United States yave iri simba guru mukubudirira kwamarudzi ose nebetsero yomutsa, ichiumba kuvaka nyika yose kupfurikidza nemitemo yayo nepurogiramu. Kuvambira panhamburiko huru dzokuvakazve pashure peHondo yeNyika II kusvikira kuhondo dzazvino uno dzokurwisana nehosha nemamiriro okunze, U.S. yamuro dzokumwe dzakavamba muukuru, donzo, uye uzivi. Kunzwisisa iyi mhindu inonetsa kwete bedzi nokuda kwokunzwisisa kuti nyika dzinoita simba reyamuro renyika dzakareruka sei asiwo nokuda kwokuyera kushanda kwemabhiriyoni amadhora ane madhora anopedzwa gore rimwe nerimwe. Nyaya ino inotevedzera nhau yenhau yeU.S. Mitevero yeyamuro yedzimwe nyika inobva mumavambo avo epashure pehondo yehondo yeMitemo yeMitemo yehondo yeMaredhiana, kuchinja zvinangwa uye zvinetso zvekuyamuraniso, zvakawanda zvemasvoronko anosvika makore 21 muzana ramakore rechi21.

Hwaro Hwapakuvamba Hweyamuro Yokumwe yeU.S.

Nepo United States yakagovera yamuro nebetsero younyanzvi pakuvamba . yakadai sezvokudya zvinotumirwa kuEurope pashure peHondo yeNyika I ne Marshall Plan [ [1] purogiramu yegadziriro, huru yeyamuro yokumwe yakavamba zvirokwazvo pashure peHondo Yenyika II. Dare reEurope Recovery Program, rinozivikanwa zviri nani seMarshall Plan, rakatangwa muna 1948 uye rinoramba riri muenzaniso wakakurumbira zvikurusa weU.S. Anopfuura makore mana, United States yakabvisa inenge $13,3 bhirioni (inopfuura mabhiriyoni $50 nhasi) kusvikira kumarudzi 16 eEurope. Zvinangwa zvakava nekata zvehondo zvakava nekaviri: kuvakazve hondo kuti zvidzivise kupararira kwemabhizimisi.

Rubudiriro rweMarshall Plan(_Zvemitengo) chibereko chemumba munyika dzinotora rutivi chakakwira zvikuru, gadziriro dzakavakwazve, uye kuterama kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwakadzorerwa (kwakagadzwa). Kwakaratidzira kuti yamuro ingagona kuva chishandiso chokushandura apo yakabatanidzwa noudzori hwomunzvimbomo, betsero yezvounyanzvi, uye nhambo inojeka. Nguva ino yapakuvamba yakavawo nokuumbwa kweEconomic Cooperation Administration Administration. Njenya yakanga iri pakuvakazve uye kunatsiridza upfumi, kazhinji kazhinji nemigariro inoda vagamuchiri kutevera kutevera miitiro yemiitiro yemiitiro yezvo yemari uye kushambadza kushambadza bhizimisi yavo.

Imwe nhano yakanga iri Purezidhendi Harry Truman’s Point Program yeChikamu Chinai , yakaziviswa muna 1949. Iyi nhano yakaitirwa kugoverana unyanzvi hwemichina yeAmerica namarudzi ari kubudirira, ichisimbisa kurima, utano, uye dzidzo. Nepo ine mwero mukushandisa mari mukuenzaniswa neMarshall Plan, Point Four yakagadza muenzaniso webetsero yekufambira mberi seyakasiana neyamuro yehondo kana kuti yokwamuko. Yakatungamirirawo kukuumbwa kweMitechic Cooperation Administration, mutangiridzi weUSAID.

Nguva Yehondo Yamashoko Neyamuro Yakanaka

Sezvo Hondo yaMashoko yakawedzera, yamuro yokumwe yeU.S. yakabatanidzwa zvikuru nokubatanidzwa kwechikomonizimu. Denderedzwa Dwight D. Eisenhower akakudza tsigiro yehondo nezvemari kuvatsigiri muAsia, Middle East, uye Latin America. Ma 1950 akaona kutangwa kweMutunity Security Agency nesimbiso yakasimba pa “betsero yechengete" .[1] Vatsigiri nezvikwereti zvokubetsera vatsigiri kuvaka mano avo ehondo. Aid kazhinji kazhinji yaidzorwa kupfurikidza nezvibvumirano zvemiitiro yokumwe nyika yaida kuti vagamuchirirwe kubatanidzwa neU.S.

Muna 1961, Purezidhendi John F.Kennedy akagadziridzazve urongwa hweU.S. . Foreign Act ya1961 yakabatanidza mapurogiramu akasiyana- siyana ndokuita United States Agency yeInternational Development (USAID) sesangano guru rekubudirira kwehurumende. Kennedy akatangawo Peace Peaces , kutumira vazvipiri veAmerica kunoshanda kunze kwenyika pamibato yebudiriro youswa. Izvi zvinoratidzira kufambira mberi, kubudirira, kufambira mberi, kunyange zvazvo Hondo yeRumbimbidziko yakaramba iri mutyairi mukuru. [[FLT]]

Mukati mama 1960 na 1970, yamuro yaiwanzoshandiswa sekaroti kana kuti kunamatira mutsika yokumwe yeU. Yamuro yokumanikidza yaienda kuSouthe Vietnam, Thailand, uye dzimwe nyika dzinowirirana neSoutheast Asia. MuMiddle East, yamuro kuIsrael neEgipita dzakawedzera pashure peCamp David Respons. Vatsoropoteri vakataura kuti zhinji dzeyamuro yakadzorwa nenharidzano dzemutongedzero panzvimbo pekukuramba kwechokwadi, pane dzimwe nguva kusimudzira hurumende dzechisimba.

Munguvayo, Zvokudya nokuda kwoRugare Act (PL 480), zvakapfuvura muna 1954, zvakava chishandiso chikuru nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri kukura kwomutsa nokutengesa. Kwakabvumira U.S. kutengesa zvinhu zvakasara zvokurima kune imwe nyika, kazhinji semari inopa kana kuti chikwereti. Yakapfumisawo mamiriyoni, yakaitawo kutsoropodza nokuda kwokuderedza varimi vomunzvimbomo munyika dzinogamuchira uye kushanda sechipfupinyi nokuda kwebhizimisi reAmerica.

Chisiko cheUSAID Nechinochinja Kuenda Kure - Farm Development

Ma 1970 akava nesimbiso inokura pa “zvinodikanwa zvomunhu” – mvura, utsanana, tarisiro huru dzoutano, uye dzidzo.“ Mitemo mitsva” ya1973 yakasunda USAID kuisa yamuro pavanhu varombo zvikurusa panzvimbo pegadziriro huru dzezvirongwa. Ikoku kwakaratidzira chinjo huru mukati mekufunga, yakapesvedzerwa nenyanzvi dzakadai se Paul Streeten naMahbub ul Haq[. Hondo yeReainty, zvisinei, yakapfuurira kudzosera kurangariro dzakafanira, zvikurukuru muCentral America neAfghanistanties mukati ma 1980.

Kuchinja Kuenda Kubudiriro Nenharidzano Dzinobetsera

Mugumo weHondo Yamashoko wakabvisa rondedzero huru nokuda kwepurogiramu dzakawanda dzeyamuro dzinoshanda. Pakati pa 1989 namavambo ama 2000, yamuro yokumwe yeU.S. yakawanazve kufambira mberi kukuru. Tariro yakasimudzirwa zvakajeka kukubudirira kwezvemari, kusimudzirwa kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, uye mhinduro yomutsa. Kuwa kweSoviet Union kwakavhura mikana mitsva yeyamuro kuEastern Europe neyaichimbova nyika dzeSoviet kupfurikidza nepurogiramu dzakafanana ne Support yeEast Europe Democracy (UT) Act [[FTLT:1] uye [FT:] Act yeTY]

Muma1990, U.S. yakapindura nhevedzano yenjodzi dzomutsa: nzara muSomalia (1992-93), kuuraya rudzi kweRwanda (1994), uye rwisano muBalkans. Rubatsiro rwevoruzhinji rwakava goverano huru yemari yokubetsera yokumwe. Zvisinei, makore gumi acho akada kukuvarwawo kuyamura kwenguva refu sezvo Congress yakatsvaka kuderedza kuderera kwemari. Kutaura kwokuti “kuneta kwaparwa mutengo” kwakapinda diksion. Developments akadai se[FLT: 0] Halliady ne Jeffrey Sachs[FLD:1]

Kuchengeteka uye Kubudirira

Kudenha kwamagandanga kwaSeptember 11, 2001, kwakagadziridzazve zvikuru kuyamura kwokunze kweUnited States. Aid yakava chishandiso chokudzivisa ugandanga neUniversity. Zvitsama zvakadururirwa muAfghanistan uye gare gare Iraq nokuda kwokuvakazve, kudzora, uye mauto echengeteko. Purezidhendi George W. Bush akatangawo nhano mbiri huru dzoutano hwenyika yose: Prederant’s Programme ye AIDS for AIDS FRAR (PER)[FLD] muna 2003 uye [[FLT:] Presidentier’s Molegional [[FL:3]]] muna 2005. Izvi zvakaziviswa semimwe yeyamuro yeyamuro yeUNIVHA.

Muna 2004, U.S. yakaita Millenium Challenge Corporation (MCC), sangano idzva raipa nyika mari yakawanda yokuronga nokuda kwemipimo yakanaka yokudzora, rusununguko rwemari, uye bhizimisi muutano nedzidzo. MCC yakagadzirirwa kutusa nyika dzinoita mabasa akakwirira nokudzivisa dzimwe dzeyamuro yegamuchidzanwa. Iro rakamirira tsinhano kumiuyo yakavakirwa, inovakwa, uye yamutsidziro yemari.

Miitiro Yazvino Uno Nedenho

Ma2020 ne2020, vanhu vari kutotanga kuisa zvinhu zvitsva pakutanga: utano hwenyika yose (zvikurukuru pashure pokuitika kweEbola neCHOVAD), kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, uye kugadzirisa zvinokonzera kutama kubva kuCentral America. Kuderedza urombo kuchiri chinangwa chikuru, asi United States inoshandisawo rubatsiro rwokudzivisa kukura kwechisimba cheChina nokushandisa Belt and Road Ictioniction uye mari yayo yokubudirira.

Muutarisiri weTrump, USAID yakatarisana netsananguro dzemari nezvikarakadzo zvokubatanidza muBato reHurumende. Pasinei zvapo nokuti, yamuro yose yokumwe yakaramba yakatsiga, neCongress kazhinji kazhinji inodzorera kucheka kunokarakadzwa navakuru vakuru. Vatarisiri veBiden vakachinja kuchekwa kwakati uye vakasimbisa utano hwenyika yose, mugariro wenzvimbo, uye tsigiro yehurumende. U.S. yakawedzerawo [[FLD:0] DELOPment Genetic PROvice (DC)[FF1] kuunganidza dzimbahwe rapagaro rekubudirira, kuratidzira komba komba komba komba komba shavo yemari inobatana.

Nharo Dzinopfuurira Netsoropodzo

Pasinei zvapo nenhau yayo refu, yamuro yokumwe yeU.S. inonyandura kurukurirano yakasimba. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti yamuro inogona kuparira kutsamira pamunhu, kubatwa navakakwirira vakashata, kana kuti kubatanidzwa nefariro dzenzvimbo dzapasi dzeAmerica panzvimbo pezvinodikanwa chaizvoizvo. Vatsigiri vanotsiva yamuro iyoyo inoponesa upenyu, inotsigira dzikamo yenyika yose, uye inobatira fariro dzeU. U.S. kupfurikidza nokusimudzira nokukurukura zvinetso zvenyika yose vasati vasvika kumahombekombe eAmerica. MILDINION COUR [ na [FLD:] PAFFAR[F:3]

Chimwe chitsama chikuru kuwanda kwamasangano namapurogiramu. Anenge madhipatimendi ehurumende nemasangano 18 eU.S. anokwanisa kuyamura kunze kwenyika, kuchitungamirira kuzvinetso nokukamurana. Kuchinja kweUSAID kwema 2010 kunonangidzirwa kupfuudza nokuvandudza simba, asi mabureaucratic interentia anoramba ari danda. Kuwedzera, kubatanidza yamuro[[[FLT:]] [] [-] [1] [-]

Purogiramu Huru Dzokuyamura Nezvirongwa Zvekurumidziro

Aid inogoverwa kupfurikidza negadziriro yakaoma yemikoto yebiteradal, mizhinji, uye isiri yehurumende. ndaza inotevera ino udzame hwemapurogiramu namasangano anokosha zvikurusa eUnited States:

  • U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) – inotungamirira nhamburiko dzokubudirira kwechienzi, inoshanda munyika dzinopfuura 100. Mabhureyi anobatanidza Bureau for Humanitality Areplation, Bureau for Global Health, uye Bureau for Resilience and Food Security.
  • [ Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) - Chipo chezvipo zvikuru zvegore negore kunyika dzinowana mari shoma dzinosvitsa mipimo yezvidzoreso zvakasimba nezvemari. Zvirongwa zvinobhadharwa zvinosanganisira zvirongwa zvedzidzo, uye kodzero dzevhu.
  • President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relation (PEPFAR) - Kutangwa muna 2003, PEPFAR yakaponesa upenyu hunopfuura mamirioni 20 ndokushandura mhinduro yeAIDS yenyika yose. Inoshanda kupfurikidza namapurogiramu echipaza nguva nenguva nenyika dzinopfuura 50.
  • Chipo choRugare [ - Tuma vazvipiri veAmerica kuzoshanda pamabasa okubudirira kwenzanga mudzidzo, utano, kurima, uye mhoteredzo. Vazvipiri vanopfuura 240 000 vakabatira chifo cha 1961.
  • Komiti yeMari yeProject (DFC) – Inosimbisa Holy Private Investicement Corporation (OPIC) neUSAID’s Development Crrevice Authority musangano rimwe rinopa zvikwereti, vimbiso, uye kukwanisa kutsigira kufambira mberi kwechikamu chavanhu munyika dzinowanwa dzakaderera.
  • , French Relation and Security - Administrated ne Department of Defense and State Department, inobatanidza Kunze kweMijaho (FMF), International Military Education and Training (IMET), uye Mibato yokuchengeta Rugare (PKO).
  • [[[Nto:0] Zvokudya zvorugare (PL 480)[[FL:1] – Chinogovera zvinhu zvokurima nokuda kweyamuro yezvokudya zvomuvakidzani uye chinotsigira kukura kwemisika. Chinoramba chiri chishandiso chikuru chokudavidza nzara nekurumidziro.
  • Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) - Nhamburiko yakasiyana - siyana yokusimbisa mano enyika okudzivisa, kuziva, uye kuita chimwe chinhu kutyisidziro dzehosha dzinotapukira, inotsigirwa zvakasimba namasangano eU.S.

Masangano aya anoshanda pamwe chete nemasangano akawanda akadai seWorld Bank, UNICEF, uye Global Fund Yokurwisana neAIDS, Tibhii neMarariya.

Ruyamuro Rwokumwe rweU.S. Nenharaunda Nesekete

Kuparadzirwa kweyamuro kwenharaunda kunoratidza kuti zvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru. Kudzika kweSaharan Africa kunowana mugove mukuru, zvikurukuru nokuda kwoutano (HIV/AIDS, marariya, utano hwaamai) uye kuchengeteka kwezvokudya. Nzvimbo yeMiddle East neNorth Africa inotsigirwa zvikuru, neyamuro kuIjipiti, Joridhani, uye Hurumende yePalestine yakasungirwa zvibvumirano zvorugare nechengeteko. South neCentral Asia, kubatanidza Afghanistan, inogamuchira betsero huru neyamuro yomutsa. Latin America neCaribbean dzinova neyamuko yechengeteko yavagari vemo, mukana wemarika, uye zvirongwa zvokutama.

Mumakore achangopfuura, mapurogiramu emamiriro okunze nemamiriro ezvinhu akapoteredza akawedzera, kunyange zvazvo achiri chikamu chiduku chemari yose yakateverwa nokubudirira mune zvoupfumi, dzidzo, uye kusimudzirwa kwehurumende.

mhedziso

Nhau nemhindumupindu yemiitiro yeyamuro yokumwe yeU.S. yakaratidzira rudzi rwave ruchirwisana nebasa rarwo renyika yose, itiro hanya, uye mipimo yomutsa. Kubva pakuvakazve kweMarshall Plan kwechishuvo chesimba kusvikira kuPEPFAR kukuvakwa kwezvoutano hunoponesa upenyu, yamuro yave iri chishandiso chine simba chezvose zviri zviviri zvokukurukurirana nokubudirira. Asi yavewo iri mungozi yokuchinja mhepo yezvamatongerwe enyika, upfumi hwechinzvimbo chapasi, uye kutsoropodza kwapamutemo pamusoro pokubudirira nokuzvidavirira. Kunzwisisa iyi nhau inobetsera vagadziri vemitemo, vadzidzi, uye vagari vemo vanonzwisisa mativi ose ari maviri emari uye kuti yamuro yokumwe nyika, haisati iri purofiti inova mumugariro mukuru munyika inobudirira. Sezvimo mibato mitsva inobuda, denho huru, uye kukwikwidza kupfuurira kupfuurira kubatira kubatira muUnited States, uye kupfuurira kubatira kubetsera kupfurikidza kwemiteve ino kuvaka mano yezvidzidzo zvemisi misere.