Kunzwisisa Kunyorwa Kwemashoko Mundima yeIreland

Shoopera hhedio idzodzoro renheyo dzekudzivirira rinoshandura mashoko akajeka anoverengwa kuva confish uchishandisa maalgoritime. Nokuda kwamasangano anoshanda muIreland, kunyorwa kwamashoko kusati kuri dzivirirowo zvayo younyanzvi asi chinodikanwa chokudzosera pasi peSangano rePUTS (GDPR) uye Irish Data Protection Act 2018. Irish Texation Commission (DPC) yagara ichisimbisa kuti kunyorwa kwemashoko kuve “mwero wakakodzera yeunyanzvi” yokudzivirira mashoko omunhu oga, uye kusavapo kwawo kunogona kutungamirira kufaro dzakati kana kuti zviito zvinotevedzerwa.

Kunyora kwaidzivirira mashoko panhano nhatu: pakuzorora (pamiteveri, masero, mativi okunyorwa), mukufamba (kufamba kwemibatanidzwa), uye mukushandiswa. Nepo kunyorwa kwamashoko kwapakuzorora uye mukufamba kwasanorongwa, kunyorwa kwamashoko kuri kushandiswa kunoramba kuri nzvimbo iri kubuda. Masangano mazhinjisa eIreland, anotanga kunyora mashoko okunyora parusaiti pazororo uye mumiedzo anoshandisa, maarectiveal ndirorivero yehwaro.

Mubatanidzwa Wepamutemo uye Wokugadzirisa Zvinhu muIreland

Zvinodikanwa Zvekunyora

Chikamu 32 cheGDPR chinorayira kuti vadzori navagadziri vashandise matanho akakodzera ebasa nesangano kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti mwero wechengeteko wakakodzera ngozi. Kunyora pabopo kunoziviswa zvakajeka semwero mumwe wakadaro, pamwe chete nokuisa mashoko enhema, kuvimbika, kuwanikwa, uye kugadziriswa kwegadziriro dzokugadzira zvinhu. Nhungamiro yeDPC pa “Utemo yeDicial Data” inosimbisa kuti kunyora pabondero kunofanira kushandiswa kutoti kuongorora kwakanyorwa kuti kune ngozi kwapapo, kuvimbika, kutendeka, kuwanikwa, uye kuvapo, uye kugadziridzwa kwegadziriro dzinoshanda pakugadzirwa.

Pasi peChikamu 33, kudimburwa kwemashoko kwomunhu oga kunofanira kuziviswa kuDPC mukati memaawa 72 kana kuchimutsa ngozi kuvanhu vamwe navamwe. Zvisinei, kana mashoko acho akafinhwa neave akanyorwa neauthoridhe yakasimba uye kiyi dzisina kubvumiranwa pane zvisina kufanira, kuputsa kwacho kungasada kuziviswa nemhaka yokuti mashoko acho haanzwisisiki kumapoka asina mvumo. Ikoku kusimbisa ukoshi hwepamutemo hwokunyora pabondepa sechidzoreso chinodzika.

Kudzivirira Kunoita Mari 2018

Department Development Act 2018 yeIreland GDPR ine gadziriro dzakananga dzokuronga kuchengetwa kwomutemo, mazita outano, uye mabasa eDPC. Nepo isingawedzeri zvinodikanwa zvitsva zvokunyorwa kwamashoko, inosimbisa nheyo yokuti matanho okuchengetedza anofanira kutevedzerwa uye kunyorwa. Masangano anogadzira zvikamu chaizvo zvedata (um., utano, mativi ezvikamu zvemibatanidzwa yebhizimisi) anofanira kushandisa kunyorwa kwokunyorwa kwemashoko sechisaidzokororwa.

ePriváry uye Kukurukurirana Nefoni

Nokuda kwemichina yekurukurirano nekombiyuta muIreland, ePrivtacy Directive (inoshandurwa kupfurikidza neS.I.% 336/2011) inoda kunyorwa kwemashoko ekurukurirano. Ikoku kunobatanidza runhare rwenzwi, maemail, uye kutumira mashoko. DPC neComReg zvakabudisa pamwe chete nhungamiro pamusoro pemipimo yechengeteko, kubatanidza zvinodikanwa zvokunyora mashoko ezvokunyora pafoni nokuda kwavashandisi venetwork.

Kuziva uye Kunzwisisa Zvinhu Zvakajeka

Pamberi pokushandisa kunyorwa kwamashoko okunyora, masangano anofanira kunzvera zvinhu zvawo. Kurongwa kwemazita kunofanira kuratidzira mashoko maererano nokuziva: vanhu vose, vomukati, vakavanzika, kana kuti ganhuriro. MuIreland, mashoko omunhu oga (chinhu chipi nechipi chinozivisa munhu mupenyu) anofanira kubatwa sechakavanzika. Masangano chaiwo edata yomunhu oga (yemari, zvitendero zvorudzidziso, mirangariro yezvamatongerwe enyika, zvichingodaro) anoratidza mwero wakakwirira wedziviriro, zvikurukuru wekupindwa kwemashoko pazororo uye TLS 1.

Kuronga mamepu emiitiro yemirayiridzo inokosha. Rugwaro apo mashoko omunhu oga anoyerera: kubva kuunganidzo dzevatengi kusvikira kumibatanidzwa yeCRM, masero okunyorera, maemail, uye nzvimbo inochengeterwa makore. Nzvimbo imwe neimwe panochengeterwa madata kana kuti kupfuudzwa inofanira kunyorwa. DPC inotarisira masangano kuchengeta Chinyorwa chaMakoroni eMitemo yeCromitteniting (ROPA) chinobatanidza kunyorwa kwounyoro nokuda kwechinangwa chimwe nechimwe.

Maarufabheti uye Mitemo

Maarufabheti Ane Simba Okunyora Nhoroondo

Nokuda kwezvikwangwani zvakazorora, Express Express Standard (AES) ine makiyi 256 idi rendarama. AES-256 inotenderwa neNational Security Agency (NSA) nokuda kwamashoko akavanzika apamusoro uye inotsigirwa zvikuru muhareydhi nesoftware. Nokuda kwemiitiro yenhaka umo AES isati iripo, Triple DES (3DES) ichiri inogamuchirika asi inofanira kubviswa. Dzivisa kusashandisa maarufabheti akadai seDES, RC4, kana kuti MD5 nokuda kwokugara.

Nokuda kwemashoko ari muchifambiso, Transport Lames Security (TLS) shanduro 1,3 ichiri mutoo wakanakisisa wazvino uno. TLS 1.2 ichiri inogamuchirwa asi inofanira kurongwa nesutu dzakasimba dzechidhinhi uye kuvanza kwakakwana mberi. Masangano anofanira kusaita kuti TLS 1.0 na1 nemhaka yekuzivikanwa sePOODRE neCHOR Security Center (NCSC) ive inorumbidza kushandiswa bedzi TLS 1.2 kana kuti kupfuura nokuda kwemabasa ose ewebhu anobata mashoko omunhu oga.

Kupwiswa Nhevedzano Kusvikira Kumugumo

Nokuda kwokugoverana kwokutumirana nefaira, kunyora mashoko emashoko kumugumo (E2EE) kunovimbisa kuti mugamuchiri bedzi anogona kunyoresa mashoko acho. Makambani eIreland anonangidzirwa pamichina yemichero nezveutano anoshandisa nenzira inowedzera E2EE nokuda kwemikoto inomirira murwere, mabhangi, uye kurukurirano dzakavanzika. Kubatanidza kunofanira kushandisa maraibhurari ane mativi akawanda akadai seOpenSS, Bouncic Castle, kana kuti Libsodium.

Kupeta Mashoko Okunyora Paunenge Wambozorora

Kunyora padhisiki zvakazara (FDE)

Matepyrose, mafirepu, uye maserura anoshandiswa nevashandi muIreland anofanira kuva nokunyorwa kwemashoko kwakazara kunoitwa. Blut Locker (Windows), FileVault (maccos), uye LUKAS (Linux) ndezvakarevererwa. DPC inhungamiro pamakombiyuta inoreva zvakajeka kuti madhiramu ane mashoko emunhu oga anofanira kunyorwa. Kana pakaitika kurasikirwa nechinhu, FDE inodzivisa kuwanikwa kusina mvumo kumashoko paanenge azorora.

Kunyorwa kweTestamende

Matendero ane mashoko emunhu oga anofanira kunyorwa pateshi yefaira reFirimu (kunyorwa kwemashoko anoratidza kunyorwa kwemashoko) kana kuti pamwero wemarusando nokuda kweminda inotapukira. Microsoft SQL Server, MVURIPU, uye PostgreSQL zvose zvinotsigira TDE. Nokuda kwemapepa egore (jere, Amazon RDS, Azure SQL database, Google Classime SQL), inoita kuti agone kunyora mashoko okunyora pachishandiswa makiyikiyi echinda kana kuti maaunzi adzoro adzorwa. Masangano eIreland anofanira kuvimbisa kuti majekero egore anochengetera mapepa mukati meno okunyora mashoko eEU kana kuti mubumbiro dzakakwana 45 dzeGDPR.

Firi ne Kunyora Nhevedzano yeDSV

Nokuda kwevashandisi vemafaira vakagoverwa uye kuchengeterwa makore (muremu, govera Point, OneDrive, Google Comfort), gonesa kunyorwa kwamashoko pakuzorora ndokushandisa miitiro yokupinda. Kunyorwa kwemashoko echitsauko chesero kunobvumira kudzora kworuzha: somuenzaniso, kuisa minda yakajeka mushopu yema yakadai senhamba dzepasiposiposito kana kuti nhau yezvokurapa.

Kufembera Mashoko Mutransit

Kufamba kwose kwepane imwe kombiyuta kune mashoko emunhu oga kunofanira kunyorwa kwakanyorwa. Ikoku kunobatanidza kufamba kwomukati menhepfenyuro pakati pevashandisi mukati menzvimbo yeminheve yedhai. Nepo GDPR isingadi kunyorwa zvakajeka mukati menet system, nheyo yemaidi yemifungo yakarerukirwa nengozi yetsinga dzemongi dzinoiitira nharo. Shandisa masuo enzvimbo ye-tofire-sched ne SS kutarisirwa kure. Kushandisa maappel, anomanikidzira HTTPS nemisoro yeHSTS uye anowana magwaro kubva kuSatifiketi (Sec) yakadai seRet’s Fibreg, Global, kana kuti Digiert.

Kunyorwa kwemaIndasimu kunokosha zvikuru mumabhizimisi eIreland anobata mashoko evatengi anotapurwa. Shandisa S/MIME kana PGP nokuda kwokunyorwa kwemanyuko eemail, uye kunoda TLS nokuda kwebatano dzeSMTP (STRATLS). Mafemu mazhinji ezvounyanzvi hweIrish (gal, compration, recurection) zvino anoshandisa masuo akachengeteka nokuda kwokuchinja mapepa panzvimbo pesimendi inoiswa pa tsamba.

Kutarisira Kunokosha Miitiro Yakanakisisa

Kunyora kwasimba bedzi somuitiro mukuru wokutarisira. DPC inotarisira masangano kuva nomuitiro mukuru wokutarisira unonyorwa unofukidza chizvarwa chikuru, kuchengeta, kutenderera, chengeteko, chengeteko, uye ruparadziko. Miitiro yakanakisisa inobatanidza:

  • SARATI yokuchengeta: Chengeta makiyi okunyorwa kwoupotendi muHSM modura yeHSM kana kuti basa rokutarisira gore ramafungu (AWS KMS, Azure Ki Urufunguzo Varelt, Google Clouth KMS) yakaparadzaniswa mumuviri nedata yakafindwa. Usatongochengeta makiyi musero imwe cheteyo yemapepa kana kuti padisiki imwe cheteyo nedesiki yecipher text.
  • Key yokutenderera: Jikisa makiyi panenge gore negore kana kuti panguva ipi kana ipi apo kubvumirana kukuru kunofungidzirwa. Kuchinja kukuru kuchishandisa KMS yakarongeka.
  • ropafadzo yokupinda mugungwa: Kuganhurira kusvika kumakiyi kuchiverengero chiduku chavatarisiri vane chiremera. Shandisa udzori hwekupinda hwakavakirwa parutivi rumwe uye kunoda kuva nechokwadi chakawanda chezvinhu zvinokosha zvokutarisira.
  • [[FTL:0] Kudzokera shure nokunaya ngwavaira:[[FT:1] Vamba makiyi okunyorwa kwamashoko akabatanidzwa zvakanaka (mutoo, muHSM yakasiyana kana kuti yakachengetwa panzvimbo yapachivanze pasina mashandiro). Pasina makiyi, madata akakopwa anenge arasika zvachose. Zvikamu zvamanyuko anofanira kuchengetwa pamwero mumwe chetewo wechengeteko sekiyi dzinorarama.
  • Kuparadza kukuru: Paunobvisa michina yokubudisa, bvisa zvakanaka makeyi okunyora mashoko akabatana nawo kuti uite kuti mashoko asawaniki. Tevedzera NPIS SP 800-57 nhungamiro dzokuparadza kukuru.

Kunyora Nheyo Nokuda Kwemhosva Dzakajeka Dzinoshandiswa

Zvishandiso Zveserura Nebasa Rekure

Nekukura kwebasa riri kure uye reminwiro muIreland, kunyorwa kwemafoni nehwendefa zvinonetsa. Shamba necherose zvinoshandiswa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvebasa zvinofanira kuva necherekedzo yemashoko emashoko. Nokuda kweiOS, izvi zvinogoneswa nokusagadzirwa nefoni nekombiyuta. Forroid, inosiyana nezvishandiso asi shanduro dzazvino uno dzinomanikidzirwa kutevedzerwa. Ixpment Mobile Depal Department (MDM) kumanikidza miitiro yokunyora mashoko okunyora pabonde kana mashandisirwa. DPC ine masangano akaisvonaka okukundikana kunyora makombiyuta ane mashoko omunhu oga, zvikurukuru muchikamu chezvoutano.

Kushanda Nemakore

Pakushandisa Infrapublicare-as-a-Service (IaS) kana Platform-as-Service (PaaS), masangano eIreland anofanira kunzwisisa muenzaniso wawo webasa rakagoveranwa. Nhevedzo inonangidzira nzvimbo iri pasi, asi vatengi vane mutoro wokuisa mashoko avo okushandisa. Shandisa mashoko ewebsite yepanze pekubvira usati waisa mashoko kugore. Software-a-Service (SAS) kufanana naSashes forficerce kana kuti Office666, nzvera kuti chitsamiro chinoshandisa kunyorwa kwapanyuro pazasi, uye kugovera mutengidziri wezvokubhaisi (CK) kana madata akatapurira.

Kuchengetedza uye Kuziva Zvinhu Zvakagadzirwa

Majeredhi anowanzova nemashoko mamwe chetewo anonzwika semagadzirirwo. Anofanira kunyorwa zvose zviri zviviri mukufambiswa (pakutumirwa zvinotsigira) uye pazororo (pazvinobudisa mashoko okutsigira). Tape inofanira kushandisa mashoko epawaredhi (zvikuru, LTO8 neopenthia). Zvikamu zvemafu zvinofanira kushandisa kunyorwa kwamashoko okunyorwa kwaakanyorwa pachishandiswa makiyi akaparadzana. Miitiro yokuedza kusimbisa nguva dzose kuti zvivakidzwa zvakanyorwa nenzira inobudirira.

Zvidzoro nokuongorora

Kunyora pabonde kunorasika kana vanoshandisa vasina mvumo vachigona kuwana makiyi okubudisa mashoko ane khowudi kana kuti mawadhi akapindwa nomutemo mumasiteshi ane pamutemo. Indanisa udzoro hwakasimba hwekupinda kwemakombiyuta ose anobata madata akajeka. Shandisa kusvika kwakavakirwa pamativi akawanda, kusimbisa kwakawanda, uye nguva dzinopfuura. Kuongorora matanda okupinda pamienzaniso yezvisaririra zvemakeminwe: kuedza kwokunyoresa kwakaramba kuchikundikana, zvinokosha kuwana zvikumbiro zvisinganzwisisiki, kana kuti kusvika kunzvimbo dzisingatariki kukarira kuva nemitoo yokucheka inovhura mashoko anovhura mashoko uye nguva ipi, necherekero nokuda kwebasa rinonyumwisa.

Mhinduro Yakakodzera Nokunyora

Nzira inosanonyorwa yepepyroject inogona kupfavisa mhinduro hurusa. Kana makombiyuta akavanzika kana kuti makombiyuta zvakabiwa, masangano angasada kuzivisa DPC kana kuti kutapurwa kana kunyorwa kwemashoko akasimba uye makiyi asina kuiswa padivi. Chinyorwa ichi chisainwa mugadziriro yako yemhinduro. Zvisinei, kana pane bviro yokuti kiyi dzakafukijeka dzakafumurwa (g., muvhiyi anosvika gadziriro yezvinokosha yokutarisira), batai kuputsika sechiitiko chakazara. Mutezo wetejiro wokuedza nzira dzokupindura nadzo uye kugadziridza kugadziridzwa kwezvinokosha mumiedzo inotevedzerwa.

Kunyepera uye Kudzidziswa Basa

Kudziridza muitiro wekunyora mashoko ose akazara anofukidza zvinhu zviri pamusoro apa: maatomu anofanira kunyorwa pakanyorwa, maarufabheti api anofanira kutenderwa, miitiro yokutarisira mirayiridzo inokosha, kushandiswa kunogamuchirika kwekunyorwa kwegore, uye kubatwa kwechiitiko. Uyu muitiro unofanira kutenderwa nevatarisiri vakuru uye kudzokororwa gore negore. Vashandi vose vanobata mashoko avo pachavo vanofanira kudzidziswa pamitemo yokunyora mashoko akavanzika: kuti vangaziva sei vs. Kukurukurirana kusina kunyorwa pachivande, nzira yokushandisa nayo email kana kuti mafaira akavhara akabatana maturusi, uye kushuma kukundikana kungabvira.

Kunyora Nokutsigira

Kunzvera kwenguva dzose kwemiitiro yako yokunyora mashoko okupeta kunokosha nokuda kwokutevedzana kweGDPR. Mitemo inofanira kusimbisa kuti mapurogiramu ose ane mashoko omunhu oga akagonesa kunyora mashoko akarevererwa, kuti maarufabheti akakura anenge asvika musi, marusaiti okuchinja kukuru anoteverwa, uye kuti matanda okupinda anodzokororwa. Kunzvera mishumo serutivi rwezvinyorwa zvako zvokuzvidavirira pasi peChikamu 5(2). DPC ingakumbira ufakazi ihwo mukati menzvero. Rangarira kushandisa maturusi anopindwa emotokari ayo anonzvera nokuda kwezvitoro zvedata zvisina kunyorwa, sutrufadzero, kana kuti magwaro eTLS.

Miitiro Yokunyepera Yakawanda Yemasangano eIreland

Post-quantum comptagraphy iri pajengachenga. Kunyange zvazvo makombiyuta equantam asati ava tyisidziro kukunyorwa kwazvino uno kwokunyorwa kwamashoko, NCSC Ireland inorumbidza kuti masangano anotanga kuronga nokuda kwokuvhara. Nhita-tanga yeNSTARF inoronga kuti post-quantantem igadziriswe uye iva nechokwadi chokuti masangano ako okunyora mashoko emashoko enyaindefa anogona kugadziridzwa kumitemo mitsva apo anenge avapo. Nenzira yakafanana, homomomomorphic comptic complection iri kuwana mashoko ezvisaririra zvepachivande, kunyange zvazvo asati achiri anokosha kuti ashandiswe pakushandiswa.

Manyuko Anorumbidzwa

Masangano eIreland anogona kubvunza manyuko ane chiremera anotevera nokuda kwenhungamiro ine udzame:

mhedziso

Kushandisa miitiro yokunyora mashoko eUnionched yakanakisisa muIreland muitiro unoda kusanorongwa, ganhuriro dzakasimba dzemichina, uye dzoro inopfuurira. Kupfurikidza nokuziva mashoko anotapurika ane simba, anoshandisa maaudimikira, achiisa makiyi nenzira inopfuurira, achiisa mapepa pazororo napakufamba, uye achibatanidza nekariro dzeDPC, masangano anogona kuderedza zvikuru ngozi yokuputswa kwemamashoko uye kuratidzira kuzviisa pasi pebasa rimwe renguva asi nhambo inopfuurira yokunzvera, kuronga, uye kuvandudza. Masangano eIreland anobata kunyora mashoko sechirangoridzo yecheto yeko yekotseka haasati achizongosvitsa bedzi zvinodikanwa zvinodzorwa asi anovakawo chivimbo navatengi navatsi pamwe cheteri mukuwedzera kutengidzwa kwemadata.