweUnited Kingdom nechimiro cheIreland yakabatana."

Nharo pamusoro penzvero yomuganhu yakawedzera. Sinn Féin, zvino boka gurusa rezvourudzi, rakaraira nokuda kwenzvero yomuganhu mukati megumi ramakore anotevera. Vabatanidzwa vakaona nhamba dzavo vamene dzichiderera uye vasina mutoo wakajeka wokubatanidza, vanotya kuti Ireland yakabatana ingagona kuwanwa pasina mvumo. Zvisinei, chinjo yechiverengero chavagari vemo haisati ichingoerekana ichishandurwa kuva voruzhinji vezvourudzi . VaKaturike vazhinji vangada mugariro wacho, uye "rimwe boka, iro rinobatanidza avo vanozivikanwa sevasingawirirani kana kuti vazivi vagari venyika imwe nyika, riri kuwedzera. Chinodikanwa cheChibvumirano chevhoti yoruzhinji chinoreva kuti mugumisiro wacho hazviitiki.

Nhaka Yezvinetso uye Kurarama Nezvakaitika Kare

Anopfuura makore 25 pashure peChibvumirano, nhaka yeNhamo inoramba iri manyuko makuru amarwadzo nemapoka. Zviuru zvenzufu dzisingakanzverwi, kuvadziko, uye kubatwa zvisina kufanira zvinopfuurira kutapura mhuri nenzanga. Regacy Act yeBritain yakakarakadza mutemo weganhuriro dzezvinetso zvine chokuita nemhosva uye mugumo wekuzvitambudzo, zvakashorwa zvakasimba namapoka avanyajambwa, hurumende yeIrish, uye Dare reEurope. Chibvumirano chakashorwa mumatare, uye muna February 2024 Dare gurusa rakatonga kuti gadziriro huru dzakanga dzisingawirirani nekodzero dzavanhu. Kushaiwa kwokubvumirana kwakavakirwa pamapoka echibvumirano, hurumende yeIrishyrish, uye Dare reEurope.

Kusiyana Kwemari

Good Frive Augment yakanga iri zvikurukuru chibvumirano chezvamatongerwe enyika, asi yakavimbisawo fambiro mberi yemari nenzanga. Nepo Northern Ireland yakafarikanya kukura kukuru mune mamwe makambani, ichiri inononozeka kuseri kwamamwe mativi eUK pamusoro pezvirongwa, mibayiro, uye mabasa avose. Kutsamira paboka ravanhu vose kwakakwirira, uye chikamu chavanhu chavanhu chakaderera zvikuru. Ndyiko yenjodzi inorarama, peregeredzo dzedzimba, uye dzvinyiriro patarisiro dzoutano (zvikamu zvakamirira) zvinotapura murangariro wavanhuwo zvavo wekukamu chorugare. Kana zvipikirwa zvemari zveChibvumirano zvisati zvapiwa, kusagadzikana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kungawedzera.

Mikana Yeramangwana

Kubatanidzwazve Kwekurukurirano Nenzanga

Pasinei zvapo nedenho, pane zvikonzero zvokungwarira. Kudzoka kwehurumende yakabvisa tsvina muna 2024 kwakabvumira Northern Ireland kuvazve nenzwi rayo mumativi makuru emitemo. Makore gumi anotevera anopa mukana wokukudza batira pamwe inodzika michinjikwa, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nehurumende yeFormation feal estum nerokuvaka rugare rwomunzvimbomo. Nhano dzeHurumende yeIrish dzakagovera chiwi, chakatangwa muna 2020, inogovera mari nokuda kwezvirongwa zvemichinjikwa zvinovaka chivimbo nokunzwisisana. Kubatanidza vanhu vaduku kunongoziva bedzi rugare.

Kubvira Kwomuitiro Wezvemari

Windsor Framework inopa Northern Ireland mukana wokuwana zvinhu zvakasiyana nemimwe pamusika weUK uye musika mumwe wezvinhu. Uku kuwanika kwemabhizimisi kunopa betsero yamakwikwi nokuda kwokukwezva bhizimisi renyika dzokunze, zvikurukuru mumasero sezvokudya zveagri, sayenzi youpenyu, uye kugadzirwa kwezvinobudirira. Kana kutsigiwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kuchigona kuchengetwa, Northern Ireland ingagona kuva nzvimbo yebhizimisi nemugadziridzo. Mamwe mabhizimisi akatowedzera mabasa kuti ashandise chinzvimbo ichi.

Mienzaniso Yokutsigira Neyokuvaka Rugare Munyika Dzose

Chibvumirano cheGood Chishanu Chinorumbidzwa munyika yose kuti chigadzirwe. United States, European Union, uye Republic of Ireland zvose zvine fariro yakazviwanira mubudiriro yazvo. US Special Envoy yeNorthern Ireland (zvino Joe Kennedy III, akagadzwa muna 2022) inotsigira kukura kwezvemari nekurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika. EU yePU POST PLUS, inofanirwa ne201.1 bhiriki yemabhiriyoni emirimo ye201-202, mari inoyambuka ichitaura nezvefariro yehondo. Iyi yokunze inogovera kudzivirira papfumo rezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kukurukura kweMitemo

Bviro yenzvero yomuganhu yakamanikidzira mapoka ose kufunga zvakakomba pamusoro pezvingaratidzika seIreland yakabatana kana kuti mubatanidzwa wakavandudzwa. Nheyo yeChibvumirano cheGood Chishanu inoreva kuti chinjo ipi neipi inofanira kubvumiranwa nenzanga dzose dziri mbiri. Ikoku kunoparira sundo yokuti mativi ose ari maviri avake nzanga inoshanda nokuda kwomunhu ari wose (paduku napanzvimbo itsva yeUK. Kukurukura uye kuremekedza pamusoro pezivikanwo, kodzero, uye kudzora kungagona kuderedza ngozi yemasimba masimba ndokuwedzera mikana yokuchinja kune rugare kana kufambiswa kworugare kuchitongoitika.

mhedziso

Good Friver Augnition yakanga isiri nzvimbo yokupedzisira asi gadziriro yekurukurirano inopfuurira neyananiso. Yakapukunyuka njodzi dzakawanda(kuputsika kwekuderera kwechinjo), kumuka kweRepublicas inopandukira, njodzi dzeBretit(uye nheyo dzayo dzamanyuko dzinoramba dzakasimba. Nguva yemberi yeChibvumirano ichatsamira pamano evatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika nenzanga kushanda pamwe chete pasinei zvapo nokupesana kwavo. Sezvo Northern Ireland inonzvera vanhu, kurukurirano yemitemo, uye nhaka yekare, misengwa yesimba, kodzero dzavanhu, uye batira pamwe chete inodzo inodzosa bvumirano inotokosha kupfuura nakare kose. Kubudirira kwayo kunoramba kuri kunokosha nokuda kwerugare, chengeteko, budiriro muNorthern Ireland, chitsuwa cheIreland, uye kunze kweIreland.

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