Mavambo Okutsigira Paruzhinji

Mari inotsigirwa navose ichinhu chikuru chemitengo yehurumende yazvino uno inodzora, kupinza mari yomutero mudzidzo, tarisiro youtano, masangano ezvirongwa, uye gadziriro dzenzanga. Asi nouku kuwanda kwemari kunounza mutoro mukuru wetsika. Nzira iyo hurumende dzinogovera nayo mari iyoyi inotapura zvakananga kuvimba kwavanhu, kururamisira kwenzanga, uye utano hwose hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Apo mari inoshandiswa zvisina kufanira kana kuti inogoverwa pasina ruramisiro yakajeka, kutsoropodza kunokura, uye vagari vemo vanova vanopesana.

Kupa mari kwavose hakusati kuri nhauwo zvayo yepamutemo; idikanwo. Vabhadhari vanoronzesa mari yavo inoshuviwa zvikuru kuhurumende nekariro yokuti ichashandiswa kuvandudza garikano yavanhu vose. Ichi chivimbo chinofanira kukudzwa kupfurikidza nemiitiro yakajeka, goverano inoenzana, uye kuzvidavirira pamwero uri wose. Pasina gadziriro yetsika yakasimba, ngozi dzemari dzinopiwa ruzhinji dzinova chishandiso nokuda kwechiteshi chezvamatongerwe enyika, tsvina, kana kuti kunyange ushati.

Kukosha Kwokutsigira Vanhu Mumari

Tsika dzinokosha zvikuru mumari inobhadharwa nevoruzhinji. Mhinduro iri mubvumirano yenzanga pakati pehurumende nevagari vemo. Dora rimwe nerimwe rinopedzerwa chipikirwa chokubatira zvakanaka zvakafanana. Kana chipikirwa ichocho chaputswa, nzanga inorwisana. Kutsigira mari kwevoruzhinji kunobetsera:

  • [ Chengeta Chivimbo Chavose: Vagari vemo vane bviro huru yokuwirirana nemisengwa yemitero netsigiro zvirongwa zvehurumende apo vanodavira kuti mari inoshandiswa nenzira ine mutoro.
  • [[[FLT: 0] Chitsama chemari chinodzivisa kubatwa kwakatanhamara uye chinovimbisa kuti nzanga dzakaganhurirwa dzinogamuchira mugove wadzo wakakwana wepfuma.
  • Kushanda zvakanaka: Nhungamiro dzetsika dzakajeka dzinoderedza unyengeri nokupambadza, dzichisimbisa tapuro yomuripi wemitero wemari.
  • Dremocracy Ezvehurumende Inosimbisa: Miitiro yokutsigira nemari inopenya inopa simba vagari vemo uye inotsigira kuvimbisana kwehurumende.

Nzvero inobva OECD inoratidza kuti nyika dzine gadziriro dzakasimba dzeperero dzavose dzinokombamira kuva nemwero yakakwirira yechivimbo muhurumende uye kukura kwemari kunotsigirwa zvikuru. Mari yavose haisi youmbozha; chinodikanwa nokuda kwokudzora kunobudirira.

Nheyo Huru Mukutsigira Kutsigira Mumari

Kuti mitemo ishande, hurumende dzinofanira kutevedzera mitemo inokosha inoita kuti vakuru vakuru vasarudze zvinhu zvakaoma pakushandisa mari asi vachiramba vakaperera.

Kuzvidavirira

Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanofanira kuzvidavirira nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvavo zvemari. Kuzvidavirira kunoreva kuti vaiti vechisarudzo vanogona kunzi vapembedze kuti mari yakagoverwa sei uye yashandiswa sei, uye kuti pane migumisiro yokushandisa zvisina kufanira. Mitemo yakadai seutarisiri hwemitemo, kuongorora kwokuzvimirira, uye kuongorora basa zvinokosha. Pasina kuzvidavirira, kunyange mapurogiramu anosanosanoita anogona kuderera kukusagutsikana kana kuti kusarura.

Kuona bhaisikopo

Miitiro yokushandisa inofanira kuva yakazaruka kunzverwa navanhu. Kuona chitarisiko kunobatanidza kuita mapepa emari, mapepa okuwana, uye mishumo yendyiko inowanika zviri nyore. Kunorevawo kuti mipimo yezvisarudzo zvemari inoziviswa zvakajeka uye inoshandiswa nguva dzose. Tractal International[ sangano rinocherekedza kuti mikoto inopinza mari yakawanda inzvimbo inoparira uori. Apo vagari vemo vanogona kuona uko mari inoenda, vanogona kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvi vazvipikire ndokubetsera kumigumisiro iri nani.

Equity

Mari yavose inofanira kuparadzirwa zvakanaka, ichiziva kuti nzanga dzakasiana - siana dzine zvinodikanwa zvakasiyana. Equity haisati ichireva kubatwa kwakaenzana nokuda kwavose; panzvimbo pezvo, kunoreva kuti mari inowirirana kuwiriraniswa nezvinowirirana kupedza zvinetso zvenhau kana kuti zvinodikanwa zvinomanikidzira. Somuenzaniso, ruwa rwechikoro runowanwa zvakaderera rungada mari yakawanda pamusha woga woga kupfuura akapfuma kuti awane miuyo yedzidzo yakafanana. Kutsigira mari kwevoruzhinji kunoshanda kuvhara mipano panzvimbo pokuzvikudza.

Kutendeseka

Zvisarudzo zvokushandisa zvinofanira kuva zvakasununguka parwisano dzemhindu, chiokomuhomwe, kana kuti dzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Kutendeseka kunoda kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vaise zvakanaka zvakarovedzeka kupfuura mhindu yomunhu oga kana kuti betsero yebato. Iyi nheyo inowanzoraira rovedzo yakakomba yetsika, kurwisana, uye miitiro yokusimbisa yakasimba. Chikanganiso chimwe chinobatanidza mari inoshandiswa zvisina kufanira chinogona kuparadza makore enhamburiko dzokuvaka chivimbo.

Nhoroondo uye Kushanduka - shanduka Kwetsika Dzehurumende Dzinopa Vanhu Zvokurarama Nadzo

Mipimo yetsika yatinoshandisa kumari inopirwa vanhu nhasi muuyo wamazana amakore emhindumupindu. Munzanga dzapamberi pezvipo, mari yavose yaiwanzobatwa sezvinhu zvomunhu oga zvavatongi, kuchitungamirira kukubatwa zvisina kufanira kwakapararira. Magna Carta (1215) yakanga iri nhano yapakuvamba kuzvidavirira, ichisimbisa kuti mambo aisagona kubhadhara mitero pasina kubvumira kwenzvimbo. Nokufamba kwenguva, masangano ehurumende anodzora hurumende akasunda nokuda kwokuva pachena kukuru zvikuru uye vagari vemo mukuronga mari.

Zana ramakore rechi20 rakava nokukura kwegadziriro dzehurumende dzebasa nedzekunzvera. Mutemo wakafanana neU.S. Balbin and Accounting Act ya1921 wakaparira Office yeHurumende yeMasano yeSangano kuti itarisire mari yehurumende. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, kumanikidzwa kwepasi pose nokuda kwehurumende yakazaruka kwakatungamirira kunhano dzakadai se Open Government Partership[, uko nyika dziri mitezo dzinoita kuti dzione, kuzvidavirira, uye kutora rutivi rwepachena mumiitiro yemari.

Kuoma kunzwisisa kwemari yemazuva ano, kupesvedzera kwekuchinja - chinja zvinhu, uye kukurumidza kugadzirwa kwemichina kunogona kukanganisa kushandiswa kwemari.

Zvinetso Mukutsigira Mumari Yavose

Kunyange zvazvo mitemo yakasimba iripo, kushandisa mari inotsigirwa nevoruzhinji kuzere nezvipingamupinyi.

Uori

Uori hunoramba huri ngozi inooneka zvikuru pakutsigira mari yetsika. Hunogona kuva rudzi rwechiokomuhomwe, kudzorwa kwemibayiro kana kuti rusaruro mumibayiro. Munyika dzine masangano asina uori, uori hungava hwakarongeka, huchitsausa mamiriyoni emadhora kubva kumabasa anokosha. Somuenzaniso, World Bank inofungidzira kuti mari inodarika $3 000 000 000 000 inobhadharwa mupfumbamuromo gore rimwe nerimwe munyika yose. Kurwisa iyi, mitemo yakasimba inodzivisa uori, inodzivisa uori, uye kudzivirira kwepfumbamuromo kunokosha kunokosha kunokosha.

Pesvedzero Yezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kushandisa zvisarudzo zvezvamatongerwe enyika ndekwemuzvarirwo, asi apo nharidzano pfupi dzenguva yezvamatongerwe enyika dzinokurira zvinodikanwa zvenhambo refu zvenzanga, tsika dzinotambura. Vezvamatongerwe enyika vangananga mari kukuhwina maruwa kuti vakunde mavhoti, kana kuti kutendera zvirongwa zvemhuka nebetsero yavose inopanikirika. Iyi "purk-barrel" kupambadza kunosekesa zvirongwa zvemari yemari yakarongwa uye inoda nhevedzano yemari inodzorwa inogona kubetsera kuisa mari kubva mumatongerwe enyika chaiwoiwo.

Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu

Hurumende kana mabhajeti akaoma, zvisarudzo zvakaoma zvinofanira kuitwa. Zvinetso zvemari zvinofanira kumuka apo kutsigira mari imwe purogiramu kunoreva kucheka imwe(8) kurapa nokudzidzisa, somuenzaniso. Zvisarudzo izvi zvinoda kufungwa zvakajeka uye kurongwa kwakajeka kwezvinoiswa pakutanga kwakavakirwa pamipimo yavose. Miitiro yemari yokuronga mari inogona kubetsera nzanga kuyera kutengeserana pamwe chete.

Kushaikwa Kwokubatanidzwa Kwavose

Apo vagari vemo vanonzwa vasingadi zvokushandisa zvisarudzo, vangava vasingaitiri hanya kana kuti vasina kuvimbwa navo. Kuvimbisana kunoderedza utarisiri uye kunobvumira miitiro isina kunaka kukura. Vagari vemo vazhinji havana nguva kana kuti unyanzvi hwokunzwisisa bhajeti yakaoma, vachikuita kuti kuve nyore zvikuru kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vavharidze mutengo unopanikirika. Hurumende dzinofanira kuderedza nokushingaira mhinganidzo dzokutora rutivi kupfurikidza nenhau dzavose, kupeta bhajeti, uye nhimbe dzedzidzo dzehurumende.

Zvirongwa Zvokushandisa Mari Yavose

Kuti ugadzirise matambudziko aya zvinoda nzira yakasiyana - siyana inobatanidza kuchinja kwemarongerwo ezvivako netsika.

Bvunzurudzo Yavose Nokugoverana Mukuronga Mari

Kubatanidza vagari vemo zvakananga muzvisarudzo zvemari kunovaka chivimbo uye kunovandudza migumisiro. Kushandisa mari yemari kubvumira mitezo yenzanga kukarakadza uye kuvhota pamabasa, kuchivapa chibvumikiso chaichoicho pamusoro penzira inoshandiswa nayo. Guta rePorto Alegre, Brazil, rakavamba mutoo uyu muma 1980, zvichitungamirira kukuvandudza mabasa avose uye kuderedza uori. Nhasi, PB yakagamuchirwa muzviuru zvamatura munyika yose, kubva kuNew York kusvikira kuSeoul. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti PB inowedzera gutsikano nehurumende uye inoita kuti ive mari yapamutemo ive mari yavanogoverwa.

Mitemo Yenguva Dzose Nokutarisira

Mapiclation resicreen anokosha kuzvidavirira. Zvinocherekedza kusawirirana, zvinoodza mwoyo kushaikwa kwemipimo, uye zvinogovera rumbidzo nokuda kwevandudziko. Mitemo inofanira kuitwa nemitumbi isina kudzongonyedzwa mune zvematongerwe enyika, yakadai semasangano makuru okunzvera mari. Kuwedzera kunzverwa kwemari, kunzvera kushanda kunoyera kana mapurogiramu akawana miuyo yawo yakarondwa. Kunzvera kwokubudisa mumafomu anopindwa kunobatsira vagari vemo navatori venhau kubvunza mibvunzo yakaoma.

Nhungamiro Dzakajeka Nemipimo Yakajeka

Hurumende dzinofanira kubatanidza kariro dzetsika mumiitiro yakarongwa. Iyi nhungamiro inofanira kufukidza chinhu chiri chose kubva kumitemo inowanwa kunhimbe. Idzo dzinofanira kukurukura zvakajeka kuvakuru vakuru vose voruzhinji uye kumanikidzirwa nenzira inowirirana. CD Chirevo pamusoro peperero yaVose[ chinogovera gadziriro yakakwana, ichisimbisa tsika yeperero panzvimbo pokungowirirana nemitemo.

Dzidzo Nerovedzo

Tsika hadzigoni kurerutswa; dzinofanira kudzidziswa. Rovedzo yenguva dzose yavakuru vakuru vehurumende panhau dzakadai serwisano dzefariro, dziviriro dzerivaro, uye kuita chisarudzo chetsika zvinobetsera kuvaka vashandi vanokoshesa perero. Rovedzo inofanira kuva inosungirwa uye inozorodzwa gore negore. Uyezve, gadziriro dzedzidzo dzavagari vemo dzinogona kubetsera vagari vemo kunzwisisa kuti mari inotsigirwa navanhu inoshanda sei uye kuti vanogona sei kuzvidavirira vakuru vakuru.

Basa Rounyanzvi Mukusimudzira Mari Yavose Yavose

Kana zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvikashandiswa zvakanaka, zvinogona kuvhara musiyano uri pakati pehurumende nevanhu, zvichiita kuti mari ishandiswe zvakanaka.

Mapepa Anenge Akaita Zvekunze

Mari dzokubudisa, zvibvumirano, uye ndyiko mumaforemu emichina zvinobvumira vanzveri, vatori venhau, uye masangano anotarira kuti vaongorore mitoo yokushandisa. Vhara mashoko anogona kuzivisa maatomassie(akadai sezvibvumirano kana mari zvakakura zvisinganzwisisiki zvinopfuudzwa kumatunhu akati(aposwo. U.S. Data.gov platform uye UK’s data.gov.uk irectal iyi nzira.

Zvishandiso Zvokushandisa PaIndaneti

Zvikuva zvemagetsi zvinogonesa vagari vemo kutora rutivi mukurukurirano dzemari dzinobva kunzvimbo ipi neipi. Zvishandiso zvakadai seConsul, Decidimim, uye zvabatanidzwa nesocial media zvinobvumira kupa mhinduro chaiyo yenguva chaiyo, kuzviisa pasi kwepfungwa, uye kuvhota pakushandisa zvinhu zvinokosha. Zvikuva izvi zvinoitawo chinyorwa chezvikamu zvezvikamu zvavose zvinogona kushandiswa kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire nokuda kwokufuratira nzanga.

Kuongorora uye Kuongorora

Ruzivo rwemichina yeblockchain runogovera bviro yezvinyorwa zvisingapindiri zvemitengo, kuchikuita kwakaoma kutsausa mari. Pachinongomuka, mabasa avatyairi vendege munyika dzakadai seGeorgia neEstonia akaratidzira chipikirwa mukuronda mari yavose. Ungwaru hwokugadzira zvinhu hunogona kushandiswawo kucherekedza mitoo inonyumwirwa mumashoko okuwana, kuderedza kunyengera kungabvira kusati kwakura.

Zviwanikwa Zvedzidzo Yemichina

Hurumende dzinogona kuita zvidzidzo zvepaIndaneti, zvokuratidzana, uye mitambo kuti dzidzidzise vagari vemo nezvokutsigira nemari. Somuenzaniso, "Mitambo inodzorwa nejekiseni" inobvumira vanoshandisa kuedza kuronga mari yokunyepedzera, kuvaka kunzwisisa kwezvokutengeserana. Kuwedzera kudzidza mari pakati pevanhu kunoita kuti pave nechisarudzo chakakurumbira chinoda tsika.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Mumari Inotsigirwa Nevanhu

Kuongorora mienzaniso chaiyo yenyika kunotipa zvidzidzo zvinokosha kuti tinyatsoshandisa sei tsika dzakanaka.

Kushandisa Mari MuPorto Alegre, Brazil

Kuvambira muna 1989, Porto Alegre akabvumira vagari kuti vasarudze nenzira yakananga nzira yokushandisa nayo chikamu chemari yeguta. Uyu muitiro wakatungamirira kukuvandudzwa kukuru muutsanana, dzidzo, uye dzimba, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzine urombo. Kuvimbisana kwezvakatipoteredza zvakakwira, uye mwero yeuori yakaderedzwa. Muenzaniso wacho wakanyandura nhano dzokuronga mari yokubetsera kupota nyika yose uye unodudzwa neWorld Bank somuitiro wakanakisisa nokuda kwehurumende inobatanidza zvose.

Hurumende Yakazaruka muUnited States

Yatangwa muna 2009, Hurumende yeU.S. Inopa mikana yokuita kuti hurumende ipedze mari yakawanda inopenya. Nomumapuratifomu akadai seUSASpending.gov uye kutangwa kwePublic Government Prineship, nhano dzakawedzera kusvika kwavose kumashoko pabvumirano, mari yezvikwereti, uye zvikwereti. Kunyange zvazvo zvinetso zvichiramba zviripo, zvakadai sokukwana kwemashoko nokushandiswa kwemari, urongwa hwokuita zvinhu hwakaita kuti hurumende ive chiratidzo chokuti ionekwe pasi pose.

Mabasa Okubudirira Kwenzanga muCanada

Hurumende yeCanada yakaita nzira dzemari dzakavakirwa pamitemo yemitemo nokuda kwenzanga dzemo, ichikurukura pamusoro penhau dzinofadza. Kupfurikidza nokugovera pfuma yakavakirwa pakushaiwa panzvimbo pechiverengero chavagari vemo bedzi, iyi mirau inovavarira kuvanza mikaha mugadziriro, tarisiro youtano, uye dzidzo. Muuyo wave uri kupfuudzira basa kwakaenzana zvikuru uye kubatana kwakasimba pakati pehurumende neMarudzi Okutanga.

Kuumba Grant muUnited Kingdom

National Lottery Community Fund yeUK inoda kuti vape vakumbiri varatidzire kuti zvirongwa zvavo zvichabetsera sei nzanga dzakasiana - siana ndokusimudzira wirirano. Zvisarudzo zvokushandisa zvinoitwa nematare anobatanidza vamiriri venzanga, achideredza ngozi yokubatwa nenyanzvi. Nzvero dzezvisarudzo dzechibharo, kuvimbisa kuti mubhadhari wemitero anokwanisa kuwana muuyo wenzanga.

Kuvaka Tsika Yokutsigira Musangano Wavose

Mari inotsigirwa navose haisviki kupfurikidza negadziriro imwe kana kuti ruzivo; inoda kuzvipira kwakasimba kuperero, kuoneka, uye kuvimbisana kwevagari vemo. Hurumende dzinofanira kuziva kuti mari yavose chinhu chinochengetedzwa chinoyera, kwete chishandiso chinofanira kushandiswa nokuda kwemhindu yezvamatongerwe enyika. Kupfurikidza nenheyo dzetsika dzetsika kumativi ose emari (kubva pakuronga kuyera) $we inogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti muripi wemitero unoshanda zvakanaka. Vagari vemo, nokuda kwerutivi rwavo, vanofanira kuramba vakangwarira uye vakaronzesa, vachishandisa maturusi okuona kuti vazvibate basa. Tinogona kuvaka gadziriro inofanirwa zvirokwazvo kuvimbwa nayo.