Kutanga Kupinda Musangano reHurumende yeUnited States

Hurumende yeUnited States inoshanda pasi pegadziriro yebumbiro remitemo yakarongedzerwa kuparadzira simba ndokudzivisa sangano ripi neripi kuva rinonyanyodzora. Nokuda kwavadzidzi, vadzidzisi, uye vagari vemo vanovimbisa, inonzwisisa ichi chivako kuvakirwa kukugona kurava nokunyora. Hurumende haisati iri sangano rimwe chete asi muitiro wamapazu akasiyana, mwero, uye mitoro inopa mitoro inowirirana iyo inoparira utongi hunodzorwa. Iyi nhungamiro inopa kuderera kukuru kwamarongedzerwe akaitwa, kubva pamapazu matatu ehurumende yoruwa kuhurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo, uye inotsanangura nheyo huru dzinochengeta gadziriro yetsika dzakadzikama dzakadzikama.

Mapazi Matatu eHurumende Inotonga Nyika Dzakabatana

Bumbiro reMitemo rinokamura hurumende yehurumende kuva mapazi matatu akaparadzana: Legislative, Gurukota, uye Chirevo. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rakarondedzera masimba namabasa, uye rakarongedzerwa kunzvera nokudzikamisana. Uku kuparadzana kwamasimba ibwe resimba rekudzora kweAmerica.

Bazu Romutemo: Vaiti Vemitemo

Gwende reSauchislative Bazu, rakatangwa muChikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo, rinoitwa basa nokuita mitemo yehurumende.Iko chirongwa chebhimeya chinoumbwa neDare neImba yaVamiririri.

Dare

Dare rine mitezo 100 .Nyau inobatira mashoko ane makore matanhatu anozunguzika. Iri chivako chinovimbisa kuenzana kwehurumende pasinei zvapo nevagari vemo. Vamiririri vakasarudzwa pakuvamba nedzimba dzehurumende asi vakasarudzwa zvakananga chifo che 17th Amendment muna 1913. Dare rine masimba akasiyana anobatanidza kunyoresa zvibvumirano (rinovhota matatu maviri) uye rinosimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi savamiririri vekadhi, vatongi vehurumende, uye nhume. Mutongi weSangano rinobatira saPrezidhente we 17th Amestery yeDare, kuvhota mavhotera kana kuri madikanwa.

Imba Yavamiriri

Imba yavamiriri panguva ino ine mitezo inovhota 435, nenhume dzehurumende imwe neimwe dzinowirirana nechiverengero chayo chavanhu sechinosarudzwa nenhamba inotsaurwa. Vamiririri vanobatira mashoko amakore maviri, vachiita kuti Imba igamuchire zvakananga zvikuru kuvasarudzi. Zvikwereti zvose zvemari zvinofanira kutangira muImba. House inewo simba rimwe rokudzosa vakuru vakuru vehurumende, kubatanidza Purezidhendi, kupfurikidza nevhoti yakapfava. Sauni weImba, akasarudzwa neboka guru, ndiye mukuru mukuru wehurumende.

Pamwe chete, makamuri ose ari maviri anofanira kupfuudza mutemo mumwe chetewo isati yagona kutumirwa kuPurezidhendi. Gadziriro yacho inokosha kumuitiro wemitemo, umo zvikwereti zvinofundwa, kurukurirano, uye kugadziridzwa pamberi perangariro youriri. Matare makuru anobatanidza Appropriary, Judiary, uye Foreign Relations muDare, uye Nzira neFracts, Appropriations, uye Mitemories muImba.

Bazu Rine Chiremera: Vamanikidzi

Bhazi Rinotungamirirwa neBazi Rinopa Utungamiriri, rinorondedzerwa muChikamu II, rine mutoro wokusimbisa mitemo inopiwa neCongress. Rinotungamirirwa naPrezidenti, uyo anobatira somusoro wehurumende uye mukuru mukuru wehurumende. Purezidhendi anosarudzwa makore mana ari ose kupfurikidza neElectoral College uye rinoganhurirwa kumashoko maviri kupfurikidza neIPramendement yechi 22.

Purezidhendi naMutungamiriri weHurumende

Purezidhendi ane masimba makuru kubatanidza kuraira mauto ane zvombo, kupa kanganwiro, kutaurirana zvibvumirano (nezano reDare nemvumo), uye kugadza vakuru vakuru vehurumende. Purezidhendi anopawo State of the Union uye anogona kupa mutemo. Vice Purezidhendi, akasarudzwa patikiti rimwe chetero, anotsigira Purezidhendi uye anomira akagadzirira kutora purezidhendi kana achidikanwa. Mutungamiriri weSango anotungamirirawo paDare, sezvadudzwa pamusoro apa.

Mahofisi Edare Neanotungamirira

Dare rinoumbwa navakuru vakuru 15 vemadhipatimendi makuru, vakadai seDhipatimendi reHurumende, rePurezidhendi, reMagariro, neDzidziro. Ava vanyori vanogadzwa naPrezidhendi ndokusimbiswa neDare. Vanopa zano Purezidhendi ndokutarisira madhipatimendi avo. Kuwedzera, hurumende huru yehurumende (kubatanidza masangano makuru akazvimirira akadai seInvironmental Protection Agency (EPA), Federal Reserve, uye National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) inobvumira kuti basa rezuva nezuva rehurumende. Mirayiro nezviziviso zvinobvumira Purezidhendi wehurumende kutungamirira mabasa ehurumende pasina mutemo mutsva, kunyange zvazvo zvichigona kudzorwa neDare reHurumende kana kuti zviitwe.

Kubudirira KwaPurezidhendi

Kana Purezidhendi akafa, akarega basa, kana kuti akabviswa, Purezidhendi Mutungamiriri wePrezidhendi anova Purezidhendi weProfesie Explowition Act ya1947 inosimbisa nhevedzano pashure poMutungamiriri weSangano: Mutauriri weImba, Purezidhendi mukuru weSangano, uye ipapo vanyori veKibinati mukuronga kusikwa kwedhipatimendi.

Bazu Rokutonga: Vari Kuwana

Bhazi Rokutonga, rakatangwa muChikamu III, rinodudzira mitemo uye rinovimbisa kuti inowirirana neBumbiro reMitemo. Madison[Forence:1] matare ane simba rokuongorora, zvinoreva kuti anogona kurova mitemo kana kuti zviito zvokutonga zvinoputsa Bumbiro remitemo. Simba iri rakasimbiswa munhau 1803 [[FL:0] Marbury v. Madison

Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa

Dare rapamusoro zvikurusa idare rapamusoro zvikurusa munyika. Rinoumbwa neruramisiro pfumbamwe yeChirevo Chikuru neVatongi vasere vanobatira kugadzwa kwoupenyu hwose (pamberi pomufambiro wakanaka). Vatongi vanogadzwa naPurezidhendi ndokusimbiswa neDare. Dare rinonzwa zvikumbiro zvakabva kumatare akaderera uye rine chiremera chapakuvamba mumhaka dzinobatanidza nyika kana kuti vamiriri vokumwe. Gore rimwe nerimwe, Dare rinosarudza dzinenge 10050 muzviuru zvemikumbiro. Zvisarudzo zvaro zvaro ndezvokupedzisira uye zvinoiswa mumuenzaniso nokuda kworudzi rwose.

Matare Echibharo

Pasi peDare guru pane Dare reZvipikiso (matunhu) uye maDare oruwa (94). Matare oruwa imatare okutonga umo mhaka dzehurumende dzinovamba, kubatanidza nhau dzevagari vemo, utsotsi, uye kubhuroka. Dare reZvipikiso rinohwirudzura zvisarudzo zveDare reRuwa, kunangidzira ngwariro pamhaka dzapamutemo nebumbiro remitemo. Kunewo matare chaiwo akaita seDare reInternational Trade and Court of Federal Agements.

Kuzvimirira kwedare redzimhosva kunokosha zvikuru pane mamwe mapazu.

Kuongorora uye Dzikamo Zvinoshanda

Gadziriro yecheki nedzikamo dzinovimbisa kuti bazu rimwe nerimwe rinogona kuganhurira masimba amamwe. Ikoku kunodzivisa bazu ripi neripi kudzora uye rinoda batira pamwe. Heino mienzaniso chaiyo:

  • Nzvero dzinodzorwa pa Huru hweProfesi: Congress inogona kukurira dare rapurezidhendi nevoruzhinji vari mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Rinogona kuramba kusimbisa vamirine, kudzivisa mari, uye kubvisa mutungamiriri kana kuti vamwe vakuru vakuru. Dare rinofanira kunyoresa zvibvumirano.
  • Kunzvera kweChirevo: Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kupfuudza mari dzechikwereti dzakapfuudzwa neCongress. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kudana kuti Congress ive purogiramu chaiyo. Mutongi weSanihedheni anovhota muDare kuti aparadzane. Mirayiro yeGuru inogona kutungamirira mashandisirwe emitemo.
  • Nzvero dzechiJudicial pamapazu ose ari maviri: Matare anogona kuzivisa mitemo isingawirirani nemitemo (kuhwirudzura). Dare Gurusa rinogona kubvisa zviito zvehurumende zvinopfuura chiremera chebumbiro remitemo. Ganhuriro dzinobatira kwoupenyu, naizvozvo hadzibviswi nyore nyore.
  • Mitemo inonzvera paJudia: Mutungamiriri wehurumende anotonga vatongi namatare, anoumba mutongi kwezvizvarwa. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogonawo kupa kanganwiro nokuda kwemhosva dzehurumende, iyo iri nzvero pamutongo wokutonga.
  • Nzvero dzechikosha paJudiciary: Congress inogona kuchinja ukuru hwematare ehurumende (kunyange zvazvo ukuru hweDare Gurusa hunogadzwa nomutemo). Inogona kukarakadza kugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo kuti itsive zvisarudzo zvedare. Dare rinosimbisa kana kuti kuramba magumo edare.

Somuenzaniso, kana Congress ikapa mutemo unorambidza kutaura norusununguko, matare anogona kuuparadza.

Bumbiro Remitemo Nedzokugadziriswa Kwaro

Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S., rakanyoreswa muna 1787 uye rakatenderwa muna 1788, ndiwo mutemo mukurusa wenyika.

Bhizi Rekodzero Dzevanhu

Kugadziridzwa kwegumi kwokutanga, kwaizivikanwa pamwe chete seBill of Rights, kwakatenderwa muna 1791 kudzivirira rusununguko rwomunhu oga kubva kuvhozhokerwa nehurumende. Kunobatanidza rusununguko rwokutaura, rudzidziso, pepanhau, gungano, uye chikumbiro (chiNgezi); maruramiro okutakura zvombo; dziviriro pakunzvera kusina mufungo nepfari (rechi4); muitiro wakafanira nedziviriro mukurwisana nokuzvidzora pachako umene (rechi6); maruramiro kumuedzo wokukurumidza; uye dziviriro pakurangwa kwoutsinye nechisina kufanira.

Kuchinja Bumbiro Remitemo

Bumbiro reMitemo rinogona kugadziridzwa kupfurikidza negadziriro yakakomba yakagadzirirwa kuva nechokwadi chebvumirano huru. Kugadziridzwa kungakarakadzwa nevhoti mbiri-chitatu mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri dzeCongress kana kuti nekokorodzano yenyika inonzi nedziviri tatu dzemasangano ehurumende. Kudzorwa kunoda mvumo nedzitatu dzemitemo kana kuti kokorodzano dzenyika. Kugadziriswa 27 bedzi kwawedzerwa chifo cha1791. Mienzaniso isingatanhamari inobatanidza Hurumende ye13 (kubudisa uranda), yechi 19 (kudzosa kwavakadzi), uye 26 (kudzosa zera rokuvhota kusvika ku18.

Kushanda Munzvimbo Dzakabatana: Simba Rinogoverana Pakati Pehurumende Dzorudzi Nedzehurumende

U.S. inoshanda mugadziriro yehurumende, umo simba rinokamuraniswa pakati pehurumende yorudzi nehurumende dzehurumende. Bumbiro reMitemo rinoronga masimba chaiwo ehurumende (mutoo, kuumba mari, kuzivisa hondo, kudzora kutengeserana kwenyika) nepo Hurumende ye10 ye Amendment inogovera mamwe masimba ose kunyika. Uku uchangamire huviri hunobvumira nyika kubatira samahoro ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, kuedza nemiitiro pamusoro pedzidzo, dzidzo youtano, zvokufambisa, uye ruramisiro yeutsotsi.

Hurumende Dzehurumende

Imwe neimwe yenyika 50 ine bumbiro rayo imene, iro rinofanira kuva rinotsinhirana neBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. hurumende dzinoratidzira chimiro chehurumende namapazu matatu:

  • Bazu rePuregial: Riri kutungamirirwa nagavhuna, akasarudzwa nehurumende. Gavhuna vanotarisira masangano ehurumende uye vane simba pamitemo yehurumende. Masangano mazhinji anosarudzawo vamwe vakuru vakuru vakadai sagavhuna wehurumende, ggweta mukuru, uye munyori wenyika.
  • Bazu reIndaneti:[[FT:1] nyika 49 dzine mabumeral compoonal commission (Nebraska ine unicameral system). Vatongi vanoita mitemo yehurumende, vanotendera bhajeti, uye vanosimbisa kugadzwa kwedare. Zvikamu neurefu hwerusaiti.
  • Bazu reJodicial: matare eHurumende anobata mhaka dzakawanda zvikurusa dzemitemo, kubatanidza mutemo wemhuri, zvibvumirano, kukakavadzana kwezvinhu, uye nhau zhinjisa dzoutsotsi. matare makurusa ehurumende ndiro chiremera chakakwirira zvikurusa pamutemo wehurumende. Vatongi vangasarudzwa kana kuti kugadzwa zvichitsamira pahurumende.

Hurumende Dzomunzvimbomo

Matura, maguta, misha, misha, uye maruwa chaiwo (zvakadai samaruwa ezvikoro) zvinoumba mwero womunzvimbomo. Anosikwa nehurumende dzehurumende uye ane masimba anogoverwa nebumbiro remitemo rehurumende kana kuti mirau. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinobata mabasa anotapura zvakananga upenyu hwezuva nezuva: mapurisa nedziviriro yomoto, zvikoro zvavose, kuronga mazarira, uye migwagwa yomunzvimbomo. Zvimiro zvehurumende yomunzvimbomo zvinobatanidza meya, conger-managent, uye masangano emishoni. Vagari vanowanzobatirana navakuru vakuru vakuru vemo, vanopinda misangano yechikoro kana kuti matare eguta.

Basa Remapati Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Nezvisarudzo

Nepo zvisati zvadudzwa muBumbiro reMitemo, masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anoita basa guru mukuronga hurumende. Masangano makuru maviri .Dhemocratic and Republican(antete nokuda kwesimba pamwero yose. Kusarudza kunosarudza kuti ndiani anobata basa, uye muitiro wevhota unodzorwa nemuvhenganiswa wehurumende nemitemo yehurumende. Purezidhendi anosarudzwa kupfurikidza neElectoral College, apo hurumende imwe neimwe inowana vavhoti vasaruki vanoenzana neboka rayo (zvigaro zveimba pamwe chete nezvigaro zviviri zveSanators). Vatongi vazhinjisarira vose vanodzorwa kuhwina vvuki vvutsi. Congress, masangano ehurumende, uye mahofisi omunzvimbomo anosarudzwa namavhotera akakurumbira anobvumira kuvhotera kuvhotera vavhotera, nepomesa vokupedzisira vanowana.

Kubatana Kunoita Vagari Vemo Nehurumende

Kunzwisisa purogiramu yacho ndiyo nhano yokutanga; kutora rutivi ndorunotevera. Vagari vemo vanogona kuita nenzira zhinji:

  • Kuvhota: Chiito chinokosha zvikurusa. Register kuvhota nokutora rutivi musarudzo dzomunzvimbomo, hurumende, uye dzehurumende.
  • Vamiriri vanowirirana:[ Kuridza runhare, email, kana kuti nyorera mitezo yako yeCongress, vaiti vemitemo vehurumende, uye vakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo. Nhau dzomunhu oga dzinogona kupesvedzera muitiro.
  • Pakupinda misangano yavose:[[FLT: 1] Dare reChikoro, dare reguta, uye misangano yeruwa yakazarukira vanhu. Nguva dzetsinhiro dzavose dzinokubvumira kutaura.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kubatira pamahungwe edare: Basa rehurumende rinosimbisa bazu rokutonga.
  • Kubhadharwa nokuda kwehofisi: mahofisi omunzvimbomo akawanda nehurumende anowanika kuvagariwo zvavo vasina bhajeti huru dzenhimbe.
  • Advoceism nekuita: Ibatanidza kana kuti kutsigira masangano anowirirana nezvinodiwa newe. First Amendment inodzivirira kodzero yokukumbira hurumende.

Nokuda kwefundo yakadzama, nzvero zviwanikwa zvapamutemo zvakadai se USA.gov, [[FT:2] mapeji eNational Archive Constitution , uye nzvimbo yeDare rapamusoro [. Izvi zvinogovera mashoko ane chiremera nezvinyorwa zvikuru.

mhedziso

Sangano rehurumende yeUnited States rakaoma noune kudzivirira rusununguko uye kuvimbisa kuzvidavirira. Kuvambira pakuparadzaniswa kwamasimba pamwero wehurumende yehurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo, rutivi rwuri rwose rune basa. Kuziva kuti mapazi anobatira pamwe sei, kuti makwapa anonzvera sei uye anodzikamisa zvinoshanda sei, uye kuti Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa sei gadziriro mhenyu simba rinopa vagari vemo simba rokutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira muhurumende yavo inosarudzwa navanhu. Kunyange uri mudzidzi akagadzirira nokuda kwebvunzo yehurumende, mudzidzisi anotsanangura iyi mifungo, kana kuti mudzidzi woupenyu hwose anokudza kunzwisisa kwako, iyi nhungamiro inopa sei nheyo yakasimba zvikuru mutsika ino iri navanhu, avo vanoumba hurumende yavo inoziviswa kupfurikidza nokuvimbisa nebhokisi rebhora.