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Kunzwisisa Kukamukana Kwesimba muHurumende yeAmerica

United States inoshanda mugadziriro yechienzi yokutonga inozivikanwa sehurumende, umo simba rinokamurwa pakati pehurumende huru yorudzi nehurumende dzavanhu. Ichi chimiro chamativi maviri chinoparira gadziriro yakaoma asi inobudirira yokutarisira rudzi rwakasiana - siana rwavanhu vane mamirioni 330 vakapararira munyika 50. Kunzwisisa musiano pakati pemitoro yehurumende nehurumende kunokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa kuti mitemo inoumbwa sei, kuti mitemo inoitwa sei, uye kuti vagari vemo vanoshandira sei pamwero yakasiana - siana yehurumende muupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva.

Murangariro wehurumende wakaitwa nokungwarira neVavambi veMadzibaba sekubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira pakati paavo vaida hurumende huru neavo vaitya simba guru. Iyi tsika inobvumira zvose zviri zviviri chinzwano chorudzi panhau dzinokosha uye kuzvimirira kwomunzvimbomo panhau dzinosiana nenharaunda, tsika, uye nzanga. Muuyo idzikamo huru yesimba yakavapo kwaanopfuura mazana maviri amakore, kuchinjira kumigariro inochinja nepo ichichengeta nheyo dzamabumbiro emitemo.

Hurumende Yenyika: Chiremera Chenyika uye Mabasa

Hurumende yehurumende inobatira sechiremera chinodzora chikurusa cheUnited States yose, inoshandisa masimba anodudzwa zvakananga muBumbiro remitemo. Aya masimba, anowanzonzi "masimba akagadzwa" kana kuti "masimba akagadzwa," akaganhurirwa namaune kudzivisa rudzi rwoudzvinyiriri vagari vomumakoroni vakawana mukutonga kweBritain. Zvisinei, mukati moukuru hwayo hwakarondedzerwa, hurumende yehurumende inoshandisa chiremera chakati pamusoro penhau dzinotapura rudzi rwose.

Kutangwa kweBumbiro reMitemo reSimba reFederal

Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa masimba ehurumende akananga kupfurikidza neChikamu I, Chikamu 8, icho chinoratidzira chiremera cheCongress. Aya masimba anobatanidza mano okudzora kutengeserana pakati penyika, mari, kutanga mahofisi epositi, kuzivisa hondo, kusimudza nokutsigira, uye kuita kuti mitemo yose ive iri madikanwa uye yakakodzera nokuda kwokuita masimba ayo ebumbiro remitemo. Iyi rugwaro rwokupedzisira, runozivikanwa se "Nacessary and Monow Claus" kana kuti "Elastic Clauslease," rwakaturikwa zvakaturikwa zvikuru munguva isati yapfuura, kuchibvumira hurumende yomubatanidzwa kukudza nzvimbo dzayo dzisati dzadudzwa zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo.

Chikamu chinonzi Supremacle, chinowanwa muChikamu VI cheBumbiro reMitemo, chinosimbisa kuti mutemo wehurumende unotanga kudarika mutemo wenyika kana paine kupesana pakati pezvinhu zviviri izvi.

Kudzivirira Kwenyika Nemabasa Ehondo

Rimwe rebasa rinokosha zvikurusa rehurumende yehurumende nderokudzivirira nyika patyisidziro dzokunze nokuchengeta kugadzirira kwehondo. Dhipatimendi reUniversity rinotarisira mabazu ose emauto akashongedzwa, kubatanidza Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, uye Space Force. Purezidhendi anoshanda seMutungamiriri weGuta rehondo, nepo Congress ane simba rokuzivisa hondo uye mari yakafanira nokuda kwemabasa okudzivirira.

Kuchengeteka kwenyika hakurevi kuungana kwematongerwe enyika kuti kuve kubatanidzwa kwemasangano okuunganidza vanhu, kugadzira zvinhu zvemakombiyuta, uye kurwisa ugandanga. Zvirongwa zvakadai seCentral Intelligence Agency, National Security Agency, uye Department of Homeland Security zvinoshanda kuti zvizivise uye zvisakuvadza zvityisidziro zvisati zvagona kukuvadza vagari veAmerica kana kuti zvavanofarira. Hurumende inochengetedzawo zvibvumirano zvine chokuita kuti pave nezvibvumirano zvine chokuita nounyanzvi zvakadai seNATO nezvinodzivirira zvinobatsira kuchengetedza nyika yose.

Muitiro Wokumwe Noukama Hwemarudzi Ose

Hurumende yehurumende ine chiremera chakakwana pamusoro pomuitiro wokumwe, kufambidzana, uye ukama hwamarudzi ose. Hurumende, inotungamirirwa noMunyori weHurumende, inotarisira ukama hwemibatanidzwa nenyika dzinoda kusvika 200 kupota nyika. Ikoku kunobatanidza kuwiriranisa zvibvumirano, kutumira vakuru vakuru vokumwe, uye kumirira fariro dzeAmerica mumasangano amarudzi ose akadai seUnited Nations, World Trade Organization, uye World Health Organization.

Tsamba dzezvokutengeserana dzinodzorwa nehurumende, neUnited States Trade Decare Administration Appending Treader Appending izvo zvinogona kutapura zvikuru upfumi hweAmerica. Zvibvumirano izvi zvinotapura chinhu chiri chose kubva kumabasa okutengesa nokutengesa nokugadzira zvinhu, uye zvinoda kusanodzikamisa fariro dzomumba nebatira pamwe yenyika yose. Hurumende yehurumende inotarisirawo zvirongwa zvokuyamura zvokumwe, zvirango zvemari, uye zvimwe zvishandiso zvepesvedzero dzamarudzi ose izvo zvinobetsera kufambisira mberi zvinangwa zveAmerica zvebasa rebhizimisi.

Kutama uye Kudzora Muganhu

Gadziriro yokutora ibasa rehurumende bedzi, inotarisirwa zvikurukuru kupfurikidza neBato reHomeland Security namasangano ayo anotsigira, kubatanidza Rusando rweU.S. uye Dhipatimendi rokubatanidza Hurumende, Kuchinja uye Customs Enforcement, uye Customs and Borders Protection. Hurumende yehurumende inosarudza kuti ndiani anogona kupinda munyika, mumamiriro ezvinhu api, uye kwenguva yakareba sei. Inoitawo kuti pave nohugaro uye inodzora kudzingwa kwavanhu vanoputsa mitemo yokupinda munyika.

Chengeteko yomuganhu inobatanidza kudzivirira zviuru zvamakiromita enyika nemiganhu yegungwa, kuongorora mamiriyoni avafambi pazviteshi zvokupinda, uye kudzivisa kubuda nokunyepedzera zvisiri pamutemo. hurumende yehurumende inoisa mabhiriyoni emadhora gore negore mugadziriro dzemiganhu, vashandi, uye ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kuchengeta perero yemiganhu yenyika nepo ichishambadzira kutengeserana kwapamutemo uye kufamba kunobetsera upfumi.

Kupindirana Nezvokutengeserana Munyika Yose

Commerce Claus weBumbiro reMitemo rinopa Congress simba rokudzora kutengeserana pakati penyika uye nenyika dzokumwe. Iri chiremera rakadudzirwa zvakafara kuti ripedze mabasa akawanda ezvemari, kubva pakugadzira nokurima kusvika pakubhangisa mari uye kukurukurirana nefoni. Masangano eFederal Trade Commission neSecuries neExchange Commission anoita kuti mitemo yakagadzirirwa kusimudzira makwikwi akakwana, kudzivirira vatengi, uye kuchengeta kugadzikana kwemisika yemari.

Gadziriro dzezvokufambisa dzinopfuura nyika dzinova pasi petarisiro yehurumende, kubatanidza migwagwa yepasi, njanji, ndege, uye midziyo. Department of Transportation inogadza mipimo yekotsekano, inogovera mari nokuda kwegadziriro dzemibato yedzidzo, uye inoronga miitiro inovimbisa kufamba zvakanaka kwavanhu nezvinhu munyika yose. Federal Aviation Administration inodzora mativi ose endege dzechininoloji, nepo Federal Ral Raustrand Administration inotarisira kuchengeteka nokubudirira kwenjanji.

Mitemo Yemari Negadziriro Dzemari

Hurumende yehurumende ine chiremera chakakwana chokuumba mari ndokudzora ukoshi hwayo, simba rinoshandiswa kupfurikidza neFederal Reserve System neDhipatimendi reVhipatimendi. Federal Reserve, inowanzonzi "Federal," inoshanda sebhangi guru renyika, inodzora gadziriro yemari kusimudzira basa rakawanda, mitengo yakatsiga, uye mwero yemhindu yapakati penhambo refu. Kupfurikidza nemibato yemubereko, migariro yemari yeFad yemari mumativi ose enyika yose.

Dare reTreasure rinotarisira mari yehurumende, rinounganidza mitero kupfurikidza neInternal Revolution Service, rinogadzira mari nemari kupfurikidza neBureau of Encraving and Empirect neFreederal Minishuwarensive. Mabasa aya anokosha kuchengetedza dzikamo yemari nokuvimbisa kuti hurumende inogona kutsigira mabasa ayo nemisengwa. Mitemo yebhangi yemabhangi, inodzorwa namasangano akafanana neHofisi yePhondo yePentella neFederal Deposit Insessocior Agement Corporation, dziviriro yemari uye tsigiro yemari inochengeta chivimbo mugadziriro yemari.

Chengeteko Yenzanga Negadziriro Dzebetsero Dzamagariro

Hurumende yehurumende inogovera zvirongwa zvebetsero huru zvinoverengeka zvinogovera chengeteko yemari kumamirioni eAmerica. Rusununguko rwenzanga, rwakagadzwa muna 1935, runogovera kurega basa, urema, uye mupukunyuki betsero kuvashandi vanokwaniriswa nemhuri dzavo. Medicare inopa inishuwarenzi youtano kuvaAmerica vane makore 65 navakuru, pamwe chete navanhu vaduku vakati vakaremara. Zvirongwa izvi zvinobhadharwa kupfurikidza nemitero inobhadharwa uye inomirira zvimwe zvendyiko hurusa mubhadharo yehurumende.

Humwe hurongwa hwebetsero dzehurumende hunobatanidza Security Indal Infinior yavanhu vakwegura vanotambira mari shoma uye vakaremara, betsero dzavagara nebasa dzinogoverwa kupfurikidza neBato reVeterans Affairs, uye kubatira pamwe kweinishuwarenzi yourovha negadziriro dzehurumende. Hurumende yehurumende inodzorawo Islarence Conteration Application Program yeSworvice, inowanzozivikanwa sezviteshi zvezvokudya, izvo zvinobetsera mhuri dzinowana mari shoma dzinova nezvokudya zvakakwana.

Kumanikidzwa Kwomutemo Wehurumende Neruramisiro

Nepo kuchengetwa kwomutemo kwakawanda kuchiitika pamwero yehurumende neyomunzvimbomo, hurumende inochengeta masangano ayo amene anodzika mutemo kuti apedze mhaka idzo dzinoparirwa nemitemo, dzinobatanidza zvinhu zvomubatanidzwa, kana kuti kuwira pasi pemiraudzo chaiyo yehurumende. Federal Bureau of Investigation inobatira sesangano guru rehurumende rokuongorora, kubata nhau dzinobatanidza ugandanga, utsotsi hwakarongwa, ushati hwavose, uye kuputswa kwomutemo wehurumende weutsotsi. Drugn Enforcement Administration inonangidzira pakurwisa kutengesa mirimo nemibatanidzwa inoshanda munyika dzakawanda nemiganhu yenyika yose.

Gadziriro yedare rehurumende, inotungamirirwa neDare reChirevo Chapamusorosoro, inodudzira mutemo wehurumende neBumbiro reMitemo. matare eFederal ane chiremera pamusoro penhau dzinobatanidza mutemo wehurumende, gakava pakati pehurumende, nhau dzinobatanidza hurumende dzokumwe kana kuti vamiririri vehurumende, uye dzimwe nhau dzinodudzwa muBumbiro remitemo. Department of Justice, rinotungamirirwa neAttorney General, rinomirira United States munhau dzemitemo uye rinopa zano rapamutemo kuPrezidhente namasangano ebazu anotungamirira.

Hurumende: Chiremera Chomunharaunda uye Kutonga Kwenharaunda

State governments possess what are known as "reserved powers" under the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution, which states that powers not delegated to the federal government nor prohibited to the states are reserved to the states or to the people. This gives states considerable autonomy to govern according to the needs and preferences of their residents, resulting in significant variation in laws, policies, and services across the 50 states.

Mafomu Ebumbiro reMitemo reHurumende

Hurumende imwe neimwe inoshanda pasi pebumbiro remitemo rayo, iro rinosimbisa chimiro chehurumende yehurumende uye rinorondedzera masimba neganhuriro zvavakuru vakuru vehurumende. Mabumbiro emitemo anokomba kuva akareba zvikuru uye ane udzame zvikuru kupfuura Bumbiro remitemo rehurumende, kazhinji kazhinji achikurukura nharaunda dzakati dzemitemo uye kubatanidza gadziriro dzinoratidzira nhau yakasiana nemipimo yehurumende imwe neimwe. Iyi mitemo inogona kuchinjwa kupfurikidza nemiitiro yakasiana- siyana, zvikurukuru inobatanidza tendero yemitemo nemuvhoti.

Kufanana nehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, masangano mazhinjisa anoronga hurumende dzawo kuva mapazu matatu: vakuru vakuru, vatongi, uye vatongi. Gavhuna anobatira savakuru vakuru, vagadzi vemitemo vehurumende vanogadzira mitemo yehurumende, uye matare ehurumende anodudzira mitemo iyoyo negakava remhesano. Zvisinei, zvivako chaizvo namasimba amapazu iwaya zvinosiana zvikuru munyika nehurumende, nedzimwe nyika dzine mirairo yemisi nedzimwe nedzinochengeta vagadziri vemitemo venguva yakazara.

Dzidzo: Ibasa Rehurumende Repamusorosoro

Dzidzo zvichida mutoro unokosha zvikurusa wehurumende dzehurumende, ichishandisa chikamu chikurusa chemari yehurumende. Nyika dzinotanga mipimo yedzidzo, dzinosarudza zvinodikanwa zvedzidzo, dzinogadza mipimo yezvirongwa zvokunyora magwaro epepa omudzidzisi, uye dzinogovera mari kumaruwa ezvikoro zvomunzvimbomo. Mabhodhi edzidzo namadhipatimendi edzidzo anotarisira kuitwa kwemiitiro yedzidzo uye dzinovimbisa kuwirirana nezvinodikanwa zvehurumende nehurumende.

Hurumende dzinosarudza mitemo yedzidzo yepamusoro, uye dzinogadza masangano anodzora nokuda kwemasangano aya. Kubudirira uye kukwanisa kwedzidzo yavose kunosiyana zvikuru munyika dzose, zvichiratidza kuti zvinhu zvinokosha, pfuma, uye uzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kuchengeteka Kworuzhinji Nomutemo

Mitemo ine mutoro mukuru wokuchengeta chengeteko yavose nokuisa mitemo youtsotsi. Mapurisa ehurumende kana kuti masangano anoongorora migwagwa inopinza mutemo wemotokari anomanikidzira mitemo yemotokari ndokunzvera mhaka panzvimbo nemigwagwa mikuru. Mitemo inorondedzerawo mhaka dzoutsotsi zhinjisa kupfurikidza nemitemo yavo yechirango, kutanga zvirango nokuda kwokuputsa, uye kushandisa zvivako zvokururamisa kuti vaparadzi vapiwe.

Mitezo inodzora mabasa nemabasa kupfurikidza nezvinodikanwa zvokudzivirira utano hwavanhu nekotsekano. Ikoku kunobatanidza kuchengetedzwa kwavanachiremba, vakoti, magweta, vadzidzisi, vagadziri vedzimba, nyanzvi dzezvokugadzira zvinhu, uye mamwe mabasa akawanda. Mitemo inodzorawo mabhizimisi anoshanda mukati memiganhu yayo, ichigadza mipimo nokuda kwekotsekano yebasa, dziviriro yavatengi, uye kudzorwa kwemhoteredzo. Izvi zvirongwa zvemiitiro zvinogona kusiana zvikuru pakati penyika, kuparira zvinetso zvemabhizimisi anoshanda mumibatanidzwa yemitengo mizhinji.

Kugadzirwa Kwezvifambiso

Apo hurumende yehurumende inotarisira gadziriro dzokufambisa dziri pakati penyika, hurumende dzinotarisira mativi mazhinjisa emigwagwa, mabhiriji, uye gadziriro dzokufambisa dzavose mukati memiganhu yayo. Madhipatimendi ehurumende egadziriro dzezvokufambisa, kuvaka, uye kuchengeta migwagwa yehurumende, anobatira pamwe nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo muzvirongwa zvokufambisa, uye anogovera mari yokufambisa yehurumende iyo inopfuura nomumasangano ehurumende. Mitezo inodzorawo kunyoreswa kwemotokari, uye mitemo yemotokari, kunyange zvazvo iyoyi yakava inova inodzikamiswa nenzira inowedzera mutsika kupfurikidza namasangano ehurumende nezvinonyandura zvomubatanidzwa wenyika.

Nyika dzakawanda dzinotarisira zvifambiso zvavose, kusanganisira zvitima zvinofambiswa nevanhu, mabhazi, uye mabasa okufambisa magwa.

Utano Nemabasa Avanhu

Masangano ezvoutano ehurumende anoongorora kupararira kwehosha, anoongorora maresitorendi nezvokudya, anodzora zvivako zvokutarisira utano, uye anoshandisa gadziriro dzoutano dzevanhu dzinobata nhau dzakadai semajekiseni okudzivirira utano hwaamai, uye kudzivirira zvirwere zvisingaperi.

Medicaid, gadziriro yeinishuwarenzi youtano yavanhu vanowana mari shoma, inotsigirwa pamwe chete nehurumende dzehurumende nehurumende asi inodzorwa nehurumende. Hurumende imwe neimwe inogadzira purogiramu yayo yeMedicaid munhungamiro dzehurumende, inosarudza zvisakiso zvayo, mabasa akafukidzwa, uye mari inobhadharwa nokuda kwemigove. Ikoku kunoguma nemhatsa huru muMedicaid inofukidza nyika dzose, nedzimwe nyika dzichipa betsero dzinopa rupo kuchiverengero chakafara chavagari vemo nepo dzimwe dzichichengeta mapurogiramu anoganhurira zvikuru.

Mitezo inoshandisawo gadziriro dzokutsigira vana nemhuri, kubatanidza mabasa egarikano yavana, kurera vana, mabasa okurera vana, uye zvirongwa zvevanhu vane urema hwokukura.Masangano ehurumende anonzvera mishumo yokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana nokuregeredzwa, anogovera betsero dzokubetsera mhuri kugara pamwe chete apo kunobvira, uye kuwana misha yechigarire nokuda kwavana vasingagoni kuramba vakachengeteka navabereki vavo vokubereka.

Manyuko Okusika Nedziviriro Yemhoteredzo

Nyika dzinotarisira zvinhu zvomusikirwo mukati memiganhu yadzo, kubatanidza masango, zvicherwa zvemvura, uye mhuka. Masangano ehurumende anobvumira kubudisa zvinhu, kudzora kuvhima nokuredza, kutarisira nzvimbo dzehurumende nenhandaro, uye kushanda kudzikamisa kukura kwezvemari nokuchengetedza mhoteredzo. Kodzero dzemvura dzinokosha zvikurukuru munyika dzakawanda, zvikurukuru kuMadokero asina mvura, umo nyika dzakatanga gadziriro dzakaoma dzokuvaka upfumi hwemvura hushoma pakati pevashandisi vanokwikwidzana.

Kudzivirirwa kwemhoteredzo kunobatanidza zvose zviri zviviri zviremera zvehurumende nehurumende, asi hurumende dzinowanzoshandisa uye dzinoshandisa mitemo yemhoteredzo mukati menzvimbo dzadzo. masangano emhoteredzo ehurumende anotarisira mhepo nemvura, nhau dzinobvumidza nzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu, dzinotarisira kuraswa kwetsvina, uye dzinoita njodzi dzemhoteredzo sekurasika kwemakemikari. Dzimwe nyika dzakashandisa mipimo yemhoteredzo inopfuura zvinodiwa nehurumende, ichiratidza zvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru zvemhoteredzo kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu omunzvimbomo akasiyana - siyana.

Kusarudza Nokurumbidza

Nyika dzine mutoro mukuru wokuitisa sarudzo, kunyange nokuda kwemahofisi ehurumende akaita saPurezidhendi neCongress. United States inosarudza miitiro yokuvhota, kutanga nzvimbo dzokuvhota, mavhota, uye nyora mavhoti. Iyi tsika yakaisvonaka inobvumira nyika kubvumira kuronga miitiro yesarudzo nezvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo, asi inoparirawo kusiyana mukuwana nokuvhota munyika yose. United States inosarudza kana ichizogovera kuvhota kwapakuvamba, kuvhota, kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe, uye mimwe miitiro inotapura kuti vagari vemo vanotora sei muhurumende inosarudzwa.

Masangano ehurumende anonyora miganhu yezvigaro zvehurumende nezvigaro zvehurumende, muitiro unozivikanwa sokuzvibatanidza kunoitika makore gumi oga oga pashure pokuverengwa kwavanhu. Uyu muitiro unogona kupesvedzera zvikuru migumisiro inosarudzwa uye wazova wenharo sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzira mapurani anogadzirwa namabwe runowedzera runoita kuti pave namasangano chaiwo okuzvimirira kuti vasare kuderedza miganhu yoruwa.

Simba Riripo: Mitoro Yehurumende Neyapanyika

Mabasa akawanda ehurumende anobatanidza zvose zviri zviviri zviremera zvehurumende nehurumende zvinoshanda pamwe chete, pane dzimwe nguva pamwe chete uye pane dzimwe nguva munyanduko. aya masimba akabatana anoparira gadziriro yakaoma yehurumende inoda kushandira pamwe, kurukurirano, uye rwisano dzapanhambo nenhambo kupfurikidza nematare. Kunzwisisa aya mabasa akagoveranwa kunokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa kuti mitemo inotoitwa sei chaizvoizvo uye kuti vagari vemo vanowana sei mabasa ehurumende.

Kubhadhara Mutero uye Kuunganidza Mari

Hurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende dzose dziri mbiri dzine simba rokubhadhara mitero yepevy, zvichiguma nemitero yakaoma inotapura vanhu nemabhizimisi pamwero wakasiyana - siyana. Hurumende yehurumende inotsamira zvikurukuru pamitero yemari, mitero yemitero yemitero, uye mitero yemakambani kutsigira mabasa ayo. Hurumende dzinoshandisa mhatsa yemari inowanwa, kubatanidza mitero yemari, mitero yemari, mitero yezvinhu, uye mitero yemitero yemari pazvinhu zvakati sepetro, chinwiwa chinodhakairwa, uye fodya. Dzimwe nyika hadzina mari inobhadharwa, panzvimbo pemitero yemitero yokutenga nemimwe mitero nemimwe mitero, nepo inotsamira zvikuru pamitero yemari inobhadharo.

Iyi gadziriro yemitero miviri inogona kuparira kuoma nokuda kwemitero yose iri miviri, iyo inofanira kuwirirana nemitemo yose yomubatanidzwa nemitero yehurumende iyo ingava nemirau yakasiana nokuda kwezvitsauso, zvikwereti, uye zvinodikanwa zvokushuma. Zvisinei, inogoverawo mwero yose iri miviri yehurumende nezvinodikanwa kuti iite mitoro yazvo yakasiyana. Mitemo yemitero yehurumende inogona kupesvedzera mari yehurumende, uye kupesana, kudikanirwa kuti idzivise miuyo isingadzorwi. Somuenzaniso, chinjo kumitengo yehurumende yemitero inogona kutapura kuunganidzwa kwemitero yehurumende muruwa iyo inovakira mitero yavo pamitengo yemari yomubatanidzwa.

Kumanikidza Mutemo Neruramisiro Youtsotsi

Kuchengetwa kwomutemo kunoshanda pamwero yehurumende, yehurumende, uye yomunzvimbomo, pamwero mumwe nomumwe une mativi akasiyana asi pane dzimwe nguva anowirirana. Masangano eFederal anonzvera kuputswa kwomutemo wehurumende, mapurisa ehurumende anomanikidzira mitemo yehurumende, uye mapato emapurisa omunzvimbomo anobata mibato mizhinjisa yezuva nezuva yokuchengetwa kwomutemo. aya masangano kazhinji kazhinji anoshanda pamwe chete pamasimba ebasa anobata nhau dzakadai sokutengesa mirimo, masimba masimba egen’a, uye ugandanga hunopfuura miganhu yehurumende.

Gadziriro yeruramisiro yamatsotsi inobatanidza batira pamwe pakati pezviremera zvehurumende nehurumende munharaunda dzakadai sokugoverana mashoko, kutyira, uye mabasa erabhoritari. Hurumende yehurumende inogovera mari kumasangano ehurumende neokutarisira mutemo womunzvimbomo kupfurikidza nokupa gadziriro dzinotsigira kutenga midziyo, rovedzo, uye nhano dzechienzi. Mapepa okunyorera akadai seNational Crime Information Center neshopu yeminwe yeFBI zvinobatira sezviwanikwa zvamasangano ezvokuchengeta mutemo pamwero yose.

Zvisinei, kusawirirana kunogona kumuka apo mitemo yehurumende neyehurumende inorwisana, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzakafanana nemitemo yembanje, umo dzimwe nyika dzakanyoresa mitoo inoramba iri isiri yapamutemo pasi pomutemo wehurumende.

Kugadziridza Kwakaita Zvakatipoteredza uye Kudzivirira

Kudzivirira mhoteredzo kunobatanidza batira pamwe huru pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nehurumende. Environmental Protection Agency inogadza mipimo yenyika nokuda kwechimiro chemhepo nemvura, inodzora tsvina ine ngozi, uye inomanikidza mitemo yemhoteredzo yehurumende. Zvisinei, mashoko anowanzoshandisa mipimo iyi yehurumende uye angagamuchira zvinodikanwa zvakati kuti zvakavakirwa pamigariro yomunzvimbomo nezvinokosha. Masangano akawanda akagamuchira nhume kubva kuEPA kuti atungamirire mapurogiramu ehurumende emhoteredzo mukati memiganhu yawo, adzorwe kuutarisiri hwehurumende.

Chinjo yemamiriro okunze inoratidzira muitiro wakaoma kunzwisisa pakati pechiremera chehurumende nehurumende. Nepo hurumende yehurumende yakaita mitoo yakasiana - siana yokurapa kubudiswa kwegasi rinodziya mumhepo inodziya kutsamira paudzori hwesimba, dzimwe nyika dzakafambira mberi nezviito zvadzo zvomugariro wokunze, kubatanidza mirairo yesimba inomutsidzirwa, gadziriro dzecarbon prifig, uye mipimo yemotokari. California, zvikurukuru, akashandisa chiremera chayo muReculoc Air Act kuti igamuchire mipimo yemotokari iyo dzimwe nyika dzinogona kusarudza kutevera, kuumba mupimo wenyika inopesvedzera kugadzira motokari.

Utano Hworuzhinji Nemhinduro Yekurumidziro

Mitoro youtano yavose inogoverwa muhurumende dzehurumende dzehurumende, dzehurumende, uye dzomunzvimbomo, pamwero mumwe nomumwe uchiita mabasa akasiana asi anowirirana. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention inogovera nzvero dzehosha dzenyika, kunzvera, uye kupa nhungamiro kumadhipatimendi outano ehurumende neomunzvimbomo. Food and Drug Administration inodzora zvokudya, mishonga, uye mishonga pamwero wenyika. Zvisinei, nyika nenzvimbo dzinoshandisa zvirongwa zvakawanda zvoutano uye dzinoitawo kumamiriro ezvinhu outano omunzvimbomo.

COVOID-19 yakasimbisa zvose zviri zviviri simba nedenho dzegadziriro ino yomutoro yakagoveranwa. Masangano eFederal akagovera nzvero, nhungamiro, uye pfuma, kubatanidza kusimudzirwa kwenhomba nokutsigirwa. Zvisinei, masangano akaita zvisarudzo zvizhinji pamusoro pekuvharwa kwebhizimisi, zvinodikanwa zvokuvhara mabhakitire, uye mimwe mipimo, zvichiguma nemitoo yakasiana- siyana munyika yose. Uku kwakaratidzira zvose zviri zviviri gadziriro yehurumende nekusabvumirana pamusoro pedzikamo yakafanira pakati pedziviriro youtano yavose nerusununguko rwomunhu oga.

Kutarisirwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu ekurumidziro kunobatanidza kushandira pamwe kwezviremera zvehurumende, zvehurumende, uye zvomunzvimbomo, zvikurukuru mukati mengwavaira huru. Federal Emergency Management Agency inogovera mipiro netsinhirano nokuda kwemigariro yekurumidziro huru inopfuura nyika nenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, asi nyika dzinochengeta masangano adzo amene anotarisira njodzi uye dzinofanira kukumbira betsero yehurumende. Iyi gadziriro inobvumira kudzora kwomunzvimbomo mukati memigariro inokurumidzira apo inenge ichivimbisa kuti zvishandiso zvehurumende zvinowanika apo kunodikanwa nokuda kwezvinoitika zvine ngwavaira dzakadai semadutututu, kudengenyeka kwapasi, kana kuti denho dzamagandanga.

Muitiro Wedzidzo Nemipimo

Nepo dzidzo iri zvikurukuru mutoro wehurumende, hurumende yehurumende inopesvedzera muitiro wedzidzo kupfurikidza nokutsigira mari, kuchengetwa kwamaruramiro avagari vemo, uye kuisa mipimo. Department yeDzidzo inoronga gadziriro dzedzidzo yehurumende, kubatanidza yamuro yemari yavadzidzi, mari yedzidzo chaiyo, uye kupa rutsigiro kuvadzidzi vanoshaiwa. Mitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo inodzivisa rusaruro mudzidzo yakavakirwa padzinza, vatano, urema, uye mamwe mavara anodzivirirwa, namasangano ehurumende achisimbisa zvinodikanwa izvi muzvikoro munyika yose.

Gadziriro yedzidzo yeFederal yakavapo pashure penguva yakati, nezvirongwa zvokutanga zvakadai seNo Child Lead Behind neAll Students Foundations Act kugadza zvinodikanwa zvokuzvidavirira nokuda kwokugamuchira mari yehurumende. Iyi mitemo inoda kuti iedze vadzidzi, mishumo ipararire, uye ipindire muzvikoro zvinoita basa rakaderera, kunyange zvazvo nyika dzichiramba dzichichinjika zvikuru mukuronga gadziriro dzadzo dzokuzvidavirira. Hurumende yehurumende inosimudzirawo nzvero dzedzidzo, inounganidza nhamba dzedzidzo dzenyika, uye inosimudzira kutanga kupfurikidza namapurogiramu okupa.

Dzidzo yakakwirira inobatanidza zvikurukuru kubatana kwehurumende kwakaoma. Masangano ehurumende emari nokudzora mayunivhesiti avose, asi gadziriro dzeyamuro dzehurumende dzinogonesa mamirioni avadzidzi kubhadhara koreji. Nzvero yeFederal inopa tsigiro huru yenzvero dzinoitwa payunivhesiti, nepo mirau yehurumende inodzora nzvimbo dzakadai sekotsekano yechikoro, kuva woga kwavadzidzi, uye gadziriro dzemitambo. Iyi batira pamwe yakaita kuti American isvike kuchiverengero chavagari vapasi chakafara apo inotsigira masangano okunzvera enyika.

Kurongwa Kwezvifambiso Nokuronga

Kukura kwegadziriro dzezvokufambisa kunobatanidza batira pamwe huru yehurumende yenyika, nehurumende yehurumende ichigovera mari yakatanhamara nokuda kwegadziriro dzezvifambiso zvehurumende nedzemunzvimbomo. Gadziriro dzemugwagwa mukuru, dzinotsigirwa nemari kupfurikidza nomutero wepeturu yepeturu yehurumende, dzinoparadzira mabhiriyoni amadhora gore negore kuhurumende nokuda kwokuvaka migwagwa mikuru nokugadziridza. Zvisinei, hurumende dzinofanira kuwirirana nemari yehurumende ndokuwirirana nezvinodikanwa zvehurumende pamusoro pokuronga marongedzero, mhoteredzo, uye mipimo yokuvaka.

Gadziriro dzezvokufambisa dzinopesvedzera zvisarudzo zvehurumende kupfurikidza nesundo dzemari nezvinodikanwa. Somuenzaniso, mutemo wehurumende wakatanga zera rokunwa shomanene renyika ye 21 kupfurikidza nokutyisidzira kurega kutsigira mari yomumugwagwa mukuru kunzvimbo dzisingabvumirani. Nenzira yakafanana, zvinodikanwa zvehurumende nokuda kwemativi ekotsekano yemugwagwa mukuru, dziviriro dzemhoteredzo, uye kuwanikwa kwavanhu vane urema kunobva mamiriro ezvinhu enyika nokuvaka gadziriro yezvokufambisa.

Gadziriro dzokufambisa dzavose dzinogamuchira mari yehurumende asi dzinorongwa nokushandiswa zvikurukuru nezviremera zvehurumende nemunzvimbomo. Federal Transit Administration inogovera zvipo nokuda kwezvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvezvifambiso nemabasa, zvikurukuru nokuda kwemiitiro inoshanda munzanga dzinowana mari shoma. Zvisinei, masangano nenharaunda zvinoita zvisarudzo pamusoro pemhando dzorwendo dzokugovera, uko kungawanwa nzira, uye nzira yokubatanidza nayo kufambiswa nenyika nokushandisa kuronga uye gadziriro dzekubudirira kwemari.

Kuvapo Kwemagariro Avanhu Nokufamba Kwenguva

Kunzwisisa iyi mhindumupindu kunobetsera kutsanangura uku kukura kwakakodzera kwechiremera chehurumende nehurumende uye kugovera mashoko akapoteredza nokuda kwekusawirirana kunopfuurira mugadziriro yehurumende yehurumende.

Kurwisa Kwapakuvamba Nekodzero Dzehurumende

Mumakore apakuvamba erepabhuriki, hurumende yehurumende yakashandisa masimba ehurumende akaganhurirwa zvikuru, namasangano anochengeta mutoro wokutanga nokuda kwemabasa mazhinjisa ehurumende. Dare Gurusa pasi poMutongi Mukuru John Marshall rakavamba kufutunura chiremera chehurumende kupfurikidza nezvisarudzo izvo zvakadudzira zvikuru masimba ehurumende ndokutanga ukuru hwehurumende pamusoro pemitemo inorwisana.

Hondo yeChizvarwa Chavagari vemo yakamirira nhambo inodenha muhurumende yeAmerica, ichisimbisa nenzira yakajeka kuti hurumende hadzingagoni kubvisa Hurumende muUnion uye kuti chiremera chehurumende chaizokurira kudzivisa hurumende panhau dzinokosha. Hondo yapashure peChivil yaigadziriswa kuBumbiro reMitemo, zvikurukuru Dare reMitemo rechigumi nerechigumi namana, rakawedzerwa simba rehurumende rokudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu pakurwisana nehurumende, kunyange zvazvo idzi gadziriro dzaisazoitwa zvizere kwerinodokusvika zana ramakore.

Chiito Chitsva Nokukura Kwesimba Renyika

Kuderera Kukuru kwoUkuru Hwemari kwema1930 kwakaparira kukura kunoshamisa kwechiremera chehurumende pasi paPurezidhendi Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. Hurumende yehurumende yakatakura mitoro mitsva nokuda kwemiraudzo yezvemari, garikano, uye basa, kugadzira mapurogiramu akadai seSocial Security, inishuwarenzi yeurovhasi, uye mari yokurima izvo zvinopfuurira nanhasi. Dare Gurusa renyika pakutanga rakadzivisa uku kukura asi pakupedzisira rakagamuchira dudziro yakafara yesimba rehurumende yokudzora mubato wezvemari.

Iyi nhambo yakavamba muenzaniso wesangano rehurumende rinobatira pamwe, umo hurumende dzehurumende nehurumende dzinoshandira pamwe chete kupedza zvinetso zvorudzi, hurumende yehurumende ichigovera mipimo yokutsigira nemari neisika apo hurumende dzinoshandisa gadziriro. Iyi nzira yakaratidzira nharaunda zhinji dzemiitiro, kubva pakuvakwa kwemigwagwa mikuru kusvikira kupurogiramu dzegarikano, kuvamba gadziriro yehurumende iyo isiri yorudzi kana kuti yakavakirwa pahurumende bedzi asi inobatanidza batira pamwe chete dzakaoma uye mitoro inogoverana.

Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo Nokutsigirwa Nehurumende

Sangano rekodzero dzavagari vemo romuma1950 nomuma1960 rakatungamirira kuimwe futunuko inokosha yechiremera chehurumende, sezvo hurumende yehurumende yakapindira kudzivirira maruramiro eAfrica nedzimwe nzvimbo duku pakusarurana kwehurumende. matare eFederal akarayira kubviswa kwezvikoro, Civil Rights Act ya1946 yakarambidza rusaruro mumabasa nepokugara, uye Voting Rights Act yegore ra1965 yakagovera kutarisira kwehurumende marusarudzo muhurumende nenhau dzorusaruro.

Izvi zvinoitika zvakatanga nheyo yokuti hurumende yehurumende yaigona kuita kuti kodzero dzebumbiro remitemo dzivepo kunyange mukudzivisa kwehurumende, dzichichinja zvikurukuru dzikamo yesimba mugadziriro yehurumende. Nepo vamwe vakarangarira ikoku sokuri madikanwa kudzivirira maruramiro makuru, vamwe vakakuona sokutsotswa munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa namagamuchidzanwa kuhurumende. Uku kukakavadzana kunopfuurira kuumba gakava pamusoro pechiremera chehurumende nehurumende munzvimbo dzinovambira pakodzero dzokuvhota kusvikira kuLGBTQ dziviriro.

Druevolution neNew Federalism

Kuvambira muma 1980 uye kupfuurira muma 1990, kwakanga kune nhamburiko dzokudzorera simba kunyika kupfurikidza neinonzi "New Federalism" kana kuti "dhivolution". Idzi nhano dzakatsvaka kuderedza mirairo yehurumende, dzinogovera masangano anochinjika zvikuru mukushandisa gadziriro dzehurumende, uye kudzorera mitoro yose chose kuti idzore. Chinjo muna 1996 yakaratidzira uyu mutoo, kuchinja maruramiro egarikano yehurumende kuva masangano anopa mitongo inopa uchenjeri hwakati kuti mukugadzira mapurogiramu avo vamene.

Zvisinei, muitiro wokubvisa shanduka - shanduka wave uchipesana, chiremera chehurumende chichipfuurira kukura mune dzimwe nzvimbo kunyange sezvachakawana mune dzimwe.Mirayiro yedzidzo yeFederal yakawedzera pasi peChild Child Chile Chiri Kucherwa, zvinodikanwa zvechengeteko zvomunyika yokumusha zvakaisa mitoro mitsva muhurumende pashure paSeptember 11, 2001, uye chinjo yezvoutano yehurumende muAffordable Care Act yakagadzira mipimo mitsva yehurumende yeinishuwarenzi youtano nepo yaiwedzera Medicaid kuburikidza nebatira pamwe yehurumende.

Zvinetso Zvenguva Ino Muukama Hwematunhu

Gadziriro yehurumende inopfuurira kutarisana nedenho sezvo nzanga inorwisana nezvinetso zvakaoma zvisingawirirani zvakanaka mumapoka egamuchidzanwa omubatanidzwa kana kuti ehurumende. Idzi denho dzinoedza kuchinjika nokuzvimba kwehurumende yeAmerica nepo dzichitanga gakava rinopfuurira pamusoro pedzikamo yakafanira yesimba pakati pehurumende dzenyika nehurumende.

Misi Yakatukwa NechiFederal

Manyuko mamwe erwisano anopfuurira anobatanidza zvirevo zvehurumende zvinoda zviito zvakati kuti pasina kugovera mari yakakwana kugovera ndyiko. Iyi mirayiro isina kurongwa inogona kudzvinyirira bhajeti yehurumende ndokumanikidza hurumende kutsausa zviwanikwa kubva mune zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha. Nepo Congress yakapfuudza Mandaidades Reform Act isina kurongwa muna 1995 kuganhurira uyu muitiro, kuitira hanya pamusoro pezvinodikanwa zvehurumende zvinoparira ndyiko munyika dzinopfuurira, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzakadai sedzidzo chaiyo, dziviriro yemhoteredzo, uye dare revhota.

Ukama hwemari pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nehurumende hwazova hwakaoma zvikuru, nehurumende dzinotsamira pakupiwa mari kwehurumende nokuda kwezvikamu zvinokosha zvemari dzadzo nepo dzichikwikwidzanawo nemipiro yehurumende. Mari inotsigirwa nehurumende inowanzouya netsanangudzo dzakabatanidzwa, ichipa hurumende simba rokupesvedzera mitemo kunyange munharaunda umo isina chiremera chakananga chebumbiro remitemo. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukurukurirano pamusoro pokuti migariro yemari yehurumende inoumba kumanikidza kunoderedza uchangamire hwehurumende here.

Kusunungurwa uye Kusunungurwa Kwehurumende

Kusunungurwa kwehurumende kunoitika apo mutemo wehurumende unotsiva mutemo wehurumende munharaunda yakati, uchidzivisa miganhu pakutungamirira kunyange apo vanoda kuita kudaro. Kusunungurwa kunogona kuva kwakajeka, apo mutemo wehurumende unorambidza zvakananga murairo wehurumende, kana kuti kwakakwana, apo murairo wehurumende unenge wakakwana kwazvo zvokuti unotora rutivi rwose. Nharo pamusoro pokusunungurwa kazhinji kazhinji dzinoparira fariro dzebhizimisi dzine chokuita nehurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo kutsvaka mipimo yorudzi yakafanana mukurwisana nehurumende yomunzvimbomo.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, zvinyorwa zvinobatira se "masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu," kuedza nokuvandudza kwomuitiro kungagamuchirwa gare gare nedzimwe nyika kana kuti hurumende. Hurumende mitsva munharaunda dzakadai sechinjo youtano, dziviriro yemhoteredzo, uye ruramisiro yeutsotsi yakapesvedzera kurukurirano dzemitemo yenyika ndokuratidzira ukoshi hwokubvumira nyika kuedza mitoo yakasiana. Uku kuedza ndiimwe yebetsero huru dzehurumende, inobvumira miitiro kuedzwa pamwero muduku zvikuru pamberi pokugamuchira rudzi.

Kushandira Pamwe Nokukwikwidzana Kwenyika Dzakasiyana

Mitemo inofanira kubatira pamwe panhau dzinopesana miganhu yehurumende, kubva pakutarisira zviwanikwa zvemvura zvinogoveranwa kusvikira kuvanotiza vachitiza vachipfuura munzvimbo dzehurumende. Mibatanidzwa yeInterstate inogovera mutoo wokuti nyika dzishande pamwe chete pazvinetso zvakafanana, nezvibvumirano zvinofukidza nzvimbo dzakadai sezvokufambisa, zvinhu zvomusikirwo, uye zvokuvakisa. Bumbiro remitemo rinoda kutenderwa kwemasangano ehurumende, kunyange zvazvo richiita zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvinoshanda pasina kubatanidzwa nehurumende kwakananga.

Zvisinei, Hurumende dzinokwikwidzanawo nokuda kwamabhizimisi, vagari, uye kufambira mberi kwezvemari. Uku makwikwi anogona kuparira miuyo inobetsera nevandudziko, asi kunogonawo kutungamirira ku "raundi kupasi" umo hurumende dzinoda mipimo yakaderera kana kuti dzinoderedza mitero kukwezva mabhizimisi, sezvinobvira ichisekesa dziviriro dzinokosha kana kuti mabasa avose. Gakava rinoenderera mberi pamusoro pokuti makwikwi okutsiva enyika anoparira miuyo yakanaka zvikuru kana kuti yakaipa uye basa rinofanira kuitwa nehurumende mukugadza mipimo mishomanene.

Zvinetso Zvekugadzira Zvinhu uye Zvekufungidzira

Ruzivo rwazvino uno runoparira denho dzemifungo yegamuchidzanwa yehurumende nehurumende. Kuchinjika kwezvokutengeserana kweInternet kunoitwa nehurumende pasina nhamburiko, kuchimutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pezvipi hurumende zvinogona kubhadhara kutengeserana paIndaneti nokudzora mabhizimisi emichina. Zviteshi zvenzanga zvinoshanda munyika yose uye munyika yose, zvinonetesa nhamburiko dzinoitwa nehurumende imwe neimwe kudzora zvinhu kana kuti kudzivirira kuva voga.

Iyi fambiro mberi yoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu yakasunda chiito chehurumende kugadzira mipimo yenyika yakafanana, asi yakanyandurawo mifungo mitsva yehurumende munharaunda dzakadai sechivande chemashoko, umo mutemo wezvivandika weCalifornia wakapesvedzera miitiro yezvisaririra zvemunhu oga. Kuoma pakati pekudikanwa kwenzira dzenguva dzose dzenyika noukoshi hwokuedza kwehurumende nokudzora kwomunzvimbomo kunopfuurira kuumba gakava remitemo munhambo yemirauriro.

Kupindira Kunoita Vagari Vemo Nehurumende Dzehurumende Nehurumende

Nokuda kwevokuAmerica vazhinjisa, kufambidzana kwezuva nezuva nehurumende kunoitika zvikurukuru pamwero yehurumende neyomunzvimbomo, kunyange zvazvo hurumende yehurumende ingaratidzika kuva inooneka zvikuru kupfurikidza nokugutswa kwenhau kwenyika namagariro apurezidhendi.

Masangano Nemitemo

Vagari vanobatira pamwe nehurumende apo vanowana marezenisi okutyaira, motokari dzinonyoresa, vanopinda zvikoro zvehurumende kana kuti mayunivhesiti, vanogamuchira betsero dzoutano hwehurumende, kana kuti kuchengetwa kwomutemo wehurumende. Mitemo yehurumende inotapura kuiswa kwenyanzvi, mabasa ebhizimisi, kuva nenzvimbo, roorano nechatanuro, uye mamwe mativi asingaverengeki oupenyu hwezuva nezuva. matare ehurumende anobata mativi makuru enhau emitemo, kubva kumatikiti okunyoresa kusabvumirana kusabvumirana kuutsotsi.

Kufambidzana kwehurumende kunowanzooneka zvishoma asi kunokosha zvakaenzana. Vagari vemo vanogamuchira betsero dzeSocial Security neMedicares, vanobhadhara mitero yehurumende, vanoshandisa mari yemari yemabhangi yakapinzwa nehurumende, vanotsamira panzvero dzemubatanidzwa dzezvokudya nekotsekano dzemirimo, uye vanobetserwa nedziviriro dzekodzero dzehurumende. Mitemo yeFederal inotapura chengeteko yebasa, kunaka kwemhoteredzo, zvigadzirwa zvemari, kunyange apo vagari vemo vanenge vasingazivi zvakananga kubatanidzwa nehurumende.

Kutora Rutivi Rwezvematongerwe Enyika uye Kumirira

Vagari vanotora rutivi muzvose zviri zviviri zvamatongerwe enyika yehurumende nehurumende kupfurikidza nokuvhota, kusangana navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, uye kubatanidzwa mukusarudza. Hurumende nevomunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji vane tapuro yakananga zvikuru paupenyu hwezuva nezuva kupfuura sarudzo dzomubatanidzwa, kuchitapura kupiwa kwemari kwechikoro, mitero yezvinhu, kusimudzirwa kwenzvimbo, uye mabasa enzanga.

Gadziriro yehurumende inoparira mapfundo akawanda okuwana pesvedzero yevagari vemo, ichibvumira vanhu kuronda nharidzano dzemiitiro apo mwero upi noupi wehurumende unoratidzika kuva unogamuchira zvikurusa. Vatsigiri vanokundikana kuita zvinangwa zvavo pamwero wehurumende vangatendeukira kuhurumende, uye zvinopesana. Uku kuwanda kwenzvimbo dzechiito chezvamatongerwe enyika zvose zviri zviviri simba nedenho yehurumende, kuchigovera mabanza okutora rutivi apo ivo vanoparirawo kuoma nokuvhiringidzika pamusoro penzvimbo yokutungamirira nhamburiko dzehurumende.

Kodzero Nedziviriro

Vagari vanofarikanya maruramiro nedziviriro muzvose zviri zviviri bumbiro remitemo rehurumende nerehurumende, nebumbiro remitemo pane dzimwe nguva richigovera dziviriro huru zvikuru kupfuura Bumbiro remitemo rehurumende. Somuenzaniso, mamwe mabumbiro emitemo anobatanidza maruramiro ezvakavanzika zvakajeka, dziviriro dzemhoteredzo, kana kuti dzidzo zvinovimbisa kuti hakuna pamutemo wakaenzana newakananga wehurumende. matare ehurumende anodudzira gadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo pachadzo, kunyange zvazvo achifanira kuremekedza mwero webumbiro remitemo yehurumende.

Apo rwisano dzekodzero dzinomuka, mutemo womubatanidzwa kazhinji kazhinji unotekeshera muSupremacy Claus, asi mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kugovera dzimwe dziviriro dzinopfuura zvinodikanwa zvomubatanidzwa. Ikoku kunoreva kuti mwero wedziviriro yekodzero unogona kusiana munyika dzose, nedzimwe nyika dzichipa dziviriro dzakasimba zvikuru nokuda kwavashandi, vatengi, kana kuti mhoteredzo kupfuura dzimwe. Vagari vanoitira hanya pamusoro pekodzero dzavo vanofanira kunzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri mutemo womubatanidzwa nowehurumende kuti vaonge zvizere dziviriro yavo yapamutemo nemisengwaro.

Nguva Yemberi Yechirongwa cheAmerica

Zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana uye zvinetso zvingangoumba kudzikamiswa kwenguva yemberi kwesimba rehurumende nerehurumende mumakore anouya nemakumi emakore.

Kuchinja Zvemagetsi uye Kubvisa Majeri

Kuwedzera kwekupesana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwakatungamirira kukupesana kwemiitiro kuri kuwedzera pakati penyika, nehurumende dzinotsvaka nzira dzakasiana - siana kupfuura nyika dzinoronda reRepublican panhau dzinovambira pazvoutano kusvikira kumirairo yepfuti kusvikira kudziviriro yemhoteredzo. Uku kuderera kwehurumende kunoratidzira zvose zviri zviviri kuchinjika kwegadziriro yehurumende nedenho dzokuchengeta batira pamwe worudzi apo nyika dzinogamuchira miitiro yakasiana zvikuru panhau dzinokosha dzinokosha.

Vamwe vacherekedzi vanonetseka kuti kupesana kwemiitiro kwakanyanyisa kungagona kukanganisa chinzwano chorudzi kana kuti kuparira zvinetso zvinoshanda nokuda kwamabhizimisi navanhu vari kushanda munzvimbo dzose. Vamwe vanotaura kuti kusiyana kwenzvimbo yehurumende ndiko chaizvoizvo kwakagadzirirwa kugadzikisa, kuchibvumira nzanga dzakasiana - siana kuronda zviono zvavo vamene zvokutonga kwakanaka nepo dzichichengeta chimiro chimwe chenyika. Kunyanduka pakati pechinzwano nemhatsa kuchapfuurira kudenha ubati ushe hweAmerica munhambo yemapoka makuru ezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze Nezvinetso Zvezvakatipoteredza

Chinjo yemamiriro okunze inopa denho chaidzo nokuda kwehurumende nemhaka yokuti kubudisa gasi rinodziya kunoyambuka nyika nemiganhu yenyika, zvichiita kuti mhinduro dzenzvimbo dzehurumende dzisakwane. Zvisinei, muitiro wemamiriro okunze ehurumende wakasiyana zvikuru zvichitsamira pakuti ndipapi panodzora dare neCongress, kuchiparira kusanyatsoziva uye kusunda dzimwe nyika kuronda zviito zvadzo dzoga. Nhau yokuti mamiriro okunze ehurumende nehurumende angabatanidza sei mamiriro okunze enzvimbo apo ichiva nevavariro yakakwana yokupedza chinetso icharamba ichikakavadza.

Zvinetso zvakabatanidzwa zvemhoteredzo, kubvira pakushaikwa kwemvura kusvikira kukuparadzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana - siyana kusvikira kukudzorwa kweshatiswo, nenzira yakafanana kunoda batira pamwe mukugura miganhu yedzorerwo nezvinodzorwa nehurumende nemhatsa yomunzvimbomo. Kuwana dzikamo yakarurama pakati pemipimo yenyika nokuchinjika kwehurumende kuchave kwakakomba nokuda kwedziviriro yemhoteredzo inobudirira mumakumi amakore ari kuuya. Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro pomutemo wemhoteredzo, shanyira [[FLT: 0] Evenronological Protection Agency.

Kuchinja Kwezvemari Nokuzviisa Pasi Kwomutemo

Kuwedzera kubatana kwezveupfumi hwenyika yose kunoparira dzvinyiriro yokutsinhiraniswa kwemitemo kuti ideredze ndyiko dzinodzorwa nokurerutsira kutengeserana. Zvisinei, Hurumende dzine fariro dzapamutemo mukuchengeta mitoo yadzo yokutungamirira iyo inoratidzira mipimo nemigariro zvomunzvimbomo. Kudzikamisa kushanda zvakanaka kunowana kubva mumipimo yenyika inowirirana yemipimo yenzvimbo nenzvero yehurumende kuchada kukurukurirana nokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kunopfuurira.

Kubatanidza unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu hwakafanana noungwaru hwechienzi, motokari dzinozvitonga, uye biotechnology zvichaedza mano esangano renyika kugadzira gadziriro dzinobatanidza dzinopa chokwadi nokuda kwevagadziri vachidzivirira fariro dzavose. Kana unyanzvi uhwu huchidzorwa zvikurukuru pamwero wehurumende, kana kuti kupfurikidza nomubatanidzwa, zvichatapura zvikuru zvose zviri zviviri kuvandudzwa nokudzivirirwa kwemipimo yavose.

Kuchinja uye kumirirwa

Chinjo dzechiverengero chavagari vemo, kubatanidza chinjo dzavagari vemo pakati penyika nemhatsa dzinowedzera dziri mukati menyika, dzichatapura simba rezvamatongerwe enyika nemuitiro pamwero yose iri miviri yehurumende nehurumende. Chinodikanwa chebumbiro remitemo chokuti nyika imwe neimwe ine vatendi vaviri pasinei zvapo navagari vemo chinoreva kuti nyika dzine pesvedzero shomanene zvikuru muDare, rutivi runova runoziviswa zvikuru sezvo chiverengero chavagari vemo chinonangidzira ngwariro muchiverengero chiduku chenyika. Ikoku kunomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pomufananidzo neruramisiro mugadziriro yehurumende.

Kutama kunopfuurira kuva nzvimbo inotanhamara muukama hwehurumende nehurumende, nehurumende dzinotora matanho akasiana - siana kubatanidzwa kwavatami uye dzimwe nyika dzinodenha kuchengetwa kwokupinda munyika kwehurumende. Sezvo nyika inova yakasiana zvikuru, mibvunzo pamusoro pokuti ndiani wenzanga yezvamatongerwe enyika uye kuti ikodzeroi nemitoro mapoka akasiyana - siyana zvinofanira kuva nazvo zvichapfuurira kuparira gakava pamusoro pemabasa akasiyana - siyana ehurumende dzomubatanidzwa nehurumende.

Kutora Nzvimbo Huru Nokuda Kwokunzwisisa Mabasa Ehurumende Nehurumende

Kuisa gadziriro yehurumende yeAmerica kunoda kunzwisisa nheyo dzinokosha dzinoverengeka dzinodzora ukama huri pakati pehurumende dzehurumende dzehurumende uye kuumbwa kunoita mitemo ndokushandiswa munyika yose.

Nhau Dzebasa Remitemo

Bumbiro reBumbiro remitemo rinosimbisa gadziriro huru yehurumende, richipa masimba chaiwo kuhurumende yehurumende apo inochengeta dzimwe kuhurumende. Zvisinei, kududzira kwebumbiro remitemo kwakashanduka nokufamba kwenguva, uye dzikamo inoshanda yesimba yachinja mukupindura zvinodikanwa zvenhau, masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kuchinja. Kunzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri rugwaro rwebumbiro remitemo uye kuti rwakadudzirwa sei kwakabetsera kutsanangura kuparadzirwa kwazvino uno kwechiremera.

Kushandira Pamwe uye Kurwisana Mune Zvemakakatanwa

Hurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende dzose dziri mbiri dzinobatira pamwe uye dzinokwikwidzana, pane dzimwe nguva nharaunda dzakawanda dzemiitiro dzinobatanidza wirirano umo hurumende dzehurumende nehurumende dzinoshandira pamwe chete kunharidzano dzakafanana, nepo dzimwe nharaunda dzichiratidzira rwisano pamusoro pechiremera, pfuma, kana kuti nhungamiro yemitemo. Uku kunyanduka kukuru rutivi, kwete rwegadziriro yehurumende, dzichigovera kunzvenga pasimba rehurumende nepo dzichigonesa chiito cheboka pazvinetso zvinogoveranwa.

Mashoko Aiva Nendima Anoratidza Kuti Hurumende Ndeyechokwadi

Hapana mhinduro imwe kukuti hurumende yehurumende inofanira kubata nhau dzakati. Mwero wakafanira wehurumende unotsamira parudzi rwechinetso chacho, kudikanwa kwokufanana mukupesana nokuchinjika, simba remwero yakasiana - siana yehurumende, uye rutongeso runokosha pamusoro pokuva pakati nepakati nokudzora kwomunzvimbomo. Vanhu vakasiana - siana vachapesana nenzira ine mufungo pamusoro peidzi rutongeso, kuchitungamirira kukurukurirano dzinopfuurira pamusoro pechibvumirano choutongi.

Vagari Vemo Vanogona Kupinda Mutsika Dzakasiyana - siyana

Kunzwisisa kuti ihurumende ipi ine simba panhau dzakati kunobatsira vagari vemo kutungamirira kuvimbisana kwavo mune zvematongerwe enyika zvinobudirira. Zvinorevawo kuti mhinganidzo pane imwe mwero yehurumende hadzigumi hadzo nharo dzemitemo, sezvo vatsigiri vanogona kuronda zvinangwa zvavo nedzimwe nzvimbo dzehurumende.

Kushanda Muchirongwa Chenyika Kunoramba Kuchisimba

Kudzikamiswa kwesimba rehurumende nerehurumende kunopfuurira kushanduka - shanduka uye sezvingabvira kucharatidzika zvakasiana munguva yemberi kupfuura zvino. Zvinetso zvitsva, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika zvichamutsa mibvunzo mitsva pamusoro pokuparadzirwa kwakafanira kwechiremera mugadziriro yehurumende. Kuchengeta gadziriro yehurumende inoshanda kunoda kuchinjirwa nokukurukurirana kunopfuurira pakati pemwero dzakasiana - siana dzehurumende uye pakati pavagari vemo vane zviono zvakasiana - siana zvesimba zvinofanira kugoverwa.

Zviwanikwa Zvokudzidza Zvakawanda

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pehurumende yeAmerica nemabasa ehurumende dzehurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinowanika. USA.gov inogovera mashoko pamusoro pemibato yehurumende namasangano. Mawebsite ehurumende mamwe namamwe anopa mashoko pamusoro pemitemo nemabasa ehurumende. Zviwiro zveAcademic, kubatanidza makosi eyunivhesiti nezvinyorwa zvamabhii, zvinogovera mukunzvera kwakadzikira kwemitemo yehurumende neukama hwehurumende.

Kunzwisisa kukamukana kwemitoro pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nehurumende kunokosha nokuda kwokuva mugari wemo wezivo negadziro inobudirira muAmerica. Nepo gadziriro yacho ichigona kuratidzika kuva yakaoma, uku kuoma kunoratidzira chisarudzo chamaune chokukamuranisa simba pakati pemitengo mizhinji yehurumende sedziviriro paudzvinyiriri uye gadziriro yokugadzikisa zvakasiana - siana murudzi rukuru rwakasiana-- siyana. Nokunzwisisa anogona kuita kuti zviitwe zviri nani, vagari vemo vanogona kufamba nomugadziriro yehurumende, vangaita kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vazvipiwe, uye vatsigire budiriro inobudirira mukuumba mitemo inotapura upenyu hwavo.

Gadziriro yehurumende yeAmerica inomirira kuedza kupfuurira kudzikamisa chinzwano chorudzi nechisarudzo chomunzvimbomo, chiito chakabatana norusununguko rwomunhu oga, uye kushanda zvakanaka nokutora rutivi kwehurumende. Uku kuedza kwakatsungirira anopfuura mazana maviri amakore, kuchichinjira kudenho kuvambira pahondo yavagari vemo kusvikira kukuderera kwemari kusvikira kuhosha dzenyika yose. Sezvo denho itsva dzinomuka, gadziriro yehurumende ichapfuurira kushanduka, kuumbwa nechisarudzo chavagari vemo, vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, uye vatongi vanofanira kuramba vachitora miganhuro pakati pomubatanidzwa nechiremera chehurumende. Kunzwisisa iyi uye kutora rutivi muiyi kurukurirano inhau iripo inopfuurira iri yose iri mbiri ropafadzo nomutoro wougari womunyika inogarwa muRepabhuriki.

Nokuda kwamashoko okuwedzera pamusoro pechimiro chehurumende yeAmerica uye kuti mwero yakasiana sei inobatira pamwe, National Archives [ inogovera kuwanikwa kwezvinyorwa zvenhau izvo zvinovhenekera mavambo nemhindumupindu yehurumende yeAmerica. Masangano edzidzo namasangano ehurumende anobetsera anogoverawo mapurogiramu nezvishandiso kuti zvibetsere vagari vemo kunzwisisa ndokubatanidzwa negadziriro yavo yehurumende yakakwirira, ichivimbisa kuti hurumende yehurumende inoramba isiri bhurogiramu asi muitiro mupenyu wehurumende yedemocracy.