Chirongwa Chomutemo Chokutarisira Dare

Kutarisira kweCongress hakusati kuriwo gamuchidzanwa retsikawo zvaro; iko kuraira kwapamutemo kwakavakirwa muparadzano yamasimba. MaFramers eBumbiro reMitemo akagadzira gadziriro umo bazu rimwe nerimwe rehurumende rinobatira secherekedzo padzimwe. Chikamu Inopa Congress masimba ose emitemo, kubatanidza simba rokunzvera nokutarisira kupiwa kwemitemo. Dare rapamusoro rasimbisa chiremera muzvinoitika zvetsika zvakadai se [FLT: 0] Mcrain v. Daugherty (1977), iro raidavira kuti simba rokunzvera ndiro rinokosha uye basa rakakodzera reDare. Iyi pamutemo inovimbisa kuti Dare reBazi harigoni kushanda muchiva kana kuti risarutsiridziridziri.

Kutanga Kwemuitiro Wokutarisira

Kutarisira kwapakuvamba kwesangano kwakanga kuri kwamasanga uye kwapachivande, kwakanangidzira ngwariro zvikurukuru pamufambiro wenguva yehondo uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwezvemari. Nguva yazvino uno yokutarisira yakavamba neChiito cheLegistrative Reorganisation cha 1946, icho zvivako zvedare zvakarongwa ndokusimbisa matare amire kuitisa hwirudzuro inopfuurira yamasangano anotungamirira. Congregationalal Balleg na Impoundment Control Act ya19795 yakasimbisazve kupfurikidza nokugadzira Congregal Baclatement Office uye kupa maturusi eCongress kuti adzore kudzora bhajekedzo yemari yemari yakarongwa. Nhasi, kutarisira mubato wegore unobatanidza mabhiri, zviuru zvevashandi, uye kudzorwa kwemishumo, maPudies, uye maPutena.

Kutarisira Kwemagungano

Dare rinotungamirira nenzira dzakasiyana - siyana, rimwe nerimwe richiita chinangwa chakati kuti Bazu Rine Basa rizvidavirire.

Utariri Hunotonga

Kutarisira kwapamutemo kunobatanidza kuongorora kuti masangano ehurumende anoshandisa sei mitemo inopiwa neCongress. Ikoku kunobatanidza kuhwirudzura mitemo yesangano, kuyera mawirirano nevavariro dzemitemo, uye kutema kana mitemo ichida kugadziriswa. Somuenzaniso, pashure pokupfuudzwa kweAffordhable Care Act, matare akawanda ainzwa kuti aone kunyorwa kwemipinduro yeinishuwarenzi youtano uye migumisiro yacho pavatengi. Dare rinogonawo kushandisa utarisiri hwemitemo kumapurogiramu echinyakare kana kuti kubvumira kuti mitemo mitsva yakavakirwa pakushanda kwesangano. Dare reRefectation Accolation Office (GAO) rinowanzobetsera kurangarira purogiramu uye kupfurikidza nokuzivisa mishumo inozivisa chinjo yemitemo.

Kuongorora

Kuongorora ikokuonekwa zvikuru uye pane dzimwe nguva kunetsa kukurusa kwechiremera chedare. Kunzvera kunogona kunzi kwakaipa, kunyengera, tsvina, kana kuti kushatiswa mukati meBazi reGuidhi. Mienzaniso yepamusoro-pamu inobatanidza kutongwa kweWatergate, kunzvera kweIran-Contatra, kunzvera kwedare kunosarudza, uye kunzvera kwedare kwechi6 kweJanuary. Matare angapa chikwaniriso chezvipupu, zvapupu zvinobvisa pamutemo. Simba rokumanikidza chipupuriro nezvinyorwa zvinotsoropodza nokuda kwokufumura zvokwadi, kunyange zvazvo kuchiwanzotungamirira kuhondo dzapamutemo pamusoro peropafadzo yokutungamirira. Hungetarowo kubatira basa rokudzivisa, chiratidzo kuvakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru kuti mabasa avo achaongororwa.

Kutarisira Mari Kwakarongwa (Simba Rechitengo)

Chikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo chinopa simba rakananga kumari yakakodzera. Kutarisira bhajeti muitiro unoshandiswa apo Congress inoongorora chikumbiro chemari yaPurezidhendi, inoongorora mari inoshandiswa nesangano, uye inovimbisa kuti mari inobhadharwa mutero inoshandiswa zvinobudirira. House neDare reProgramation Approgries Komiti dzinova nemisoro yemasangano, dzinoongorora kururamisa kwokushandisa mari, uye kuisa mamiriro ezvinhu kumitengo yemari. Congregational Baclate Back Office inoparency inopasa kuongorora kusaongorora kushanda kwemari. Kupfurikidza nePRA Act(GPRA), Dare rinoda kuti pave nezvinangwa uye migumisiro, zvinobatanidza mari yokutsigira.

Kutarisira Kunosimbiswa (Kutsigira Nokubvumira)

Basa reDare mukusimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi icherekedzo yakananga paBazu roMutungamiriri. Ikoku kunoshanda kuvanyori veKibit, vatongi vehurumende, nhume, uye vakuru vakuru vazhinji vakuru. Muitiro wokusimbisa unobatanidza kunzwa pamberi pedare rakafanira, kunzvera kwenhau, uye vhoti youriri. Vatongi vanoshandisa uku kunzwa kunzvera zvikwaniriso zvavamirini, mirangariro yetsika, uye mipimo yetsika. Kuramba kana kuti kunonozetsa kunogona kuumba nenzira inokosha purogiramu yehurumende. Mukuwedzera, Dare rinofanira kubvumirana nezvibvumirano, vachigovera mumwe muganhuro woutariri pamuitiro wokumwe mutezo.

Vaongorori Mukuru uye Vaongorori Vanozviongorora

Kunyange zvazvo isiri gadziriro yesangano reISpecter General (IG) inoshanda sewedzero yetarisiro. IGs imbwa dzinozvimirira mukati mesangano rimwe nerimwe rehurumende, dzinoshanda nokuwana kubiridzira, tsvina, uye kushatiswa. Dare rakagadzira IG Act ye 1978 uye gare gare rakaisimbisa neIG Reformation Act ye2008. IGs inoshuma zvadzinowana kuvose vari vaviri vakuru vesangano neCongress. matare edare anowanzovimba neIG anowanzoshuma kuti akurumise kunzvera kwavo kana kuti apedze. Dare reISpecisors General paHefeed neE (CIE) rinoronga IGGUMMMM.

Matare Anokosha Anobatanidzwa Muutariri

Kunyange zvazvo dare rimwe nerimwe riine utarisiri hwakati, mamwe mapoka anonyanya kutungamirira mukuita kuti Bazu Rine Mutevedzeri Rikuru rizvidavirire.

Dare Routariri Nokuzvidavirira (Imba)

Yaizivikanwa kare seHouse Oversing and Government Reform Committee, boka iri rine udzori hwakafara pahurumende yehurumende. Rinonzvera tsvina, kunyengera, uye kushatiswa, kuhwirudzura mirau yemitemo, uye kunzvera kushandiswa kwemitemo. Simba raro resubpona riri pakati peyakafara zvikurusa muCongress. Kutarisira kwemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi kwakabatanidza mitemo yebuden yedzoro, kubuda muAfghanistantistan, uye mavambo eCOVOVID-19.

Dare Renhau Dzehurumende Repamusha reDare reDare

Dare iri rinotarisira Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), uye nhau dzokutarisira kwehurumende yose. Rinoitisa nzvero mukuvadziko yokusachengeteka kwekombiyuta, mhinduro yengwavaira, uye budiriro yehurumende. Dare rinorangarirawo vapurezidhendi vazhinji vebazu ravakuru vakuru.

Matare Okukumbira

Zvose zviri zviviri Matare eDzidziro Dzimba neDare reDare anoshandisa tarisiro yemari kupfurikidza nematare 12 maduku anobhadharira mari sangano rimwe nerimwe rehurumende. Mukati mokunzwa, vakurukuri vanobvunza pamusoro pokushandisa zvinoiswa pakutanga, basa romunguva yakapfuura, uye gadziriro dzenguva yemberi. Vanogona kuisa ganhuriro pamari kana kuti kuraira mishumo semigariro yokusunungura.

Sarudza Matare Anokosha

Dare pane dzimwe nguva rinogadzira matare echinguvana kuti aongorore nhau chaidzo idzo dzinopfuura miganhu mizhinji. Dare Rinosarudza Kupa Mitemo yeNdenda yeNdenda paUnited States Capitol muenzaniso wemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi. Matare aya anowanzowedzera masimba maduku nemurairo wakanangidzirwa, achiabvumira kuita nzvero dzakadzama pasina miganhu yesanganowo zvaro redare.

Michina Yokutarisira: Michina Nemafambiro

Dare rine nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzokutarisira zvinobudirira.

Kunzwa Nouchapupu

Kutonga ndicho chiso chavose zvikurusa chetarisiro. Matare anodana zvapupu kubva kumasangano anotungamirira, nyanzvi dzinozvimirira, uye vagari vemo vanotapurwa. Kunzwa kunogona kuva chibvumirano, kuongorora, kana kuti kutarira muchisiko. Gadziriro inosiana: mamwe maperembudziro amashoko, mamwe majekerwe emichinjikwa. Zvapupu zvinopikirwa, uye ufakazi hwazvo hunova rutivi rwechinyorwa chavose. Kushandiswa kwezvibvumirano nebvunzurudzo zvinonyorwa kunze kwenhau dzavose kwawedzera mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, zvikurukuru nokuda kwenhau dzinotapukurirwa.

Mabhanana Nebasa Rokumanikidzwa

Simba rokupa vana kana kuti vanhu vamwe navamwe rinokosha apo masangano kana kuti vanhu vasingadi kubatira pamwe nokuzvidira. Mupumburu muduku unogona kumanikidza kubudiswa kwezvinyorwa kana kuti chipupuriro. Zvose zviri zviviri Imba neDare zvine mitemo inobvumira matare kubudisa zviputu, pane dzimwe nguva netendero yechigaro kana kuti vhoti zhinji. Kukundikana kuwirirana kunogona kutungamirira kukuzvidza Congress, uko kungaguma nokunongedzera utsotsi kuBato reRuramisiro kana kuti chiito chokutarisira vanhu. Dare Rapamusoro rakatsigira simba rokuzvidza raChuright Carress, asi kuchengetwa kunogona kuva kwakaoma mune zvematongerwe enyika.

Mishumo Netsamba

Matare anoshuma kazhinji kazhinji kupeta zviwanwa mukunzvera, kurangarira, kana kuti kupfupikisa kwesangano. Iyi mishumo inogona kubatanidza rumbidzo nokuda kwomutemo, chinjo dzoudzori, kana kuti kumwezve kutarisira. Mukuwedzera, mitezo yeDare inotumira tsamba kuvakuru vamasangano vanokumbira magwaro, mhinduro kumibvunzo, kana kuti chiito panhau dzakati. Mhinduro dzedare dzinova rutivi rwechinyorwa chedare. GO neCongregational Research Service (CRS) inogadzirira mishumo ine udzame pamusoro pokushanda kwepurogiramu, tsananguro dzapamutemo, uye zvisarudzo zvemitemo, izvo zvinobatira senongedzero dzakavimbika nokuda kwokutarisira.

Kuongorora Nokushanyira Nzvimbo

Mitezo navashandi vanowanzoitisa shanyo nzvimbo kuzvivako zvehurumende, nzvimbo dzepurogiramu, kana kuti nzvimbo dzengwavaira kucherekedza zvakananga mabasa. Uku kunzverwa kunogona kuwana zvinetso izvo nzeve kana kuti mishumo zvingapotsa. Somuenzaniso, shanyo kuchipatara cheVendans Affairs ingazivisa miitiro yokuronga inononoka kutarisirwa. Shanyo dzakadaro dzinovaka kuvimbika uye dzinozivisa mitemo.

Zvinetso Zvokutarisira Masangano

Pasinei zvapo nokudzikamiswa kwaro mubumbiro remitemo, kutarisira kunowanzodziviswa nezvipingamupinyi zvesangano, zvematongerwo enyika, uye zvepamutemo.

Ropafadzo Yakananga Nezvingaitwa Zvokuvanzika

Chinzvimbo chokutungamirira chinobvumira Purezidhendi kunyima mashoko akati kuCongress kudzivirira kuvanzika kwemabazu makuru. Ropafadzo haisati iri yakakwana; matare akaiyera mukurwisana nedikanwo yemashoko yeCongress. Chaizvoizvo, kurwa pamusoro peropafadzo yehurumende kunogona kufamba kwemwedzi kana kuti makore, kunonoka kutarisira uye kubvumira mashoko kuva akaoma. Mukati mokutarisira kwaTrump, vazhinji vevaduku vakasangana nokuramba kwakafukidza, kuchitungamirira kukuramba kusingaenzaniswi.

Kuchinja Dzvene Nokuvhara

Kudzora kwazova kupesana kwakawedzera. Apo rimwe boka rinodzora zvose zviri zviviri White House neCongress, kutarisirwa kwebazu guru kungasataurwa kana kuti kutungamirirwa kuvavengi vezvematongerwe enyika. Kana udzori hwakakamukana, utariri hungava chombo chokushatisa pabato rinopikisa. Kukwirira kwebato repesvedzero kunoderedza kuvimbika kwoutariri; vanhu vangarangarira kufeyafeyafeya senzvimbo yemitambo yezvamatongerwe enyika panzvimbo pokutonga kwakanaka. Bipartisa kunzvera, se9/11 Commission kana kuti dare reGwate (ri kubatanidza maRepublicans), hakuwanzovikanwo asi kazhinji kacho.

Majeri Nekuchinja

Matare eCongress anoshanda nevashandi vaduku zvikuru kana zvichienzaniswa nemasangano avanotarisira. Bazu rinotungamirira rinoshandisa mamiriyoni; gadziriro yose yeDare reMumba ine zviuru zvishomanene bedzi zvavashandi. Munzveri mumwe nomumwe anofanira kufukidza zvikamu zvikuru zvengarava, achiita kuti kunyudza kuome. Kukwidza kukuru pakati pavashandi vedare, zvikurukuru pashure pechinjo mukudzora kwavazhinji, kunoputsa yeuko yesangano nounyanzvi. Uyezve, bhajeti repamutemo nokuda kwokuva nedzingaridzwa pamusoro pemapoena inogona kupedza matare.

Dziviriro Dzemavhuvhuta Nemashoko Zvinoyerera

Vapfuri ndivo manyuko anokosha emashoko pamusoro petsvina, unyengeri, uye kushatiswa. Whistleer Protection Act ya 1989 uye chinjo dzinotevera zvinopa dziviriro dzakati, asi vapfuri vazhinji vachiri kutarisana namatsive kana kuti nzvero dzakarebesa. Dare rinogona kugamuchira kuziviswa kwerimwero zvakananga kupfurikidza nedare kana kuti Office of Special Councilence. Zvisinei, kutya maitiro okutsiva nemitemo anononoka kunogona kudzivisa vanhu kusvika mberi, kuganhurira kufamba kwamashoko anotsoropodza kumatare anotarisira.

Kuchinja Zvinhu Kwemazuva Achangobva Kupfuura Kuri Kutarisirwa

Nzvimbo yokutarisira iri kuramba ichichinja nemhaka yezvinetso zvitsva uye kuchinja kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu.

Kuongorora Nokushandisa Michina Yemagetsi

Matare anoshandisa mashoko anowedzera kuzivisa nzira dzokurasa nadzo kana kuti kushatisa. GAO inochengeta shopu yezviito zvinorumbidzwa, uye masangano eHofisi yebhangi anoronga mamiriro emari. Zvikumbiro zveInformation Act (FOIA) uye masuo emitemo anogovera zvinhu zvisina kujeka kuti zvinzverwe. Mamwe matare akagadzira mapoka okuwana makombiyuta kuti atange mabharabhu makuru emagetsi. Kufambira mberi muuchenjeri hwokugadzira kungabatsira matare kutsvedzerwa nemamiriyoni ezvinyorwa, asi zvakavanzika nechengeteko zvinosara.

Simba Romuzvarirwo Rinoshatisa Asi Rinosimudzirwa

Dare harina kushandisa simba raro rokuzvidza raro rakagarwa nhaka kumanikidza vanhu vari pasi pedunhus. Kushandiswa kwokupedzisira kwokuzvidza kwakagarwa nhaka kwakanga kuri muma1930. Mukupindura kuiswa kwamabwe navakuru vakuru vakuru, nyanzvi navagadziri vemitemo vakamutsidzira kukumbira kuti Dare rishandise simba iri, zvimwe kupfurikidza namavhoti efaindi kana kuti euriri. Muna 2020, Imba yakapfuudza mutemo unobvumira matare kuisa faindi yemari kuvakuru vakuru vanoramba kuwirirana nevakuru vakuru vakuru, asi mutemo wacho hauna kuedzwa.

Kutsigira Kuchinja Kunoitwa Muchechi

Pasinei zvapo nokuparadzaniswa kwenyika, kwave kune nhamburiko dzebipartisan dzokuita kuti utariri hwechino uno uno. Congregational Oversect Modersation Task Force, yakatangwa muna 2019, yakarumbidzwa kuvandudza kuchengetwa kweboka rePucena, dziviriro, uye kushandiswa kworuzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Zvikwereti zvinoverengeka zvakatangwa kuti zvikurudzire kodzero yematare yokuwana mashoko ehofisi yebazi pasina kunonoka. Pfungwa ye “Office of Congregational Oversation" yakakarakadzwa kugovera rutsigiro runoteko rwechikamu chePrejistant kumatare.

Kupedzisa: Kukosha Kusingaperi Kwoutarisiri

Kutarisira Congress kunoramba kuri chimwe chezvishandiso zvine simba zvikurusa zvokuva nechokwadi chokuti Bazu Rinodzora rinoita mabasa apamutemo, richibudirira, uye mufariro yavose. Pasina utarisiri hwakasimba, mifungo yemitemo yeSangano kusimba rehurumende, kuisa pangozi kubatwa zvisina kufanira kunokanganisa mamiriro ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Nepo zvinetso zvakadai semadhigirizi, ropafadzo yevakuru vakuru, uye mari yakaganhurirwa inopfuurira, tsika inogadziridzwa nguva dzose nokuchinja zvinhu, ruzivo rwezvigadzirwa, uye kutsaurirwa kwemitezo netsvina. Nokuda kwavagari vemo vemo yemitemo yehurumende inotonga nokushandisa nyika inoziviswa kunokosha pakutonga hurumende. Sezviitika kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kunokosha yehurumende yeAmerica inova nesimba uye inova nesimba rokubvunza mibvunzo, kukumbira kukumbira zvikuru, uye kuita chimwe chinhu pazvinowanikwa.