Nzira Iyo Bhiri Rinova Nayo Mutemo: Nhungamiro Yomugari Womunyika Kumuitiro Womutemo

Nhambo kubva papfungwa iri nyore kuenda kumutemo unomanikidzirwa ndeimwe yemiitiro inokosha zvikurusa muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ipi neipi. Nepo muitiro wemitemo unogona kuratidzika kuva werabytincial kuvagari vemowo zvavo, kunzwisisa magadzirirwe awo makuru kunokosha nokuda kwokutora rutivi rune revo. Iyi nhungamiro inoputsa chikamu chimwe nechimwe chomuitiro wokuita mitemo, kubva pachikarakadzo chokutanga kusvikira kukuvambwa kwokupedzisira, ichigovera tsananguro dzakajeka nenzwisiso inoshanda nokuda kwevagari vemo vanoda kunzwisisa uye kubatanidzwa nehurumende yavo.

Mavambo Emitemo: Kwakatanga Ipfungwa

Pfungwa idzi dzinogona kubva mumanyuko akawanda, kubatanidza vagari vemo vamwe navamwe, mapoka ezvibvumirano zvehurumende, masangano ehurumende, vanofunga nezvemotokari, kana kuti mitezo yesangano remitemo pacharo.Kunzwisisa apo zvikarakadzo zvinovamba kunobetsera vagari vemo kuziva kuti muitiro wemitemo hausati uri mubato wapamutemo wakachengeterwa vezvamatongerwe enyika asi muitiro une simba unoita chimwe chinhu kuzvinodikanwa neitiro hanya zvavanhu.

Kubatanidzwa Muchikamu Chemanzwiro

Vagari vemo vanoita basa rinokosha mukuita mitemo yapakuvamba zvikurusa. Apo unotaura nomumiriri wako akasarudzwa pamusoro penhau yenzanga, kutora rutivi mumusangano wehoro yetaundi, kana kuti kukumbanira nhimbe yokudzora pamutemo, uri kubetsera kuboka repfungwa dzingazova mutemo pakupedzisira. Mitemo inokosha yakawanda mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura ine midzi yayo mumibato yeuswa uye nhamburiko dzougari hwezvizvarwa.

Kukanda Bhiro racho: Kubva Pakurangarira Kuenda Kuchirongwa Chomuitiro

Kana pfungwa yangova yokunaya, inofanira kuchinjwa kuva gwaro remitemo rinozivikanwa semutengo wemitemo. uyu muitiro unowanzoitwa nevashandi vemitemo, nyanzvi dzemitemo, kana kuti mahofisi chaiwo mudare remitemo. Tsamba yacho inofanira kunyorwa nomutauro wakananga unotaura zvakajeka chinangwa chayo, muganhu wayo, uye zvayakaita.

Mari yakagadzirwa zvakanaka inosanganisira zvinhu zvikuru zvinoumba mutengo:

  • Umutwe nenhamba: Mitemo yose inogamuchira mukurumbira wakasiyana nokuda kwamadonzo okuronda, wakadai seH.R. 1234 muImba yavamiriri kana kuti S. 567 muDare.
  • Kupedzisa kana kuti Chikamu Chedonzo: Ichi chikamu chinotsanangura mufungo uri seri kwomutemo uye chinetso chachinovavarira kupedza.
  • [[FT:0] Kuberekwa: Mashoko makuru anoshandiswa mumuromo wose anorondedzerwa zvakajeka kudzivisa kusajeka mukati medudziro.
  • [ Gadziriro: Chiri mukati mechikamu che $4] Chikamu chikuru che $4,5%, kubatanidza mitemo mitsva iri kuumbwa kana kuti mitemo iripo inochinjwa.
  • Musi unotera: apo mutemo uchava unoshanda, ungava wapakarepo kana kuti pamusi wakatarwa womunguva yemberi.

Sumo Nokurava Kwokutanga

Muitiro wemitemo unovamba apo mutezo wedare rewisc unotanga mutongo. Mumitezo yebidamal seUnited States Congress, mutongo unogona kutangwa mukamuri ripi neripi, kunze kwezvikwereti zvemari zvinofanira kuvamba muImba yeVamiririri. Sumo yacho inobatanidza kupa mubhadhari wacho, uyo anougovera nhamba ndokuurava kwenguva yokutanga.

Kurava uku kwokutanga zvikurukuru kunoreva kuti, asi kunoratidzira mavambo epamutemo erwendo rwemitemo. Chibvumirano chinobva chapinda muchinyorwa chepamutemo uye chinenge chavapo kuti chidzokororwe pachena. Vagari vanogona kuwana mabhiri panzvimbo dzevhodhi yehurumende, zvichigovera kujeka kubvira pakutanga chaipo kwegadziriro yacho.

Dare Rinoongorora: Mwoyo Wokuongorora Mitemo

Chikamu ichi chinowanzorondedzerwa sechinonyanya kukosha pakuongorora uye kugadziridza mitemo nokuti ndiyo inoita kuti pave netsanangudzo huru.

Mashandiro Anoita Matare

Matare mapoka chaiwo ari mudare remitemo anonangidzira ngwariro panzvimbo dzakati dzemiitiro dzakadai sedzokurima, dzidzo, tarisiro youtano, kana kuti chengeteko yenyika. Dare rimwe nerimwe rine mutarisiri anodzora zvirongwa uye rudungwe rwokutonga. Muitiro wedare unowanzopetwa muzvikamu zvakati kuti:

Kunzwa: Dare rinoita kutonga kwavose uko nyanzvi, vakuru vakuru vehurumende, mapoka ezvibvumirano, uye vagari vemo vanotapurwa vanogona kupupurira pamusoro pemutongo. Uku kutongwa kunopa mukana wemifungo yakasiana- siyana kuti inzwiwe uye kuti dare riunganidze mashoko pamusoro petapuro dzinobvira dzomutemo unokarakadzwa.

Zvikamu zvemascroup: Pashure pokutonga, dare rinosangana kuzokurukura mutsetse wemichero nemirairo ndokukarakadza kugadziridzwa. Uyu muitiro wokupa chipo ndiwo umo basa rine udzame remitemo rinoitika. Mitezo yeDare inogona kupa kugadziridza kuti igadziridze gadziriro dzakananga, kuwedzera zvikamu zvitsva, kana kuti kubvisa mutauro une zvinetso.

Committee Vote: Kana kuisa chipo kwapera, dare rinovhota kana richifanira kushuma mutengi wacho zvakanaka kudare rakazara. Kana mari inopfuura, inoperekedzwa nomushumo wedare unotsanangura chinangwa chomutemo, kurangarira kwedare, uye mirangariro ipi neipi inopesana.

Mabhiri anogonawo kufa mudare kana dare rikasarudza kusaita chiito pamusoro paro.

Nharo Dzomudenga Nokutamba

Pashure pokunge dare rataura nezvemari yaifanira kubhadharwa, rinoenda pauriri hwekamuri racho kuti rirangarirwe nenhengo dzose.

Kugadza Mitemo

Gakava risati ratanga, kamuri rinofanira kubvumirana pamitemo ichadzora kurangarirwa kwomurayiro. MuImba yeVamiririri, ikoku kunowanzoitwa kupfurikidza nomutemo unobva kuDare reMitemo unotaura nguva yakagoverwa nokuda kwekurukurirano, iyo inogadziridzwa inogona kupiwa, nemimwe miganhu yemipimo. MuDare, gakava kazhinji kazhinji rinochinjika zvikuru, kunyange zvazvo zvibvumirano zvinobvumirana nebvumirano zvichiwanzoshandiswa kurangarira kuvakwa.

Kupokanidzana Kwacho

Kazhinji kutaura kunoitwa nevakawanda, kunyange zvazvo mune dzimwe dzimba, nhengo dzinogona kutaura kwenhambo dzakareba. Kukurukurirana kwacho kunoshanda zvinangwa zvakawanda: kunobvumira nhengo kutsanangura zvavanofunga, kunyengetedza vamwe, uye kunyora pachena nyaya dzacho nokuda kwomutemo uye kupesana nazvo.

Kuchinja Kwakaita Maruva

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, mitezo inogona kukarakadza kugadziridzwa mukati mekurukurirano youriri hwepasi. Muitiro wokugadziridza unogona kuva mukuru, nezviuru zvakawanda kana kuti kunyange mazana egadziridzo dzinopiwa nokuda kwomutemo mukuru. Kugadziriswa kumwe nokumwe kunofanira kukurukurwa ndokuvhoterwa parutivi rumwe chete pamberi pevhoti yokupedzisira pamutemo wacho yose.

Mutambo Wokupfuura Kwokupedzisira

Once debate and amendments are complete, the chamber votes on final passage. The voting method can vary, including voice votes, division votes, or recorded roll call votes. A simple majority is typically required for passage, though some types of legislation may require supermajorities. When the vote succeeds, the bill is declared passed and is sent to the other chamber.

Kufamba Nedare Rechipiri

Mugadziriro yebhidamaral, bhiri racho rinofanira zvino kuita musero yose zvakare mune imwe kamuri.Izvi zvinoreva kutanga, kuhwirudzura dare, kurukurirano youriri, uye vhoti yokupedzisira. Kamuri rechipiri ringapfuudza rugwaro rwacho chaizvoizvo sezvarakagamuchirwa, kuita gadziridzo, kana kuti kururamba chose chose.

Kana imba yechipiri ikapinda parumwe rurimi runosiyana nerweimba yokutanga, makamuri maviri anofanira kuyananisa misiyano yawo; izvi zvinoitwa nokumwe kwokushandura kuzhinji;

  • [[[DHAKA: 0] REKUTSVANA: Makamuri anotumira michinjikwa achidzoka achidzoka kusvikira asvika pabvumirano.
  • Dare reConference: Dare chairo rinoumbwa nemitezo inobva mumakamuri ose ari maviri rinoumbwa kuti ritaurirane shanduro inobvumiranisa mirangariro yemutemo.
  • Revoyoni: Mune zvimwe zviitiko, makamuri anogona kubvuma kubvumira shanduro yeimwe kamuri pasina kutaurirana.

Muitiro wedare romusangano unokosha zvikuru nemhaka yokuti unowanzoshanda seri kwemasuo akavharwa, kuchitungamirira vamwe vatsoropodzi kutaura kuti unoderedza kujeka.

Chiito Chine Chinopa chiremera: Kusaina kana kuti Veto

Kana hofisi dzose dziri mbiri dzapfuura zvimiro zvakafanana zvebhiri, dzinopiwa kuhofisi yebazu, kazhinji kazhinji purezidhendi kana kuti gavhuna, nokuda kwechiito chokupedzisira. Mutarisiri ane zvisarudzo zvinoverengeka panguva ino:

Kuisa Bhiro racho Mumutemo

Kana mukuru mukuru akatendera mari, vanosaina, uye inova mutemo. Chisaini chingaperekedzwa nemhemberero yavose kana kuti kutaura kwokusaina kunoronga kududzira mutemo kwomutungamiriri. Musi unoshanda womutemo unosarudzwa negadziriro dzemari, idzo dzingadudza musi unoshanda wapakarepo kana kuti musi womunguva yemberi.

Simba reVeto

Kana mukuru mukuru akasabvumirana nepepa racho, vanogona kubudisa vheto, vachidzorera gweta racho kunzvimbo yamavambo netsananguro yakanyorwa yezvirambidzo zvavo. Shoko reveto rinowanzotaura funganyo dzakananga pamusoro pechisipo kana kuti pamutemo. Mune dzimwe zviremera, mukuru mukuru anewo simba rechinhu chakatemwa, chinovabvumira kuramba zvinhu zvakati pasina kunyora bhiridhasi rose.

Pocket Veto

Mune dzimwe gadziriro, kana mukuru mukuru asingaiti chiito papepa remitemo mukati menhambo yakatarwa (mukuwirirana namazuva 10) apo imba yomutemo inenge iri murusando, mutezo wacho unova mutemo woga pasina siginicha yomukuru mukuru. Zvisinei, kana mutemi wemitemo akapikira mukati menhambo iyoyo, mutemo hausati uchizova mutemo, muitiro unozivikanwa sehomwe.

Kukunda Munyu

Apo mukuru mukuru anoisa musengwa, mutumbi wemitemo une banza rokukurira murairo nokuisa mutemo pasinei zvapo nokuramba kwavakuru vakuru. Kunyanyotora vhito kunoda vhoti hurusa, kazhinji kazhinji mitatu miviri yemitezo iripo mukamuri rimwe nerimwe. Ichi chikumbaridzo chakakwirira chinovimbisa kuti kukunda hakuwanzowaniki, kubatira secherekedzo pasimba remitemo nepo kuchichengeta mano omutungamiriri okudzivisa mutemo anorangarira kuva nechinetso.

Kushanda kwehurumende dzakawanda dzehurumende dzinosarudzwa nevanhu kunomanikidza kuti pave nebatira pamwe pakati pemapazu emitemo neanotonga uye kunoda kuti pave nebvumirano yakakura yokuisa mitemo pane kurambidza kwevakuru vakuru.

Kushandisa uye Kutonga

Kana mutemo wangova bedzi mutemo, basa harina kupedzwa.Masangano ehurumende anofanira kushandisa mutemo, uyo kazhinji kazhinji unobatanidza kugadzira mirau ine udzame iyo inoratidzira kuti mutemo uchashandiswa sei.

Rudzi rwokuisa mitemo runowanzonzverwa asi rune donzo remuitiro wemitemo. Mitemo yakawanda yakanyorwa nomutauro wakafara uyo unoda masangano kuzadza udzame kupfurikidza nemirau. Ikoku kunoreva kuti vagari vomunyika vanoda kupesvedzera kuti mutemo unoshanda sei chaizvoizvo mukushandisa vangawana nhambo yokugadza mitemo kuva pfundo rinobudirira rokuvimbisana.

Kubatanidzwa Kungaita Vagari Vemo Panhanho Iri Yoga

Kunzwisisa maitiro emitemo kunokosha chete kana vagari vemo vachiziva kuti vangapindura sei zvinobudirira.Hedzi nzira dzinobatsira dzokuita nadzo basa rimwe nerimwe parwendo urwu:

Kutanga Kusati Kwasvika

  • Ziva zvinhu zvine chokuita newe wotsvakurudza mitemo nezvikarakadzo zviripo.
  • Ona vamiririri vako vakasarudzwa kuti vagoverane itiro hanya dzako nezvikarakadzo.
  • Batanidza kana kuti tsigira masangano okudzora utsotsi anoshanda panhau dzaune hanya nadzo.
  • Pinda misangano yomuhoro yetaundi uye nzvimbo dzenzanga kuti utaure zvaunofunga.

Mukati Mehwirudzuro Yedare

  • Dare rinoona zviri kuitika uye rinonzwa zviziviso panzvimbo dzepaIndaneti dzehurumende.
  • Ipa uchapupu hwakanyorwa kana kuti chikumbiro chokupupurira pakutonga kwevoruzhinji.
  • Nhengo dzedare remahofisi kuti dzitaure maonero ako pamusoro pomutemo waizofanira kuitwa.
  • Tevera marusando edare anobhadharisa nzizi kana kuti zvinyorwa zvavose.

Mukati Megakava Ramatope

  • Tsvaka mutengo wemari kupfurikidza negadziriro dzehurumende dzokuongorora kana kuti maturusi echitatu.
  • Onana navamiriri vako kuti uvakurudzire kutsigira kana kuti kushora chikwereti chacho.
  • Taurai mashoko nevokwamunogara kuti muzive uye muite chimwe chinhu.
  • Ronga kana kuti kutora rutivi munhimbe dzokusatendeseka dzinodenha mitezo yakanyongana.

Mukati Mehwirudzuro Yane Chiremera

  • Taura nehofisi yamukuru mukuru kuti utaure kutsigira kwako kana kuti kushorwa.
  • Mugoverane munhimbe dzavose uchikurudzira kusaina kana kuti kuridza.
  • Gadzirira kuita basa rokuisa mitemo kana chikwereti chacho chikazova chepamutemo.

Mukati Mokuita Rukudzo

  • Zviziviso zvesangano rinoona nezvemitemo inokarakadzwa.
  • Pindura mhinduro panguva yemhinduro dzepachena.
  • Itawo chimwe chinhu pamitemo inokarakadzwa.
  • Shanda namapoka akachenjera kutsinhiranisa mhinduro dzinobudirira.

Chikonzero Nei Kunzwisisa Muitiro Kuchikosha

Kana vagari vemo vakanzwisisa kuti mutemo unenge wava mutemo, vanokwanisa kuziva mikana yokuchinja zvinhu, kuziva apo manzwi avo anenge achidiwa zvikuru, uye kuita kuti vamiririri vavo vakasarudzwa vazvidane.

Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinopa vagari vemo mukana wokunzwa manzwi avo. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvingaita sezvinononoka uye zvinonetsa, kugadzira uku kunoitirwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo inonyatsofungwa uye inotsigirwa isati yaitika.

Nokuda kwemimwe mitemo pagadziriro yomutemo, vagari vemo vanogona kunzvera mawebsite epamutemo ezvirongwa zvavo zvemitemo, zvakadai se Confor.gov chiteshi chemitemo yeU.S. chinogovera kusvika kwakakwana kumagwaro epepa, mishumo yedare, uye zvinyorwa zvokuvhotera. Masangano asingaiti pamutemo akafanana ne [[FLT:] National Conference of State Legistrations anopa zvinhu pamiitiro yehurumende yetsika, uye mipiro ye [FLT:].[FL:]

Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa muitiro wemitemo, unozvishongedzera umene nezivo yokushandisa hurumende yako nenzira inobudirira ndokubetsera kutangwa kwemitemo inoumba nzanga yako nenyika yako.