Table of Contents

United States Constitution inotanga gadziriro yakasiyana - siyana yokugadzira nokududzira mitemo yagara iripo kwemazana maviri emakore. Gadziriro iyi inosanganisira mapazi akawanda ehurumende anoshanda pamwe chete kupfurikidza nemiitiro yakagadzirwa nokungwarira inovimbisa kuti mitemo inoumbwa nehurumende inotonga, inoshandiswa zvakanaka, uye inotsanangurwa zvakanaka. Kunzwisisa kuti mitemo inogadzirwa sei uye kutsanangurwa kwayo pasi peBumbiro remitemo reUS inokosha kumunhu upi noupi ari kutsvaka kunzwisisa kuti utongi hwehurumende yeAmerica hunoshanda sei uye kuti nheyo dzemitemo inoumbwa sei zuva nezuva.

Nheyo yeBumbiro Romutemo Yokuita Mutemo

Chikamu I, Chikamu 1, cheUnited States Constitution inoisa masimba ose emitemo muCongress yeUnited States, iyo inoumbwa neDare neImba yavamiririri. Iyi gadziriro inokosha inogadza Congress seboka guru rokugadzira mutemo rehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, ichiumba chibvumirano chebhimeral icho chinoratidzira zvose zviri zviviri kuva zvakaenzana muDare nomufananidzo wakavakirwa pavagari vemo muImba.

Vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo vakasarudza noune ichi chivako kuti vadzikamise fariro dzinokwikwidzana uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti mutemo waizoda bvumirano huru. Matende maviri akaenzana zvikuru mumabasa avo nemabasa emitemo. Zvisinei, kamuri rimwe nerimwe rine mitoro yakasiyana yebumbiro remitemo mukutonga.

Imba bedzi inogona kuvamba mutemo wemari, uye Dare bedzi rinosimbisa kunyoreswa kwapurezidhendi nezvibvumirano zvinotenderwa, asi kugadzwa kwomutemo nguva dzose kunoda kuti makamuri ose ari maviri abvumirane zvakasiana - siana kumutemo mumwe chetewo muchimiro chimwe chetecho pamberi pokuupa kuna Purezidhendi. Ichi chinodikanwa chetendero yebhidamaral chinoparira nzvero inokosha pamusoro pomutemo wokukurumidzira kana kuti usiri wokurangarira zvakanaka.

Kuchinja Kwakaita Bhiri: Rwendo Rwakapiwa Mutemo

Kutanga Nokupedza Kudzidza

Mitemo inovamba sepfungwa, uye kutanga, mumiririri anopa mubatanidzwa wechikwereti. Chibvumirano chikarakadzo chomutemo mutsva kana kuti chinjo kumutemo uripo, uye pfungwa yemutemo inogona kubva kumutezo wakagara weDare kana kuti Imba yeVamiriri, chikarakadzo mukati menhimbe yesarudzo yemubatanidzwa, kana kuti chikumbiro chavanhu kana kuti mapoka evagari vemo anorumbidza mutemo mutsva kana kuti wakagadziridzwa kumutezo weDare weUnited States unovamirira.

Mutezo upi noupi muImba yavamiriri ungatanga chibvumirano panguva ipi neipi apo Imba inenge iri murusando kupfurikidza nokungoiisa bedzi mu "host" parutivi rwedhesiki reClerk muNzvimbo yeImba, uye siginicha yomutsigiri inofanira kuoneka papepa racho, iro ringava nechiverengero chisina kuganhurirwa chemitezo inobatira. Uyu muitiro wapachena unovimbisa kuti mumiriri upi noupi anogona kuunza mutemo mberi wavanodavira kuti unobatira fariro yavose.

Mugove Wedare Nokuhwirudzura

Gwaro racho rinogoverwa nhamba yaro yemitemo neClerk uye rinonongedzerwa kudare rehurumende, iro riri dare rinopomerwa kuhwirudzura mutemo. Mumakamuri ose ari maviri, vazhinji venyanzvi dzemiitiro vanogara mumatare akamira – mabhodhi emitezo yakabva kumativi ose ari maviri ayo anotungamirira zvikurukuru mukukudziridza nokuyera mutemo, uye mitezo inowanzobatira pachiverengero chiduku chamatare, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kwamakore akawanda, inoabvumira kuva anoziva zvikuru munharaunda dzakati dzemiitiro.

Pashure pokunge bhoti ratangwa ndokunongedzerwa kudare rehurumende, dare kazhinji kazhinji richatumira mwero wacho kunzvimbo yaro duku chaiyo yezvirongwa zvefundo, kunzwa, gadziridzo, uye tendero, uye kazhinji kazhinji, nhano yokutanga muiyi gadziriro ikutonga kwavose uko mitezo yapamutemo inonzwa zvapupu zvakasiana - siana zvinomirira mirangariro pachiyero. Uku kunzwa kunopa banza nokuda kwenyanzvi, vachengeti vemadanda, uye mitezo yavose yokupa ufakazi noufakazi pamusoro pomutemo unokarakadzwa.

Kuoneka Kwaiitwa

Pashure pokutongwa, kana kuti nhevedzano yokutongwa, Dare rinosangana kuti riratidze mutemo, iko, kuita chinjo kupfurikidza nokubvisa rugwaro rwapakuvamba, uye kuisa mukurumbira inhano yokutanga mumuitiro womutemo umo mutemo ungangova nechinjo huru, umo mitezo inoratidzira mirangariro yavo, uye sarudza. Iyi nhambo inotambudza inobvumira mitezo yedare kuchenesa mutemo, nhau, uye kuumba bvumirano pachikarakadzo chinoshanda.

Kurangarira Nokukakavadzana

Kana chikabudiswa nedare, bhiri racho rinoiswa pakarenda kuti rivhoterwe, kukurukurwa kana kuti kugadziridzwa, uye kana chikwereti chacho chikapfuura noruzhinji rwakapfava (218 rwa 435), mutezo wacho unoenda kuDare. Gadziriro youriri inosiana zvikuru pakati pamakamuri maviri, kuratidzira mavara avo akasiyana ebumbiro remitemo namagamuchidzanwa etsika.

Kazhinji kazhinji, mitemo yedzimba nemiitiro zvinobvumira voruzhinji kuita mutemo nokukurumidza zvikuru, nepo mitemo yeDare nemiitiro, pane rumwe rutivi, zvichitendera kurangarira chiito chokukurumidza, sezvo zvichigovera simba retsika rinokosha kuvarevereri vamwe navamwe.

Kugadzirisa Misiyano Iri Pakati Pemahofisi

Kana bhiri racho rikapfuudza mutumbi mumwe weCongress, rinoenda kune mumwe mutumbi kupfurikidza nomuitiro wakafanana wokunzvera, kurukurirano, chinjo, uye kuvhota, uye kana matare ose ari maviri avhota kugamuchira musengwa, anofanira kupedza misiano ipi neipi pakati peshanduro mbiri. Apo Imba neDare zvinopfuudza shanduro dzakasiana dzomutemo mumwe chetewo, misiyano yacho inofanira kuyananiswa mutemo usati wagona kupfuurira kuna Purezidhendi.

Pashure pokupfuura kupfurikidza nezvose zviri zviviri Imba neDare musero munowanzotumirwa kudare reJoint House-Senete umo misiano muImba neDare inopfuudzwa inopedzwa, mitezo yeDare roMusangano inowanzoumbwa nemitezo yavakuru yeDare iro pakuvamba rairangarira mutemo, uye varongwi vanogadzwa neUtungamiriri hweImba neDare. Uyu muitiro unobvumira vatongi vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira kukurukura kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira uko kunogona kugutsa makamuri ose ari maviri.

Chiito Chapurezidhendi

Pashure pokunge chiyero chapfuudzwa muchimiro chakafanana navose vari vaviri Imba neDare, chinorangarirwa kuva chakapetwa," uye mutengo unonyoreswa unotumirwa kuna Purezidhendi uyo angasaina chiyero mumutemo, achichidzosa ndokuchidzorera kuCongress, ngachive mutemo usina kusaina, kana kuti pakupera kwerusando, muhomwe.

Purezidhendi anogona kutendera mutero wacho ndokusaina mumutemo, kana kuti purezidhendi anogona kuramba kutendera mutongo, unonzi vaveto, uye kana purezidhendi akasarudza kuisa mutemo, muzvinoitika zvizhinjisa Dare rinogona kuvhota kubvisa izvozvo uye mutongo wacho kuva mutemo. Chinotokudzora chinoda voruzhinji vane mativi maviri okuvhota mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri, kuchichiita chipingamupinyi chinokosha chinovimbisa mutemo bedzi netsigiro yakafara chinogona kuva mutemo pamusoro pokuramba kwapurezidhendi.

Kana purezidhendi akasaina papepa remitemo uye rinoramba risina kuiswa chiratidzo apo Congress inenge isati ichavapozve murusando, mutongo wacho uchaitwa nokusarongwa, uye ichi chiito chinonzi nhomwe, uye hachigoni kushatiswa neDare. Urongwa ihwohwu hunodzivisa Chirongwa kumanikidza ruoko rwaPurezidhendi nokukurumidza pashure pokupfuudza mutemo unomutsa nharo.

Kuoma Kunzwisisa uye Kuoma Kunzwisisa Kwechirongwa Chomutemo

Muitiro uyo chikwereti chinova mutemo hauwanzozivikanwi uye unogona kusiana zvikuru pakutaura, uye kutaura idi, nokuda kwezvikwereti zvakawanda, muitiro wacho hausati uchizotevera nhevedzano yematanho esangano anowanzonzwisiswa kuva anoita muitiro wemitemo. Uku kuchinja kunoratidzira simba rezvamatongerwe enyika rakaoma, mitemo yemitemo, uye kurangarira kunokosha uko kunoumba miuyo yemitemo.

Dare rine mitemo nemiitiro, kazhinji kazhinji yakaoma kunzwisisa uye yakanatswa mumakore akawanda, iyo inotungamirira mashandire arinoita -- uye, zvikurukuru, kuti richashandura sei pfungwa nokuda kwomutemo kuva mitemo. Iyi miitiro yakashanduka kuti iwirirane nokusanoita nokurangarira, murairo mukuru namaruramiro mashomanene, uye kuterama nokutsiga.

Zviito Zvemasangano

Chikarakadzo chinowanzoita chimwe chezvikamu zvina zvikuru: mutengo wacho, chisarudzo chenhengo imwe chete, chisarudzo chakabatana, uye chisarudzo chiri nyore, uye zvikwereti mitemo inoitwa.

Pane musiyano mushoma unoshanda pakati pebhiri nechisarudzo chenhengo dzakabatana uye zvimiro zviviri pane dzimwe nguva zvinoshandiswa zvichichinjana, uye musiyano mumwe chete muchimiro ndechokuti chisarudzo chakabatana chingabatanidza kutanga pachikamu chokutanga chisati chapedza. Zvisarudzo zvemamwe mashoko zvinowanzoshandiswa nokuda kwezvinangwa chaizvo zvakadai sokururamisa kwebumbiro remitemo kana kuti kubvumira zviito zvekurumidziro.

Muitiro Webumbiro reMitemo Wokududzira Kutonga

Nepo Congress ichiita mitemo nezviratidzo zvaPurezidhendi kana kuti ichiita kuti ive yakakomba, bazu rinotonga rinoita basa rinokosha zvakafanana mugadziriro yemitemo yeAmerica kupfurikidza nokududzira mitemo nokusarudza pamutemo wayo. Iri simba rokuongorora, kunyange zvazvo risina kutaurwa zvakajeka muBumbiro remitemo, razova chinhu chinokosha chokudzora kweAmerica.

Mavambo Ehwirudzuro

Rugwaro rweBumbiro reMitemo haruna gadziriro chaiyo yesimba rokuhwirudzura kwokutonga, uye panzvimbo pezvo, simba rokuzivisa mitemo isina urongwa rakarangarirwa kuva simba rinorehwa, rakatorwa muChikamu III neChikamu VI cheBumbiro Remitemo reU.S.. pasinei zvapo nokushayikwa uku kworugwaro rwakajeka rwebumbiro remitemo, pfungwa yacho ine mavambo akadzika enhau.

Chinyorwa chenhau chinobva muKutangwa namakore apakuvamba eRepublic chinokarakadza kuti avo vakaumba ndokutendera Bumbiro reMitemo vaiziva kuhwirudzurwa kwedare, uye kuti vamwe vaifarira kupa matare simba iroro, uye murangariro wokutonga wakatotangwa panguva yokutangwa. matare enyika anoverengeka akanga atoshandisa simba racho kuputsa mutemo wehurumende wairwisana nemitemo yehurumende Bumbiro remitemo reHurumende Hurumende risati ragamuchirwa.

Nepo basa rehwirudzuro yokutonga risina kugoverwa zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo, rakanga rakarirwa pamberi pokugamuchirwa kwechinyorwa ichocho, pamberi pa 1789, matare ehurumende akanga atochinja zviito zvomutemo izvo zvairwisana namabumbiro emitemo, uyezve, vakawanda vaMadzibaba Vakawanikwa vaikarira Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa kuita basa iri pamusoro peBumbiro reMitemo; Alexander Hamilton naJames Madison, somuenzaniso, vakanga vasimbisa kukosha kwokuhwirudzura kwedare muFederastist Papers, uko kwakakurudzira kugamuchirwa kweBumbiro reMitemo.

Marbury v. Madison: Kugadza Gabhubhu yeRuzivo Rwezvematongo

Kuhwirudzurwa kworutongeso rwehurumende kwakatangwa muchisarudzo chakatanhamara chaMarbury v. Madison, chisarudzo chokutanga cheDare Gurusa chokuparadza chiito cheCongress sechisina kutongwa, nomutsetse wakakurumbira kubva kuMutongi Mukuru John Marshall: "Ibasa rakasimbiswa reDare reRuparatiko kutaura kuti mutemo uri sei. Ichochi chisarudzo 1803 chakaumba zvikurukuru basa rejaji rehurumende yeAmerica.

Nheyo yehwirudzuro yokutonga yakasimbiswa zvakasimba mumhaka yemajekesi yeMarbury v. Madison muna 1803, umo Mutongi Mukuru John Marshall akataura basa reDare somuturikiri wokupedzisira weBumbiro reMitemo. Kurangarira kwaMarshall kwakasimbisa kuti matare anofanira kuturikira nokushandisa Bumbiro remitemo pakusarudza mhaka, uye apo mutemo unorwisana neBumbiro remitemo, Bumbiro reMitemo rinofanira kukurira.

Kukura Kwacho Nezvinokosha Zvokuongorora Kutonga

Basa rakaoma reDare Gurusa mutsika ino rinowana muchiremera charo kukuparadza mutemo kana kuti zviito zvavakuru vakuru izvo, murutongeso rweDare runorangarirwa, zvinorwisana neBumbiro reMitemo, uye iri simba re "zvokutonga" zvakapa Dare mutoro unokosha mukodzero dzinovimbisa, pamwe chete nomukuchengeta "Bumbiro remitemo ripenyu" rine gadziriro dzakafara dzinoshandiswa nguva dzose kumigariro mitsva.

Simba rinozivikanwa zvikurusa reDare Rapamusoro zvikurusa kuhwirudzura kwedare, kana kuti mano eDare rokuzivisa chiito choMutemo kana kuti Chiremera mukuputswa kweBumbiro reMitemo. Iri simba rinotambanukira kumitemo yose iri miviri yehurumende nehurumende, pamwe chete nezviito zvechiremera pamwe chete nemitezo yose yehurumende.

Kuhwirudzura dare kunonongedzera kuchiremera cheDare Gurusa chokududzira Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. uye mitemo kana kuti zviito zvaro zvinorerutsa izvo zvinorangarira kuva zvisina murairo. Ichi chiremera chinoita Dare Gurusa rive mutauriri wokupedzisira werevo yebumbiro remitemo, kunyange zvazvo zvisarudzo zvaro sezvinorondedzerwa zvisingagoni kujekeswa kupfurikidza nomuitiro wemitemo wokugadziridza.

Kuhwirudzurwa Kwomutemo Wehurumende

Simba reDare Gurusa rokuhwirudzura mitemo yehurumende nechisarudzo chedare rehurumende rave richikosha zvikuru mukuchengeta kuwirirana kworudzi mukududzira kwebumbiro remitemo. Kusafanana negadziriro yemitemo yeBritain, iyo isingabvumiri chiremera chimwe chebumbiro remitemo, gadziriro yeU.S. inobvumira Dare Rapamusoro kuzivisa zvose zviri zviviri mitemo yehurumende nehurumende isiri pamutemo.

Simba rehwirudzuro yedare rakaratidzirwa muidzi gadziriro dzakavakirwa papfungwa dzinotevera: Ibasa rakaberekwa namatare kusarudza mutemo unoshanda mumhaka ipi neipi, Supremacy Claus anoti "[t] Constitution yake" i "mutemo mukuru wenyika," uye Bumbiro remitemo naizvozvo ndiwo mutemo mukuru weUnited States. Uku kurangarira kunosimbisa kuti apo mitemo yehurumende inorwisana neBumbiro remitemo, matare ehurumende anofanira kuita kuti Bumbiro remitemo riite somutemo mukurusa.

Basa reDare Gurusa muHurumende yeAmerica

Dare Rapamusoro Zvikuru rinoita basa rinokosha zvikuru mugadziriro yedu yebumbiro remitemo rehurumende: Chokutanga, sedare rakakwirira zvikurusa munyika, idare rokupedzisira raavo vanotsvaka ruramisiro; chechipiri, nemhaka yesimba raro rokuhwirudzura, rinoita basa rinokosha mukuvimbisa kuti bazu rimwe nerimwe rehurumende rinoziva ganhuriro dzesimba raro rimene.

Chechitatu, inodzivirira kodzero dzevanhu uye rusununguko kupfurikidza nokudzika mitemo inoputsa Bumbiro Romutemo; pakupedzisira, inogadza ganhuriro dzakakodzera pahurumende yedemokrasi kupfurikidza nokuva nechokwadi chokuti vakuru vakuru vakakurumbira havagoni kupfuudza mitemo inokuvadza uye kana kuti kushandisa zvisina kufanira mapoka maduku asingadiwi, uye chaizvoizvo, inobatira kuva nechokwadi chokuti mirangariro inochinja yavazhinjisa haisati ichisekesa mipimo inokosha inozivikanwa navose veAmerica, ndiko kuti, rusununguko rwokutaura, rusununguko rworudzidziso, uye muitiro wakafanira womutemo.

Kuguma Kwezvisarudzo zveDare Gurusa

Apo Dare Gurusa rinotonga panhau yebumbiro remitemo, kuti chisarudzo charo chinodokuva chokupedzisira; zvisarudzo zvacho zvinogona kuchinjwa bedzi nomutoo usingawanzoshandisiwi wokugadziridza pamutemo kana kuti kupfurikidza nechisarudzo chitsva cheDare, zvisinei, apo Dare rinorondedzera mutemo, chiito chitsva chemitemo chinogona kuitwa. Ichi chisiyano pakati pedudziro yebumbiro remitemo nemitemo chinokosha mukunzwisisa basa reDare mugadziriro yechekero nedzikamo.

Kupamhidza panhau dzebumbiro remitemo kunopedzisira uye kunosungisa mamwe matare ose nezviremera zvehurumende, zvingava hurumende kana kuti hurumende. Uku ukuru kunovimbisa kududzirwa kwakafanana kweBumbiro reMitemo munyika yose, kuchidzivisa kutsanangurwa kunorwisana kungakanganisa mutemo.

Rudzi Rwechienzi Rwokuhwirudzura Mutongo weAmerica

Dare Rapamusorosoro ndiro "rakajeka mumurangariro nebasa," seizvo Mutongi Mukuru Charles Evans Hughes akacherekedza, uye mamwe matare mashomanene munyika ane chiremera chimwe chetecho chedudziro yebumbiro remitemo uye hapana akaishandisa kwenguva refu kana kuti nepesvedzero huru. Ichi chimiro chechienzi chinoratidzira musengwa weAmerica kutsikano yakanyorwa nemitemo uye mutemo.

Makemikari Nedzikamo Mugadziriro yeBumbiro reMitemo

Bumbiro reMitemo rinosimbisa gadziriro yokunzvera nedzikamo izvo zvinodzivisa bazu ripi neripi kuunganidza simba rakanyanyowanda. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rine maturusi chaiwo okunzvera zviito zvemamwe, richiumba dzikamo ine simba inodzivirira rusununguko nepo richigonesa udzori hunobudirira.

Kunzvera Kwomutemo Pasimba Rine Simba

Dare rine nzvero dzinokosha dzakawanda pamusoro pesimba routungamiriri. Kupfuura simba rokukurira maveti apurezidhendi ane voruzhinji vaviri, Dare rine chiremera chakakwana chokusimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi kudare rehurumende, nzvimbo dzedare, uye dzimwe hofisi dzakakwirira. Dare rine mutoro wakatanhamara webumbiro remitemo kusimbisa kuwirirana kwapamberi papurezidhendi uye kutendera zvibvumirano.

Dare rinodzorawo bhajeti yomubatanidzwa kupfurikidza nesimba raro rokuronga, richisarudza kuti mari yehurumende inoshandiswa sei uye nenzira iyoyo richipesvedzera zvinhu zvinokosha zvebazu ravakuru vakuru namano.

Chiremera Chinoongorora Simba Romutemo

Simba raPurezidhendi rinobatira senzvero huru huru pachiremera chemitemo. Nepo Congress ichigona kukurira vheto, chinodikanwa chine zvitatu zviviri chinoita kuti ikoku kuve kwakaoma, kuchipa Purezidhendi pesvedzero huru pamuitiro wemitemo. Mapurezidhendi kazhinji kazhinji anoshandisa tyisidziro yevhito kuumba mutemo mukati mekuvamba kwayo, achikurudzira Chibvumirano kubhadhara zvikwereti zvamabhizimisi zvichasayina Purezidhendi.

Purezidhendi anopesvedzerawo purogiramu yemitemo kupfurikidza neState of Union neimwe kurukurirano neCongress. Munguva dzazvino uno, '' kurukurirano inouraya' yazova manyuko makuru ezvikarakadzo zvemitemo, uye kurukurirano inowanzova muchimiro cheshoko kana kuti tsamba inobva kumutezo wePresidenti wesangano razvimirira, kana kuti Purezidhendi amene, achipa chinyorwa chegweta rakakarakadzwa kuMutauri weHouse youpinduri naMutungamiriri weSangano reSangano.

Mutongi Anonzvera Mapazu Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Simba redare redare rinobatira secherekedzo pazvose zviri zviviri mapazu emitemo neanotungamirira. Mapazu makuru neanotonga ehurumende anosungirwawo kuita mabasa awo nengwariro yakakomba kunheyo dzebumbiro remitemo, uye kunyange zvakadaro, uko zviito zvipi nezvipi namapazu edare anotungamirira kana kuti emitemo zvinodenhwa mumatare, bazi rinotonga rine chiremera chikurusa mukusarudza chiri pamutemo.

Kuva pamutemo kwehwirudzuro yokutonga yakadaro kwakatangwa kupfurikidza nechikamu chikuru cheBumbiro reMitemo, icho chinoda kuti mitemo yose inopfuudzwa muUnited States inofanira kuwirirana neFederal Constitution, chisarudzo chisingagoni kutongova nedonzo kana chikaitwa nedare rimwe chetero rakaita mutemo unokurukurwa, uyezve, kuhwirudzurwa kwedare kunogoverawo simba guru rinorwisana neBumbiro remitemo, zvokuti bazu rimwe rehurumende rine vashandi vasingawi pasi pemigariro yezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti fariro chaiko rinogona kutsanangura mitemo nezviito zvapamusoro mukuwirirana neBumbiro reMitemo.

Kukosha Kwokuramba Uchitora Mirau

Idi rokuti chikarakadzo hachigoni kuva mutemo pasina kurangarirwa netendero zvezvose zviri zviviri dzimba dzeDare ndechimwe chinhu chakatanhamara chegadziriro yedu yomutemo yebhimeyal, uye kurukurirano yapamhene neyakakwana inogoverwa muBumbiro reMitemo kazhinji kazhinji inoguma nevandudziko inocherekedzwa huru yomutemo kupfurikidza nokugadziriswa kwacho kusati kwava mutemo kana kuti mukukundwa kwokupedzisira kwechikarakadzo chisingachinjiki.

Gadziriro yebidaral inobatira zvinangwa zvakawanda mugadziriro yebumbiro remitemo reAmerica. Inovimbisa kuti mutemo unogamuchira kurangarirwa kwokungwarira kubva mumifungo miviri yakasiana, neImba inomirira maruwa akavakirwa pavagari vemo neDare rinomirira mativi ose zvakaenzana. Uku kurangarira kuviri kunobetsera kudzivisa mutemo unokurumidzira kana kuti unorangarirwa zvisina kunaka kuva mutemo.

Chinodikanwa chebvumirano yebhidaral chinodzivirirawo fariro shomanene uye chinokurudzira kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira. Nemhaka yokuti makamuri ose ari maviri anofanira kubvumirana nomutauro wakafanana, vatsigiri vemitemo vanofanira kuvaka zvibvumirano zvakafara uye kukurukura itiro kunobva mumiitiro yakawanda.

Kuganhurirwa Kwemitemo Pasimba Remisangano

Kunyange zvazvo Dare riine chiremera chikuru chokutonga, Bumbiro Remitemo rinoisa miganhu inokosha pane zvinogona kuitwa neDare.

Simba Rakasimba NechiFederano

Kunyange zvazvo masimba aya akadudzirwa kakawanda munguva yakati, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza neChommerce Claus neChuredial neFatherm neFathernet Clause, nheyo inoramba yokuti Congress inogona bedzi kutsinhirana munzvimbo umo ine chiremera chebumbiro remitemo.

Iyi boka rechiremera pakati pehurumende nehurumende, inozivikanwa sehurumende dzehurumende, rutivi runokosha rwemitemo yeAmerica iyo matare anosungisa kupfurikidza nehwirudzuro yedare.

Bhuku Rekodzero Dzemunhu Mumwe Norusununguko

Kugadziridzwa kwekodzero dzemitemo uye kugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo kunoisa miganhu inokosha pane zvinogona kuitwa neDare, kunyange kana richiita mukati memasimba aro akaverengwa.

Iyi dziviriro yebumbiro remitemo inovimbisa kuti kunyange vakuru vakuru vakakurumbira havagoni kushandisa muitiro wemitemo kuputsa maruramiro makuru. Urwu rutivi runorwisana neBumbiro remitemo runoratidzira itiro hanya yavagadziri pamusoro poudzvinyiriri hwevoruzhinji uye kuzvipira kwavo kudzivirira rusununguko rwomunhu oga.

Basa Remitambo Yematongerwe Enyika uye Routungamiriri

Kutungamirira kweboka kunowanzorongwa uye kunotungamirirwa nevatungamiriri vebato muimba imwe neimwe, avo vakasarudzwa nemitezo yecaucus yavo vamene.

MuImba, Mutauri anoshandisa simba rinokosha papurogiramu yemitemo, achisarudza kuti zvikweretii zvinogamuchira kurangarirwa kwouriri nokupesvedzera migove yedare.

Vatungamiriri veboka vanoshanda kufambisira mberi zvinhu zvechikwata chavo zvemitemo nepo vachitarisirawo mirangariro yakasiana - siana mukati menzvimbo dzavo. Vanofanira kudzikamisa zvinodikanwa zvamapoka akasiyana - siyana, kuita chimwe chinhu kuzvinonetsa, uye kushandisa mitemo yakaoma inodzora kamuri rimwe nerimwe.

Gadziriro yeDare Nenyanzvi

Matare ose akagadzwa nomutezo webato roruzhinji, kunyange zvazvo zvigaro zvichiwanzoshanda pedyo nomutezo wakakwirira wedare, mutezo mukurusa webato duku zvikurusa padare, uye muzvinoitika zvinenge zvose, reshiyo yebato roruzhinji kumitezo yebato duku padare nenzira youtsinye inoratidzira reshiyo yose inosarira mudare.

Mitezo yeDare uye vashandi vanoisa pfungwa dzavo dzakawanda pakunyora uye kufunga nezvezvikarakadzo zvemitemo, asi matare anotungamirira mamwe mabasa, uyewo matare anotungamirira masangano emapazi makuru, anoongorora nyaya dzinonetsa vanhu, uye anoita kuti vanhu vanzwe nyaya dzokuunganidza mashoko uye kutsigira hurumende.

Pane kuti nhengo imwe neimwe ide kuva nyanzvi panhau imwe neimwe, nhengo dzinogona kuvimba nebasa redare revamwe padzinenge dzichinyanya kuedza kuita zvinhu zvinonyanya kufarirwa nevavanopinda navo.

Kutora Rutivi Pachena Mugadziriro Yomutemo

Kudzivirirwa uku kwebumbiro remitemo kunosimbisa kuti vagari vemo vanogona kutora rutivi mugadziriro yomutemo nokukurukura mirangariro yavo kuvamiririri vavo uye kutsigira kuita mitemo.

Kutora rutivi kwapachena kunoitwa nenzira dzakawanda, kubva mutsamba nerunhare mumwe nomumwe kusvikira kumasangano akarongwa okukurudzira nokufambisa uswa. Kunzwa kunopa mikana yakarongwa nokuda kwezvibvumikiso zvavose, kuchibvumira nyanzvi, vabhengi, uye vagariwo zvavo kupupurira pamusoro pomutemo unokarakadzwa. iyi kurukurirano yavose inobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti mutemo unoratidzira zvinodikanwa neitiro hanya zvavanhu zvauchatapura.

Kujeka kwegadziriro yomutemo, nokutongwa, mishumo yavose inobudiswa yedare, uye vhoti dzakarekodwa, zvinogonesa vagari vemo kunzvera zviito zvavamiririri vavo ndokuvaita kuti vazvidavirire. Uku kuzvidavirira kunokosha kuhurumende inosarudzwa navamiriri, kuvimbisa kuti vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vanoramba vachigamuchira vamiriri vavo.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwokududzira Bumbiro Romutemo

Dare Repamusorosoro rakatanga nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzokududzira madudziro ebumbiro remitemo, rimwe nerimwe rine zvarakareva zvakasiyana - siyana pamusoro pemanzwisisiro anoitwa Bumbiro Remitemo uye mashandisirwo aro.

Kutanga Nokuomerera Kumitemo Kupenyu

Vamwe vatongi nenyanzvi vanotsigira dzidziso yemavambo, iyo inotsvaka kududzira Bumbiro reMitemo maererano nerevo yaro yapakuvamba yavanhu panguva yokurerutswa. Iyi nzira inosimbisa kuvimbika kurugwaro nevavariro dzavagadziri, ichitaura kuti chinjo yebumbiro remitemo inofanira kuuya kupfurikidza nomuitiro wokugadziridza panzvimbo pokududzirazve kwedare.

Vamwe vanotsigira kutsigira kwebumbiro remitemo, iro rinorangarira Bumbiro remitemo segwaro rinochinjika rinofanira kugadziridzwa kumigariro inochinja. Mutongi mukuru Marshall akataura denho iyo Dare Gurusa rinotarisana nayo mukuchengeta hurumende yakasununguka kupfurikidza nokucherekedza: "Hatitongofaniri kukanganwa kuti ibumbiro remitemo ratiri kutsanangura . . . ... rakaitirwa kutsungirira kwamazera anouya, uye somuuyo, kuchinjirwa kuzvinetso zvakasiana - tsauka zvenhau dzavanhu. ” Uyu murangariro unosimbisa nheyo dzapamhindiro dzeBumbiro remitemo uye kushandiswa kwavo kumigariro mitsva isingadeyi kuoneka navanogadzira zvinhu.

Kutonga Nokuganhurirwa

Kukura nokushandiswa kwehwirudzuro yokutonga kwave kuri nhau dzekurukurirano inopfuurira, zvikurukuru pamusoro pedzikamo pakati pechiito chokutonga nemutsigiri. Kutonga kunonongedzera kukudisa kuputsa mitemo nokuputsa miganhu kufambisira mberi nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo, nepo kudzora kwedare kunosimbisa kuzviisa pasi pamapazu ezvamatongerwe enyika nokunamatira kumuenzaniso.

Vatsigiri vemitemo yokutonga vanotaura kuti matare anofanira kudzivirira kodzero dzepamutemo kunyange kana kuita kudaro kusingafarirwi, nepo vatsigiri vokuzvidzora vachitaura kuti vatongi vasina kusarudzwa havafaniri kutsiva kutonga kwavo kwevakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa nehurumende kunze kwezviito zvakajeka zvokuputswa kwemutemo.

Mhaka Dzinoratidzirwa Mumutemo Webumbiro remitemo

Munhau yose yeAmerica, zvisarudzo zvakati zveDare Rapamusoro rakaumba zvikurukuru mutemo webumbiro remitemo nenzanga yeAmerica.Idzi nhau dzakajeka dzinoenzanisira kuti kududzira kwokutonga kunopesvedzera sei revo nokushandiswa kwenheyo dzebumbiro remitemo.

Kupfuura Marbury neMadison, iyo yakatanga kuongorora nyaya dzokutonga, dzimwe nyaya dzinokosha dzakapindura mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pesimba rehurumende, kodzero dzevanhu, uye ukama huri pakati pehurumende nevagari vemo.

Tsananguro dzeDare dzakakurukura nhau dzinovambira panzvimbo yesimba rezvokutengeserana rehurumende kusvikira kurevo yedziviriro yakaenzana, kubva paganhuriro dzekutaura kwakasununguka kusvikira kuzvinodikanwa zvomuitiro wakafanira. Chisarudzo chimwe nechimwe chinobetsera kukutangwa kunopfuurira kwomutemo webumbiro remitemo, chichivakira pamienzaniso apo chinenge chichipindura zvinetso zvitsva nemigariro yenzanga inochinja.

Ukama Huri Pakati Pekutsanangura Mutemo Nebumbiro Remitemo

Matare anorondedzera zvose zviri zviviri mirau neBumbiro reMitemo, asi aya marudzi maviri okududzira anosiana munzira dzinokosha. Apo matare anodudzira mirau, anotsvaka kuziva icho Chibvumirano chakarongerwa uye kuti mutauro wemitemo unoshanda sei kumigariro yakati. Kana Dare risingabvumirani nedudziro yedare, kunogona kupa mutemo mutsva kujekesa kana kuti kuchinja mutemo.

Tsinhiro yeBumbiro reMitemo, mukupesana, yakaoma zvikuru kukurira. Nemhaka yokuti kupfuudza Bumbiro reMitemo kunoda kuti zvitatiso zvikuru muCongress uye kushaikwa nemativi matatu ehurumende, zvisarudzo zvebumbiro remitemo reDare Gurusa rinoguma nenzira inobudirira kutoti Dare rimene richizvishandura muchinoitika chapashure. Uku kuguma kunopa kududzirwa kwebumbiro remitemo remitemo uye kunoita kuti kuumbwa kweDare Rapamusorosoro kuve nhau yefariro huru yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kugadzwa uye Kusimbiswa Kwavatongi Vehurumende

Muitiro wokugadza vatongi vehurumende unoratidzira gadziriro yeChenjero nedzikamo dzeBumbiro reMitemo. Purezidhendi anoisa vatongi, asi Dare rinofanira kuvasimbisa. Ikoku kwakagoverana mutoro unovimbisa kuti zvose zviri zviviri mapazi anotungamirira neanotonga ane basa mukuumba dare rehurumende.

Pamberi pechiito chinobvira chedare chokushuma kuiswa kwehurume, dare ringava nokutongwa apo mutongi anopindura mibvunzo kumitezo yedare, kunyadzisira kunoparirwa nekurukurirano isina kuganhurirwa pauriri hweDare, uye muitiro wokudimburwa kazhinji kazhinji unoshandiswa kusvika vhoti parumwe rudzi, uye kukwidziridza pamibvunzo mizhinjisa kunoda kuvhota kwevatatu vane chidimbu cheDare, sezvinorondedzerwa pakuvamba, asi kuoma kwemvura kunogona kukumbirwa parumananga rusina kuoma.

Muitiro wokusimbisa wazova unopesana zvikuru mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura, zvikurukuru nokuda kwezvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusoro. Masangano anonzvera uzivi hwedare, zvisarudzo zvenguva yakapfuura, uye mirangariro panhau dzenharo. Uku kunzvera kunoratidzira kuzivikanwa kwokuti kugadzwa kwedare, zvikurukuru kuDare Rapamusorosoro, kunogona kuumba mutemo webumbiro remitemo kwezvizvarwa.

Kukosha Kwokududzira Zvakarurama Mumutemo

Dzidziso yokutarisisa, iyo inoreva kuti "kumira mukuwirirana nezvinhu zvinosarudzwa," inoita basa rinokosha mumutemo weAmerica. Muiyi dzidziso, matare anowanzotevera zvisarudzo zvawo amene zvapamberi penhau dzakafanana. Uku kuomerera kumuenzaniso kunosimudzira dzikamo, kudeya kujeka, uye kusachinjika mumutemo.

Zvisinei, muenzaniso hausati uri wakakwana. Dare remitemo rinogona uye rinoita zvisarudzo pamberi pezvi apo zvinogumisa zvisarudzo izvozvo zvakasarudzwa nenzira isina kururama kana kuti zvazova zvisingashandi. Dare Rapamusorosoro rakachinja mienzaniso yaro rimene munhau dzinooneka dzinobata nhau dzinovambira parusarurano kuenda kumitemo yemari kukodzero dzomunhu oga.Idzi chinjo dzinoratidzira kuti kududzirwa kwemitemo kunochinja nokufamba kwenguva, kunyange zvazvo kutsigira kwapamberi penhau kunogovera kupfuurira kunokosha.

Kutarisira Nokuzadzika Kwemasangano

Kana mutemo wangoitwa chete, Dare rine kodzero uye mutoro wokutarisira kushandiswa kwemitemo, uye matare aro anotungamirira basa iri rokutarisira rinovimbisa kuti masangano ebazi anotungamirira anoshandisa mitemo seCongress yakarongwa uye anoshandisa mari yakakodzera.

Kutarisira kweCongregary kunoitwa zvimiro zvakawanda, kubatanidza kunzwa, kunzvera, mishumo, uye kurukurirano isina kurongwa navakuru vakuru vesangano. Matare anogona kuisa magwaro epona nechipupuriro, anoita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire nokuda kwezviito zvavo, uye anorumbidza chinjo kumiitiro yesangano. Uku kutarisira kunopfuurira kunokosha kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti mitemo inoita zvinangwa zvavo zvakarondwa uye kuti simba roukurukota rinoshandiswa nenzira ine mufungo.

Basa raPurezidhendi Mugadziriro Yomutemo

Nepo Congress ichiita mitemo, Purezidhendi anoita rutivi runokosha mumuitiro womutemo kupfuura kungosaina kana kuti kubvisa zvikwereti.

Hurukuro yaPurezidhendi weState of the Union inopa mukana wegore negore wokuratidza zvinhu zvinokosha zvomutemo uye kutsigira ruzhinji nokuda kwezvirongwa zvakati. Mapurezidhendi anoshandisawo zvirango zvevakuru vakuru, zviziviso, uye zvimwe midziyo kupesvedzera muitiro, kunyange zvazvo izvi zviito zviri pasi pemitemo nebumbiro remitemo uye zvinogona kudenhwa mudare.

Mapurezidhendi azvino uno akatanga mabasa makuru okubatanidza mitemo mukati meWhite House, navashandi vakatsaurirwa kushandira Congress papurogiramu yemitemo yaPrezidenti. Iyi nzvimbo inoratidzira basa guru iro budiriro yemitemo inoita mukubudirira kwapurezidhendi uye nhaka.

Kushandira Pamwe Noukama Pakati Pomutemo Wehurumende Nehurumende

Kunzwisisa kuti mitemo inoitwa sei kunoda kunzwisisa gadziriro iyi yehurumende uye kuti mutemo wehurumende unoshanda sei pamwe chete.

Supremacle inosimbisa kuti Bumbiro reMitemo, mitemo yehurumende, uye zvibvumirano mutemo mukurusa wenyika, kureva kuti mitemo yehurumende inorwisana nomutemo wehurumende wapamutemo inobviswa. Zvisinei, hurumende dzinochengeta chiremera chakafara chokuisa mumativi asina kudzorwa nomutemo wehurumende, uye bumbiro remitemo rehurumende rinogona kugovera dziviriro huru zvikuru nokuda kwekodzero dzomunhu mumwe nomumwe kupfuura zvinodikanwa neBumbiro remitemo rehurumende.

Ichi chirongwa chehurumende chinoparira kuoma kunzwisisa asi chinobvumirawo kuedza nokusiyana mukudzora. Mitemo inogona kubatira se "mibato yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu," kuedza mitoo yakasiana kuzvinetso zvemiitiro. Kuvandudza kwehurumende kunobudirira kunogona kunyandura mutemo womubatanidzwa kana kuti kugamuchirwa nedzimwe nyika, nepo kuedza kukundikana kugovera zvidzidzo zvokungwarira.

Tapuro Yedudziro Yebumbiro remitemo PaSosaiti

Zvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa zvine tapuro inokosha panzanga yose zvayo, kwete bedzi pamagweta navatongi. kududzira kweBumbiro remitemo kunoumba mativi makuru oupenyu hweAmerica, kubva kukodzero dzevanhu dzinogona kushandiswa kusvikira kumasimba hurumende inogona kushandisa kuukama pakati pemitengo yakasiana - siana yehurumende.

Zvisarudzo zveDare guru zvakakurukura dzimwe dzenhau dzinonetsa uye dzinokosha zvikuru munhau yeAmerica, kubatanidza uranda, kuganhurirwa kwevarombo, mutemo wezvemari, kodzero dzokubereka, kodzero dzokuvhota, uye nzira dzokupara mhosva.

Tsinhiro dzeDare dzinopesvedzera kwete bedzi dzidziso yapamutemo asiwo masangano enzanga, gakava rezvamatongerwe enyika, uye nzwisiso dzetsika dzekodzero nemitoro. Mutemo weBumbiro remitemo nokudaro unobatira zvose zviri zviviri segadziriro yapamutemo nepfundo guru rekurukurirano pamusoro pemipimo yeAmerica neudzori.

Matambudziko Nokutsoropodza Kwegadziriro Yemazuva Ano

Nepo gadziriro yeAmerica yokuita mitemo nokududzira yakatsungirira kwaanopfuura mazana maviri amakore, inotarisana nedenho dzinopfuurira netsoropodzo. Vamwe vanotaura kuti muitiro wemitemo wava unononoka zvikuru uye unodzorwa, kuchiita kuti kuve kwakaoma kupedza zvinetso zvokukurumidzira. Vamwe vanotaura kuti hwirudzuro yedare inopa simba rakanyanyowanda pamusoro pokuita chisarudzo chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Kuitira hanya pamusoro pokuparadzaniswa kwemapoka, pesvedzero yemari mune zvematongerwe enyika, uye kuderera kwechivimbo chavanhu mumasangano kunomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokuti gadziriro inoshanda zvakanaka sei zvinodikanwa zvapanguva ino.kurukurirano dzinopfuurira pamusoro penzira yokudzikamisa nayo mipimo inokwikwidzana yakadai sokusanoita zvakanaka nokurangarira, kutonga kukuru nekodzero shomanene, dzikamo nokuchinjika.

Idzi denho hadzisi itsva --vagadziri vamene vasingabvumirani pamusoro pemativi akawanda egadziriro yebumbiro remitemo, uye vaAmerica vakaitirana nharo pamusoro pedudziro yakafanira nokushandiswa kwenheyo dzebumbiro remitemo munhau yose yorudzi. Rudzi runopfuurira rweidzi kurukurirano runoratidzira zvose zviri zviviri kuoma kwehurumende uye ukoshi husingagumi hwemibvunzo yebumbiro remitemo.

Nguva Yemberi Yokutonga kweBumbiro reMitemo

Sezvo chaunga cheAmerica chinopfuurira kuchinja, denho itsva dzichaedza kuchinjika kwegadziriro yebumbiro remitemo nokugadziridza. Kubatanidza ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwechiverengero chavagari vemo, kuchinja kwebatanidzwa kwenyika yose, uye denho dzetsika itsva kuchada kuti vose vari vaviri vaiti vemitemo navatongi vashandise nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo kumigariro iyo vagadziri vacho vaisagona kufungidzira.

Chivako chinokosha chakatangwa neBumbiro reMitemo(*) kutsauranisa masimba, kunzvera nedzikamo, kudzivirira maruramiro omunhu oga (mubatanidzwa wehurumende), uye dziviriro yamaruramiro emunhu oga (zvinoparira gadziriro yokupedza idzi denho. Zvisinei, kushandiswa chaiko kweidzi nheyo kuchapfuurira kushanduka kupfurikidza nomuitiro wemitemo nedudziro yedare.

Kunzwisisa kuti mitemo inoitwa sei uye inodudzirwa sei muBumbiro Romutemo reUS kunokosha nokuda kwokuva mugari wemo achiziva uye kutora rutivi kunobudirira mukudzora kwehurumende yehurumende yegutsaruzhinji.

Masangano Anokosha Mugadziriro yeBumbiro Romutemo

Kuitwa kwemitemo uye kuturikirwa kunosanganisira masangano anokosha anoverengeka, rimwe nerimwe riine mabasa akasiyana - siyana uye mabasa akasiyana - siyana:

  • Imba yavamiriri - inomirira vanhu vakavakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vemo, inovamba zvikwereti zvemari, uye inogoverana simba rakaenzana romutemo neDare
  • Dare - mimifanikiso inowirirana, inosimbisa kunyoreswa kwapurezidhendi, inotendera zvibvumirano, uye inogoverana simba rakaenzana romutemo neImba
  • Mutungamiriri wehurumende – Zviratidzo kana kuti chirevo chinodzorwa, anokarakadza zvokutanga zvomutemo, uye mitemo inopfuudzwa neCongress
  • Dare Gurusa – Rinodudzira Bumbiro reMitemo nemitemo, rinoita hwirudzuro yokutonga, uye rinobatira somutauriri wokupedzisira werevo yebumbiro remitemo
  • Dare reBoocer - Shandisa mutemo womubatanidzwa kunhau dzakananga, kududzira mirau nemirau, uye kunogona kuzivisa mitemo isingawirirani nemitemo kuhwirudzuro yeDare Rapamusorosoro
  • [ Matare okutonga [[[FT:1] - Kukudziridzwa kwounyanzvi munharaunda dzakati dzemiitiro, hwirudzura mutemo unokarakadzwa, mufambiro, uye kudzorwa kwenhau
  • Hurumende dzeChimiro cheChitendero – Kusimbisa Mutambo kwakachengeta masimba muTen Standard Standard Version, kushandisa mapurogiramu ehurumende, uye kunogona kugovera dziviriro huru zvikuru kupfuura mutemo womubatanidzwa unoda

Mazano Okumwe Kudzidza

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro penzira iyo mitemo inoitwa nayo nokududzirwa muUS Constitution, zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvinowanika. RIBRAY yepawebsite yeCongress inogovera mashoko akakwana pamusoro pomuitiro wemitemo, kubatanidza mirayiridzo ine udzame nezvishandiso zvedzidzo. Website yedare repamutemo [ inogovera kumifungo, zvitengo, uye zviwanikwa zvedzidzo pamusoro pebazu redare rinotonga.

[[NHAMBA:0] National Archives inochengeta magwaro enhau nezvinoshandiswa pamusoro peBumbiro remitemo nehurumende yeAmerica. Masangano eMacademic, masangano efungidziro, uye masangano ehurumende anogoverawo zviteshi zvinokosha zvokunzwisisa mutemo webumbiro remitemo uye muitiro wemitemo.

Kubatanidzwa namanyuko makuru — kurava Bumbiro reMitemo rimene, kunzvera mirangariro yeDare Rapamusorosoro, kutevera nharo dzedare, uye kufunda magwaro enhau — kunopfupikisa zvikuru kunzwisisa nzira iyo gadziriro yemitemo yeAmerica inoshanda nayo. Izvi zvinhu zviri kuwanika zvikuru paIndaneti, zvichiita kuti kuve nyore zvikuru kuti vagari vemo vazvidzidzise vamene pamusoro pehurumende yavo kupfuura nakare kose.

mhedziso

Muitiro wokuita nokududzira mitemo pasi peBumbiro reMitemo reUS unoratidzira gadziriro yokungwarira yegadziriro inodzikamisa mipimo inokwikwidzana uye inoparadzira simba pakati pamasangano akawanda. Muitiro wemitemo unovimbisa kuti mitemo inowana rukudzo rwakakwana netsigiro pamberi pokugadzwa, nepo kuhwirudzura kwokutonga kunodzivirira nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo nekodzero dzomunhu oga.

Tsika iyi yakaratidza kuva yakasimba zvikuru uye inochinjika, ichibata nezvinetso kubva muHondo yevagari vemo kusvikira kuKuderera Kukuru Kwoupfumi kusvika kusangano rekodzero dzevanhu kunhau dzepanguva ino.

Kunzwisisa gadziriro iyi kunokosha nokuda kwokuva mugari wemo anobudirira muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa nzira iyo mitemo inoitwa nayo ndokududzirwa nayo, vagari vemo vanogona kutora rutivi zviri nani mukudzora, kuita kuti vamiriri vavo vazvidavirire, uye kubetsera kugadziriro inopfuurira yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Bumbiro remitemo nderavanhu, uye revo yaro nokushandiswa zvinotsamira pavagari vemo vanoziva uye vanobatanidzwa vanonzwisisa uye vanokoshesa nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo.