Sumo: Hwaro Hwechiremera Chezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kuva pamutemo inzvimbo inovakirwa hurumende yakatsiga neinobudirira. Inomirira kodzero yetsika nemitemo yehurumende kushandisa simba pavagari vemo vayo, yakavakirwa pakubvumirana nokuzivikanwa kwevanotongwa. Pasina kutendeseka, kunyange hurumende dzine simba guru dzinogona kuparara nemhaka yokuoma kwokusateerera, kupokana, uye kusagadzikana kwevanhu. Kunzwisisa kuti hurumende dzinowana nokuchengeta pamutemo kunokosha sei nokuda kwenyanzvi dzezvamatongerwe enyika, vagadziri vemitemo, uye vaiti vezvizvarwa. Nyaya ino inoongorora mipimo yetsika, manyuko akasiyana - siyana ayo inobva mahumbiro adzoro adzorerwe, mitoo inoshandiswa nehurumende kuti iparadze. Nokuongorora nhau dzekare nedzero dzenguva inotendwa, tinogona kuita zvidzidzo nokuda kwokusimudzira masangano uye kutsigira matongerwe enyika.

Kunzwisisa Kudzika Mirayiro: Mabasa Ane Mifungo

Kutendeseka hakusati kuri pfungwa imwe, inopesana asi chiitiko chezvizhinji chinoshanda pamwero dzose. Normativement inobvunza kana hurumende ichizoteererwa mukuwirirana nenheyo dzetsika kana kuti dzouzivi. Kuva pamutemo kunoreva kuti kunofanira kuteererwa, nokupesana, kana vagari vemo chaizvoizvo vachidavira kuti hurumende ine kodzero yokutonga. Musayenzi yezvamatongerwe enyika, Max Weartart inoramba iri nhevedzano yechiremera nokuda kwokunzwisisa manyuko okuko.

Marudzi Matatu Akachena Echiremera chaZebheri

  • Chiremera cheRegational: Ichi chimiro chiri pachitendero mukuva pamutemo kwemitemo inoitwa uye kodzero yaavo vanokwidziridzwa kuchiremera mumitemo yakadaro kupa mirairo. Ubati ushe hwazvino uno, namabumbiro emitemo, marusarudzo, uye miitiro yahwo yebureaucratic, zvikurukuru zvinotsamira paurwu rudzi. Chinokosha ndechokuti chiremera chinobatanidzwa kuhofisi, kwete munhu.
  • Chiremera chenhau dzakagara dziripo: Chinotangira muzvitendero zvakatangwa muutsvene hwemagamuchidzanwa ekare namaruramiro aavo vanoshandisa chiremera pasi pawo. Gadziriro dzoutongi, madare edzinza, uye zvivako zvenhau zvinoratidzira chiremera chegamuchidzanwa. Tsungiriro yazvo inotsamira pakuremekedza kunopfuuridzirwa nokuda kwetsika nedzinza.
  • [[FLT: 0] Chiremera chamajangariko: Chinobva mukuzvipira kusvikira kuutsvene hwechienzi, magamba, kana kuti muvara womuenzaniso womunhu mumwe nomumwe. Vatungamiriri vemhindumupindu, vaporofita, uye magamba ehondo vanowanzowana maruramiro kupfurikidza noumichina hunodzora hwomunhu oga. Zvisinei, sharma haitsigisi chose chose uye inofanira kudzorwa (kazhinji kazhinji muzvimiro zvapamutemo kana kuti zvegamuchidzanwa) nokuda kwokutonga kunopfuuridzirwa.

Hurumende dzazvino uno zhinjisa dzinobatanidza masangano amarudzi ose matatu, asi gadziriro yokuisa pamutemo inodzora munyika yapanguva ino. Kururamisira kunobatanidzawo ruramisiro yetsika: vagari vemo sezvingabvira zvikuru kugamuchira miuyo, kunyange yakashata, kana vakaona miitiro inoita zvisarudzo kuva yakanaka uye inopenya.

Kwakabva Mutemo weHurumende

Kupfuura marudzi akanaka aWeber, hurumende dzinowana kodzero kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinobva kune dzimwe, dzinowanzobatana uye dzinosimbisana, asi imwe neimwe inoita kuti vanhu vavimbe.

Kubudirira Kwebasa Nezvemari

Hurumende dzinopa miuyo inooneka — yakadai sebudiriro yemari, chengeteko yavose, gadziriro, tarisiro youtano, uye dzidzo — actan icho masayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika anodana kuti “kushanda kwapamutemo.” Ikoku kunooneka zvikuru munyika dzekubudirira kweAsia. Somuenzaniso, Chibvumirano cheChina cheKomonisiti chakavimba zvikuru nokubudirira kwemari kwokukurumidza uye kuderera kwourombo kuti chichengetedze kuva pamutemo kwacho, kunyange sezvo rusununguko rwezvamatongerwe enyika ruchiramba rwakaganhurirwa. Nenzira yakafanana, manenji ezveridziro dzehondo muJapan neWest Germany anodzorera maruramiro pashure pokuparadzwa kweHondo yeNyika II.

Kutora Rutivi Rwehurumende Nokusarudza

Sarudzo dzakasununguka nedzakarurama ndiwo mutoo unooneka zvikurusa wokupa maruramiro mugadziriro dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Apo vagari vemo vane banza rokusarudza vatungamiriri vavo kupfurikidza nemiitiro inotendwa, yamakwikwidza, uye inobatanidza, vane bviro huru yokurangarira hurumende inovapo seyapamutemo. Kusarudza kunobatirawo sechidimbu chinopiwa, kubvumira vanhu kutaura zvichemo nokupa mubayiro kana kuti kuranga. Zvisinei, ukuru hwenhau dzokutora rutivi: kuva nomutemo une revo kunoda kwete kungovhota asiwo kuvimbisa kwapamutemo, rusununguko rwokutaura, uye kodzero yokuungana.

Kutonga kwoMutemo Noudzori Hwebumbiro reMitemo

Hurumende inozviisa imene pasi pomutemo() uye inoshandisa mitemo nguva dzose uye isingasaruri — inovaka kuva yapamutemo kupfurikidza nokuratidzira kuti haisati iri pamusoro pemitemo. judicia yeIndependent, dziviriro yekodzero dzavanhu, uye inonzvera chiratidzo chesimba ravakuru kuvagari vemo chokuti chiremera chinosungirwa uye chinopikirwa. Kutonga kunokosha zvikuru munzanga dzedzinza rakasiyana - siyana, umo mapoka maduku anoda vimbiso yokuti hurumende ichadzivirira maruramiro awo pasina rusaruro.

Kushandira Pamwe Kwenzanga uye Kubatana

Pfungwa yebvumirano yenzanga yazvo(nzi inotengesa rusununguko nokuda kwechengeteko nenhumbi dzavose) inoparira hwaro hwouzivi hwesimba. Hurumende dzinova dzapamutemo kupfurikidza nokuwiriranisa zviito zvadzo nemipimo yakafara nezivikanwo yorudzi. Somuenzaniso, nyika dzeNordic dzinochengeta chivimbo chikuru kupfurikidza nehurumende dzinoratidzira chinzwano chakasimba. Mukupesana, kuva nomutemo kunotambura apo miraudzo inoratidzika kuva inoputsa zvikuru tsika dzetsika kana kuti dzorudzidziso, kutoti hurumende ingagona kururamisa kuderera nokumwe manyuko echiremera.

Nzira Dzokuwana Nadzo Mutemo Usina Kufanira

Nzira dzinotevera dzinowanzoshandiswa, kunyange zvazvo kubudirira kwadzo kuchisiyana zvichienderana nemashoko akapoteredza.

Kugadzirwa kweBumbiro reMitemo Negadziriro

Kuvamba magwaro nezvivako zvesangano zvakatanga gadziriro yokutanga nokuda kworumano. Bumbiro remitemo rakasanorongwa iro rinoparira maruramiro, rinoparadzanisa masimba, uye rinobvumira kugadziridzwa kunogona kuwana kugamuchirwa kwakafara kana rikabuda mumuitiro unobatanidza. Bumbiro remitemo reSouth Africa rapashure penyika, iro rakasimbisa chiremera, kuenzana, uye kuyanana, rakaratidzira kuti gadziriro inogona sei kubetsera kuporesa nzanga yakakamukana ndokutanga kuva nomutemo mutsva.

Kusarudza Zvisarudzo Zvikuru uye Referenda

Kuchengeta sarudzo yenguva dzose hakusati kuri chinodikanwa chetsikawo zvayo asi muitiro une simba wokuva pamutemo kwehurumende. Hurumende dzinosvika pakutonga kupfurikidza nesarudzo dzinotsigirwa navazhinji dzinogona kutaura murairo wokutonga. Refera panhau dzakati (g., chinjo dzebumbiro remitemo, zvisarudzo zvenzvimbo) zvinogonawo kukudza kuva pamutemo kupfurikidza nokubatanidza zvakananga vagari vemo muzvisarudzo zvikuru. Zvisinei, sarudzo yakashata (yakarongwa nemhesvedzo, kudzvinyirira muvhoti, kana kuti kushaikwa kwamakwikwikwinya(ano) kunoparira miuyo inopesana uye inobvisa gadziriro yose.

Kunzvera Pachena Nekuzvibhadharira

Kupfuura kusarudza kwapanhambo nenhambo, hurumende dzinogona kupinda vagari vemo kupfurikidza nehoro dzetaundi, magungano avagari vemo, kubvunza, uye kuronga mari yokushandisa paIndaneti. Iyi mitoo inoratidza kuti vatongi vari kuteerera uye vanodisa kubatanidza mirangariro yakasiana - siana. Nhano dzehurumende yedemokratiki dzinoda kutsiva, dzakadai seGungano reVagaritize vemuCanada pamusoro pechinjo inosarudzwa muCanada kana kuti Assembly yeIreland’s Conference on the Deatriath, dzakaratidza kuti kunzvera kwokungwarira, kwokuziva kunogona kuita muuyo wapamutemo kunyange panhau dzegakavadzano.

Kutakura Basa Kunobudirira

Kupa betsero dzinooneka(dziri, zvikoro, zvipatara, mvura yakachena, mambure okudzivirira nzanga (8) zvinosimbisa nomutoo wakananga kuita kwapamutemo. Kana hurumende inokwanisa uye inogamuchira, vagari vemo vanodisa zvikuru kubhadhara mitero ndokuwirirana nemirau. Kuvandudza kwokukurumidza kwemabasa avose muSingapore neRwanda, somuenzaniso, kwakabetsera hurumende idzodzo kuchengeta kuva dzapamutemo dzakasimba pasinei zvapo namativi echiremerera. Zvisinei, kuva nomukurumbira kunogona kuva kusingadzoreki: kana hurumende ikatadza kutsigira kupiwa, chivimbo chinogona kupera nokukurumidza.

Zviratidzo uye Kuzvidzora Kwenyika

Hurumende dzinosakurira nenzira yokushingaira kuva dzapamutemo kupfurikidza nezviratidzo: mireza, nziyo dzorudzi, zviyeuchidzo, mazororo ehurumende, uye hurukuro. izvi zviratidzo zvinosimbisa kuzivikanwa nokupfuurira.National Refession, kuvamba ngano, rukundo, kana kuti kurwisana kwamapoka (muchib., Chinjo yeAmerica, sangano rokuzvimirira reIndia) zvinobetsera kubatanidza vagari vemo kuhurumende. Muzvinoitika zvakati, hurumende dzinoshandisa idzi nhauro kutsausa pakundikano, asi kudzorwa kwetsika chapachokwadi kunogona kuva simba rine simba guru.

Kuramba Wakarurama Nguva Yapfuura

Kuva pamutemo hachisi chinhu chinoitwa kwenguva imwe chete; chinofanira kuchengetwa nguva dzose. Kugadziridzwa kwenguva refu kunoda masangano akasimba, kurukurirano inopfuurira, uye kujairana nemigariro inochinja.

Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka uye Kudzora Zvakajeka

Kuziviswa kwezviito zvehurumende, zvisarudzo, uye ndyiko kunovaka chivimbo. Nhano dzemashoko, rusununguko rwemitemo yemashoko, uye marusando emitemo magaro anobvumira vagari vemo kunzvera vatongi vavo. Kuoneka kunoderedza nzvimbo youori nokuita zvisarudzo zvokuzvidira. Nyika dzakafanana neEstonia neNew Zealand dzakatungamirira nzira muungwaru namashoko akazaruka, nguva dzose akakwirira mukuvimba uye kuva nomutemo.

Michina Inozvidavirira

Sarudzo ichinhu chikuru chinozvidavirira, asi mamwe mashandiro akadai semascreen anozvimirira, maombudsmen, masangano anorwisana nouori, uye hwirudzuro rwedare zvinobatsira kuchengeta kuva apamutemo pakati penhambo dzevhota. Apo vakuru vakuru vanoiswa mhaka yetsika dzakaipa, ruzhinji runoona kuti hapana munhu ari pamusoro pomutemo. Nenzira inopesana, kurambwa kunokanganisa nokukurumidza. Kuderera kwomutemo muHungary nePoland pasi pehurumende dzechipopulist kunoenzanisira kuti kuzvidavirira kunogona sei kuderedza kunyange gadziriro dzehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzakagara dziripo.

Kuita Mitemo Inobvumiranwa Nokusawirirana

Sangano dzinochinja, uye hurumende dzinofanira kuchinja mabudire adzo kuti dzigadzirise zvinetso zvitsva uye kuti dzigadzirise kariro dzavo. Kukundikana kupindura kukumbirwa kwokuenzana, dziviriro yemhoteredzo, kana kuti chinjo yeruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu kungatungamirira kukubvisa rukudzo. (Kupa chiratidzo chokuti mapoka anochekererwa ane inzwi nedanda mukudzora) zvinokosha zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, kubatanidza vakadzi, vanhu vashoma vedzinza, uye vanhu vemo mukuita zvisarudzo mitumbi inosimudzira kururama kunorangarirwa kuva kwetsika.

Chisarudzo Chokurwisana Nokutarisira Nhamo

Apo njodzi dzinomuka(_kuderera kwemari, ngwavaira dzomusikirwo, hondo dzavagari vemo) nzira iyo hurumende inoita nayo chiito inogona kuita kana kuti kuputsa kuva kwayo yapamutemo. Kushanda zvakanaka, kuoneka, uye kusasarura kunosimbisa chivimbo, nepo kusakwanisa kana kuti rusaruro zvichikukuvadza. Migumisiro yapamutemo mukati medenda reCOVID inorairidza: nyika dzakadai seNew Zealand neJapan dzakakurukura zvakajeka uye dzakaita chiito nokukurumidza zvakachengeta chivimbo chadzo chakakwirira, nepo dzimwe dzakaderedza mhinduro yacho dzakaona kuva dzisina kururama.

Matambudziko Kumutemo Wehurumende

Kunzwisisa zvinetso izvi kunokosha nokuda kwehurumende nevagari vemo vanoda kuchengetedza masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika akanaka.

Uori NechiCronyism

Zvichida tyisidziro inoparadza zvikurusa, uori hunosekesa murangariro wokuti hurumende inoruramisira, inotenderwa, uye inoita zvakanaka. Apo vagari vemo vanoona vakuru vakuru vachipfumisa kana kuti vachitsigira vasonganiri, chivimbo chinoparara. Tsika dzouori dzapamusoro dzakawanisa hurumende muBrazil, South Korea, nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda. Kunyange apo vatungamiriri vasingasabatanidzwa zvakananga, tsika yokusarangwa inogona kuparira kurwisana kwakapararira nenjodzi yomutemo.

Kuchinja Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Nokuparadzira

Miganhu mikuru yepfungwa inogona kubvisa maruramiro kupfurikidza nokuita kuti udzori huratidzike kuva hunoparadzanisa uye hwapoka. Masangano ePopulist anowanzodenha masangano (madare, zvinobudisa nhau, zviremera zvevhota) seasiri epamutemo, achisimudzira “vanhu chaivo vakatanhamara vakashata” nhauro. Nepo kudzora kwoukuru kungawedzera kwechinguvana kuva pamutemo kwomutungamiriri, kunogona kunetesa mamiriro ezvinhu makuru. Kumuka kwemasangano anorwisana negadziriro yehurumende muEurope neUnited States kwakaedza kuvandudziko yetsika dzamadiro.

Kuderera Kwezvemari Nokusaenzana

Nhamo yemari yakavakirwa kana kuti kusaenzana kuri kuwedzera kunogona kukanganisa kuita zvakarurama. Kana vagari vemo vachifunga kuti tsika yacho inopesana navo, havadi kubvumirana. Njodzi yemari ya2008 yakaita kuti hurumende kuMadokero yose dziparare zviri pamutemo, zvichiita kuti pave nokuramba kukuru uye dzimwe nzira dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Nenzira yakafanana, kumukira kwechiRungu rweArab kwakawedzerwa zvikuru nokupera mwoyo kwemari uye kufungwa kwouori.

Kushayiswa Mashoko Nokuwadzanyura Kwemaidi Anoparidzwa

Muzera rezvokubudisa nhau dzenzanga nokupfuudza mashoko, nhauro dzenhema dzinogona kupararira nokukurumidza, kubvisa kusarudza, matanho outano hwavanhu vose, uye unyanzvi hwesayenzi. Apo vagari vemo havagoni kubvumirana pamaidi makuru, hwaro hunodikanwa nokuda kwokuputsanya kwapamutemo kwehurumende. Hurumende dzinorwisa kurwisa kubvisa pasina kutendeukira kuunzverwa, uko kunoparirawo ngozi dzakafanira. Chinetso chenguva refu ndechokuvakazve chivimbo mumanyuko emashoko akavimbika nemiitiro yedemokrase.

Kudyidzana Kwenyika Dzakawanda uye Kutsigira Uchangamire

Masangano enyika dzakawanda, zvibvumirano zvezvokutengeserana, uye masangano emarudzi akawanda angaratidzika kuva anodarika kuita chisarudzo chehurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji, zvichitungamirira kukurasikirwa neuchangamire uye kuva pamutemo kwehurumende dzomudzimba. Kurwisana neEurope Union mune dzimwe nyika uye kupesana nezvibvumirano zvebhizimisi munyika yose zvinoratidza kusawirirana uku. Hurumende dzinofanira kushandisa pakati pebetsero dzebatira pamwe yenyika yose uye kudiwa kwokuchengeta pfungwa yokuti dzinoramba dzichizvidavirira kuvagari vemo vadzo.

Nzvero Dzamatare Mumutemo

Tichiongorora kuti hurumende dzakashandisa sei kutsvaka uye kuchengetedza kururama kunotipa zvidzidzo zvinokosha.

United States: Kutsungirira Kutendeudzirwa kweBumbiro Romutemo

United States yakachengeta kuva pamutemo kwamazana maviri amakore kupfurikidza nechirongwa chayo chebumbiro remitemo, icho chinonyandura chiremera chapamutemo uye chinogovera nokuda kwokuchinja kwakarongwa kwesimba. Pasinei zvapo nemapoka makuru eChivil Communin Rights.(Hondo yeChivil, sangano reChivilinial Rights, 2020 ramasangano echisarudzo (Chourt, Dare Gurusarudzo) rapamutemo (pamberi pedare guru) rakaitwa, uye kubvumira kwapachena kwakavandudzwazve. Nguva dzenjodzi, dzakadai seWatergate, dzinoratidzira gadziriro yokuzvidavirira pakuvimbwa pabasa. Zvisinei, nguva pfupi yapfuura mukuvandika (Pwindi kunoratidza kuderera kukuru muchivimbo chehurumende chifo cha 1960) kunoratidzira kuti kuva pamutemo hakubvumidzwi. Kumukira kwapamhiko yaJanuary 6, 201, uye kutaura kwokuvhotera kwechirongwa chinoitwa nazvinosarudzwa zvinopfuurira kupfuurira.

South Africa: Kuvaka Mutemo Kupfurikidza Neruramisiro Yokuchinja

Kuchinja kweSouth Africa kubva kurusaruraganda kuenda kuhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu muna 1994 muenzaniso webhuku wekuvaka pamutemo mumapoka makuru. African National Congress (ANC) pasi peNelson Mandela yakashanda kudzora kwavose, zvokwadi negadziriro yokuyananisa, uye bumbiro remitemo rinofambira mberi kuti zviwanire pamutemo mose muri muviri muimba nomumarudzi ose. Simbiso pakugadziridza ruramisiro ne “rudzi rwevane tsvina” yakabetsera kuporesa maronda. Zvisinei, zvikanganiso zvinotevera zvouori nemhindu yemari zvakashatisa pamutemo yeANC, kuchitungamirira kukuwedzera kushatiswa nokukamuka nokusa. Mhaka yacho inoratidza kuti maruramiro okutanga anofanira kusimbiswa nokudzora kunopfuurira.

China: Kupiwa Mutemo Webasa uye Kudzorwa Nehurumende

China: Kupiwa Mutemo Webasa uye Kudzorwa Nehurumende

Pasina kusarudza kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, China inotsamira zvikuru pakushanda nenzira yapamutemo (81, kukura kwezvemari, kuderedza urombo, uye mamiriro ezvinhu azvino uno (*kuchengeta kugamuchirwa navanhu vose. Hurumende inokweverawo pachiremera chegamuchidzanwa (Mandano yeMati yedenga) navakasarira vesimba resimba rokuchinja kwechiMaoist. Kudzora kukuru pamashoko nenzanga yevagari vemo kunoderedza zvinetso, asi kutsutsutsumwa kwapanhambo nenhambo (g., Hong Kong, kurovanya) kunoratidza kusawirirana. Muenzaniso wapamutemo weChina unobudirira mukubudisa dzikamo nokukwira kwemipimo yokurarama, asi unoramba kuderera kwemari neshatiko. Murango wehurumende inoderedza denho yeCOVID . Chirwengo chenguva yokutanga kukudzwa, kunyange zvazvo pashure mamiriro ezvinhu echirongwa.

Pashure Pehondo Germany: Kubva Pakukurirwa Kuenda Kukusagadzikana Kwedemocratic Germany

Pashure pokuwa kweGermany yeNazi, kuva pamutemo kwaifanira kuvakwazve. Federal Republic yeGermany (West Germany) yakagamuchira mutemo waSicture muna 1949, chiremera chapamutemo chinobatira pamwe, chirevo chehurumende, uye dare rakasimba rebumbiro remitemo. “chishamiso chemari” chema1950 na 1960 chakagovera kuva pamutemo, nepo kubatanidzwazve mumibatanidzwa yokuMadokero (NAOTO, Coal ne Steel Community) zvakawedzera kutsigira kwokunze. Kubatana kune rugare muna 1990 kwakasimbiswazve kuva norumano. Chino chaGermany chinoratidzira kuti kuvakwa nenzira yamaune kuvakwane simba kupfurikidza nechirongwa chesangano, budiriro yemari, uye batirano yamarudzi ose, kunyange pashure pokundikano huru yetsika nezvamatongerwe enyika.

Mugumisiro: Kudiwa Kusingaperi Kwokutonga Nemitemo

Kutendeseka hakusi chinhu chinooneka asi ukama hunoshamisa pakati pavatongi uye hwakatongwa. Hunovakwa kupfurikidza nemubatanidzwa wezvirongwa zvemitemo, kuita kunobudirira, kutora rutivi kwakabatanidzwa, uye kunamatira kumipimo. Hurumende dzinofanira kuramba dzichichinja kuti dzichengetedze chivimbo ichi, kutarisana nemhinganidzo, kushata kwezvoupfumi, uye kudzongonyedzwa kwamashoko. Nzvero dzinobva kuUnited States, South Africa, China, uye Germany dzinoenzanisira nzira dzakawanda(democratic, kuchinja, chiteshi, chiremerera, uye chinovakwazve nesimba radzoro (chikamu chikuru, uye chikarudzoso). Vagari vemo vanonzwisisa manyuko namashoko okuvara. Kuziva mazati uye kuzviisa pasi pano kunokosha nokuda kwokuva nemitemo uye kutsigira zviremera zvezvamatongerwe enyika.

[[FLT:] Kurava kwakawedzera: nokuda kwedzidziso yoururami, ona [[FLT:] Stanford Encyclopedia yeFilosofi wekupinda paProfisitical Legastimati. Pabasa resarudzo murusarudzo rwehurumende yedemokrati, bvunza [[FLT:]] United Nations yebasa rehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu [. Nokuda kwefundo ine mwero yokushanda zvakanaka, World Bank yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, inopa nzwisiso yenzwisiso yegore. Pakupedzisira, [FLD:] International [F.58] Institute yeExtioctal formation yeExtial [F]]