Chivako chehurumende yehurumende yehurumende chinokosha kunzwisisa kuti United States inoshanda sei. Iyi nhungamiro inogovera kupetwa kwakajeka kwehurumende yemubatanidzwa, mapazi ayo matatu, uye mabasa ayo akabatanidzwa. Kupfurikidza nokunzvera mapazu emitemo, ehurumende, uye edare muudzame(akabatana negadziriro yechekero nedzikamo izvo zvinobatanidza zviwirirano pamwe chete.) Iyi zivo inokosha kwete bedzi nokuda kwehurumende asi nokuda kwokuziva kuti mitemo inosikwa sei, inoshandiswa sei, uye inodudzirwa sei muupenyu hwezuva riri rose.

Kuverengazve kweHurumende Yehurumende Yakabudirira

Hurumende yeUnited States inovakwa pagadziriro yerartite yakatangwa neBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. (Mapazu matatu(elegislative, mukuru mukuru, uye mutongi) ane masimba akasiyana nemitoro, yakagadzirirwa kudzivisa chinhu chimwe nechimwe kuti chisadzora. Uku kuparadzana kwemasimba kunosimbiswa nemubatanidzwa wechekesi uye ganhuriro izvo zvinobvumira bazi rimwe nerimwe kuganhurira mabasa avamwe. Bumbiro reMitemo rinoisawo masimba akati kuhurumende uye kuvanhu, richiumba gadziriro yomubatanidzwa inodzikamisa chinzwano yorudzi nechiremera chomunzvimbomo.

Kunzwisisa ichi chimiro kunovamba nepfungwa yokuti hurumende yehurumende haina simba rose: chiremera chayo chinorondedzerwa nokudzorwa neBumbiro reMitemo. Chinyorwa chinoisa gadziriro yemaitirwe emitemo, kudzorwa, uye kutongwa, uye chinogona kugadziridzwa kuchinjira kumigariro inochinja. Pasi apa tinonzvera bazi rimwe nerimwe muudzame.

Bazu Romutemo

Bazu remitemo rine mutoro wokuita mitemo. ibhiharamel, yakaumbwa nedzimba mbiri: Dare neImba yaVamiririri. Pamwe chete vanoumba United States Congress, iyo inewo simba rechikwama, inozivisa hondo, uye inotarisira bazu guru.

Dare

Dare rinoumbwa navasandendi 100, nehurumende imwe neimwe inopiwa vatenzi vaviri pasinei zvapo nechiverengero chavagari vemo. Uku kumirira kwakaenzana kwakanga kuri kubvumirana pakati penyika huru neduku mukati meConstitution yeBumbiro reMitemo. Makamba anobatira mipimo yegore matanhatu, neanenge chikamu chimwe chetatu cheDare rinosimudzirwa nokuda kwokusarudza makore maviri ari ose. Masimba eDare echienzi anobatanidza kusimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi (yakadai semitezo yeCabinette nedare rehurumende) uye kubatira zvibvumirano nevhoti mbiri. Mutungamiriri weHurumende weUnited States anobatira saPrezidhenderidhendi weDare asi mavhotera bedzi kuputsa zvisungo.

Vamiriri vanomirira nyika yavo yose uye kazhinji kazhinji vanonangidzira ngwariro panhau dzorudzi dzakafara zvikuru. Dare rinorangarirwa kuva muviri unorerutsiranwa zvikuru, une mashoko marefu akaitirwa kukurudzira kufunga, kuisa chisarudzo chishoma mukusasarura. Mitemo yaro inobvumira nokuda kwechipfuro chevanaribuster(a chirevo chinogona kunonotsa kana kuti kuvhara mutemo kutoti kana kuti kutoti vhoti 60 vachibvumirana kugumisa gakava.

Imba Yavamiriri

Imba yavamiriri ine mitezo 435 inovhota, nenhamba yavamiriri vanobva munyika imwe neimwe yakavakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vemo chayo sezvinosarudzwa nokuverengwa kwavanhu kwegore negore. Mumiriri mumwe nomumwe anobatira shoko ramakore maviri, kureva zviso zvose zveImba zvakare makore maviri ari ose. Iyi nguva pfupi inochengeta vamiriri vachisanobatana namaruwa avo omunzvimbomo uye kugamuchira murangariro wavose.

Imba ine simba rakakwana rokutanga zvikwereti zvemari (mutero nokushandisa) uye vakuru vakuru vehurumende. The Speaker of House, akasarudzwa nebato roruzhinji, inzvimbo youtungamiriri ine simba. matare edzimba nematare maduku anoita basa guru rine udzame rokuhwirudzura mutemo uye masangano anotarisira.

Kuva Kunoita Bhiri

Gadziriro yomutemo ibasa guru reCongress. Mutemo unogona kutangwa mukamuri rimwe nerimwe (kunze kwemapepa emari emari, anofanira kutanga muImba). Pashure pokutanga, pamutemo unonongedzerwa kudare rakakodzera refundo, kunzwa, uye kuisa. Kana dare rikabvuma, mutemo unoenda kuuriri hwekamuri iroro nokuda kwekurukurirano, kugadziriswa, uye vhoti. Kana ikaiswa, inoenda kune imwe kamuri, ingapfuudza shanduro yayo. Misiyano pakati peshanduro mbiri inoyananiswa mudare. Shanduro yokupedzisira inotumirwa kuPurezidhente, uyo anogona kusaina mutemo, kana kuti kuubvumira kuva mutemo pasina kusaina pashure pemazuva gumi. Congress ingavation inopfuura imwe shanduro yadzose.

Matare Nezviremera

Mazhinjisa ebasa romutemo anoitika mumatare. Kune matare akamira (zvikurukuru, Appropriary, Foreign Relations), sarudza matare, matare esangano rimwe, uye matare emisangano. aya matare anonzvera mutemo unokarakadzwa, tarisiro dzedare, uye zvapupu zviduku. Gadziriro yedare rinobvumira Dare kutanga unyanzvi munharaunda dzakati dzemiitiro uye kunzvera kushambadzwa kwebazu guru remitemo.

Kupfuura kuita mutemo, Congress ine simba rokuzivisa hondo, kudzora kupambadza mari kwehurumende, uye kusimbisa kana kuti kuramba kugadza.Bumbiro reMitemo rinopawo Dare chiremera chokuzvidza ndokubvisa vakuru vakuru vomuhurumende, kubatanidza Purezidhendi, nokuda kwe “Kurangarira, Chiokomuhomwe, kana kuti mamwe Matsotsi makuru uye Misa.”

Bazu Rine Vatungamiriri

Bazu guru rine mutoro wokusimbisa nokuisa mitemo yehurumende. Rinotungamirirwa naPurezidhendi weUnited States, mukuru mukuru wehurumende uye mukuru mukuru wenyika. Purezidhendi anobatira shoko ramakore mana uye anogona kusarudzwazve nokuda kweimwe nguva, seyakagadzwa ne 22th Amendment. Bazu revakuru rinobatanidza Vice Presidential, Complete, masangano ehurumende, uye vashandi vazhinji vehurumende vanoita mabasa ehurumende zuva nezuva.

Kutungamirira

Purezidhendi ane mabasa makuru anoverengeka ebumbiro remitemo. SaMutungamiriri wemauto ane zvombo, Purezidhendi anogona kutungamirira mabasa ehondo, kunyange zvazvo Congress bedzi ichigona kuzivisa hondo. Somumiririri mukuru, Purezidhendi anotarisira ukama hwokunze kwenyika, anotaurirana, uye anogadza vamiririri. Somukuru mukuru, Purezidhendi anotarisira utarisiri hwehurumende, anovimbisa kuti mitemo inotoitwa nenzira yokutendeka, uye vakuru vakuru vedhipatimendi vakuru. Purezidhendi anewo basa remitemo: vanogona kurumbidza matanho kuCongress, kuendesa zvibvumirano zveHurumende yeUnion, uye mitero yeHurumende yeUnion.

Purezidhendi anosarudzwa kupfurikidza neElectoral College, gadziriro yakaoma kunzwisisa inopa mavhoti akavakirwa pamimiririri yenyika imwe neimwe muCongress. Mudaviri anofanira kuhwina mavhoti 270 avavhoti 270 vakasarudzwa kubva muna 538 kuti ave Mutungamiriri. Iyi gadziriro yakatungamirira kukurukurirano pamusoro pekuwirirana kwayo nevhoti yakakurumbira, asi inoramba iri mutoo webumbiro remitemo wokusarudza mukuru mukuru.

Mutungamiriri Mukuru Mukuru Nebudiriro

Vice Purezidhendi anotsigira Purezidhendi uye pakutanga mumutsara wenhevedzano kana Purezidhendi asingakwanisi kubatira nemhaka yorufu, kurega basa, kubvisa, kana kuti kubvisa. Muvi waMamyheria anobatirawo saPrezidhendi weDare, achivhota zvivhoti zvechisungo. Mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura, Mutungamiriri wePrezidhendi wePrezidhendi akatora mabasa makuru emiitiro. Gadziriro ye25 rinojekedza muitiro wokuzadza mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi uye kubvisa chinguva pfupi muchinoitika chourema.

Kabhineti Negadziriro Dzehurumende

Kabhini inoumbwa nemisoro yemadhipatimendi 15 makuru makuru (zvakadai seHurumende, Treasurer, Defense, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health and Urban Development, Energy, Educator, Education, Veterans Affairs, uye Homeland Security). Mitevedzero yeCabinette, inonzi Secrets (kunze kweAtterney General ye Department of Justice), inogadzwa naPrectory uye inosimbiswa neDare. Vanopari mukuru mukuru wehurumende pamikoro uye vanotarisira madhiro.

Kupfuura Kibitmatein, bazu rinotungamirira rinobatanidza masangano akawanda akazvimirira (jere, Environmental Protection Agency, NASA, Federal Reserve) uye vamiririri (zvikurukuru, Securities and Exchange Commission), Federal Commission). Masangano aya ane mwero yakasiana - siana yokuzvimirira mukudzora kwakananga kwapurezidhendi, kazhinji kazhinji kuva anoumbwa kuva anoumba dare kana kuti bipartarian kuti achengete kusasarura.

Mirayiridzo Yevatungamiriri uye Muitiro Wokumwe

Purezidhendi anogona kupa mirairo yavakuru vakuru yokutungamirira kushanda kwehurumende yehurumende. Mirairo ine chiremera ine simba romutemo asi inofanira kudzikamiswa muchiremera chemitemo chiripo kana kuti chebumbiro remitemo. Inogona kudenhwa mudare kana kuti kuchinjwa nomutsivi. Mumutemo wokumwe, Purezidhendi ane chiremera chikuru chokutungamirira kuwirirana, kukurukura zvibvumirano zvehurumende (zvisati zvichida kutenderwa neDare reSangano), uye kuziva hurumende dzokumwe. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogonawo kuita basa guru mumuitiro wechengeteko yenyika negadziriro yekurumidziro.

Bazu Rokutonga

Bazu redare rinotonga rinodudzira mitemo uye rinovimbisa kuti inoshandiswa zvakanaka. Rinoumbwa neDare Repamusorosoro uye matare ehurumende epasi pevhu, kusanganisira Dare Rekukwirira neDare Roruwa.

Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa

Dare rapamusorosoro idare rapamusoro zvikurusa munyika uye rine chirevo chokupedzisira pamusoro pekakavadzano dzapamutemo, zvikurukuru idzo dzinobatanidza Bumbiro remitemo. Rinoumbwa nevatongi vapfumbamwe(rimwe Mutongi Mukuru naVatongi vasere vanosonganirana navo (h) avo vanogadzwa nokuda kwoupenyu naPurezi ndokusimbiswa neDare. Upenyu hunodzivirira ruramisiro padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika uye hunovabvumira kuita zvisarudzo zvakavakirwa pamutemo panzvimbo pomufungo wavose.

Dare Gurusa rine simba rapakuvamba mumhaka dzinobatanidza nhume, vashumiri vehurumende, uye makakatanwa pakati pehurumende, asi rakawanda zvikurusa rebasa raro rinobva muhurumende inodzorwa. Rinonzwa chiverengero chakaganhurirwa chenhau gore rimwe nerimwe (inenge 60-80), rikasarudzwa muzviuru zvemikumbiro kupfurikidza nomuitiro wecertiorari. Vatongi vana vanofanira kuvhota kuti vanzwe nhau. Mirangariro yeDare inogadza mipimo iyo inosunga matare ose akaderera mugadziriro yomubatanidzwa.

Matare Echibharo

Matare eHurumende akaderera eUnited States anobatanidza 94 Courts of Appeals (matare eDare reDare rePuriro) uye 13 Dare reRefulegitari reUnited States rinofukidza nharaunda yenzvimbo yepasi nedare rePurezi nemhosva dzavagari vemo. Matare eruwa anotanga kubata mhaka dzehurumende nemhosvo dzamatare edare reHurumende. Zvikumbiro zvinobva kuDare reDzikwata rePuniontscains zvinoenda kuDare Rezvikwidzo, izvo zvinohwirudzura chinyorwa chenhau dzemitemo. Dare rimwe nerimwe reNhetembo Yedunhunhu rinofukidza nzvimbo, uye Federal Frirtl Courtryssssssss arectivessssssss anokwanisa kukwirira kuDare Rapamusoro, asi Dare Repamusoro Rinofanira kudzorwa kuti rinzwe dare riri rose.

Kunewo matare chaiwo ehurumende akadai seDare reUnited States reInternational Trade, Dare reUnited States reFederal Ponties, uye Dare reMitero reU.S. Dare reSangano reDare reMitero reHurumende rakasununguka uye rinozviita risingazvishandisi, neDare Rinodzora reUnited States rinoita mitemo uye hofisi yeDare reU.S.

Judicial Review naMarbury v. Madison

Kuhwirudzura jaji / simba rematare ehurumende rokuzivisa mitemo kana kuti zviito zvokutonga zvisina kuwirirana nehuru hwebazu. Kunyange zvazvo risina kutaurwa zvakajeka muBumbiro remitemo, simba rakatangwa muchiratidzo Marbury v. Simba redare rehurumende . Mutongi mukuru John Marshall akarangarira kuti ibasa rejudicary kududzira mutemo uye kuti Bumbiro remitemo ndiwo mutemo mukurusa wenyika. Naizvozvo, mutemo upi noupi unorwisana neBumbiro remitemo hauna chinhu. Iri simba rinogonesa Dare Gurusa rekunzvera mamwe mapazu ndokudzivirira maruramiro.

Makeja Nedzikamo

Hurumende yeUnited States inoshanda mugadziriro yechekero nedzikamo, ichivimbisa kuti hakuna bazu rimwe rinova nesimba zvikuru. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rine masimba chaiwo okuganhurira mamwe, uye zviito zvakawanda zvehurumende zvinoda batira pamwe pakati pamapazu.

Kupindirana Pakati Pemapazi

Congress inogona kukurira vhoti yapurezidhendi nezvikamu zviviri muzvitatu mumakamuri ose ari maviri. Purezidhendi anogona kuisa mutemo, asi Congress anogonawo kuramba kutsigira zvinhu zvinokosha zvaPurezidhendi. Vatongi vanogona kuputsa mitemo inopfuudzwa neDare ndokusainwa naPrezidhente kana ikaputsa Bumbiro reMitemo. Panguva ino, Purezidhendi anogadza vatongi vehurumende, kubatanidza matare makuru, anodzorwa neSanihedhe, izvo zvinopa pesvedzero yeSani reChibvumirano panhau yejaji.

Congress inewo simba rokuzvidza ndokubvisa Purezidhendi, Junier, uye vatongi vehurumende nokuda kwe “Utsotsi Hukuru neMisdemirs.” Imba inovamba kudzorwa nevhotiwo zvayo yavazhinji; Dare ipapo rinotonga uye rinogona kusungwa nevoruzhinji vaviri nezvitatu. Kupa chisarudzo kwakashandiswa munhau kashomanene bedzi, asi tyisidziro yacho inoshanda secherekedzo pamusoro pomufambiro wakakwirira.

Mirayiro Yavatungamiriri Nematare

Mirairo yavakuru vakuru inogona kudenhwa mudare kana ikapfuura chiremera chaPurezidhendi kana kuti rwisano nomutemo uripo. Somuenzaniso, matare akavhara mirairo pakupinda munyika, mitoo yemhoteredzo, uye chengeteko yenyika apo yakawanikwa kuva isingawirirani kana kuti kunyanyisa. Iyi nzvero yedare inovimbisa kuti bazu rinotungamirira rigare mukati ganhuriro dzaro dzebumbiro remitemo.

Gadziriro Nokusimbisa

Purezidhendi anoisa vanhu vamwe navamwe nokuda kwenzvimbo dzakakwirira, asi Dare rinofanira kuvasimbisa (kunze kwokugadza kwechinguvana). Ikoku kunopa Dare nzvero ine simba pavashandi vomukuru mukuru. Nenzira yakafanana, Dare rinosimbisa vatongi vose vomuhurumende, avo vanogona kuumba pfungwa yejaji kwamakumi amakore. Purezidhendiwo ane simba rokukanganwira mhaka dzehurumende, idzo dzinogona kunzvera ukoshi hwedare asi hunodzorwa nokuzvidavirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kutarisira Kunoitwa Nevarwi

Congress inotungamirira bazi guru kupfurikidza nokutongwa kwedare, kunzvera, zviputu, uye simba rechikwama. Government Accountability Office (GAO) neCongregational Baccul Backestration Office (CBO) zvinogovera kunzvera kusina mativi enyika. Uku kutarisira kunovimbisa kuti masangano ehurumende ashandise mitemo seinoitwa uye anobhadhara mari yemitero nenzira inobudirira.

mhedziso

Kunzwisisa chirongwa chehurumende yehurumende yehurumende kunokosha nokuda kwokuziva kuti mitemo inoitwa sei, inoitwa sei, uye inotsanangurwa sei muUnited States. Mapazu matatu(legislative, mutungamiriri, uye mutongi) ane mabasa akasiyana, asi anoumbwa negadziriro yecheki nedzikamo izvo zvinodzivisa bazu rimwe nerimwe kudzora. Kuvambira paBidameral Congress uye kudzorwa kwapurezidhendi kusvikira kujudiary yakazvimirira nesimba rokuhwirudzura, bazi riri rose rutivi rwegadziriro yakarongwa nenzira yokungwarira.

Iyi nzvero yakavakirwa yagovera kunzvera kune udzame pachivako chehurumende. Nokuda kwokuravazve, nzvera mawebsite apamutemo e , , [[FLT] House of Advessistrations[, House yevhu, [[[FLT]], uye [[FLT] Dare reSault] [FLT]. Rugwaro rwakazara rweBumbiro remitemo runowanika pa [FLT].[FLT:]