Mavambo Okutanga Mumutemo Webumbiro Remitemo Mumhuri

Chitendero chekare chakabuda semhinduro kune zvaionekwa nevatsigiri vacho sechisarudzo chokutonga chisingadzorwi mukududzira kwebumbiro remitemo. Pamavambo acho, dzidziso yekare inoreva kuti rugwaro rwepamutemo (hwungava bumbiro remitemo, mutemo, kana kuti chibvumirano) runofanira kuturikirwa maererano nerevo yarwo panguva yokugamuchirwa kwayo. Uhu uzivi hunotsvaka kurambidza vatongi kuisa mitemo yavo vamene uye kutsigira kurangarira kwapamutemo mudonzo, maidi enhau panzvimbo pokubatanidza mipimo yenzanga.

Mativi makuru maviri edzidziso yapakuvamba anodzora kurukurirano. [[FLT: 0] Yapakuvamba donzo rapakuvamba inotsvaka kuwanazve vavariro dzemafires , izvo ivo vamene vakanzwisisa rugwaro kuva zvinoreva. revo yapachena yehwaro yapakuvamba[, zvino tambo huru murondedzero yemitemo yeAmerica, panzvimbo pokubvunza kuti munhu ane mufungo panguva yokugadza angava akanzwisisa kuti rugwaro rwunorevei, kuvambira pamutauro wavose, kokorodzano dzapamutemo, uye hurukuro yapachena. Mutongi Antonin Scculai, zvichida mutsigiri wakakurumbira zvikurusa werevo yavanhu vose, akarangarira kuti uku kuwirirana kwehurumende kupfurikidza nokududzira kupfurikidza nokududzira kuratidzira kuoneka kwechiito chako chako.

Mumutemo wemhuri, kuvamba kwakashandiswa kazhinji kazhinji zvikurusa kuBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., nezvisarudzo zvinokosha paChipiri Amendment ( Diformation of Columbia v. Heller), Dare reAndeminth Amendment (Alden v. Maine[), uye ukuru hwesimba rechiremera.

Zvisinei, kunyange mumashoko akapoteredza omumba, kuvamba kunotarisana nedenho dzakakomba: ufakazi hwenhau hungava husina kujeka, revo yapakuvamba ingava isina kujeka nenzira isinganzwisisiki pamibvunzo yazvino uno, uye mienzaniso yapashure ingave yakagadzikisa nzira dzedzidziso dzinobva munzwisiso dzapakuvamba. izvi zvinetso zvinokura zvikuru apo kuvamba kunosimwa kubva mumhoteredzo imwe ine mwero yebumbiro remitemo rorudzi kusvikira kunzvimbo yakakwirira, inokudzwa zvakanaka, uye nzvimbo yemitauro yakawanda yomutemo nebvumirano.

Kusiyana Kwomutemo Wenyika Yose Nezvibvumirano

Mutemo wamarudzi ose unoshanda panzvimbo dzakasiana zvikuru nomutemo webumbiro remitemo wenyika. Bumbiro remitemo rorudzi rinobuda munzanga imwe inotonga yavanhu, kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nomuitiro wakarondedzerwa wokuita kuti ive yakakurumbira, uye unomanikidzirwa nedare rinotonga rapakati. Mutemo wamarudzi ose, mukupesana, unoparirwa nebvumirano yakatemwa yomutemo yapamutemo, unoshaiwa mutezo wehurumende wapakati, uye unotsamira pamashandiro emitemo okuchengeta. Tsika dzinokurukura magwaro anoratidzira kubvumirana pane zvadzikira namagamuchidzanwa apamutemo anodzikira, fariro dzapamutemo, uye mirangariro yetsika.

Haasi Changamire Asina Kuroora Kana Kuti Kupiwa Mutoro

Mutsika dzokutanga, "kusimbisa nguva" inogovera chibatiso chakajeka chenguva: rugwaro rwakakarakadzwa, kupokanidzwa, uye kugamuchirwa papfundo renhau rakati. Nokuda kwezvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose, muitiro wacho unoshatisa zvikuru. Chibvumirano chingakurukurwa kwamakore akawanda, chingavhurwa kuti chisainwe, chinoda kupanikirwa, uye chinova nechisimba pashure bedzi penhamba yenhamba yezvibvumirano. Mamwe mapoka angabatira makumi amakore pashure pemhedziso yebvumirano. Revo yokutanga" panguva yokusaina ingasiana nerevo panguva yokusvika kwenyika gare gare gare gare, uye nyika dzingava dzakava nenzwisiso yakasiana yapachokwadi yemisero yavo kubva pakutanga.

Magwaro Ane Mitauro Yakasiyana - siyana Nemitauro Yakavimbika

Zvibvumirano zvizhinjisa zvezvibvumirano zvezvizhinji zvinonyorwa mumitauro mizhinji", kazhinji kazhinji chiNgezi, chiFrench, chiRussian, chiArab, uye chiChina. Pasi peChikamu 33 cheVienna Convention on the Law of Treating (VCLT), apo kuenzanisa magwaro echokwadi kunoratidza musiyano werevo isingagoni kupedzwa kupfurikidza nemitoowo zvayo yokududzira, revo yokuti kuwiriranisa kwakanakisisa magwaro muchiedza chechinhu chesungano nedonzo zvinovapo. Muwapakuvamba anorangarira kuti shanduro imwe yomutauro kana kuti nzwisiso yeboka rimwe ringaputsa mutemo mukuru uyu.

Basa Rechinhu Nedonzo

Chikamu 31 (1) cheVCLT chinoda kuti chibvumirano chidudzirwe "mukutenda kwakanaka mutsinhirano nerevowo zvayo kuti chipiwe kumashoko echibvumirano mumashoko avo akapoteredza uye muchiedza chechinhu chacho nedonzo. Iyi rondedzero yezvesayenzi" kupfurikidza nenongedzero kunharidzano dzinonyanyoiswa nebvumirano,(jeka) nderepakati pomutemo wamarudzi ose uye kugara pasina kuwirirana nedzidziso dzapakuvamba. Nepo vatangi vokutanga vanogona uye vanorangarira donzo serinonzwisiswa murugwaro nechinyorwa chenhau, kusvika kweVCLT kuimwe rondedzero inoshamisa, inoshanda, zvikurukuru mukodzero dzavanhu, mhoteredzo, uye zvibvumirano zvesangano.

Zvinetso Zvokutanga Pakushandisa Mashoko Okutanga Kumatare Enyika Dzose

Misiyano yourongwa pakati pomutemo wemhuri nowenyika yose inoparira nhevedzano yemhinganidzo dzakananga nokuda kwokusvika kwechibvumirano chekare.

Kubatana Kwokuunganidza

Kureverera kunoda vavariro inozivikanwa, ingava yepfungwa kana kuti vavariro. Asi muzvibvumirano zvakawanda nezvikamu zvakawanda, hapana "kunzwisisa kwepakutanga" kugadzirisa. Zvinyorwa (traviux préparatoires) zvingaratidza mirangariro yenhume dzinotungamirira, asi izvi hazvisi hazvo zvinobatanidzwa nezvisaririra zvose. Zvibvumirano zviduku zvingava zvakabvumirana pasina kutora rutivi runoshingaira mukunyora, uye kunzwisisa kwazvo kungasiyana. Dare reInternational Court of Justice rakaramba richidavira kuti shaviux proceréparaires idiations, kwete manyuko makuru ezvirevo .

Zvipingamupinyi Zvemitauro Nemisiyano Yokushandura

Kunyange apo vanonyora madhingi vanobvumirana pagadziriro, shanduro mumitauro yechokwadi yakaenzana ingatanga kusawirirana kwamanomano. Somuenzaniso, shoko rechiNgezi "bhitrary" muchibvumirano chekodzero dzavanhu ringasava nerevo dzakafanana chaizvo ne "arbitraire" kana kuti "arbitrorio" yechiSpain. Mushanduri anoramba revo yapakuvamba yavanhu vose yeshanduro yechiNgezi angava achifuratira chimiro chine chiremera chakafanana chemamwe magwaro omutauro nenheyo inodudzira kuti magwaro echokwadi anofanira kutsinhiraniswa.

Chinetso Cherusununguko Rwetsika

Zvichida denho huru zvikurusa ndeyokuti uzivi hwapakuvamba, kana hukashandiswa nenzira yakaoma, hukaisa misengwa yebvumirano panguva yokusikwa kwahwo. Mutemo wamarudzi ose unoshandurwa kupfurikidza nomuitiro wakatevera, kukura kwomutemo wetsika, uye kubuda kwemipimo mitsva (jus cogens[[FLT1]]). Zvibvumirano zvekodzero dzavanhu muidzo, zvakadai seEuropean Convention on Human Rights, zvakadudzirwa se "zvishandiso zvinorarama" zvine revo inopfuudzira nguva kuratidzira migariro yenzanga. Dare reEurope rekodzero dzavanhu rakaramba zvakajeka kusvika kwapakuvamba, rinobata mu [FLTL:].[FLT2] v. [FLT3] [6] [7] [7]

Muitiro Wakatevera uye Kudzimwa

Chikamu 31(3) cheVCLT (b) chinoda kuti mukududzira chibvumirano, nhauro ichatorwa ye "muitiro upi noupi unotevedzerwa mukushandiswa kwechibvumirano icho chinogadza chibvumirano chamasangano pamusoro pedudziro yacho. Iyi gadziriro inobatanidza zvakajeka mufambiro wapashure pokududzira. Zvinowanzojekesa kana kuti kunyange kuchinja kunzwisisa kwavo misengwa yebvumirano kupfurikidza nokushandisa kwechibvumirano kwenguva yakati. Gadziriro yetsika yapakuvamba inozvidza muitiro wapashure ingagona kubatanidza mutemo uyu mukuru wokududzira chibvumirano.

Kupindira Mumutemo Wenguva Yakapfuura uye Kuchinja Kwaiitwa Nevanhu

Dzidziso yomutemo wepasi pano, yakataurwa neDare reNyika Yose reRuramisiro mu Island of Palmas arbitation (1928), inoreva kuti kutengeserana kwapamutemo kunofanira kutongwa muchiedza chomutemo panguva imwe cheteyo nokusikwa kwawo. Zvisinei, nyaya imwe cheteyo inobvumwa kuti kuvapo kwapamutemo kunoenderera mberi kunotsamira pawirirano yakwo nomutemo unochinjika. Rutivi urwu ruviri runoparira kusawirirana kusingagoni kupedzwa nyore nyore: kunofanira kutongwa neshoko resungano se "battle" kana kuti "uranda" rinofanira kutsanangurwa maererano nerevoro aro azvo 1950, kana kuti inobatanidza kunzwisisa kwamarudzi ose? matare makurusa ose akagamuchira murangariro wapashure, sechinhu chakaoma zvikuru.

Nzvero Dzenhau: Kudavira Muzauko Wekare Mukurapa Kwamarudzi Ose

Zvinetso zvinoshanda zvemanyorero epakutanga zvinova zvakajeka patinoongorora mashoko akapoteredza akaedzwa kana kuti akakakavadzana.

Kokorodzano Yamarudzi Nemarudzi Nengwariro

Mubatanidzwa weGenecide Convention wa1948 unorondedzera kuuraya rudzi rwedzinza sechiito chakati "chakaitirwa kupara, chakazara kana kuti murutivi, rudzi, boka redzinza kana kuti rerudzidziso, seri. Dare reInternational Court of Justice, mu Bosnia v. Serbia mhaka (2007), yakadudzirwa "kapoka), yakadudzirwa kurangarira kunzwisiswa kwevaratisitisitisiti. Panzvimbo pezvo, yakakuvamba kusvika kuidzo yenhau yeKomikorodzanote yeNyika Yose, basa remitemo yeNyika Yose, uye muitiro wakatevera. Nepo Dare rakabvunza Translavistionstionsssssss, haina kurangarira nzira dzokuzvinzwisisa nadzo. Panzvimbo pezvipo, yakakubudisa kuzivisa nzira yemhoto yemhoto yemhoto.

Kududzira Tsamba yeUN Nokuchinja Kwegadziriro

UN Charter yakadudzirwa kubvira muna 1945 nenzira dzinobva pavavariro dzapakuvamba dzevagadziri vayo. Kukura kweSaviko Council yamasimba ayo pasi peganhuro VII, kugamuchirwa kweGeneral Assembly ye "Uniting for Peace" chisarudzo, uye kutanga kwemibato yokuchengeta rugare zvose zvinobva parugwaro rwakakomba nenzwisiso yapakuvamba yeChatater. Kusvika kwapakuvamba kungaderedza zvakawanda zvetsika yakabvumira UN kuchinjira kutyisidziro itsva nezvinoitika zvenhau. Dare renyika dzose reRugare, mu Certaintions mifungo yapakuvamba. [1962], yakaramba chose chose chose nokurangarira kuti masimba eUN anofanira kuratidzirwa kupfurikidza nesangano renyika dzose.

Kubata Nekodzero Dzevanhu Sezvinhu Zvipenyu

Dare rekodzero dzavanhu renharaunda rave riri rakajeka zvikurusa mukuramba mavambo. Dare reEurope raMarurami evoruzhinji ragara richivandudza kutsanangurwa kwekodzero dzeConvention kuti dziratidze kuchinja kwechikaro, sezvinoonekwa mumhosva dzezvibvumirano zvakafanana zvevatano ( Schalk naKopf v. Austria[FL:1]]), inobetsera kubereka (.S.H. v. Austria[FL:3]), uye mazita. Dare reAborite. Dare reMitengo rekodzero dzavanhu rakarangarira nenzira yakafanana kuti Dare reAmerica pakodzero dzavanhu rinofanira kuturikirwa muchiedza kutenderera nyika dzose. Mutezo wokutanga kuidzo wazvokudzivisa bedzi makumi amakore okudzivisa kudzoroteverwa kwechipfumitezoro asi kukunda kukunda kukunda kukunda kukunda kudzivirira maruramiro avanhu.

Makakatanwa Aitsigira Zvinhu Zvakatangwa Nepakutanga Muchitsananguro

Pasinei zvapo neizvi zvinetso zvinotyisa, zvinhu zvokurangarira kwapakuvamba zvinoita basa mumutemo wamarudzi ose, uye vamwe vatsinhiri vanoitirana nharo nokuda kwokushandiswa kwakarongwa zvikuru kwenheyo dzapakuvamba.

Kugadzikana Kworugwaro Nebvumirano yeHurumende

Nheyo yebvumiro yehurumende ndeyehwakavakirwa pamutemo wamarudzi ose: mifungo yakasungwa bedzi nemisengwa yavakawana nokuzvidira. Chinjo yakasimba yetsika dzapakuvamba inogona kuva inofadza nemhaka yokuti inochengeta misengwa yebvumirano kurugwaro runotenderwa chaizvoizvo, ichiganhurira mano ematare okuisa misengwa isina kutongodiwa. Iyi itiro hanya yakakomba zvikuru mubvumirano yemari, apo matare pane dzimwe nguva akakudza revo yokurapa kwakarurama nokuenzana kana kuti kubvisa kupfuura izvo nyika dzinonzwisisa apo dzinoisa zvibvumirano zvinokosha. Muiyi ndima ino, simbiso huru zvikuru parugwaro rwapakuvamba nenhau inogona kusimbisa hwaro hwemitemo yamarudzi ose.

Revowo Zvayo Somavambo

VCLT inovamba ne "revowo zvayo" mumashoko akapoteredza, ine miganhu yemhuri ine revo yapakuvamba yavanhu. Madare enyika ose anowanzotsvaka maduramazwi, magwaro enguva ino, uye kunyora zvinyorwa kuti aone revo yemashoko esungano panguva yokunyora. Ikoku kunokosha zvikuru nokuda kwezvibvumirano zvemitemo , mutero, kana kuti miganhu yematomu egungwa ine chokuita nenzvimbo dzepasi. (8) uko kururama nedzikamo zvinovamba uye uko kududzira nesimba kungaparira kusatendikanika. Dare reMitemo yeMitemo yemitemo paVCLT rinosimbisa kuti pfundo rokutanga rokududzira ndiro, kwete vavariro dzemasangano. Mukuita, matare mazhinjisa enyika anobata rugwaro senhungamiro huru uye kutsigira apo rugwaro runenge runetsoro kana kuti runoita kuti ruvere rusa rusa.

Revo Yapakuvamba Setsiuro Pakutonga

Vatsoropodzi vedudziro yegweta vanotaura kuti inotamisira simba rakanyanya kuvatongi uye kure nehurumende. Apo Dare reEurope rekodzero dzevanhu "rinowana" revo yeKokorodzano, zvinoisa misengwa mitsva nenzira inoshanda pasina kubvumira kwakananga kwehurumende(imosvo yemitemo yokutonga. Chimiro chepakutanga chinomanikidza kuti kududzira kutsva kupi nokupi kutsaurwa kurevo yapakuvamba kana kuti kutsika hurumende inoita kuti ibvumirane zvakajeka. Iyi rondedzero inowirirana mumitengo yokuisa mari pasina kubvumirana kwehurumende yacho, umo masangano anobva murutivi rwakarurama nemhaka yokusatevedzerwa. Kusvika kwapakuvamba kungagona kudzorera nenzira yapamutemo kupfurikidza nokuratidzira kuti madare ari kuisa misero zvomene inoita misengwa mitengo iri pasi, isingaitwi muvatsva.

Kutsoropodza Nemhinduro: Mhaka Yokurwisana Nokuvamba muMutemo Wamarudzi Ose

Zvibvumikiso zvinorambidza kuisa mutemo wokutanga kumutemo wenyika dzakawanda hazvingoshandi chete asi zvinoenda kunheyo dzinozivikanwa dzegadziriro yacho.

Kusaenzana Musimba Rinopedza Mhindu

Kududzira maropafadzo evagadziri vemiitiro, avo mukurukurirano dzakawanda dzamarudzi ose vamiriri vehurumende dzine simba namapoka ezvimuko. Nyika dzinobudirira kazhinji kazhinji dzinobvumirana nezvibvumirano izvo zvakakurukurwa vasati vawana kuzvimirira kana kuti pasina kutora rutivi rune revo mumuitiro wokunyora. Uku kududzira zvibvumirano zvakadaro mukuwirirana nevavariro yapakuvamba yavagadziri vehondo vaizobatanidza simba renhau reassymmetriets ndokufuratira mirangariro yedzimwe nyika dzakazotevera, idzo dzingava nenzwisiso yakasiana yedonzo rechishandiso. Izvo inhau huru yokuti pakuvamba, nenhungamiro yadzokororwa shure, haigoni kutaura nyore nyore.

Chinetso Chomutemo Wetsika Wenyika Dzakawanda

Chikamu chinokosha chomutemo wamarudzi ose hachisi chakavakirwa pabvumirano asi ndechetsika: miitiro yose inogamuchirwa somutemo. Mutemo wetsika wamarudzi ose une simba ramanyuko omuzvarirwo, unobatanidza kupfurikidza nomuitiro wehurumende uye opinio jutris [ nguva inopfuura. Chitendero hachina kushanda kune revo kumiraudzo yetsika, iyo isina nheyo yakagadzwa yemagwaro kana kuti nhambo imwe yechisiko. Kana chitemerwa serondedzero yavose yetsika dzomutemo wamarudzi ose, chaizofanira kubvisa zvimwe gamuchidzanwa chose chose kana kuti kuedza kuisadzikisa mamiriro acho ose ari maviri enhau, aizova asina maturo uye anogamuchirwa nenzira inosakafanira.

Kufambira Mberi Nekodzero Dzevanhu

Zvichida kutsoropodza kune simba zvikurusa ndiko kuti kuvamba kwapakuvamba kungadzora kukura kwetsika kwemitemo yamaruramiro avanhu. Kurambidzwa kwokutambudza, maruramiro kukutonga kwakarurama, uye dziviriro pakusarura zvose zvakakudzwa kupfurikidza nokududzira kwezvekuvamba. Kusvika kwapakuvamba kungada kuti iyi mirangariro inzwisiswe seizvo yakanzwisiswa muna 1948, 1950, kana kuti 1966, iyo muzvinoitika zvizhinji yaizoreva mipimo inorangarirwa kuva isina kukwana kana kuti inotosemesa. Somuenzaniso, Convention on Human Rights yakaturic yave yakaturikirwa pakuvamba sebvumidza chirango checorporal muzvikoro ([FLT: 0]] TYR [FLT]] ] inotonga izvi, uye zvimwe zvirongwa zvakaraviwa kubvisa zvimiro zvakati kuti zvivei zvevatano. Chishandiso chipenyu chakava chakava necherekedzo chakakura chikwa chakato chaidzwa kuzivisa kuzivisa maruramiro okuzviko.

Kuchikamu Chinoorora: Revo Yapakuvamba Semavambo, Haisi Nzvimbo Yokugumira

Kubva pakuoma kwazvakaita, kubvumira mutemo nezvibvumirano zvenyika dzakawanda kuti zvivepo hakubviri uye hakudiwi. Zvisinei, pfungwa dzinoumba pfungwa dzepakutanga dzinogona uye dzinofanira kuita basa rokutsanangura zvakadzama.

Revo Yapakuvamba Sechiono Chakasimba

Tsinhiro yeTsitsi inofanira kutanga nerevowo zvayo yorugwaro panguva yemhedziso yarwo, inorangarirwa mumashoko akapoteredza uye mukuwirirana nedonzo rechibvumirano. Uku kutsanangura kunoshanda kunokosha kwoufamberi, dzikamo, uye ruremekedzo nokuda kwebvumirano yehurumende. Kana rugwaro rwakajeka uye rwakajeka, dare rinofanira kudzivisa muedzo wokubva kwarwuri patsika dzinofungwa. Chitendero, muchimiro chine mwero, chinopa kururamisa kubetsera mukutsanangura kunyengera.

Tsananguro Yamasimba Nokuda KwamaNorm Akanyorwa

Panguva imwe cheteyo, gadziriro dzezvibvumirano dzakawanda dzinonyorwa pachena namaune, dzichishandisa mashoko akafanana ne "ane mufungo," "fair," "chiremera chomunhu," kana kuti "bhiritariri". Mashoko akadaro anokumbira kududzirwa kwokudavidza chaiko nemhaka yokuti akanga achiitirwa kuwiriranisa migariro inochinja. Mufungo wapakuvamba uyo wakaomerera pauku kuoma kwemashoko parevo yawo muna 1950 ungakunda chinhu nedonzo resungano. Chinetso ndechokusiyanisa pakati pegadziriro dzechokwadi dzinowirirana nedzine revo yakajeka yenhau iyo inofanira kutsanangura.

Muitiro Unotevera Somuuyo Wemhindumupindu Yapamutemo

Kubatanidzwa kwetsika dzinotevera kunopa mativi apakati etsika. Kana nyika dzakaita nenzira inopfuurira mukunzwisisa misengwa yadzo yebvumirano, muitiro iwoyo unogona kuvandudza nenzira yapamutemo gadziriro yokududzira pasina kuda kugadziridzwa kwetsika. Uku kuremekedza zvose zviri zviviri rugwaro rwapakuvamba (rwusingaraswi) uye kubvumira kunopfuurira kwehurumende sokuratidzirwa nomufambiro wadzo. Kunodzivisa kunyanyisa kwechinjo yakaomeswa parutivi rumwe uye kugadzira zvinhu zvokutonga kusingadzoreki pane rumwe rutivi.

mhedziso

Kushandiswa kwemavambo kumutemo wamarudzi ose nezvibvumirano kunofumura kusawirirana kukuru pakati pokududzira dzikamo inowirirana nemhindumupindu inowirirana, pakati pebvumiro yenyika nokuchinjika kwesangano, uye pakati pegadziriro yakavharwa yebumbiro remitemo yenyika yose nechimiro chapachena, chemitemo yamarudzi akawanda. Kunangidzira rugwaro nerevo yenhau kunogovera chirango chinokosha mumhoteredzo inogona kupetwa nyore nyore kupinda mukuita muitiro wedare. Asi marudzi ose, mitauro, uye varadzi vezvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose vanoita kuti chisave chinhu chakaoma.

Matare enyika yose anofanira kurangarira revo yokutanga senzvimbo iri madikanwa asi kwete mhedziso inopwisa. Anofanira kunzvera kukurukura nhau namanyuko azvino uno kuti anzwisise izvo mapoka angave aireva, nepo achiramba akazaruka kududzira uko rugwaro, chinhu, uye donzo resungano zvinoitsigira. Kutevera muitiro wehurumende, kubuda kwemipimo mitsva inodzivisika, uye mhindu yomutemo wetsika dzamarudzi ose zvose zvinogovera zvikonzero zvapamutemo zvokuvandudza revo yebvumirano. Vavariro inobatanidza kutendeseka kwamashoko nounyoro hwesangano, pamusoro pezvose zviri zviviri mutengo wapakuvamba wakarohwa namabhii matsva enyika ose ari ose apamutemo munyika inochinja.

Kushandiswa kwemashoko anotaurwa, kuchishandisa simba redzidziso yokutanga nepo kuchidzivisa ganhuriro dzayo mukati megadziriro yamarudzi ose yemitemo, kunopa nzira yakanakisisa nokuda kwavaturikiri vanotsvaka kuyananisa dzikamo nechinjo, kuva nokutendeseka nokuchinjika.