Ukama pakati paPurezidhendi neCongress chinhu chinokosha chehurumende yeUnited States. Kunzwisisa masimba avo kunokosha kumunhu upi noupi anofarira nhau yeAmerica nezvamatongerwe enyika. Bumbiro reMitemo reU.U.S. rakatanga gadziriro yamasimba akaparadzana, kuparadzira chiremera pakati pehurumende, chibvumirano, uye mapazu okutonga. Uyu mutungamiriri webazu revakuru nerezvokuchinja. () . .Baya redare rezvamatongerwe enyika rinotonga Hurumende yeAmerica. Mitemo yavo yetsika, zviito zvehondo, uye upenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevaAmerica. Iyi inoongorora nheyo dzemitemo yemitemo, zvirongwa zvinoshanda, uye mhindumupinduko yamasimba avo anopesana, inosimbisa chiyero chinodzikamisa mamiriro ezvinhu anoshamisa aAmerica muhurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.

Kushanda Kwebumbiro reMitemo Remasimba aPurezidhendi

Chikamu II cheBumbiro reMitemo chinopa simba guru muMutungamiriri weUnited States. Kunyange zvazvo mashoko acho ari mapfupi zvikuru kupfuura nyaya yemitemo, basa raPurezidhendi rakakura zvikuru kupfurikidza nokushandisa, muenzaniso, uye kududzira. Vagadziri vacho vaida Purezidhendi kuva mutungamiriri akasimba, akabatana anokwanisa kuita chiito nokukurumidza (8) asi nguva dzose muganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo. Nhasi, masimba apurezidhendi anowira mumapoka anoverengeka anowirirana.

Masimba Ane Simba

Purezidhendi anoshanda somukuru webazu guru, ane mutoro wokuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo yehurumende inotoitwa nokutendeka. Ikoku kunobatanidza kutarisira boka guru ramadhipatimendi namasangano, kubva kuBato roUviko kusvikira kuNdengedzero. Purezidhendi ane chiremera chokupa mirairo yehurumende inodzorwa nehurumende. Kunyange zvazvo kusati kuri mutemo, zvirevo zvavakuru vakuru zvinotakura simba romutemo kutoti zvaputswa neDare kana kuti kurohwa nematare. Mienzaniso isingacherechedzwi inobatanidza Emancipation Proclation uye kuumbwa kwemireza yemitengo yenyika pasi peAnties Act.

Uyezve, Purezidhendi ane simba rokugadza uye anobvuma zano reDare, Purezidhendi anogadza nhengo dzedare, nhume, vatongi vehurumende, uye vatongi veDare Repamusorosoro.

Masimba Omutemo

Kunyange zvazvo Purezidhendi asati ari mutezo weCongress, vanoita basa rinokosha mumuitiro wewirirano. Chishandiso chine simba zvikurusa iveveto: Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kuramba mabhiri anopfuudzwa namakamuri ose ari maviri. Congress anogona kudzora bedzi voruzhinji ne 3tatu muimba imwe neimwe. Mapurezidhendi azvino uno anoronga kurondedzera bhanhire remari risingawanzobudirira. Kutyisidzira kweveto yoga kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kunopesvedzera zviri mukati memitemo. Mutungamiriri anogonawo kudana marusando chaiwo eCongress (kunyange iri simba raderera kuva risingashandiswi) uye nguva dzose kudzokororesa zvinhu zvinokosha kupfurikidza neSangano yeUniyo yeUniyo. Mapurezidhendi azvino ano kazhinji anokarakadza kurondedzera bhajeko remitemo uye mutemo wokuronga kurongwa kwemitemo.

Masimba Emauto Neokumwe

Bumbiro reMitemo rinogadza Purezidhendi seMutungamiriri wemauto ane zvombo. Ikoku kunopa Purezidhendi udzori hwokushanda pahondo napakugona kuraira mauto kupinda muhondo. Zvisinei, Congress bedzi inogona kuzivisa hondo, kunyanduka kwakatungamirira kumakumi amakore. Kubvira paHondo Yenyika II, Purezidhendi akaisa mauto eU.U.S. kurwisana muKorea, Vietnam, Iraq, uye Afghanistan pasina ziziviso dzepamutemo dzehondo. Masimba ehondo ehondo anogona kuzivisa chibvumirano cha 1973 akaedza kudzosa chiremera cheBhoterano, achiraira Purezidhendi kuti azivise mauto mukati mamaawa 48 okuita mauto uye kuti abude pashure pamazuva 60 okunge abvumirwa. Purezidhenti akapania agara ari mumutemo.

Muzvinhu zvokunze, Purezidhendi ane simba rokutaura zvibvumirano (netendero yeDare yechitatu) uye kupinda muzvibvumirano zvehurumende (zvisati zvichida tendero yeDare). Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogamuchirawo nhume dzokumwe uye anoziva dzimwe hurumende (masimba anogona kuumba ukama hweU.S. pasina kurangarira. Dare Rapamusoro kazhinji kazhinji rakaregeredza Purezidhendi mumuitiro wokumwe, achidudza kudikanwa kwechinzwano nokuvandikano.

Masimba Okutonga

Purezidhendi anogadza vatongi vehurumende, kubatanidza vatongi veDare reDare Gurusa, vachiumba vatongi kwezvizvarwa. Uku kugadza kunoda kusimbiswa kwedare, uko kwazova kunokakavara zvikuru. Purezidhendi anewo simba rokupazve nokukanganwira mhaka dzehurumende . kunze kwemhosva dzekusabvumirana. Pardons dzakakwana uye hadzigoni kudzorwa neDare kana kuti matare. Kukanganwira kukuru, kwakadai seregererwo yaRichard Nixon, kunoratidzira ukuru hwechiremera ichi.

Basa Nemasimba eDare

Chikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo chinopa Hurumende yose masimba omutemo. Ibazu rokutanga nerine simba zvikurusa mugadziriro, rakaitirwa kuva pedyo zvikuru navanhu. Congress inoumbwa namakamuri maviri: Imba yaVamiririri, nemitezo yakasarudzwa makore maviri ari ose yakavakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vemo, uye Dare, nemitezo miviri pahurumende painosarudza makore matanhatu ari ose. Ichi chivako chinovimbisa zvose zviri zviviri kumirira kwakakurumbira nokuenzana kwomugariro.

Chiremera Chomutemo

Basa guru reCongress nderokuita mitemo. Mabhii anofanira kupfuura makamuri ose ari maviri muchimiro chakafanana ndokupiwa kuna Purezidhendi nokuda kwokusaina kana kuti chigadziko. Muitiro unobatanidza mabhii, nharo dzouriri, uye kugadziriswa. Dare rinewo simba rokudzora nyika nekutengeserana kwokumwe, mari yokukwereta, mari yemari, mari yemari, kuvamba mahofisi eposi, uye kugovera dziviriro yavose. "Nacesary ne" Classias (Artle I, Chikamu 8, Classiace 18) rinopawo mitemo inodikanwa kuti iite kuti ipedze masimba ayo anorira, gadziriro yakatsigira kukura kukuru kwechiremera chehurumende.

Dare rinewo simba rokuzivisa hondo, kusimudzira nokutsigira mauto, kugovera nokuchengeta mauto, uye kugadzira mitemo nokuda kwemauto. apo Purezidhendi anotungamirira mabasa ehondo, Congress anodzora mari uye anogona kuisa miganhu. Simba rechikwama ndeimwe yenzvero hurusa dzeCongress pamukuru wemauto.

Kuronga Mari Yacho Nokupa Nzwisiso

Congress inodzora kushandiswa kwemari negadziriro yemari. Hapana mari inogona kutorwa kubva kuvenzi pasina kudzorwa nomutemo. Ikoku kunopa Congress pesvedzero huru pamusoro pezvinhu zvokutanga zvehurumende. Purezidhendi anokarakadza bhajeti, asi Congress anonyora mari chaiyoiyo yokushandisa. Kukundikana kupfuura purogiramu dzemari kunogona kutungamirira kurumano rwehurumende rwekudzima . Congregational Ballet yazvino uno yeSangano reProject ya1940 yagadzira muitiro wemari yazvino uno, kubatanidza Congresssionation Department Office kugovera kunzvera kusingatsigiri.

Kutarisira Nokuongorora

Dare rine chiremera chikuru chokutarisira bazu guru. Ikoku kunobatanidza kudzosera mhaka, kunyora magwaro nezvipupuriro, uye kunzvera. Kunzvera kunovimbisa kuti mitemo inoiswa sechakarongwa uye inofumura tsvina, kunyengera, uye kushatisa. Kudzosa chinhu chinoshandiswa chine simba zvikurusa: Imba inogona kudzosa Purezidhendi (kana kuti vamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende) nokuda kwe "chipopoka, kana kuti mamwe utsotsi hwakakwirira uye utsotsi husingaruramisirwi," uye Dare redare rinotonga kubvisa. Mapurezidhendi maviri bedzi anenge apiwa basa neImba uye apiwa mhosva naGeneratime; wechitatu anobviswa pamberi pekusava nechino. Simba rokusarira kuva munhu anonzvera haachawanzoshandiswa, asi chimiro charo chezvamatongerwe enyika chinoreva.

Zano Nebvumirano

Dare rine masimba echienzi okusimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi nezvibvumirano zverafy. Iri "basa nokubvuma" rinoreva kuti Dare rinofanira kutendera vanyori vedare, vatongi vehurumende, vamiririri, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru vanogadza. Muitiro wacho wazova unotora nguva huru, nokunonozeka nokurambwa. Zvibvumirano zvinoda voruzhinji veDare rembiri, uko kuri chikonzero nei Mapurezidhendi kazhinji kazhinji achitendeukira kuzvibvumirano zvavakuru vakuru nokuda kwezvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose izvo zvinongoda bedzi voruzhinji mumakamuri ose.

Makemikari Nedzikamo: Kusimba Pakati Pemapazu

Purezidhendi neCongress vanofanira kushanda pamwe chete vachizvidavirirana.

Veto Ndokushata

Chikamu chaPurezidhendi icherekedzo yakananga paCongress. Apo Purezidhendi anodzosa mutemo, unogona kudzokera kuCongress, iyo inogona kudzora nevhoti mbiri- 3 muimba imwe neimwe. Kushambadza hakuwanzoitika (kungova 4% yevetoes dzave dzisingadzoreki munhau yeU.S.. zvisinei, tyisidzirowo zvayo yeveto inogona kumanikidza Chibvumirano kugadziridza mutemo. Ntoiwo, ingagonawo kuva chibvumirano chetsinhamiso. Mutsetse-vharo, unobvumira Purezidhendi kurova zvinhu zvakatingairwa, zvakaziviswa kuti zvishayise zvinhu zvakatiswa, mu [[FLT:][FL:][1][FLP][2]

Kurayira

Simba reCongress rokusaidzira zvimwe icherekedzo yokupedzisira. Imba inopikiswa nevoruzhinjiwo zvavo; Dare rinenge riine mhaka uye rinobvisa nedziviri nhatu. Mapurezidhendi matatu bedzi akashorwa: Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, naDonald Trump (tice). Hapana akapomerwa mhaka. Muitiro wacho ndewezvamatongerwe enyika zvikuru, uye mukana wokubvisa musengwa wakakwirira. Chityisidziro chokusawirirana chinogona, zvisinei, kudzora tsika dzapurezidhendi.

Kusimbiswa Nezano

Kusimbiswa kweDare kwokugadzwa kwapurezidhendi kunovimbisa kuti mukuru mukuru haagoni kuita nzvimbo pasina nguva mberi. Uku kunzvera kune revo zvikuru nokuda kwedare, uko kugadza kwoupenyu hwose kunoreva kuti nhaka yokutonga yaPurezidhendi inogonawo kumisa zvibvumirano, ichiganhurira mano aPurezidhendi okuita misengwa yamarudzi ose. Nenzira inopesana, Mapurezidhendi akashandisa zvikuru kuronga kwokuronga kwapanhambo nemimwe miitiro kumisa Dare, kuchitungamirira kuzvinetso zvapamutemo nokuchinja.

Kushanduka Kwesimba Nokufamba Kwenguva

Kunzwisisa mhindumupindu iyi ndiyo musi wakatanga kutongwa neDare Repamusorosoro, uye kuchinja kwakaita vanhu hakuna kuchinja.

Kushanda Kutsva Nokuwedzera Kwevatungamiriri Vazvino Uno

Kuderera Kukuru kwoUkuru Hwemari ye1930 kwakaparira kukura kukuru kwesimba rapurezidhendi. Purezidhendi Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deact yakada chiito chokukurumidza, chikuru icho Dare guru raipa basa nokudisa. Dare Gurusa pakutanga rakakunda nhano dzinoverengeka dzeNew Defect, asi pashure pekunge FDR ya "Sault - packing" tyisidziro, Dare rakavamba kutsigira chiremera chenyika chakafara. Kubvira panguva iyeyo, kuva panzvimbo yehurumende yeAmerica, neDare ramasangano raiwanzotaura pamusoro penhau dzakaoma semitemo yezvemari negarikano yenzanga. Dare reBatiro reSangano rePrenteerciente rakaitwa muna 1939, rinoita kuti purezidhendi wehurumende vatsinharo nezvishandiso.

Chisarudzo Chehondo Nechisimba Chesangano

Vietnam War yakaratidzira ngozi dzokuita purezidhendi asingadzorwi. Mumhinduro, Congress yakapfuudza Chisarudzo cheHondo pamusoro paPurezidhendi Nixon muna 1973. Mutemo unoraira Purezidhendi kuzivisa Congress mukati mamaawa 48 okuita mauto ane zvombo uye kugumisa chiito chipi nechipi chehondo pashure pamazuva 60 kutoti Congress ichibvumira kuwedzerwa kana kuti kuzivisa hondo. Mapurezidhendi anodzora kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji akawirirana nechinodikanwa cheziviso asi akarangarira kuti chisarudzo chacho idenho isina kudzorwa pachiremera chaPresidenti weMutungamiriri weHurumende yeChesterin-Cheefa. matare akadzivisa zvikuru kutonga pamusoro pemitemo yayo yemitemo, achisiya nhau yacho isingagadziriswi.

Kududzira Kutonga Nokuchinja - chinja Kwepfungwa

Zvisarudzo zveDare guru zvakaramba zvichiumba chiyero chesimba. [FLT] United States v. Nixton[FLT]] [7984], Dare rakabvumirana kuti Purezidhendi haagoni kushandisa ropafadzo yedare kubvisa ufakazi mumhaka yetsotsi, kusimbisa kutarisira kwedare. [[FLT:][FLT]]INS v. Chad[[[FRAT:5]] [1903], Dare rakarova miganhu yeChibvumirano yeChibvumirano chemitemo, chinoshandiswa kubvisa mabasa edare. Nguva pfupi yapfuura iyi. [[FLT] .]

Kusagadzikana Kwazvino Uno: Chiito Chisiri Chomubatanidzwa uye Kuchinja Kwemapoka

Mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya, jadroblock in Congress yakatungamirira Mapurezidhendi kutsamira nenzira inowedzera pamirairo yavakuru vakuru, zvibvumirano zvehurumende, uye kuiswa kwoutongi kuti zvizadzike nharidzano dzavo. Ikoku kwakanyandura pomero dzokuva mukuru vanonyengera. Congress, kurutivi rwayo, yapindura nokunyima mari, kuramba, uye kushandisa Congregational Review Act kuti igadziridze miraudzo yemite. Muuyo irwisano yakashata, inopfuurira nokuda kwesimba. Nhau dzapanguva ino dzinopfuurira dzakafanana nokuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu outano, uye kuchinja mamiriro okunze (jeka) zvinorwiwa nenzira inowedzera kupfurikidza nechiito chomukuru uye kupesana panzvimbo yomutemo. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinopikisa kuti tsika yazova dzisina kudzikamaturo nenzira inotyisa, nepo vamwe vanoona serwisano yomusikirwo nokukurumidza kunetsa.

Mugumisiro: Kuramba Tichiparadzana Nemasimba

Kunzwisisa masimba aPurezidhendi neCongress kunokosha kunzwisisa simba rehurumende yeAmerica. Ukama uhwu hunoratidzirwa nokushandira pamwe, makwikwi, uye gadziriro yakarongedzerwa kuchengeta dzikamo nokuzvidavirira. Nepo gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo ichiri yakabatana zvikuru, kushandiswa kwesimba kwakavapo zvinoshamisa nehondo, zvinetso zvemari, uye rwisano dzezvematongerwe enyika. Sangano iri mugadziriro yayo iri mugadziriro yayo: hapana bazi ringashanda rose zvaro, uye nzira imwe neimwe ine kudzivisa kupindira. Vagari vanonzwisisa masimba aya vanokwanisa zviri nani kuongorora zviito zvehurumende uye kuita kuti vamiririridzirwe. Sezvo nyika inotarisana nezvinetso zvitsva, Purezidhendi neDare richapfuurira kuedza miganhuro yechiremera chavo, zvichitiyeuchidza kuti masimba anoparadza nyika haapo, asi anotsiva mararami.