Hwaro Hwokudzidza Kuva Mugari Wemo: Kunzwisisa Kudzorerwa

Munhambo umo mashoko anoyerera nokukurumidza zvikuru, mano okuparadzanisa mashoko akavimbika namashoko asina kururama haasati achingova bedzi unyanzvi hunobetsera hwekutora rutivi kwedemokrasi. Zuva riri rose, vagari vemo vanonatswa nemisoro yenhau, manyuko enhau, nhau, uye zvidimbu zvemirangariro. Pasina mutoo wakarongwa wokunzvera nawo manyuko, kunyange vanhu vanosanopengedzerwa vanogona kuva nyajambwa kunhau dzenhema kana kuti kushuma kwakaipa. Iyi nhungamiro yakura inogovera gadziriro yakakura, yezviito zvinoumbwa nokuda kwokuziva mashoko akavimbika, kudhirowa pakunzvera kurava nokunyora nokunyora mashoko uye unyanzvi hunoshanda.

Manyuko akavimbika anoumba musimboti wekurukurirano yavose yavanhu vane ruzivo. Vanogonesa vavhoti kunzvera zvikarakadzo zvemiitiro, vanobvumira vatori venhau kuva vanozvidavirira kusimba, uye vanobetsera nzanga kuita zvisarudzo pamusoro poutano, dzidzo, uye udzori hwehurumende panzvimbo dzose. Apo vagari vemo vanoshandisa nguva dzose manyuko akavimbika, hurumende inova inokurira zvikuru pakusadzorwa. Nenzira yakapesana, kuvimba namanyuko asina kuvimbika kunogona kubvisa chivimbo mumasangano uye hurukuro yavose. Kunzwisisa nzira yokuyera nayo manyuko nokudaro mutoro wehurumende pamwe chete nedziviriro yomunhu oga mukurwisana namashoko asina kururama.

Chii Chinoita Kuti Munhu Avimbe Nezvaari?

Manyuko akavimbika zvikurusa anogoverana mavara anozivikanwa navose ayo anogona kurangarirwa nguva dzose.

  • Akanyorwa nokuzvidavirira kuri pachena: Manyuko anozivisa zvakajeka akagadzira zviri mukati neizvo zvikwaniriso zvavo zviri. Tsvaka masangano enyanzvi, madhigirii edzidzo, kana kuti unyanzvi hwokubatanidza. Manyuko asina revo kana kuti enhema anofanira kubatwa nokungwarira kutoti kusati kusati kwapamutemo kururamiswa neitiro hanya dzekotsekano dzapamutemo (g., vanoridzira magetsi).
  • Utariri hweCredial nemiitiro youchokwadi: Masangano anokudzwa anoshandisa vapepeti, vacherekedzi veidi, uye vatungamiriri vamagadziri. Anoruramisa pachena ndokuchengeta miitiro yokururamisa. Manyuko asingatongochinji kana kuti kururamisa zvikanganiso zviratidzo zvokuvimbika kwakaderera.
  • Kushandiswa kwamanyuko makuru noufakazi hunobvumikiswa: manyuko akavimbika anodudza mashoko apakuvamba, magwaro epamutemo, fundo dzakarangarirwazve dzavaenzani, kana kuti nhauro dzakazvimirira. Ngwarira zvinotaura kuti zvinotsamira bedzi papfupiso dzakareruka kana kuti zvisati zvadudzwa.
  • Kuratidzwa kwakarongwa kwemirangariro inokwikwidzana: Nepo dzisati dziri nyaya iri yose ichida kupa mativi ose ari maviri enhau (zvikurukuru apo rutivi rumwe runenge rusingatsigirwi nezvokwadi), manyuko akavimbika acharatidzira nenzira inosakafanira bvumirano yenyanzvi uye kubvuma kusatendiswa kwapamutemo.
  • Kujeka uye nguva: nguva dzemashoko dzinokurumidza kutora nzvimbo nokukurumidza dzakadai semishonga, ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, uye zvematongerwe enyika. Nzvera misi yokubudiswa uye tsvaka zvinyorwa zvakagadziridzwa kana kuti zvakadzokororwa. Manyuko ane makore mashanu okukura angangova akavimbika nokuda kwenhau dzakapoteredza asi kwete nokuda kwezvinoitika zvazvino.

Mavara aya haagari aripo pachinhu chimwe chete chiri mukombiyuta.

Kuziva Makudzi Akasiyana - siyana Anobva

Kunzwisisa kuti zvinyorwa zvevanobva mashoko anokosha zvakadini kunoita kuti uzive kuti zvinofanira kunge zvakakura sei.

Manyuko Makuru

Mienzaniso inobatanidza mashoko ehurumende, kutonga kwedare, nyaya dzesayenzi, zvinyorwa zvenhau, uye bvunzurudzo dzakaregwa. Manyuko anokosha ndiwo anowanzova akavimbika zvikurusa nokuda kwezvinotaurwa zvechokwadi, asi anoda kusanoraviwa kwe(majeri) mashoko emiti anogona kunzwisiswa zvisina kururama kana usina unyanzvi.

Misivi yeChimbiru

Iwaya anonzvera, kupfupikisa, kana kuti kunzvera manyuko makuru. Zviteshi zvenhau zvinorumbidzwa, mabhuku okufunda, uye nhau dzinohwirudzura zvinowira pano. Tsvakaro yetsime rechipiri inotsamira zvikuru parurami rwedudziro yayo. Kunzvera manyuko echipiri mumanyuko makuru kazhinji kazhinji kuchenjera nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvakakwirira.

Manyuko Emari

Iwaya anounganidza mashoko anobva mumanyuko makuru namatsva pasina nzvero yapakuvamba (somuenzaniso, enisaikoropidhia, almanac, uye mamwe maIndaneti. Nepo achigona kuva anobetsera kuwana nzvero, haafaniri kushandiswa kutsigira nharo dzinotsoropodza pasina kuva dzechokwadi. Somuenzaniso, Wikipedia ipfundo rokutanga rinobetsera asi rinofanira kusimbiswa nguva dzose kupfurikidza nenongedzero dzakabatanidzwa.

Munzanga yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, vagari vemo vanowanzotsamira pamuvhenganiswa weaya manyuko. Nharidzano ndeyokuti manyuko akaenzana norudzi rwenhau yacho. Nokuda kwechisarudzo chezvokurapa, fundo inorangarirwa navezera (pokutanga) yakavimbika zvikuru kupfuura pfupiso yepepanhau (second). Kumuvhoti wemunzvimbomo, manyuko makuru akafanana nechinyorwa chevhoti yehurumende chomuvhoti yapamutemo yapamutemo yakavimbika zvikuru kupfuura murangariro wechipoti.

Mashoko Ecosystem: Nzira Iyo Bias Nezvinonyungudutsa Zvinoumba Nayo Manyuko

Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kunokosha kuti tisiyanise zvinhu zvakavimbika.

  • Manyuko anotsamira pamitengo yokushambadzira angaisa misoro yenhau inokwezva kuti ikwezve. Masangano anobudisa nhau asingapinduri kazhinji kazhinji ane kurudziro dzakasiana, anonangidzira ngwariro pabasa ravose panzvimbo pemhindu. Nzvera “Pane peji” nokuda kwokuwadzanyura kwemari.
  • Kurongeka kwepfungwa: Mipimo yakawanda ine mirangariro yezvamatongerwe enyika yakakomba. Ikoku hakuitadzisi kuzviita, asi kunoda kuti uzive kunyorwa kunobvira. Manyuko okuruboshwe angasimbisa maidi akasiyana- siyana kupfuura anonangana neakarurama.
  • Zviri mukati zvakaiswa neziviso yomunzvimbomo:[[FLT: 1] Zvinhu zvinotevedzerwa nenyaya dzokupepeta nhau zvinogona kuva zvinotsausa. Manyuko anotapurwa anoisa pachena zviri mukati, asi mamwe angadzikatidza mutsetse. Iva anopanikirika mutauro wokusimudzira zvikuru.
  • Manyuko enhau enyepedzo negadziriro dzenhau: Mamwe manyuko akarongedzerwa namaune kunyengera, kuoneka kwakasununguka apo unenge uchibatira purogiramu yezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti yezvokutengeserana. Nzvera kunyoresa kwenzvimbo, tsvaka zviratidzo zvinozivikanwa zvemashoko, uye shandisa manyuko anotsvaka maidi.

Mashoko anobva mukarangi anogona kuva echokwadi asi anoratidzawo pfungwa dzematangi anenge achitaura kuti ane zvikanganiso zvacho uye anogona kuita kuti uzive zvauri kufungidzira.

Mabhuku Anoshanda Okuongorora: SIFT uye Kuverenga Kwomushure

Vanotsvakurudza nezvenyaya dzokuverenga nokunyora vakagadzira nzira dzinobatsira dzinogona kushandiswa nomunhu wose, mbiri dzacho ndedzokuverenga kwechidhindo uye kuverenga kunozotevera.

Nzira Yokushandisa

Yakakudziridzwa naMike Caulfield paWashington State University, SIFT inomirira:

  • [[FOLT:0] mira:[ Usati wabatanidzwa nezvauri, mira ndokurangarira zvaunoziva pamusoro pamanyuko. Usagoverana kana kuti kuita chimwe chinhu pamusoro pamashoko kusvikira waasimbisa.
  • Kutsvaka mashoko pamusoro pomunyori, muparidzi, uye mukurumbira wavo. Kutsvaka kwokukurumidza kwakafanana ne “Chinjo yemamiriro okunze enhau” kunogona kuzivisa rwisano dzefariro kana kuti unyanzvi.
  • Wana kubhadharwa kuri nani: Panzvimbo pokunzvera kutaura kwegakava muudzame, tsvaka ungwaru hunovimbwa hunobva kunzvimbo yakavimbika inobudisa nhau kana kuti nzvimbo yeidi. Kazhinji kazhinji nzira yakanakisisa yokubvumikisa kutaura kwacho kuwana manyuko akaenzana zvikuru anopfupikisa ufakazi.
  • zvinotaura, kunokora mashoko, uye zvinobudisa mashoko kumashoko apakuvamba: Kana posvey ine mashoko akanokorwa kana kuti nhamba, icherekedzei kudzokera kumanyuko ayo apakuvamba. Misformation inowanzomuka kubva mumadiminu akanyorwa nenzira yakasiana. Shandisai kunzvera mapikicha namavhidhiyo.

Kurava Kwapashure

Kurava kwomunguva yemberi muitiro wokusiya peji yapakuvamba kunzvera kuvimbika kwayo kupfurikidza nokuvhura matebhisi matsva namanyuko akazvimirira. Panzvimbo pokuyera manyuko kupfurikidza nokurava “Awake” peji (iyo inopa manyuko anodzora), unotsvaka izvo vamwe vanotaura pamusoro payo. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa navachenjeri veidi veidi uye inoshanda zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, kana ukasangana nenyaya inoda mushonga wenenji, kuzarura tabhu itsva ndokutsvaka“ kurapa kwenenji kwakarashwa” kana kuti “kutendeseka.

Nzira dzose dziri mbiri dzinoda nguva shoma uye dzinogona kushandiswa kunzvimbo dzinobudisa nhau, nhau, uye kunyange mapepa edzidzo.

Mazano Anozivikanwa Navose Okuongorora Anoshandiswa Pakuongorora

Kunyange uchishandisa zvinhu zvakanaka, pfungwa dzevanhu dzinogona kutitsausa.

  • Tsika dzinosimbisa: Chimiro chendangariro chokugamuchira mashoko anobvumikisa zvitendero zviripo. Tsvakai nokushingaira manyuko anodenha mirangariro yenyu ndokunzvera ufakazi hwayo nenzira yokutendeseka.
  • [[FT: 0] Kudavirika: Tinorangarira mashoko seakavimbika zvikuru kana akauya kundangariro nyore nyore (somuenzaniso, nemhaka yokuti akagoveranwa. Yeuka kuti mukurumbira hausati uchienzana nezvokwadi.
  • [[FT:0] Muuyo wekushandisa: Vanhu vane zivo yakaganhurirwa yemusoro unganyanyova anonyanyogona kuyera manyuko pamusoro iwoyo. Vimba nenyanzvi dzinobvumirana apo unenge usina unyanzvi hukuru.
  • Tsvakanwa yenhema: Kufunga kuti munhu ari wose anobvumirana namanyuko akavimbika aunowana kuti anogona kutungamirira kukunyanyova nechivimbo. Nzvera kunzvera kwokuzvimirira usati wabvuma kutaura.

Kuziva nezvemafungiro aya hakuabviri, asi kunoita kuti ukwanise kumira uye kushandisa nzira dzechokwadi usati wabvuma mashoko uchitarisa.

Maturusi Nezviwanikwa Zvokuti Vaongedzere

Kugadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana kunogona kuita kuti unyatsoona kuti zvinhu izvi zviri kufamba sei kunoita kuti ukurumidze kuzviita uye unyatsozvivimba.

Kubatanidza maturusi aya nemashandisiro eSIFT kunokupa matura akasimba kuti usanzwa mashoko asina kururama.

Kunyanya Kukoshesa Mapurogiramu Ezvinhu Zvenzanga Nezvemagetsi

Mabudiro enhau azova manyuko makuru enhau nokuda kwavanhu vakawanda, asi anoitawo kuti zvinhu zvisingavimbiki zvive nyore.

  • Cheka chikwangwani chapakuvamba: Mme kana kuti mapikicha anogoveranwa neshamwari angave akabva munhoroondo isingazivikanwi kana kuti isina kuvimbika. Trace adzokera kuchiratidzo chapakuvamba asati atenda kana kuti kugovana.
  • Chenjerera manyuko akadzika neII-generated irimo: Nhamba mberi muindaneti inoita kuti zvibvire kuita mifananidzo yokunyepedzera yokunyepedzera, yenzwi, uye vhidhiyo. Tsvaka kuona aomalies, nzvera kutsigira mishumo inobva kumanyuko akavimbika, uye shandisa maturusi akafanana ne Ad Fonts Media Media[ kana kuti purogiramu yekombiyuta yefinic.
  • Rava kupfuura musoro mukuru: Mapepanhau akawanda enzanga anogoverana misoro mikuru bedzi, iyo inogona kuva inotsausa kana kuti isina kukwana. Nguva dzose vhura kusvikira kunyaya yakazara uye simbisa kutaura kwacho mudzimwe nzvimbo.
  • Pasi pekunyorwa kwemazamu emitemo:[[FT:1] Platforms dzakaita seFacebook naTwitter dzinoshandisa maatom ayo anoratidza kuti wakagutsikana nezvawakaita kare. Ikoku kunogona kugadzira mahotera enzwi. Kutevera nokushingaira manyuko akasiana - siana, ane mukurumbira wakaisvonaka kukudza zvokudya zvako zvamashoko.

Zvinobudisa nhau zvesocial network hazvisati zviri zvomuzvarirwo zvisingavimbiki, asi zvinoda mwero wakakwirira wokunzvera.

Basa Rekuwana Mashoko Mukushuma Kwakavimbika

Kuziva mitemo iyi kunobatsira kuziva zvinobuda munhau zvakavimbika.

  • Mitemo yokururamisa: Masangano enhau akavimbika anobudisa ruramiso dzakatanhamara uye nyaya dzokuvandudza kuti aratidzire mashoko akasimbiswa. Tsvaka nokuda kwezvinonyorwa zvokururamisa pasi penyaya.
  • Trap pamusoro pamanyuko: Vatori venhau vanofanira kuzivisa kwavakawana mashoko avo kutoti vakadzivirira manyuko akavanzika. Kushatisa kusingazikanwi kunofanira kuva kushoma uye kunoruramiswa.
  • Kutsaura mashoko nemurangariro: Zvibvumikiso zvinopa rondedzero yakajeka yemifungo, mipepeti, uye rondedzero yakasiana nokushuma kwakarurama kwamashoko. Kana nzvimbo ichiita kuti mitsetse iyi ive yakavanzika, kusvika nokungwarira.
  • Kutsamira papesvedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti yemasangano ebhizimisi: Masangano mazhinji enhau ane bumbiro retsika dzinodzivisa vatori venhau kutora rutivi. Nzvera zvivako zvemunhu nesangano rezvokuva nhivi dzehurumende (8: 1)

Kunyange zvazvo pasina nzira yokubudisa nayo zvinhu yakakwana, vaya vanoomerera patsika idzi vanogona kubudisa mashoko akavimbika.

Kuvaka Unyanzvi Hwokudzidza Hwokuverenga Nokunyora

Kusiyanisa zvinhu zvakavimbika hakusi unyanzvi hwenguva imwe chete asi muitiro unopfuurira. Kusimbisa mano ako nokufamba kwenguva:

  • chizvidzora kumanyuko akawanda enhau akavimbika ayo anomirira mirangariro yakasiana. Ikoku kunokupa faundesheni nokuda kwokuenzanisa.
  • [ Tora kosi dzokudzidza kuverenga nokunyora dzezvinobudisa nhau dzinopiwa nemasangano akadai seScreding Screding Project kana kuti Center for Media and Information Literacy.
  • ratidza uchokwadi hwemuitiro [ usati wagoverana mashoko. Misa kwemasekondi 30 kuti uongorore manyuko, musi, uye ufakazi.
  • [ Dzidzisa vamwe [ [1] unyanzvi hwokutsanangura hunosimbisa kunzwisisa kwako umene uye hunobetsera kuvaka nzanga ine ruzivo zvikuru.
  • Gara uchida kuziva uye zvininipisa pamusoro pezvausingazivi. Vanhu vakavimbika zvikurusa ndivo avo vanoda kuvandudza zvitendero zvavo zvakavakirwa paufakazi hutsva.

Nokushandisa zvinhu uye maturusi anotaurwa pano, haungodziviriri mashoko asiri echokwadi chete asiwo unoita kuti pave nehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu yakasimba uye isingachinji.

Mugumisiro: Vagari vomunharaunda vanozivikanwa Vanosimbisa Utongi Hwehurumende Hunodzora

Mano okutsauranisa manyuko akavimbika haasati achingovawo hawo chinhu chomunhu oga chaikoiko. Kana vagari vemo vakashandisa mashoko akavimbika nguva dzose. Kana vakashandisa nguva dzose, gakava ravose rinova rakavakirwa paufakazi hwakawanda, zvisarudzo zvemiitiro zvinogona kuzivikanwa zviri nani, uye kuvimba namasangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Iyi nhungamiro yakagovera chishandiso chine udzame: mavara amanyuko anonzwisisa, kuziva nhevedzano dzamanyuko, kushandisa mitoo yokurava yeSIFT uye yokupedzisira, kuziva nezverusaruro rwokufunga, kushandisa maturusi emichina, uye kuyera tsika dzenhau. Nguva inotevera paunosangana nenhau, nzvimbo inotepfenyura yenzanga, kana kuti kutaura kwokunzvera, mira ndokushandisa idzi nzira. Nenzira inoita zvokuzviitikira, zvinokupa simba rokuva mutengi anonzwisisa uye mutevedzeri ane mutoro mudemo wedemocracy.