Matanho Api Ari Maruva?

Mitemo inokarakadzwa, kugadziridzwa kwemitemo inoumbwa, kana kuti mibvunzo inotenderwa zvakananga kana kuti kurambwa pabhokisi rebhorati. Inomirira rudzi rwehurumende inosarudzwa nehurumende inosarudzwa. Inopa vagari vemo simba rokurega mitemo inosarudzwa uye kuronga gadziriro dzavose. Nepo United States zvikurukuru iri hurumende inomiririra hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, inopfuura hafu yehurumende dzeU. Hurumende dzinobvumira rudzi rwakati rwemwero yehurumende yehurumende, uye zviuru zvehurumende dzomunzvimbomo zvinovabvumirawo. Kutanga kwemazuva ano nerevendimendium zvine midzi yazvo muNguva inofambira mberi yezana ramakore rechi20, apo vachinji vaitsvaka kuputsa simba remichina yezvamatongerwe enyika yezvamatongerwe enyika nepesvedzero yesangano renyika. Oregon vakava mumwe wemasangano okutanga okutanga munyika 1904, uye marudzi akawanda okumadokero kwapakati pemadokero kwakadziva. Nhasi, kutevera dare remitemo yemitero yemitero yemitemo yemitemo yehondo yehurumende yeRoma uye yehomoni.

Marudzi Ezviyero Zveballot

Pane mapoka anoverengeka akasiyana ezviyero zvebholoti, chimwe nechimwe chine mavara acho omutemo nezvinodikanwa zvacho.

Kutanga

Kutanga kukarakadzwa ndokuiswa pavhoti navagari vemo, kwete nedare remitemo. Vatsigiri vanofanira kuunganidza nhamba yakatarwa yesiginicha dzinoshanda kubva kuvavhoti vakanyoreswa mukati meseji yakarondedzerwa. Kutanga kunogona kupatsanurwazve kuva mapoka maviri maduku:

  • Nhano dzokutanga [ dzinoenda zvakananga kuroti pashure pokusaina uchokwadi, dzichirega kubvumira chose chose chigaro chomutemo.
  • [[FOLT:0] Nhano dzisati dzakananga[ dzinotanga kuiswa kudare remitemo nokuda kwokurangarira; kana chigaro chemitemo chikasapfuura chiyero mukati menhambo yakagadzwa, ipapo chinoenda kuvavhoti. Uku kusvika kwenhano mbiri kunoshandiswa munyika shomanene, kubatanidza Maine naMassachusetts.

Vanotanga vanogona kutaura mutemo wemitemo (mitemowo zvayo) kana kuti kugadziriswa kwebumbiro remitemo, netanho dzebumbiro remitemo dzinowanzoda kusaina zvakawanda uye kutenderwa kwakakwirira. Somuenzaniso, Chirongwa cheCalifornia 13 (1978) chakanga chiri chirongwa chebumbiro remitemo chakaderedza mitero yezvinhu uye mari yehurumende yakachinja kwemakumi emakore.

Kuchinja

Mareferencem anobvumira vavhoti kutendera kana kuti kuramba mitemo yakatopfuudzwa nedare. Kune marudzi makuru maviri:

  • [[FLT: 0] Popural pendendium[[FLT: 1]: Vagari vanokumbira kudenha mutemo wakananga unoitwa nedare remitemo. Kana kusaina kwakakwana kukaunganidzwa, mutemo unomiswa kutozosvikira vavhoti vasarudza kuutsigira kana kuti kuudzosera. Icho chinowanzoshandiswa sechishandiso chevhato.
  • Registative rendendium: Chibvumirano chimene chinonongedzera mwero kuvavhoti nokuda kwetendero. Ichochi chinozivikanwa nokuda kwenhau dzechisungo, wedzero dzemitero, uye gadziridzo dzebumbiro-mitemo dzakarairwa nomutemo wehurumende. Marurami erendisum anogona kuva anosungirwa (akarongwa nebumbiro remitemo, zvakadai sebumbiro remitemo rehurumende) kana kuti kusarudza pachisarudzo chemitemo.

Mibvunzo Yokunyengedza Nemamwe Marudzi

Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira mibvunzo kana kuti nzvero dzemiitiro dzisina simba remitemo. Izvi zvinowanzova zvisingasungi uye zvinoshandiswa kuyera mirangariro yavanhu. Mukuwedzera, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinowanzoshandisa zvitanho zvokurongera nokuda kwokuchinja kwenzvimbo, zvisungo zvezvikoro, uye dzimwe nhau dzemanisiparati. Nepo aya matanho omunzvimbomo achishanda munheyo dzimwe chetedzo, anodzorwa nemirau yehurumende nemitemo yemasipala izvo zvinosiana zvikuru.

Kutanga Kuchitevera Nhano

Kunzwisisa matanho aya kunobatsira vavhoti kunzwisisa kuti nei mamwe matanho achibudirira uye mamwe achikundikana.

Kuongorora Matanho Acho

Vatsigiri — kazhinji kazhinji mapoka evagari vemo, masangano echimuko, kana kuti zvibvumirano zvechimuko — vanonyora mashoko omutemo unokarakadzwa kana kuti dare rinogadziridzwa. Iyi dhindindi inofanira kuva yakajeka, inoita zviri pamutemo, uye inowirirana nomutemo wehurumende unozviisa pasi, unodzivisa kuronga (nhau dzisina kufanana pamwero mumwe). Nyika dzakawanda dzinoda kuhwirudzurwa negweta kana kuti hofisi yesarudzo yehurumende kuti itende kuti mwero wacho uwirirane nezvinodikanwa zvehurumende.

Kuunganidza Zvikumbiro Nesaini Dzokuunganidza

Kana mwero wacho wangotenderwa bedzi nokuda kwokuparadzirwa, vatsigiri vanovamba kuunganidza siginicha kuvavhoti vakanyoresa. Chiverengero chesinomboro chinodikanwa chinowanzova chikamu muzana chezvivhoti zvakaiswa muvhoti munguva pfupi yapfuura zvikurusa munyika yose. Nokuda kwezvirongwa, chikumbaridzo chinowanzova pakati pe5% ne10%; nokuda kwekugadziridza kwebumbiro remitemo, chingava chakakwirira (kusvikira ku 15% mune dzimwe nyika). Nguva inowanzova inova yakaoma — kazhinji 90 kusvikira ku180 mazuva — kumanikidza varongi kukurumidza kuvaka zvinhu uye kuunganidza vazvipiri vanobhadhadharira kana kuti vaunganidziridziridziri.

Kusimbiswa Nevakuru Vakuru Vechisarudzo

Pashure pokuzviisa pasi, vakuru vakuru vesarudzo vanohwirudzura siginicha kuva nechokwadi chokuti ivo ndevavhoti vakanyoreswa uye kuti vanokwana. Chikamu chesiginicha chinongoshandiswa; kana nhamba yezvisaini zvinoshanda yakaitwa ikasangana nechikumbaridzo, mwero wacho ungapfuurira. Kana mupimo wacho wava pedyo zvikuru kudana, uchokwadi hwakazara hungaitwa. Muitiro uyu unogona kuva unokakavadzana, nedenho dzapamutemo pamusoro pokunyengedzerwa, kusaina kusina kukwana, kana kuti zvikanganiso zvepamutemo.

Muti uye Pfupiso

Izvi zvinowanzonyorwa negweta guru kana kuti nedare revhota uye zvinofanira kuva zvisingasaruri uye zvinorayiridza. Mashoko emusoro wacho anogona kupesvedzera zvikuru kunzwisisa kwomuvhoti, uye gakava pamusoro pomutauro unosarura kazhinji rinoguma mudare.

Nhimbe Nokuvaka Mitambo

Nechiyero chenzvimbo inovhoterwa, chimiro chenhimbe dzinopesana. Vatsigiri navashori vanosimudza mari, kushambadza kwendege, kuva nekurukurirano, uye mabhuku etsamba kuvavhoti. Mutungamiriri wemashoko, anoparadzirwa nehurumende, anowanzobatanidza mashoko akazara echiyero, nharo nokuda uye kupesana, uye nhevedzano yemigumisiro. Pazuva resarudzo, vavhoti vanotara chisarudzo chavo, uye mwero unopfuura kana ichigamuchira voruzhinji vakapfava — kutoti bumbiro remitemo richida kuti marudzi akati ezviito (g., mutero kana kuti kuwedzerwa kwemitemo).

Kushandisa uye Kuongorora Kutonga

Kana chiyero chikatenderwa, chiyero chichava mutemo — kazhinji kazhinji kana kuti pamusi wakatarwa unoshanda. Zvisinei, mutemo upi noupi unodzorwa nedare. Matare anogona kurova mwero wedare kana akaputsa Bumbiro remitemo reU.S., bumbiro remitemo rehurumende, kana kuti mutemo wehurumende. Somuenzaniso, Puroce 8 (2008), uyo wakarambidza roorano imwe cheteyo yetenditi, pakupedzisira yakaparadzwa nematare ehurumende. Kugadza kunogona kurayirawo chiito chemitemo kana kuti chirongwa chesangano kuti chizadzike muudzame.

Kutsanangurwa Kwemagadzirirwo Eparendendium

Mareferendendum anopawo mamwe mashoko okutanga asi anokonzerwa nokuronga mitemo pane kukarakadzwa nevagari vemo.

Kuzvinyima Kwakakurumbira

Pashure pokunge mutemo wasainwa nagavhuna, vashori vane hwindo rakaganhurirwa — zvikurukuru mazuva 90 — kunyora chikumbiro chokumisa mutemo uchimirira vhoti yavose. Vanofanira kuunganidza nhamba yakati yezvisaini (kazhinji kazhinji chiverengero chevhoti dzakasiiwa murusarudzo rwokupedzisira) kumanikidza vatendi. Nepo chikumbiro chacho chichiparadzirwa, mutemo haugoni kuita chimwe chinhu. Pazuva resarudzo, vavhoti vanobvunzwa: "Murayiro uyu unofanira kutenderwa here?" anovhota mutengi womutemo; "no" anoudzosa. Kana chivhoti chikadzo hachigoni kungoitawo mutemo mumwe chete woga kwenguva yakatemwa (makore mashanu). Chisarudzo chinozivikanwa chinonzi chinonzi chinoitwa nemhaka yokusanwa zvakasimba.

Kudzorerwa Kwomutemo

Rudzi urwu rwenongedzero rwakapararira zvikuru. Mabumbiro emitemo ehurumende anowanzoda kuti zviito zvakati — zvakadai sokururamisa bumbiro remitemo, kubudisa zvisungo zvemisengwa yavose, kana kuti mitero inowedzera — zvipiwe kuvavhoti. Mitumbi yapamutemo panhambo nenhambo inosarudzawo kunongedzera kunhau dzinomutsa nharo (seroorano imwe cheteyo kana kuti nguva inoponesa zuva) kubvumira vavhoti kusarudza. Idzi dzvurum dzinobatanidza uye dzinoda vhoti zhinji kutoti dzinange dzadudzwa.

Basa Renhimbe Nemari

Nhimbe dzemwero webhallot ibhizimisi guru. Mumakwikwi akakwirira eprofile, mari inogona kupinda mumazana amamirioni amadhora. Mari inobva kumakambani, masangano, mapoka okuwana mhindu, vanhu vakapfuma, uye pane dzimwe nguva matare ebato rehurumende. Nemhaka yokuti zvipimo zvetsoropodzo hazvisati zviri zvitsama zvenhimbe, kazhinji kazhinji hapasati pane ganhuriro dzemupiro — kunyange zvazvo mamwe maruwa achiisa zvinodikanwa zvokuzivisa.

Masimba echiyero chokuedza kukwirira anosiana nemapoka avada kukwirira. Vatsigiri havatongozivi nhau uye vanotapurika zvikuru kukunyengetedza kwemirangariro, kutaura kunotsausa, uye nzira dzokutyisidzira nadzo. Vazivi vanowanzonangidzira ngwariro pamiuyo inofungidzirwa yechiyero panzvimbo porugwaro rwayo chairwoirwo. Vashori vemwero vangairatidzira se "mutero paboka rapakati" kana kuti "ngozi kuchengeteko yavose," nepo vatsigiri vangapikira kuti "kuchena" kana kuti "hurumende yakachena zvikuru."

Chinetso chikuru ndechekuti chishoro chakasanosarurwa chinogona kukunda nyore nyore nhano yokutanga, kunyange kana chine tsigiro yavose yakafara. Nhano inodzorwa nehurumende inogona kupfuudzira vashori vayo kakawanda. Somuenzaniso, muchisarudzo cheCalifornia 2020, Proposition 22 (inorongwa kuva vatyairi vemichina yemakombiyuta sevagadziri vazvimiriyoni) yakaona mari inopfuura mamiriyoni US $20 mumari yose yakabatanidzwa — imwe yemwero inodhura zvikurusa yemibato munhau. Mwero wapfudza, zvikurukuru nemhaka youremu hwemari yemakambani anotakura zvinhu.

Kukosha Kwechibaloti Kunoenderana Nehurumende Inosarudzwa Nayo

Mitemo yebhallot inoshanda mabasa anoverengeka anokosha. Inobvumira vagari vemo kufuratira mitemo yakavharwa kana kuti yakaonekwa kufariro chaidzo. Inoita kuti miitiro mitsva ingasaitwa neimwe nzira — yakadai semitemo yemhepo isina utsi, wedzero shomanene yemibayiro, uye mipimo yegarikano yemhuka. Inopawo inzwi rakananga panhau dzenzanga dzinokakavara zvikuru, kubva pakodzero dzokubvisa mimba kubetsera kuzviuraya.

Uyezve, marongedzero ezvirongwa zvekuvhota anogona kushanda sevharuvha yokudzivirira kukangaidzika kwevanhu. Apo masangano emitemo anoronga zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha — zvakadai sokuita kuti mbanje ive pamutemo, kuchinja zvinhu, kana kuti miganhu yemari yenhimbe — vagari vemo vanogona kuzviitira zvavanoda.

Zvinetso Nokutsoropodza

Pasinei zvapo nokukwidza kwadzo kwoutongi hwegutsaruzhinji, matanho okuvhota mapepa haangopiki.

Kuoma Kunzwisisa Nokuchinja - chinja Kwepfungwa

Mutauro wemipimo yeroti unogona kuva wakadzama, wemitemo, uye wakazara nezvinodikanwa. Vavhoti vazhinji havaravi rugwaro rwakazara ndokuvimba panzvimbo pezvo nezvipfupi, kutendera, uye kushambadzira kwenhimbe. Nzvero dzakaratidza kuti vavhoti kazhinji kazhinji havanzwisisi simba chairoiro remwero yero, zvikurukuru apo inobatanidza zvikamu zvinofamba zvakawanda kana kuti zvinenge zvakavanzika zvokutengesa.

Kuputswa Kwoudzori Humwe

Kunyange zvazvo nyika zhinjisa dzichida mwero mumwe nomumwe kubatanidza nhau imwe bedzi, kunyora kwakachenjera kunogona kubatanidza gadziriro dzakakurumbira nedzisingafarirwi kuva chikarakadzo chimwe. aya mano okuvhota kuti vagamuchire chimwe chinhu chavanoshora kuti vawane chimwe chinhu chavanoda. Dare kazhinji kazhinji rinopindira kuputsa zvitanho zvakadaro, asi kuronga kuisa nguva mukuwirirana nechisingadeyi kuonwa.

Kuda Kuduku uye Kupikisana Kwevakuru

Nemhaka yokuti mipimo yemabhomba inosarudzwa nevoruzhinji, inogona kushandiswa kuisa mitemo yokusasarura ganda — yakadai seganhuriro paroorano imwe cheteyo yevatano kana kuti zvirambidzo zvinotenderwa. Nepo matare gare gare anogona kushandura matanho akadaro pazvikonzero zvebumbiro remitemo, muitiro wokupa mhaka unogona kutora makore, mukati mawo mapoka maduku anotambura kuvadziko chaiyoiyo.

Mari Yemunhimbe Inosiana

Sezvataurwa, ndyiko dzenhimbe dzezvinoyera dzazvino uno dzinoreva kuti fariro dzakapfuma dzakabvisa pesvedzero. Chishoro chakasanorongwa chinogona kuuraya mwero wakati kunyange kana voruzhinji vavagari vemo vakaitsigira, kungopfurikidza nokungoisa mhepo netsamba dzakaipa. Nenzira inopesana, mutsigiri akapfuma anogona kutenga nzvimbo pabhora retsoropodzo kupfurikidza nokuunganidza kwakawanda nebhendi inobhadharwa. Ikoku kunomutsa funganyo pamusoro pokuti mutoo wokutanga wacho zvirokwazvo unoderedza inzwi ravagariwo zvavo kana kuti kungopa bedzi mumwe mutezo wemari.

Kuneta Kwemagaro uye Kureba Kwendege

Masangano mazhinji zvino ane zvisarudzo zvirefu nezvizhinji, zvikurukuru mumakore esarudzo akatoenzana. Majeri anokarirwa kunzvera chimwe nechimwe, icho chiri kuronga nguva. Somuuyo, vavhoti vazhinji vanorega zvitanho zveGaboratoota kana kuti vhoti yakavakirwa pamanyuko mamwe emashoko, zvakadai setendero yebato kana kuti mupepeti wenhau wepepanhau. Ikoku kunoderedza varadziro yedemocracy yakananga.

Nzira Yokunzvera Nayo uye Yekuvhiya Mitambo

Kuvhota uchiziva pakutora matanho kunoda kushandira zviripo.Hedzino nhano dzinoshanda dzokuderedza ruzha rwacho.

Kutanga Namanyuko Apamutemo

Website yehofisi yehurumende yesarudzo inobudisa nhungamiro yepamutemo yemashoko anovhota, inobatanidza mashoko akazara emwero mumwe nomumwe, pfupi isina rusaruro, kuongorora kwepfupiso yepabonde, uye nharo dzinopiwa nevatsigiri nevashori. Iri ndiro rinobva. Ongororawo hofisi yesarudzo yeruwa rwako nokuda kwezviito zvomunzvimbomo.

Shandisa Zviwanikwa Zvisingapindwi

Masangano anoverengeka anogovera tsananguro dzisina kusiiwa, dzakajeka mumitauro. Ballotia inopa mazaruriro ane udzame emwero mumwe nomumwe, kubatanidza mamiriro ezvinhu ekare, tsigiro nenharo dzechishoro, mahwendefa emari, uye mashoko akapoteredza enhau. Chinzwano chaVakadzi chinobudisa pro/con mudzimwe nyika. Raibhurari yako yomunzvimbomo ingavawo nezvitungamiriri zvevongi.

Verenga Kupfuura Mutoro

Musoro weroti nepfupiso ndezvipfupi namaune uye zvinogona kutsausa. Somuenzaniso, chiyereso chinonzi “ISCIT yeVHOVHA” chinganzwika kuva chiri nyore, asi udzame (madirects anogamuchirika, kuti mapokai anotapurwa nenzira isingaenzaniswi) inhau huru. Nguva dzose verenga rugwaro rwakazara kana kuti kusanonzvera kubva kumanyuko anovimbwa.

Tevera Mari Yacho

Tarisa kuti ndiani ari kutsigira mari nhimbe imwe neimwe. Mawebsite eDrusaremu (anowanzochengetwa nehurumende) akarongwa. Kana divi rimwe richitsigirwa zvikuru nesangano rimwe kana kuti indasitiri, bvunza kuti nei. Tevedzera pepanhau revenyuro rinonzvera vavariro dziri seri kweyero. National Conference of State Legislatures

Funga Nezvemigumisiro Isingakarirwi

Chiyereso cherabhu chinoratidzika kuva chakananga chingava nemiuyo yemazaya. Somuenzaniso, mwero uyo mutero wemitero yenzvimbo ungatungamirira kuderedza mari yezvikoro namabasa ekurumidziro. Mwero unonyoresa pamutemo murimo ungaparira mitoro mitsva yamasangano ehurumende. Kurovanya kwetsinga, nepo pane dzimwe nguva kupokanidzwa, ipfundo rakanaka kutanga kunzvera kushambadza.

Kubatanidzwa Mukuzvidira Kwenzanga

Zvisinei, ngwarira kutsigira mirangariro — tsvaka nokushingaira nharo kubva kurutivi runopikisana kuti uedze mirangariro yako umene.

Mienzaniso Yenhau Isingacherechedzeki

Mipimo yamarudzi okuvhota inoverengeka yakaumba mutemo weAmerica namatongerwe enyika zvikuru.

  • California Programme 13 (1978): Mitero yenzvimbo yakachipa uye yaida vhoti mbiri mativi matatu dzemitemo nokuda kwokuwedzera kwomutero. Kwakatanga kumukira kwomutero munyika yose uye kunopfuurira kupesvedzera bhajeti rehurumende.
  • Colorado Amendment 64 (202): mbanje yapamutemo, inotanga nhano dzakafanana munyika yose.
  • Shashington State Initive 1000 (2008): chiremba akanyoreswa pamutemo akabetsera kuzviuraya mumigariro yakaoma.
  • programu 200 (20004): Chibvumikiso chinodikanwa chougari hwemo kuti uvhote nokuzivikanwa panzvero — muenzaniso wapakuvamba womuitiro wevhoti yed Office yakaitwa kupfurikidza nokutanga.
  • Minnesota Amendment 1 (202)]: Kugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo kunokarakadzwa kurondedzera roorano somurume nomukadzi mumwe; yakakundwa, kuchiratidzira nhambo yokuchinja mukurukurirano imwe cheteyo yeroorano.

mhedziso

Mitanho yeBallot nemhindu zvishandiso zvine simba nokuda kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu zvakananga, kupa vavhoti banza rokuumba mutemo nomuitiro kunze kwomuitiro wemitemo. Vanogona kuita chinjo dzinokosha, kusimudzira kuvimbisana kwevagari vemo, uye kuita kuti hurumende izvidavirire. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vanouya nengozi chaidzoidzo: kuoma, kusaenzana kwemari, kuvadziko inobvira kukodzero shomanene, uye kupera simba. Mugari ane mutoro anosvika mipimo isingavimbiswi nounyanzvi mukutaura kwechirongwa, asi nokunzvera kwokungwarira, kufunga kwokusangwarira, uye kudisa kupinda muudzamende. Kunzwisisa kuti izvi matanho anoshanda sei — kubva mukuungana kuhwirudzura kudare — Revotalson angaita kuti zvisarudzo zvisimbise nzanga dzavo nehurumende yavo.