Kunzwisisa Simba Rezvinyorwa Zvoruzhinji Mukutonga

Hurukuro dzehurumende dzinoumba musimboti wechisarudzo chenharo dzehurumende. Kana uri kupikisa kubviswa kwerezinisi renyanzvi, kurwisa chisarudzo chedare rinogadzira nyika, kudenha shavo yemhoteredzo, kana kuti kurambwa kunofadza, mugumisiro wacho unowanzotsamira pauremu hwoufakazi hwauchapa. Pakati pezvine simba zvikurusa (*kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji) zvisaririra zvoufakazi izvinyorwa zvavose. Aya magwaro, anowanika pamutemo kuvagari vemo vapi navapi, anogona kuratidzira kusawirirana, kuputsanya, uye mitoo yetsika dzamasangano idzo dzingadai dzakavanzwa. Kuziva kuti ungawana sei, kutsigira, uye kutumira mapepa avose anogona kuchinja nhau isina simba kuva inogombedzerwa.

Zvinyorwa zvavose hazvina kuganhurirwa kuzvinyorwa zvedare. Zvinobatanidza chisiko chose chikuru chemashoko akagadzirwa nehurumende kana kuti anobatwa nehurumende, kubva pamishumo yenzvero nemirau inotumirwa kundonzvera zviwanwa namaminiti emisangano. Mumashoko akapoteredza ekutonga, zvinyorwa izvi zvinobatira samanyuko eidi. Kusafanana nouchapupu, hunogona kudzidziswa nokuda kwefungidziro kana kuti yeuko dzinokanganisa, chinyorwa chavose chakaisvonaka chinova chakavimbika. Nyaya ino inogovera nhungamiro yakakwana kukuziva, kuwana, uye kushandisa marekodhi avose kusimbisa nzvimbo yako mukutungamirira kupi nokupi nokupi.

Zvinyorwa Zvevanhu Vose Zvinei Uye Nei Zvichikosha?

Panzvimbo payo pakavanda, chinyorwa chipi nechipi, chinyorwa, chinyorwa, kana kuti mashoko akaitwa, anogamuchirwa, kana kuti anochengetwa nesangano rehurumende mubhizimisi ravose. Tsananguro yacho inosiana nehurumende asi inobatanidza maemail, mishumo, zvibvumirano, mvumo, nzvero, marekodhi, uye kunyange mitemo yemitemo. Hwaro hwepamutemo hwokuwana zvinhu izvi hunobva panheyo dzehurumende dzakavhura, dzakadai seFreedom of Information Act (FOIA) uye mitemo yehurumende yezuva.

Nheyo dzehurumende dzinonyora nhau mukutonga nemhaka yokuti dzinogovera nhau yenhau ine donzo yamaidi ayo sangano ringada kuchengeta kuva rakajeka. Somuenzaniso, kana redhipatimendi rokuvaka reguta rikapa chiziviso chokuputswa kwenzvimbo yauinayo, mushumo wenzvero unowirirana, mapikicha emisi inoiswa musi, uye tsamba navaridzi vasati vavapo dzinova dzinokosha kubvumikisa kana kupunzwa kwacho kwakanga kuri chaizvoizvo panguva yokunzvera. Pasina marekodhi iwayo, unosiiwa uchirwisana netsutsumo inorwisana nemashoko akanyorwa ehurumende.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvezvinyorwa Zvinoshandiswa Nevanhu Vose

  • Manyuko anokosha: Chinyorwa chinofanira kubva kumutarisiri wapamutemo, zvakadai somusoro wedhipatimendi kana kuti mukuru mukuru werekodhi.
  • Zvinooneka: [ makopi akasimbiswa, magwaro ane siginicha kana kuti chisimbiso anotakura uremu hwakakwirira kupfuura mafotokopi asina kurongwa.
  • Nguva yakarongwa: Nhetembo yakagadzirwa pedyo nezvinoitika mugakava inopfuura iyo yakasikwa gare gare kana kuti yakavakwazve.
  • Revisence: Chinyorwa chinofanira kutaura zvakananga nhau yakakwikwidzwa(* kana chiri chikanganiso chaichoicho, kutadza kutevedzana, kana kuti chiito chesangano chisingawirirani.

Mitiyo Yezvinyorwa Zvevanhu Zvinosimbisa Mhaka Yokutarisira

Zvinhu zvose zvakanyorwa nevanhu zvakakura, asi mamwe mapoka anowanzodzokazve mukutonga.Pazasi pane kuputsika kune udzame kwemarudzi anotapura zvikurusa, pamwe chete nemienzaniso yenzira iyo mumwe nomumwe unogona kushandiswa nayo.

Kunyoresa uye Kunyoresa

Kana kunzwa kwako kunobatanidza rezinesi renyanzvi (mushonga, repamutemo, renzvimbo, zvichingodaro), hofisi inotengesa zvinhu yesangano racho inotengesa zvinhu zvemari yepamusoro.

Mishumo Yokuongorora Nokutyora Mutemo

Masangano emhoteredzo, madhipatimendi ezvoutano, vadzimi vomwoto, uye vaongorori vezvokuvaka vanogadzira mishumo ine udzame pashure penzvero imwe neimwe. Iyi mishumo inowanzobatanidza mifananidzo, matanda ezvishandiso, uye munzveri wezvinhu. Kukumbira faira yose, kwete kupetwa kwechipfupiso. Tsvaka nokuda kwesiginarino dzinoshayikwa, mipimo inopesana, kana kuti ufakazi hwokuti munzveri akakundikana kutevera miitiro inoshanda. Somuenzaniso, kana kuti kupunza ruzha kunodudza chiziviso chamadenderedzwa mafiti makumi mana mana nemana kubva pamutsetse wenzvimbo, asi bhuku resangano rimene rinoda kuyera pamuganhu wenzvimbo, une hwaro hwokukwidza kutsigira ufakazi.

3. Tsamba Dzinotumirwa Minyengetero uye Kukurukurirana

Maemail, tsamba, uye magemge efoni pakati pako nesangano, kana kuti pakati pevashandi vesangano, zvinogona kuzivisa rusaruro, kusanzwisisana, kana kuti nzira dzinoshandiswa. Masangano akawanda anochengeta gadziriro yepakati yetsamba dzokutevedza. Kukumbira kurukurirano dzose dzine chokuita nenhau yako, kubatanidza maemail omukati angakurukura faundi yako pamberi pechiito chepamutemo. Email imwe inobva kumutezo wevashandi ichiti “tinoda kuwana chikonzero chokuramba ichi chibvumikiso." chiratidzo chine simba chinoratidzira nguva isati yaitwa.

4. Kusangana Nemaminitsi uye Kuchinja Kwemashoko Anonzwa

Kana nhau yako ichibatanidza dare kana kuti kosita (kugara, kubvisa para, insesvet), kuwana maminiti kana kuti marekodhi emisangano yose ine chokuita. Manyoro aya anogona kuratidza kana mutumbi unoita zvisarudzo uchitevera nhevedzano yakafanira nemiitiro yokuvhota, kana tsinhiro yavose yakanga yakaganhurirwa zvisina kufanira, kana kuti kana mutezo wedare rakaita tsinhiro dzinozvidza. Kukundikana kwemutumbi unodzora kuwirirana nemitemo yawo umene yemusangano kunogona kubvisa chisarudzo chakaipa.

5. Zvinyorwa Zvemari Nezvemari

Mapepa ehurumende okuongorora mari, mashoko emari, uye emari angaratidzika kuva asina basa kureze kana kuti kukwirira kwakaisvonaka, asi anogona kuratidza mitoo yakafara. Somuenzaniso, kana sangano rakatarisana nemari yakarongwa uye rakawedzerwa kuwedzera mari inotambirwa, zvakawanikwa zvingaratidza zviito zvakakura mukusimbisa mukati mechikamu chimwe chezvina. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvoga zvingasakuwanisa, zvinotsigira nharo dzokuti chiito chakaipa chacho chakakonzerwa nokudzvinyirirwa kwemari panzvimbo pezvine chokuita nemitemo.

6. Zvinyorwa zveDare uye Kutonga Kusati Kwaitwa

Chikamu chakawiriraniswa nenyaya yako (kunyange kana chisati chiri chakananga pamusoro penhau yako) chinogona kucherwa nokuda kwoufakazi hunobetsera. Kutonga kwedare kwapamberi kunorondedzera murairo mumwe chetewo, zviwanwa zveidi mumhaka dzakafanana, kana kuti kunyange chipupuriro chakapika chakabva kuvashandi vamasangano muzvinoitika zvakasiyana - siyana zvinogona kuziviswa sechinhu chine chiremera kana kuti sechinonyorwa. Zivai mitemo yenhau mukutonga, asi matare akawanda anobvumira chikamu chikuru chevaradhendi kuti chive pachena kupfuura matare.

Nzira Yokuwana Nayo Mashoko Akanyorwa Pachena: Matanho Anoshanda

Kuwana marekodhi avose hakusi kwakananga nguva dzose, asi kupfuurira kunobhadhara.Hedzi nzira dzinoshanda.

Shandisa FIIA neHurumende Inorwisana

Pamwero wehurumende, FOIA inogovera maruramiro emitemo okukumbira marekodhi kubva kumasangano ebazu makuru. Hurumende imwe neimwe inewo mutemo wayo imene wavose wakanyorwa.(8) kazhinji kazhinji inonzi “Mutemo wakazarurwa” kana kuti“ Open Records Act. "Uzviite nomutemo wakananga unodzora sangano rauri kubata naro. Udzamendi hunokosha kucherekedza: nguva (kazhinji kazhinji 20 mazuva ebhizimisi nokuda kwezvikumbiro zvehurumende, nokukurumidza nokuda kwehurumende), mitero inobvumirwa (mitengo inogona kubhadhara mari inodzorwa asi kwete nokuda kwokuhwirudzura marekodhi), uye kusava norusununguko ruwadzano (g., kuva wogaro, mutemo, pamutemo, zvisaririra zvebhizimisi, zvakavanzika).

Gara uchinyora chikumbiro chako, nyora mutemo unoshanda, uye rondedzera marekodhi aunotsvaka nenzwisiso. Dzivisa zvikumbiro zvakanyanyisa; zvikumbiro zviduku, zvakanangwa zvinobereka migumisiro inokurumidza kukurumidza uye zvakaoma kuti masangano arambe. Kana sangano rikaramba, tsamba yokuramba pachayo inogona kuva ufakazi hwokudzivisa.

Tsvaka Maburi Anowanikwa PaIndaneti

Masangano akawanda zvino anochengeta manyuko anonzvera paIndaneti nokuda kwerezenisi, mishumo, uye zviito zvokutarisira. Somuenzaniso, EPA’S FOIA inobvumira vanoshandisa kunzvera mapepa emhoteredzo, nepo system yePACTER [ inogovera magwaro edare rehurumende. Hurumende inosiyana; nzvera website yehurumende yako yakazaruka nokuda kwemanyuko esangano repotorice.

Makopi Akabvumikiswa

Mapepa aunoda kunyora kana kuti kunyora mashoko anobvumidzwa ane chisimbiso chepamutemo uye mashoko kubva kumuchengeti anopupurira kururama kwayo. Vatongi vemitemo yehurumende vakawanda vanopa ukoshi hukuru kuzvinyorwa zvakabvumidzwa. Kana sangano racho rikaramba kuzivisa pasina mubhadharo, ungada kubhadhara mari shoma.

Shandisa Masubpoena Kana Zvakakodzera

Kana sangano rikakundikana kubudisa zvinyorwa zvakakumbirwa, kana kuti kana uchida marekodhi kubva kusangano ravanhu chairo rinoita zvibvumirano zvehurumende, rangarira kubudisa subpoena kana kuti subpoena duces teces. matare ehurumende anowanzova nesimba repepuena. Zvisinei, iyi nhano inoda urongwa hwokungwarira(wnpoenas) inogona kunyandura chishoro nechinono. Bvunza negweta usati wapfuurira.

Zvirongwa Zvokunyora Mashoko Avoruzhinji Pavanonzwa

Kuva nezvinyorwa inongova hafu bedzi yehondo; kuzvipa nenzira yokunyengetedza ndiimwe hafu.

Ita Nguva Kana Kuti Kuongorora Nguva

Ronga mapepa ako kuva maverengero anotevera. Shandisa stade kana kuti giramu yenguva yokuona kuti umepu chiito chimwe nechimwe chesangano rinorwisana nechinyorwa chavose chinowirirana. Somuenzaniso, kana munzveri akadudza kuputswa kwenhau paJune 1, asi danda resangano racho rinoratidza kuti munzveri haana kushanyira nzvimbo yacho kutozosvikira June 3, ikoko kuri kuchinjika kunouraya. Kupa nguva kumutongi wehurumende sechiratidziro, nenongedzero nokuda kwekupinda kumwe nokumwe.

Tsanangura Zvinotaurwa Nevamwe Pakati Pemazita

Enzanisa zvinyorwa zvakasiana - siana zvinofanira kuwirirana. Somuenzaniso, revo inoyera mushumo wenzvero nerongedzo yezuva nezuva yomunzveri. Kana mushumo ukataura nzvero yamaawa maviri asi danda rinoratidza maminiti 20 bedzi, bvunza kusano. Nenzira yakafanana, enzanisa nyorerana nesangano nezvinonyorwa zvaro zviri mukati maro. Mutoo wakakurumbira: Isa chikumbiro chemaemail ose ane mashoko akati (zita rako, nhamba, kana kuti mirariro iri pachinyorwa). Ipapo tarirai kupesana pakati peizvo sangano rakakuudza navashandi vakanyora mukati.

Shandisa Zvinyorwa Kuchadzivisa Chapupu Chimwe Nechimwe Kukodzera

Ngatitii muongorori wacho akapika kuti “nguva dzose” anotevera munzvero yesangano racho. Kana wakambowana mishumo yepanguva yawakanga usina kupedza kuongorora, kana kuti zvinyorwa zvokurovedza zvinoratidza kuti munzveri haana kupedza magwaro anodiwa okuongorora, unogona kubudisa zvinyorwa izvozvo kuti arege kupa uchapupu.

Gadzirira Muenzaniso Wetsika

Chinoitika chimwe chingava chisiri chinhu, asi zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvinoratidza mufambiro usingachinjiki unoita mutoo. Somuenzaniso, kana uri kufadza zvakaisvonaka nokuda kwokushanda pasina mvumo, wana zviitiko gumi zvakafanana kubva mushopu yesangano rokutarisira. Kana sangano racho rakabvumira vashandisi ivavo nhambo yenyasha kana kuti zvirango zvinodzikisirwa, asi rakakunyima kurapa kumwe cheteko, unogona kuita nharo dzokuita kuti mitemo iteeredzere. Masangano eDzinesi anofanira kushandisa mitemo yawo zvakafanana; kubvisa kurapa ihwaro hunozivikanwa nokuda kweyamura.

Kutanga Kuziva Zvinyorwa Sezvinocherechedzwa Nevakuru - vakuru

Mumiitiro yokutonga, marudzi akati ezvinyorwa zvavose zvinobudiswa (semirayiro inobudiswa, mapepa esangano ehurumende, uye ziviso zvokuita mitemo(* zvinogona kucherekedzwa. Ikoko kunoreva kuti haufaniri ku “zvisimbisa” nenzira yakarongwa; ungokumbira bedzi mutongi kucherekedza kuvapo kwechinyorwa. Ikoku kunobetsera zvikuru kuratidza kuti sangano rakaputsa miitiro yaro imene yakabudiswa. Chipa mutongi nekopi yakachena yemitemo kana kuti bhuku remitemo uye kusimbisa gadziriro chaiyo yesangano rinofuratirwa.

Kutarisirwa Kwapamutemo Uye Kunoshanda

Kufuratira izvozvi kunogona kusekesa nhau yako kana kuti kunyange kukuratidzira kuva nengozi.

Kuva Woga uye Kuchinja

Mazita akawanda avose ane mashoko anokosha anofanira kunyorwazve pamberi pokuziviswa: Nhamba dzeNzanga, marekodhi ezvokurapa, mashoko epwere, zvakavanzika zvokutengesa, kana kuti kuchengetwa kwomutemo zvinonzvera. Kana ukagamuchira gwaro risina kunyorwa rinobatanidza mashoko akadaro, usaashandisa pasina nhungamiro. Ungada kunyora purogiramu yokudzivirira mashoko akavanzika. Nenzira yezvepanguva ino, kana sangano rikavanza mashoko anofanira kuva pachena mudare.

Uchenjeri Hwokuchengetwa Kwavabereki Vavo uye Kutsigira

Kuda kuva akavimbika, chinyorwa chavose chinofanira kubvumwa. Mutoo wakanakisisa ndikendi inobva kumarekodhi. Kana usingagoni kuwana mapepa echapupu, ungada kudana muchengeti wacho sechapupu kana kuti kushandisa kubvuma kwesangano racho kuti gwaro nderechokwadi. Chengeta nyorerana nezvikumbiro zvako; kana sangano richikutumira gwaro richishandisa email, kuti email ine tambo inonamatira ingabatira sechiratidzo chenheyo, zvikurukuru kana gadziriro yeIT syndrom ichiita zvokuzvidira uye matura etsamba anobudisa mashoko.

Kusunungurwa Nokunonoka

Kombiyuta dzinganonotsa mhinduro, kutaura kuti mafaro acho haadikanwi kana kuti chikumbiro chikuru chinoparira mutoro usina kufanira. Usagamuchira kuramba kusina kujeka. Kana kusunungurwa kuchidudzwa, nzvera kana kuchishanda zvirokwazvo. Somuenzaniso, “muitiro wezvokubatira” ropafadzo inodzivirira kurukurirano dzesangano pamusoro pomutemo, asi kwete mashoko echokwadi. Unogona kukumbira kumanikidza kuzivisa, kunyange zvazvo ikoko kuchitora nguva. Kudzivisa kupotsa musi wako wokunzwa, tanga zvikumbiro zvako sokunobvira semwedzi inotevei.

Kushanda Nezano Rapamutemo

Nepo vanhu vamwe navamwe vachigona kuzvimirira vamene mukutonga, mijenya yomutemo wezvinyorwa zvavose ($zvikurukuru kuvandika, kusimbisa, uye kunzwika kwemashoko) zvakanakisisa kupfurikidza negweta. Kana zano rokuroja risingabviri, rangarira kuenda kukiriniki yeyamuro yepamutemo kana kuti kiriniki yechikoro yemitemo inonzvera mutemo wokutarisira. Vazhinji vanopa betsero yapachena kana kuti yakaderera nokuda kwezvikumbiro zveFOIA.

Misungo Inowanzosashandiswa

Kunyange vatsigiri vane ruzivo vanogona kushandisa zvisina kufanira zvinyorwa zvehurumende.

  • Kuvimba nemakopi asina kunyorwa: A avhwesero pawebsite ingabviswa kana mutongi akasava nechokwadi nokuperera kwake. Nguva dzose edza kuwana shanduro dzinorumbidzwa dzezvinyorwa zvokutsoropodza.
  • Nhamba yokuchengeta zvakanaka mitaira: Mazita emitemo anowanzova nemetadata (musi wechisiko, munyori, gadziridza nhau). Kana ukadhinda PDF pasina kuchengeta iyi metametameter, ungarasikirwa noufakazi hweri chinyorwa chacho chakagadziridzwa. Chengeta mahwendefa acho muchimiro chawo chakaberekerwa apo kunenge kuchibvira.
  • Kunyora zvinyorwa zvisina basa: Kufukidzira mutongi mupepa romukati kunopfavisa ufakazi hwako hwakasimba zvikurusa. Iva anosarudza. Chingosuma bedzi zvinyorwa zvinotsigira zvakananga rutivi rwenhau yako(* chikanganiso chapanguva imwe cheteyo, urema hwetsika, rusaruro, kana kuti kubatwa kusina kuenzana.
  • Zvinyorwa zvinozivisa nhau yose: zvinyorwa zvavose zvinogona kuva zvisina kukwana. Sangano ringave rakabvisa maemail mukati mekuchenesa kwenguva dzose, kana kuti mushumo ungave wakachinjwa usati waugamuchira. Nguva dzose unotsigira ufakazi hwechinyorwa nezvimwe zvisakiso, zvakadai seufakazi kana kuti ufakazi chaihwo.
  • Mitemo yehurumende yakajeka: Dzimwe nyika dzinoda kuti uzivise muteshi wedonzo rako rokushandisa zvinyorwa zvakati zvavose chiverengero chakati chamazuva pamberi pokutongwa. Ongorora mirau yemitemo yedare(*) kugovera chiziviso chinogona kuguma.

Mugumisiro: Kuziva Zvinyorwa Zvevanhu Vose Sechirongwa Chinokosha

Kunzwa kwehurumende hakufaniri kunzwa sechiito chimwe chete chinoyamurwa musimba rehurumende. Zvinyorwa zvavose zvinopa mutoo wedemokrasi kuti uite kuti masangano azvidavirire, afukunura zvikanganiso, uye kuenzanisa nzvimbo yokutamba nayo. Kupfurikidza nokuziva nenzira ine nhevedzano marudzi ezvinyorwa zvinowirirana nenhau yako, kuzvikumbira nokushingaira mumitemo yehurumende yakazaruka, uye kuzvipa noururami mukati mokutonga, unogona kuchinja chikumbiro chenhau chakajeka kuva chibvumikiso chemashoko chinoda muuyo wakarurama.

Gadzirira. Kurumidza, tanga, chengeta zvinyorwa zvokungwarira zvezvikumbiro zvako umene, uye usatongorerutsa ukoshi hweemail imwe kana kuti chinyorwa chenzvero. Chisarudzo chomutemo wehurumende chichashandura maidi(/uye maidi akavimbika zvikurusa anowanzobva mumafaira ehurumende imene. Negadziriro dzakarongwa pano, unoshongedzerwa kuchinja mafaira iwayo kuva vatsigiri vane simba mukuronda kwako ruramisiro.

Nokuda kweimwe nhungamiro paFOIA, shanyira website yeFOIA. Zviwanikwa zvehurumende zvinogona kuwanikwa mu Rusununguko rwerudzi rweTswana reNdengedzero yeMazita.