Kutanga: Nei Zvichikosha Kuti Hurumende Ive Nezvirongwa

Zuva nezuva, zvisarudzo zvinoitwa nevakuru vakuru vehurumende zvinotapura kwamunogona kuvaka musha, madzidzire avana venyu, kunaka kwemvura yaunonwa, uye kuchengeteka kwemigwagwa yaunotyaira.

Kunzwisisa mwero mitatu mikuru yehurumende muUnited States ̬ nzanga, nyika, uye nzvimbo ̬ haisati iri chishandisowo zvacho chinoshanda nokuda kwoupenyu hwezuva riri rose, kutsigira nokuda kwokuchinja, uye kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vazvidavirire. Iyi nhungamiro yakakura inoputsa mitoro yakasiana yomwero mumwe nomumwe, inotsanangura kuti vanoshanda pamwe chete sei, uye inogovera mienzaniso yenyika chaiyo kukubetsera kuona gadziriro iri mumabasa.

Hurumende Yehurumende: Simba Rinoumba Rudzi

Hurumende yehurumende, yakagara muWashington, D.C., ine chiremera pamusoro penhau dzinotapura nyika yose. Masimba ayo anorongwa muBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. uye anobatanidza nharaunda umo kusvika kworudzi kwakafanana kuri madikanwa. Hurumende yehurumende inokamurwa kuva mapazi matatu ̬legisitive (Chonage), mukuru mukuru (Presidente namasangano ehurumende), uye (matare echibvumirano) ̬ inokamura mabasa akananga.

Kudzivirira Nyika Nemitemo Yokumwe

Kudzivirira nyika patyisidziro dzokunze mutoro mukuru wehurumende. Department of Department inotarisira mauto ane zvombo, kubatanidza Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, uye Space Force. Hurumende yehurumende inodzorawo ukama hwokunze kupfurikidza neState Department, inotaurirana zvibvumirano, uye inomirira fariro dzeU.S. mumasangano amarudzi ose seUnited Nations neNATO. Hurumende yehurumende bedzi inogona kuzivisa hondo, kuchengeta mauto, uye kuita zvibvumirano namamwe marudzi.

Mitemo Yemibato Yenyika Nezvokutengeserana ZveInterstate

Hurumende yehurumende inodzora kugoverwa kwemari yenyika kupfurikidza neFederal Reserve System. Inogadza mwero yemubereko, inodzora mabhangi, uye inodzora kukwira kwemitengo. Commerce Claus weBumbiro reMitemo rinopa Congress simba rokudzora kutengeserana pakati penyika, uko kunotapura chinhu chiri chose kubva kumipimo yekotsekano yebhizimisi kusvikira kumirao yerori. Masangano eFederal Trade Commission naSecureties and Exchangeal Commission anotarisira miitiro yebhizimisi nemisikanyo yemari yokudzivirira vatengidzi vezvokutengeserana.

Kutama - tama Nokuzvimba

Mutemo weFoodl unodzora avo vangapinda muUnited States, kuti vangagara kwenguva yakareba sei, uye muitiro wokuva vagari vemo veUnited States neMabasa okutama kuU.S. zvinobata kushandira kwevhisa, makadhi matema, uye mitambo yokubereka. Tsika neFomlustration Protection shoders shongedzo dzekupinda, nepo Immigration and Customment ichimanicactives inoita kuti mitemo yokupinda munyika ive muUnited States. Nyika nenzvimbo zvisagona kugadzira mitemo yazvo yokutama, kunyange zvazvo zvingabatira pamwe kana kuti kuramba kubatsira zvirongwa zvokuchengetedza nyika.

Matare Ehurumende Negadziriro Yeruramisiro

Dare redare rehurumende rinobata nhau dzinobatanidza Bumbiro reMitemo, mitemo yehurumende, makakatanwa pakati pehurumende, uye nhau umo hurumende yeU. Dare Rapamusorosoro idare rapamusoro zvikurusa munyika uye rine chirevo chokupedzisira pamibvunzo yebumbiro remitemo. matare eruwa nematare edare ehurumende anotonga mhaka dzoutsotsi dzinobatanidza mhaka dzehurumende, kuputswa kwekodzero dzavagari vemo, uye kurasikirwa nechikwereti. Department of Justice, inotungamirirwa neAttorney General, inotonga mhaka dzomubatanidzwa uye inomirira hurumende munhau dzepamutemo.

Kudzivirirwa Kwemhoteredzo Nekutengwa

Zvirongwa zvakafanana neNdengedzo yeEvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) zvakagadza mipimo yenyika nokuda kwomugariro wemhepo nemvura, kuraswa kwetsvina ine ngozi, uye kuchengeteka kwemakemikoro. Consumer Product Safety Commission inoyeuka zvinhu zvine ngozi, uye Food and Drug Administration inovimbisa kuti mishonga, zvokudya, uye zvishandiso zvemishonga zvakakotsekana. Iyi mipimo yehurumende inogovera mupimo uyo nyika ingapfuura asi haigoni kuderera.

Hurumende: Hurumende Yepakati

Nyika imwe neimwe ye50 inoshandisa hurumende yayo imene masimba asina kupiwa kuhurumende yehurumende. Hurumende dzakaumbwa nenzira yakafanana kugadziriro yomubatanidzwa, ine gavhuna, mutongi wehurumende (kazhinji kazhinji bimeral), uye gadziriro yedare rehurumende. Hurumende dzinowanzogovera dzimwe maruramiro nedziviriro kupfuura Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S.

Dzidzo Nezvikoro Zvavose

Dzidzo mutoro mukuru wehurumende. Nyika imwe neimwe inogadza mipimo yedzidzo, inogadza zvinodikanwa zvokupedza kufunda, uye inotarisira magwaro okupa magwaro okupa mudzidzisi. Madhipatimendi edzidzo ehurumende anoparadzira mari kumaruwa ezvikoro omunzvimbomo, anotungamirira nzvero dzinodzorwa, uye anogombedzera kuwirirana nemitemo yedzidzo yeruwa yakadai seAll Students Reseeds Act. Nepo mabhodhi echikoro omunzvimbomo anotarisira mabasa ezuva nezuva, hurumende ine chiremera chakakwana pagadziriro yedzidzo yavose.

Zvekufambisa Nezvirongwa

Hurumende dzinotarisira migwagwa mikuru, mabhiriji, nhandare dzendege, uye gadziriro dzokufambisa vanhu mumiganhu yadzo. Madhipatimendi ehurumende egadziriro dzezvokufambisa nemabasa okutsigira migwagwa, anochengeta migwagwa yeruwa inopfuura nomuhurumende, uye anoshandira pamwe nemasangano ehurumende pamibato mikuru yezvirongwa.

Utano Hwavose Nemasangano Enzanga

Hurumende dzinotarisira madhipatimendi outano hwavanhu vose anoona kupararira kwehosha, maresitorendi, uye mapurogiramu okudzivirira. Dzinoronga Medicaid, purogiramu yeinishuwarenzi youtano yehurumende yevanhu vanowana mari shoma, uye dzinotarisira mapurogiramu seChild’s Health Inishuwarence Program (CHIP). Masangano ehurumende enzanga anotarisira zvokudya anobata rubatsiro rwemari yechinguvana (TENF), mabasa okuyamura vana, uye zvirongwa zvokutarisira.

Ruramisiro Youtsotsi Nomutemo weHurumende

Hurumende dzinoita mitemo youtsotsi inoshanda mukati memiganhu yayo, ichifukidza mhaka dzinovambira pakuputswa kwemigwagwa kusvikira kumatare akakomba. matare ehurumende anotonga ruzhinji rwemhaka dzoutsotsi, kubatanidza kuba, kudenha, mhaka dzemirimo, uye kuponda. masangano amapurisa ehurumende anoongorora migwagwa, uye anogovera tsigiro kuvashandi vemitemo yomunzvimbomo.

Mitero Nokushandisa Mari

Hurumende dzinopa mari yokugovera mari yokushandisa padzidzo, kutarisira utano, zvokufambisa, zvokukotsekana, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha.

Hurumende Yomunzvimbomo: Uko Hurumende Inosangana Noupenyu Hwezuva Nezuva

Local governments—counties, cities, towns, villages, and special districts—are the level of government most Americans interact with regularly. They are created by state governments and exercise powers delegated by the state. While their structure varies widely, local governments share common responsibilities that directly affect residents' quality of life.

Nyika Dzine Matura, Mahofisi, uye Maruwa Chaiwo

Matura enzvimbo dzomumaruwa nedzisina kubatanidzwa, kubatanidza kuunganidzwa kwemitero yezvinhu, kuchengeta (kuberekwa, rufu, roorano, mabasa enzvimbo), uye kutarisirwa kwematare namajeri. Mabhazitist ̬ maguta nemaguta ̬ mabasa okugovera miganhu yakanyoreswa, zvakadai semapurisa nedziviriro yomoto, mvura netsvina, kuunganidzwa kwetsvina, uye mapaki. Maruwa chaiwo, kufanana namaruwa ezvikoro, maruwa emvura, uye maruwa anodzivira, anopa mibato yakananga mukati nharaunda dzakarondedzerwa.

Kuchengeteka Kwavose Nemabasa Okukurumidzira

Hurumende dzemo dzinotarisira madhipatimendi emapurisa anogamuchira runhare, nharaunda dzinotarisira, uye anoongorora mhosva dziri pasi padzo. Madhipatimendi okudzima moto anobata moto, njodzi, uye zvinhu zvine ngozi. Masangano ezvekurapa anopa zvokufambisa zvemaamburenzi uye kutarisira kusati kwaitika. Mahofisi anotarisira njodzi dzoga dzomunzvimbomo anoronga zviito zvenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, njodzi dzoutano, uye zvinoitika zvakakura.

Ordinances NeZoning

Makurukota eguta neruwa anoratidzira mitemo yomunzvimbomo iyo inokurukura zvinodikanwa zvenzanga zvakananga, zvakadai semiganhu yoruzha, mirau yapachivako, mabumbiro emitemo okuvaka, uye kuisa bhizimisi. Mitemo yokudzosa inokamura nyika kuva maruwa (ezvemari, ezvemarike, ezvemarimi), uye inodzora chinogona kuvakwa uko. Komishoni yokuronga kurukurirano dzekubudirira, kubvumira kuvaka, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti kuvakwa kusangana nekotsekano nemipimo yetsika yebasa.

Mabasa Avose Nemasangano Enzanga

Hurumende dzemo dzinotarisira migwagwa, nzira dzomumigwagwa, marobhoti, maraiti emotokari, uye zvivako zvevanhu vose. Dzinoshandisa nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa pakurapa mvura, mapurogiramu etsvina, uye makambani okushandisa mvura inogadzirwa nemabumbiro emvura.

Dzidzo Yomunzvimbomo Nebhodhi Yechikoro

Zvikoro zvavose zvinodzorwa zvikurukuru namasangano ezvikoro anobhadharwa munzvimbomo ayo anopinza vatarisiri, anobvumira bhajeti, anogadza zvidzidzo mukati menhungamiro dzehurumende, uye anotarisira zvivako zvezvikoro. Korobha rezvikoro reprojekiti relevy (panobvumirwa nomutemo wehurumende) kutsigira dzidzo yomunzvimbomo. Nepo hurumende dzichigadza mipimo yakafara, madare ezvikoro omunzvimbomo anoita zvisarudzo pamusoro pevashandi, kuvharwa kwezvikoro, uye zvokutanga zvedzidzo izvo zvinotapura zvakananga vadzidzi nemhuri.

Kushanda Kwaiita Matanho Matatu Ehurumende Pamwe Chete

Kunzwisisa kuti basa iri rinobatsira sei vanhu kuti vakwanise kufamba zvakanaka, kunobatsirana.

Kushandisa Kufamba Negadziriro Dzezvipo

Hurumende yehurumende inounganidza mari yakawanda yemitero uye inoparadzira mari kunyika nenzvimbo kupfurikidza nezvipo. Zvipo zvezvipo zvinofanira kushandiswa nokuda kwamadonzo akati, zvakadai sokuvaka mugwagwa mukuru kana kuti gadziriro dzoutano hwavanhu vose, uye kazhinji kazhinji zvinova nemigariro. Bhangi rinopa mari inobvumira mari maererano zvikuru mumashandisiro ayo anoita mari munharaunda dzakafara. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinogamuchirawo mari yemari yezvikoro, zvivako, uye mabasa enzanga, zvinowedzerwa nemitero yenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo yemitero yemari nemitero yokutengesa.

Kushandiswa Kwemitemo Kupfuura Nyika

Mitemo yeForence Act yeIntest inowanzotsamira pahurumende dzomunzvimbomo kuti ishande. Somuenzaniso, Cea Air Act inogadza mipimo yomugariro wemhepo yenyika, asi masangano emhoteredzo anoronga kusvitsa mipimo iyoyo ndokuishandisa munharaunda. Affordcable Care Act inogadza gadziriro yehurumende yeinishuwarenzi youtano, asi hurumende dzinotarisira misika yavo vamene yeinishuwarenzi nepurogiramu dzeMedicaid. Iyi muenzaniso wokubatana kunobvumira nharidzano dzenyika nepo inowirirana nemigariro yomunzvimbomo.

Kupindura Kwengwavaira Nokutarisira Kwekurumidziro

Kana njodzi yacho yaparadza vanhu, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinotanga kupindura. Kana njodzi yacho ikakurira zviwanikwa zvomunzvimbomo, hurumende inopa rubatsiro. Kana pfuma yehurumende yapera, gavhuna anokumbira chiziviso chenjodzi yehurumende, achivhura FEMA mari uye vashandi vehurumende. Iyi nzira yakanyorwa inovimbisa kuti betsero inosvika apo inodikanwa apo inoramba ichiita zvisarudzo munzvimbo yacho sezvinobvira.

Mitoro Yokutarisira Vamwe

Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinobatanidza mwero mizhinji yehurumende. Dziviriro yemhoteredzo, chengeteko yebasa, uye dziviriro dzavatengi kazhinji kazhinji zvine mipimo miduku yehurumende inogona kusimbisa. Nyika dzingakumbirawo vadzivisi pamitemo yehurumende kuedza mitoo yakasiana - siana yokushandisa mitoo yakadai sokuparwa kweutano kana kuti chinjo dzegarikano.

Mienzaniso Yenyika Chaiyoiyo Yemitoro yeHurumende Iri Kushanda

Kuvaka Nzira Itsva

Kuvaka mugwagwa mutsva kunobatanidza mwero yose mitatu yehurumende. Hurumende yehurumende inogovera mari kupfurikidza neHighway Trust Fund uye inoronga zvinodikanwa zvehwirudzuro. Bazi rezvokufambisa regadziriro dzenzira, rinowana nzvimbo, rinotarisira zvibvumirano zvokuvaka, uye rinotarisira mugwagwa wapera. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinogadziridza kuronga pedyo nekurukurirano itsva, dzinotarisira motokari mumigwagwa inofambidzana, uye dzingapa mari nokuda kwemigwagwa yokupinda yomunzvimbomo.

Kupindura Dambudziko Routano Hworuzhinji

Panguva yokutanga kwehosha, madhipatimendi omunzvimbomo outano anozivisa zvinoitika uye kuwirirana. Hurumende yemarabhoritari outano inonzvera ndokubatanidza nzvimbo yechipatara. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention inogovera unyanzvi, tsigiro yerabhoritari, uye mari. Department of Health and Human Services rinogona kutumira migove yezvokurapa navashandi. Uku kubatana kunoponesa upenyu kupfurikidza nezvishandiso zvokushandisa pamutezo uri wose.

Kudzivirirwa Kwemhoteredzo

Fekitari inobudisa zvinoshatisa inofanira kuwirirana nemipimo yeEPA yehurumende nokuda kwomugariro wemhepo nemvura. Sangano remhoteredzo rehurumende rinopa mvumo yokushanda kwenzvimbo, kunzvera, uye kugombedzera. Hurumende yomunzvimbomo ingava nemimwe mirau pamusoro poruzha, hwema, kana kuti motokari. Kana kuputsa kukaitika, mwero upi noupi wehurumende unogona kuita chiito chokuchengeta, uye vagari vemo vanogona kushuma itiro hanya kudhipatimendi ravo routano romunzvimbomo kana kuti mhoteredzo inopisa zvikuru.

Nei Kunzwisisa Hurumende Kuchikosha Kuvagari Vomunyika

Kana mugwagwa wako une kahwanda, kudana vedhipatimendi rebasa rehurumende kuti vashande zvinobudirira pane kukurukura nemumiririri wako weUnited States.

Kunzwisisa mwero yehurumende kunokuitawo muvhoti anobudirira zvikuru. Paunoziva kuti hurumende dzinodzora muitiro wedzidzo uye hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinodzora nzvimbo, unogona kuyera vanoda kupiwa maruramiro akavakirwa pachiremera chavo chaichoicho. Unogonawo kurongera nhamburiko dzako dzokuva mubati wehurumende ̬ nyora kudare reguta rako pamusoro pomutemo womunzvimbomo, kunyorera hurumende yako muiti wemitemo pamusoro pemari inotsigirwa nemugwagwa mukuru mukuru, kana kuti kuvavarira kuboka rako pamusoro pemiitiro yezvoutano yehurumende.

Zvinetso zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvinoda kubatana uye kubvumirana muhurumende dzose, hurumende, uye nzvimbo. Vagari vanonzwisisa kuoma kunzwisisa uku vakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuti vatsigire zvakanaka muupenyu hwavo uye kuti vachengete vakuru vakuru vavo vakasarudzwa kuti vazvidavirire mabasa avanenge vanyatsoita.

Mafungiro Anowanzotaurwa Asina Kunaka Pamusoro Pezvinzvimbo Zvehurumende

Miscception: Hurumende yehurumende inodzora zvikoro zvavose. Chaizvoizvo, dzidzo mutoro mukuru wenyika nomunzvimbomo. Hurumende yehurumende inogovera mari uye inoisa zvinodikanwa kupfurikidza nemitemo seMudzidzi Ari wose Wese Wenefied Act, asi zvinofundwa, mudzidzisi, uye zvisarudzo zvemari yechikoro zvinoitwa panzvimbo nemwero yomunzvimbomo.

Miscrect: Mapurisa omunzvimbomo anomanikidzira mitemo yose. Kumanikidzirwa kwehurumende yemunzvimbomo nemitemo yomunzvimbomo mukati mesimba rayo. Masangano eFAMBI yeFBI anonzvera mhaka dzomubatanidzwa, uye mapurisa ehurumende anomanikidzira mitemo yehurumende pamigwagwa mikuru uye munharaunda dzisina kubatanidzwa. Miganhu yemitemo yemitemo inogona kuparira mikaha mikaha inoda kubatana pakati pamasangano.

Misclect: Gavhuna anodzora hurumende yose. Vatongi vane simba, asi vanogoverana chiremera nevanopa mitemo nemitemo yokudzora, uye nematare ehurumende anodudzira mitemo. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vakawanda, kufanana namagweta makuru uye vanyori vehurumende, vanosarudzwa vari voga uye vangava vamasangano ezvematongerwe enyika akasiyana - siyana kupfuura gavhuna.

Zvaungaita Kuti Ushande Nehurumende Yoga Yoga

Panzvimbo yomunzvimbomo: Ipinda dare reguta nemisangano yedare rechikoro. Zvipindurire nokuda kwamabhodhi nemirairo. Taura nomutezo wedare reguta pamusoro penhau dzomunzvimbomo. Vote musarudzo dzamaminisitasiparati, idzo kazhinji kazhinji dzine shavo dzakaderera uye umo vhoti yako inotakura uremu hwakawanda.

Pamwero wehurumende: Sarudza mumiriri wako wenyika nedare. Ringairira pakutonga kwedare pazvinyorwa zvine chokuita newe. Hlanganira mutsinhiro dzapachena nokuda kwokuita utongi hwesangano rehurumende. Vote muhurumende sarudzo nokuda kwagavhuna wagavhuna, mutezo, uye mahofisi enyika ose.

Pamwero womubatanidzwa: Sarurira mumiriri wako nedare reU. Phochosa tsinhiro pamirau yehurumende inokarakadzwa kupfurikidza neFederal Register. Hlanganisa mukutonga kwavose kwehurumende nehoro dzetaundi. Vote musarudzo dzehurumende dzeCongress nePucedia.

mhedziso

Mitengo mitatu yehurumende yeAmerica ̬federal, nyika, uye ̬ imwe neimwe ine mitoro yakasiana inoumba upenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva munzira dzisingaverengeki. Kubva pabasa rehurumende yehurumende mudziviriro yorudzi uye gadziriro yemari kuchiremera chehurumende pamusoro pedzidzo nechifambiso kuenda kudzoro yehurumende yomunzvimbomo yemigwagwa, mapurisa, uye nyika inokamurwa yakagadzirwa kudzikamisa chinzwano chorudzi nedzomunharaunda.

Kunzwisisa mitoro iyi hakusi kungodzidza chete, kunokuita kuti ukwanise kugadzirisa zvinetso zvakanaka, kuvhota nenzira inobudirira, uye kutsigira zvinobudirira nhau dzaune hanya nadzo. Kana ukaziva kuti ihurumende ipi inobata zvinhu, unogona kutungamirira simba rako pazvichava netapuro huru.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, nzvero .gov's kunzvera mapazu ehurumende, hwirudzura mashoko ehurumende akajeka kupfurikidza ne Conference of State Legistrations, kana kuti kudzidza pamusoro pezvivako zvehurumende yomunzvimbomo kubva ku [[FLT:] National League of Cities[.

Kana ukawana nguva yokunzwisisa kuti hurumende yako inoshanda sei, unosimbisa mano ako okuita chimwe chinhu, kutsigira, uye kuita kuti vatungamiriri vako vazvidavirire.