Kunzwisisa Zvikamu Zviduku Zvemashoko

Zuva nezuva, munhu anenge ari mutevedzeri anosangana nemazana emisoro, mapepanhau, mapepanhau, mavhidhiyo, uye zvinotsigirwa. Pamberi peInternet, vachengeti vemagedhi vakadai savapepeti venhau, vatarisiri vemari, uye vagadziri vedzidzo vakabatsira kuchenesa zvaisvika kune vanhu. Nhasi, masefa iwayo haapo. Mutoro wokusarudza kuti ndeechokwadi, chakavimbika, uye chinobatsira wave kutonyanya kuzivikanwa nomuravi. Kudzidza kuongorora mashoko hakuchisirizve unyanzvi hwedzidzo yedzidzo; ikwikwikwidza yekuva mugari wemo ane mutoro. Mischongeriesngi inogona kukanganisa mavhotation, kukanganisa utano hwavose, uye kushatisa chivimbo mumasangano. Kuziva unyanzvi hushomanene, unogona kuzvidzivirira uye nzanga yako kubva pakukuvadza mashoko akaipa.

Iyi nhungamiro inovakira pagadziriro yokuyera yakaisvonaka uye inopamura nemiitiro yazvino uno inoshandiswa navacherekedzi veidi navarindi veraibhurari. Kana uri kunzvera chirongwa chechikoro, kunzvera post yevhairasi, kana kuti kusarudza nzira yokuvhota nayo, nhano dzinotevera dzichakubetsera kuparadzanisa chiratidzo noruzha.

Nheyo: Kuziva Kwaunobva Mashoko

Mashoko aripo akasiyana - siyana kubva pamashoko asina kunyorwa kusvika pamashoko akapfupikiswa, uye rudzi rumwe norumwe rune simba rakasiyana uye rune zvarusingakwanisi.

Manyuko Makuru

Manyuko makuru anopa ufakazi hwakananga, humene. Mienzaniso inobatanidza nzvero yapakuvamba yakabudiswa mumagazini anorangarirwazve vezera, manyoro enhau, manyoro enhau, bvunzurudzo, mapepa edare, uye magwaro ehurumende. Betsero yavo huru ndeyokurevesa: unoona ufakazi pasina kududzira. Zvisinei, manyuko makuru anogona kuva akaoma kududzira pasina mashoko akapoteredza, uye mashoko asina kunyorwa anogona kuva asina kukwana kana kuti anounganidzwa nechero.

Misivi yeChimbiru

Manyuko ekarenda rekare anonzvera, kududzira, kana kuti kuisa zvinhu zvikuru. Funga nezvenyaya dzenhau, mafirimu evhidhiyo, mabhuku, uye hwirudzuro dzamabhuku. Manyuko echipiri akasanogadzirwa anochengetedza nguva kupfurikidza nokupeta nokuisa mashoko akapoteredza, asi nguva dzose ane magirazi akanyorwa anodudzira. Manyuko akanakisisa echipiri anodudza zvakajeka mashoko awo makuru kuti ugone kusimbisa kutaura.

Manyuko Emari

Manyuko akanyorwa akanyorwa anobatanidza mashoko anobva mumabhuku makuru neakare. MaEncyclopedia (kubatanidza Wikipedia), mabhuku, uye mapepa akagadzirirwa anopinda muboka iri. Akaisvonaka nokuda kwokuwana mashoko anokurumidza kana kuti kuwana mashoko makuru, asi haawanzogovera udzame hunodikanwa nokuda kwokuyera zvakasimba. Ashandise semapfundo okutanga, kwete zviremera zvokupedzisira.

Chishandiso Chokuongorora Chazvino Uno

Nzvero dzamagamuchidzanwa dzakadai seCRAAP (CREAP, Relevance, Chiremera, Une chinangwa) dzinoramba dzichibetsera, asi dzine ganhuriro mumhoteredzo yenzanga inofambiswa nokukurumidza. Misformation ipararira nokukurumidza kwazvo zvokuti haugoni kusiyira peji kunzvera mupimo mumwe nomumwe. Nyanzvi dzinoongorora idi dzakakudziridza mutoo unoshanda zvikuru unonzi [[FLT: 0]] kuverenga kwapamutevedzero [[FLT: 1]].

Kurava Kwapashure Kunorwisana Nokurava Kwakakwirira

Paunovhura nyaya yacho woramba uri pawebsite imwe cheteyo kuti uiongorore, uri kurava nenzira yakananga. Unotarira “Pa peji, purofiti, musi, uye nongedzero. Zvinonzwika kuti zvine musoro, asi ndezvipi chaizvo izvo manyuko anotaurwa nenyanzvi dzinoshandisa. Vanogona kugadzira mapeji ezvokuongorora“ pamusoro pa” uye zvipupuriro zvenhema. kuverenga nguva pfupi iripo kuti shai matura materuki matsva okuongorora zvinenge zvauri. Unotsvaka kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvinonzi zvinozivikanwa nemunyori, mubudisi, uye kutaura kuti utano huripo. [FLT:] hauravi, unoverenga pakavhara mashoko akaza pakaza pakaza pakaza paza pazaza + + + +.

Mupimo weChisarudzo chikuru (Wakavhurwa)

Zvinhu Zvinogona Kuwanikwa Zvaunogona Kuvimba Nazvo

Kunyange munzveri ane unyanzvi zvikurusa anoda betsero pane dzimwe nguva. Masangano anonzvera maidi akatevera akatanga zvinyorwa zvenhau dzisiri dzoupapatiti. Chinyorwa chinoaita kuti amire paunorega chimwe chinhu.

  • [FLT]Snopes:[[FT:3] nzvimbo yenhepfenyuro yekombiyuta inodzorwa kwenguva refu. Inofukidza ngano dzomumaguta, runyerekupe, uye kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika netsananguro.
  • [FLT]CK. :[[FLT] A chirongwa cheAnntenberg Policy Center kuUniversity of Pennsylvania. Inoreva zvikurukuru kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika uye kurasa mashoko enhema noufakazi.
  • [FOLT] :[[FTLT:3] iri yePoynter Institute isingagadzirisi purofiti. Inoshandisa “Truth-O-Meter" uye inoshandisa ururami hwemashoko anoitwa navezvamatongerwe enyika, ponditi, uye vhairasi. Ziva kuti inofukidza U.S., izvo zvinoreva kuti mamwe mashoko anowirirana.
  • Truthoffiction.com: Nzvimbo duku inonakisa kana kuti kubvisa mashoko anotenderera muemail, zvinobudisa nhau, uye mashoko echidimbu. Haizivikanwi zvikuru asi inobetsera nokuda kweguhwa.

Nokuda kwemashoko asina kururama enyika dzakawanda, rangarirawo Africa Cheki[[FLT: 1] (Africa), Idi Rakazara [ [Ufumu], uye Cheado[ (ChiLatin America). Vacherekedzi veidi vanoshanda pamwe chete ne [

Matanho Anoshanda Okuongorora Zuva Nezuva

Kufamba kwebasa kunotevera kunoumbwa nomugwagwa URI URI kugadzirwa naMike Caulfield, munzveri mukuru mumashoko eIndaneti. Yakagadzirirwa kuti ikurumidze uye irurame.

Danho 1: Mira

Kana mashoko akakuchidzira kurwadziwa kwepfungwa (8: Hasha, mufaro, kutya, kana kuti kushatirwa). Kusuduruka kwepfungwa kunopararira nokukurumidza nokuti kunokanganisa pfungwa.

Nhano 2: Nzvera manyuko acho

Vhara tabhu itsva uye tsvaka zita rewebsite, chinyorwa, kana kuti munyori ane mashoko akadai se “cheke yefact,” kana kuti“ factive," somuenzaniso, kana ukaona chati yakataurwa kuti yakabva ku “Institute for Health Metrics,” tsvaka “Institute for Health Metrics prosect" kana kuti “Institute for Health Metrics trandition.". Mumasekondi 60, unogona kuona kana kuti manyuko ane nhau yokuparadzira mashoko asina kururama.

Nhano 3: Wana mashoko anoshuviwa

Panzvimbo pokunzvera kutaura kwapakuvamba mukuparadzaniswa, tsvaka zvisakiso zvenhau zvakakurumbira kana kuti masangano edzidzo anotaura pamusoro penhau imwe cheteyo. kana manyuko akawanda akazvimirira, akakwirira achibvumirana pamusoro pamaidi, kutaura kungabvira kwakavimbika. Kana manyuko bedzi ari apakuvamba kana kuti mubatanidzwa wenzvimbo dzokudhindira, ivai nepanikiro.

Nhano 4: Tsaura mashoko apakuvamba emashoko akapoteredza

Mistinformation inowanzobvarura mashoko, nhamba, kana kuti mifananidzo mumashoko akapoteredza. Vhidhiyo inoratidza wezvematongerwe enyika anotaura chimwe chinhu chinonyadzisa ingava yabviswa mukutaura kurefu kunochinja revo. Shandisa zvishandiso zvokunzvera mifananidzo zvakadai seGoogle Images kana kuti Tineye kuti uwane mufananidzo wapakuvamba kana kuti vhidhiyo. Nokuda kworugwaro, nzvera chitsama chamashoko chakasiyana mumashoko kuti uwane manyuko apakuvamba. Ipapo bedzi unogona kusarudza kutaura kwacho nenzira yakarurama.

Mamwe Mazano Anoshanda

Makanganiso Chaiwo: Nhau, Zvinobudisa Nhau Zvenzanga, uye Zvinogutswa Nehosha

Kuongorora Zvinobudisa Nhau

Haasati ari manyuko ose enhau anosikwa akaenzana.

  • Muitiro wokubvisa: Zvibudiso zvinopa ruramiso dzakatanhamara uye dzinojeka. Kana usingagoni kuwana gadziridzo peji, kubudisa kungasaiswa kukururama.
  • [[FT:0] Vatendi venhau namakano: Nyaya yacho inorumbidza mutori wenhau ane zita here? Mutori wenhau iyeye anofukidza bhiti racho nguva dzose here? Nyaya dzisina kurongwa kana kuti zviri mukati zvisina kunyorwa pakuvamba hazvina kusimba.
  • Kupa mifungo: Zvikamu zveMirangariro, maero, uye tsinhiro zvinofanira kuratidzirwa zvakajeka. Apo murangariro unopiwa senhau, rusaruro runova rusingaoneki.

Kuongorora Zvinobudisa Nhau Zvenzanga

Zvikuva zvenzanga zvakagadzirirwa kuvimbisana, kwete kururama.

  • Kana ukatarisa pakanyorwa nyaya yacho, unozoziva here kuti yakanyorwa sei?
  • Tarisa patsinhiro. Kazhinji kazhinji, vacherekedzi veidi navashandisi vane zivo vanobvisa kutaura kwenhema mutambo. Gara na “New” kana kuti“ Revetai” kuona gadziridzo.
  • Shandisa zvishandiso zvakananga pachikuva. Twitter/X ine [[FT:0] Manotsi eCommony rutivi runowedzera mashoko akapoteredza kutuweti dzinotsausa. Facebook neInstagram zvinokubvumira kushuma mashoko enhema kuvacheki vedikano dzechitatu.

Zvikamu Zvine Mavhairasi (Memes, Mifananidzo, Mifanikiso)

Memes negiragraphics zvine ngozi zvikuru nemhaka yokuti dzinotaura muchimiro chinokwezva, chinowirirana. Usavimba mashoko nemhaka bedzi yokuti anoratidzika kuva akarovedzeka. Shandisa kunzvera kwapashure kuti uone apo mufananidzo wakatanga kuoneka. Mifananidzo yakawanda inotenderera kwamakore nenhamba dzechinyakare kana kuti dzakagadzirwa. Nguva dzose bvunza: “Ndiani akasika iyi, uye chii chiri zvinyorwa zvavo?”

Kuziva Zvinoitika Pamashoko Asina Kunaka

Kufunga kunoverengeka kunotiita kuti titapurwe:

  • Tsika dzinosimbisa: Tinofarira mashoko anosimbisa zvitendero zvedu zviripo. Kudzivisa ikoku, tsvaka nokushingaira manyuko akakwirira echiyero ayo anopesana nenzvimbo yako.
  • Muuyo wekusavapo: Kuratidzirwazve kukutaura kunokuita kuti kunzwe kuri kwechokwadi, kunyange kana kuri kwenhema. Ndicho chikonzero nei mashoko asina kururama achipararira nokukurumidza kwazvo kupfurikidza nokugoverana. Kutaura kumwe cheteko kunoonekwa kushamwari gumi dzakasiyana - siyana kunoratidzika kuva kwakavimbika pashure penguva yegumi.
  • Zvokwadi yokunyengera inoshanda:[ Kunyange kudzokororwa kumwe kunowedzera zvokwadi inozivikanwa yeshoko. Ndicho chikonzero nei kururamisa kuchiwanzokundikana; kutaura kwenhema kunova kwakarovedzeka zvikuru sezvakunodzokororwa. Nzviviriro yakanakisisa ndeyokudzivisa kugoverana chinhu chipi nechipi kusvikira wachisimbisa.
  • Muuyo wekushandisa: Vanhu vanoziva nhau yakaderera vanowanzova vanonyanyonyanyogona kuiyera. Vagari vemo vane mutoro vanoziva ganhuriro dzavo vamene uye vanodzidza kuna vanamazvikokota panzvimbo pokuidzinga.

Kuziva nezvepfungwa idzi hakusi mushonga wakawanda asi mushonga wokurapa.

Migodhi Yemitemo Nembariro Dzefiti

Zvokudya zvako zvemashoko zvinoumbwa namaarufabheti anogadzirirwa kukudza nguva pachikuva. Aya maarufabheti anodzidza chaunodhura, uye zvinokubatira zvikuru zvakafanana. Nokufamba kwenguva, unogona kuzviwana uri mukamuri rokudzokorora paunongosvika bedzi. Kurega kunoda chiito chamaune:

  • Tevera nhau dzinodenha murangariro wako asi dzichiri dzinodavirika (mh., kunyoresa kwadzisingachinji ku [[FT:0] Atlantic, kana kuti kutevera kwakasununguka [ National Review []).
  • Shandisa mashoko akagadzirwa se Alls, inoratidza misoro yenhau kubva kuruboshwe, pakati, uye kurudyi nokuda kwenhau imwe cheteyo.
  • Bvisa nhau yako yokutsvaka nemabhisikiti panhambo nenhambo, kana kuti shandisa kunzvera uri woga kuenzanisa miuyo yako yealgorith neredhi rakachena.
  • Sarudza maminitsi 15 pazuva kuti uverenge kubva kumanyuko erekodhi(* kufanana neAssociated Press, Reuters, kana kuti BBC) iyo inovavarira kushuma zvinhu zvisina kwazvakarerekera.

Kudzidzisa Vamwe: Kuva Netsika Yokufunga Kunotsoropodza

Chinodzivirira zvakasimba pakuudzwa mashoko asina kururama inzanga yevanhu vane unyanzvi uhwu. Heino nzira yaungabatsira nayo vakakupoteredza:

Tanga Kukurukura, Kwete Kunyora

Apo mumwe munhu anogoverana mashoko anopanikirika, usapindura ne “Ikoko inhema.” Ikoko kunonyandura kuzvidzivirira. Panzvimbo pezvo, iti: “Izvi zvinofadza. Waona kupi? Ndingada kunzvera kwakabva.” Rovedza muitiro wokurava nokukweva tab itsva pamwe chete. Bvunzai mibvunzo yakadai: “Chii icho Snopes anoreva?” kana kuti “Ichi chafukidzwa namashoko andanovimba nawo?

Dzidzisai Nzira Yokushandisa Pamusha

Fambai mitezo yemhuri − zvikurukuru vana navakuru — kupfurikidza namatanho mana: Stop, Reventigate, Wana kufukidzwa kunovimbwa, Trace yapakuvamba. Shandisai muenzaniso chaiwoiwo kubva munhau dzezuva iroro. Rovedzerai pamwe chete kusvikira mutoo wacho wava unoitika.

Kutsigira Kudzidza Nemichina Muzvikoro

Mutsigiri wekubatanidzwa kwemashoko muzvikoro. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvapachena zviripo, kubatanidza Online Reasoning Reading code kubva kuStanford History Education Group, iyo inogovera gadziriro dzefundo nenzvero dzechikoro chapakati kusvikira kukoreji. Maraibhurari anopawo zvirongwa zvenhau dzenhema neidi. Kurudzira raibhurari yomunzvimbomo kuisa rusando.

Ngwarira Kunyanyoruramisa

Vaongorori vakanakisisa havasi vaya vasingambonyengedzwi, asi vaya vanokurumidza kubatwa nenzira yakarurama.

mhedziso

Nzvero yemashoko muitiro, kwete chidzidzo chenguva imwe. Chinopoteredza chamagetsi chinochinja, uye nzira itsva dzokushandisa kushatisa dzinooneka nguva dzose. Kupfurikidza nokuzviisa umene mumavara anokosha , uchishandisa manyuko anokosha, uchishandisa kunzvera zvinyorwa zveidi, uye kuramba uchiziva nezvemifungo yako umene, unogona kutungamirira nzvimbo yamashoko nechivimbo. Kuva mugari wemo anotsamira pakuzvipira kuzvokwadi. Nguva iri yose usati wamira, usati wavhura tab itsva, kana kuti kubvunza mubvunzo unopanikirika, unosimbisa musengwano iwoyo. Kuzvipira iduku; mubayiro wacho unogona kuzivikanwa zviri nani, unokwanisa zvikuru kudzora utongi.