Good Friver Agreement, inozivikanwa nenzira yapamutemo seBelfast Agreement, yakasainwa pana 10 April 1998, ichitanga kuchinja kukuru kwenzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika nenzanga yeIreland neUnited Kingdom. Nepo chibvumirano chinowanzozivikanwa segadziriro yakagumisa makore makumi matatu erwisano yamasimba masimba anozivikanwa seMatambudziko, pesvedzero yacho yakatambanukira kupfuura kure nehurumende inobviswa kwechiuto. Chibvumirano chakashandura zvikuru kubatana kwechiIrland neurudzi, chichidzorera chainoreva kuva Ireland muNorthern Ireland neRiphabliki, uye kuumba chirongwa chakabvumira kuti chive chakareve muhurumende imwe chete. Nyaya iyi inonzvera mugariro wenhau weChibvumirano, mamiriro ezvinhu anokosha, uye unogara, chakava nechiito chenyika yose, chinoitwa nechiito chetsika, uye chinopfuurira mumutauro weruwa, chinoitwa nemubatanidzwa nemubatanidzwa munzanga weIreland.

Zvinetso Nenzira Yokurugare

Kunzwisisa pesvedzero yeChibvumirano pazivikanwo nourudzi, kunokosha kutanga kunzwisisa rudzi rwerwisano yayakapedza. Nharo (c. 1968-1988) yakanga iri rwisano yesekete nezvamatongerwe enyika iyo yakakwikwidzanisa vaIrish veruwa (pamberi pechiKaturike) mukurwisana navabatanidzwa veBritain (pamberi pechipfupi nerechiPurotesitendi) nehurumende yeBritain. Pamwoyo wayo pakanga pane kusabvumirana kukuru pamusoro pouchangamire: varwi venyika vakatsvaka Ireland vakabatana, nepo vatsigiriki vakaomerera parutivi runoramba rwasara rweUnited Kingdom. Uku kushora kusati kwakarondedzera kuvimbika bedzi kwezvamatongerwe enyika asi kuzivikanwawo kwomunhu oga. Rudzidziso rweimwe, zita, uye kunyange chikoro chakapinda pachiratidzo chomunhu munzvimbo yerwisano.

Pakasvika mavambo a1990, mubatanidzwa wekuneta kwezvamatongerwe enyika, mamiriro ezvemari, uye shure kwezvokutengeserana zvakavamba kutanga migariro yorugare. Dowing Street Declaration ya1994, kumira kwemoto, uye hurukuro dzezvikamu zvizhinji dzakapedziswa neUS Senator George Mitchell dzakatungamirira kukubudirira kwenhau muna April 1998. Chibvumirano chakatsigirwa nechengetedzo muNorvendiums muzvose zviri zviviri Northern Ireland neRiphabliki yeIreland, ne 71% yeNorthern Ireland Fhovicey ne 94% yeRepublic Revolution. Ichi chirevo cha curedhicracy chakanga chakakomba muparati yeparati yenzvimbo itsva inogoverwa uye muchiratidzo chokutama kwehondo yehondo yezvamatongerwe enyika munenge muna April 1998.

Gadziriro Huru Yechibvumirano Chakanaka CheChishanu

Good Friver Augcount igwaro rakaoma rakaumba zvikamu zvitatu zvesangano: Northern Ireland Assembly neGuviortive (Strand 1), Council yeNorth-Southern Minister (Strand 2), uye British-Irish Council neBritishish Intermodual Conference yakabatana yavanhu vayo muIreland (STrand 3). Masangano aya akagadzirirwa kudzikamisa zvishuvo zvinokwikwikwidzana zvevarwi venyika nevezvokubatana. Crucily, Chibvumirano chakabatanidza nheyo yebvumirano chekubvumirana: Chibvumirano cheHurumende yeNorthern Ireland neIrland chaigona kuchinja bedzi kana voruzhinji vayorovhara vakabatana mumuganhu. Iyi gadziriro yakavimbisa kuti havasati vaizomanikidzwa kubatana muIreland nechido chavo, nepozve chibvumirano chokubatanidza chishuvo chorudzi nokuda kubatanidzwa.

Nokuda kwavarwi, Chibvumirano chakapa mvumo inokosha: kuzivikanwa kwomutauro weIreland netsika dzeGeelic, kuchinjwa kwebasa ramapurisa (Basa rePhosa reNorthern Ireland rakatsiva Royal Ulster Consabulary), kusunungurwa kwavasungwa vehondo, uye kutangwa kwemitumbi yokuMadokero kunobva kuNorthern South kwakapa Dublin basa repamutemo muNorthern Ireland. Zvichida zvikurukuru, Chibvumirano chakabvuma zvakajeka kuti "kuberekwa kwevanhu vose veNorthern Ireland ndokugamuchirwa seIreland, kana kuti sezvingasarudza zvose." Mutauro uyu wakanga uchibviswa pamukwikwikwidzano wero-um uye panzvimbo pezvizivikanwa, chikamu chizhinji.CM.CM.

Kuchinja Kunoita Kuzivikanwa Kwevanhu vemuIreland

Chibvumirano cheGood Weshanu chakava netapuro yakachinja pazivikanwo yeIrish. Pamberi pa1998, urudzi hweIreland muNorthern Ireland hwaiwanzorondedzerwa nokunyunyuta, rusaruro, uye kurwira kodzero dzevanhu. Nzanga yezvourudzi yakanga yave ichitambura nenzira yakarongwa mudzimba, basa, uye kumiririrwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Ukama hwesangano reCommunist paramente yekare yeStormont (1921-191972) hwakaita pfungwa yokuva mugari wemo weboka rechipiri. Munhau ino, kuzivikanwa kweIrland kwakabatana nechinodikanwa chezvamatongerwe enyika cheIreland.

Chibvumirano chakachinja uku kuzivikanwa nesimba. Nokuita kuti chizivikanwo chenyika yenzanga yezvourudzi chive nokugovera zvivako zvokuva nesimba, chakabvumira urudzi hweIrish kuva rutivi rusingadziviriri zvikuru uye rusingatauri. Nhasi, vagari vomunyika vanonzwa vakasununguka kuratidza mireza yeIreland, kupemberera mitambo yeGelic, uye kutaura mutauro weIreland pasina mashoko iwayo aionekwa sedenho yakananga kuhurumende. Kubvuma kwe "Irish gamuchidzanwa" sechikamu chikuru chetsika dzeNorthern Ireland uye sechiBritish, kwakabetsera kuratidzira nokuzivisa nyika. Munhamba 2019 neNo Northern Ireland Life neTiver Times, kunotongedzerwa 30% yavanhu muNon Ireland se "ish" bedzi" kana kuti "ish" nhamba yeBritain yakaramba ichibatsira kuoneka zvakanaka, kubva pakuzivisa nokuzivisa kwechiNgeri yechitatu "Northern Ireland" asi kuzivisa kumusoro kwechimutevereti yegore rechitsumo.

Kusimbiswazve Kwenhaka Yetsika

Chibvumirano chakaziva zvakajeka ukoshi hwe "Mutauro weIreland, mitambo yeGelic, uye nziyo dzegamuchidzanwa" sorutivi rwepfuma yetsika dzeNorthern Ireland. Uku kwakanga kusiri kwokufananidzira. Kusikwa kwoMutezo womutauro weNorth/South( sa na Gaeilge[[FLT1]] nokuda kweIrish ne [FLT] [[FLT] [] Boord o Ulster-Scotch nokuda kweURC] yeUlster-SCOTS) yakagovera kutsigira kwehurumende netsigiro yezvokusimudzira mutauro weIreland. Irish- yakakudzwa zvikuru; ne 2022, kwaiva na7 000 vadzidzi vedzidzo muIreland muNorthern Ireland, inoenzaniswa nezvinodongoitika mu [1970].[FFF:]

Iyi tsika yakasimbiswazve kuva netapuro huru pazivikanwo. Nokuda kwavarwi vazhinji vaduku, kuva vaIreland zvino vashoma pamusoro pezviteshi zvenyika uye zvikuru pamusoro pomutauro, mutambo, uye nzanga. Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), yakamborangarirwa navabatanidzwa sesangano renyika, rakashanda kuti rive risingabatanidzwi zvikuru, richizarurira mitezo yaro yakabva mumigariro yose uye kunyange kuparira zvinoitika zvehondo yeBritain. Muuyo wacho izivikanwo yeIreland isingarwi zvikuru uye ine chivimbo zvikuru, iyo inogona kusimbiswa pasina kuraira chaizvoizvo chinjo mumugariro webumbiro remitemo.

Urudzi Hwezvamatongerwe Enyika: Kubva Pakurwisa Kusvika Kuhurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu

Good Freen Agreement yakagadziridzazve urudzi hweIreland kupfurikidza nokugovera nzira yakajeka yezvamatongerwe enyika kuti itsigire. Pasati pa 1998, varwi vazhinji vakarangarira kuti kurwisana nezvombo yakanga iri nzira bedzi inobudirira yokusvitsa nayo nharidzano dzavo. Chibvumirano chaiparadza chinoitwa kupfurikidza nokuratidzira kuti kuvimbisana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwaigona kupa miuyo inooneka. Sin Féin, jagwara rezvamatongerwe enyika reIRA, rakaita chinjo yenhau kubva musangano rakabatana nehondo nebato rezvamatongerwe enyika guru. Muchigumi rimwe ramakore, Sin Féin akava murwi mukuru wenyika yose muNorthern Ireland uye akapinda muhurumende inorwisana neyaichimbova vashori varwi varo.

Iyi chinjo yakava netapuro inoparira pazvimiro zvendangariro zvourudzi. Nzvero ya2020 ne ARK (Access Research Know) yakawana kuti 80% yavamatikanzvi vorudzi zvino vanotsigira nheyo yesimba rinodzorwa uye vanodavira kuti masangano akatangwa neChibvumirano ndiwo mutoo wakanakisisa wokutarisira misiyano yezvamatongerwe enyika. Kuchinja kubva mu "simba renyika" kuenda ku "urudzi" kuva mumwe wemiuyo inokosha zvikurusa yegadziriro yorugare. Urudzi zvino hunoratidzirwa kupfurikidza namarusaruvara, zvigaro zvedare, uye zvigaro zvemitengidzo, panzvimbo pezvokushandisa zvombo namabhomba. Chishuvo chavanhu cheIreland chinogara chiripo, asi chinotengwa kupfurikidza nemitoo yedemocracy uye rugare, kubatanidza bviro yemigariro pasi pemibatanidzwa yemitemo yebvumirano yebvumirano yebvumirano.

Kubvumira Negakava Rinochinja Pamusoro Pechinzwano

Nheyo yokubvuma yeChibvumirano yakapesana neyakatsigira zvose zviri zviviri kurukurirano pachinzwano cheIreland. Kupfurikidza nokuzivisa kuti Ireland yakabatana inoda voruzhinji munzvero yomuganhu, Chibvumirano chakabvisa rutyo rwokuti chinzwano chingagona kuiswa nokumanikidzwa. Ikoku kwakabvumira vatsigiri vorudzi kutsigira nokuda kwokuvakwazve pachena, pasina kuonekwa setyisidziro kuhurumende. Panguva imwe cheteyo, kwakamanikidzira varwi venyika kupinda muzvinhu chaizvoizvo zvinoshanda izvo Ireland yakabatana ingaratidzika kuva yakaita, kubatanidza nhau dzezvoutano, mitero, uye kubatanidza mabasa maviri avose.

Kubvira paBreet, kurukurirano yakawedzera. Northern Ireland yakavhota navazhinji vakajeka (56%) kuti varambe vari muEuropean Union, asi UK yose zvayo sechivhoti chokuenda. Ikoku kwakaparira simba idzva, sezvo vatsigiri venyika vazhinji vanotaura kuti Ireland yakabatana mukati meEU ikariro inokwezva zvikuru kupfuura kusara muPrester-Britit UK. Kubatana kweIreland hakusisirizve kwemirangariro kana kuti nhau; kuri kuwedzera kukura kwechirongwa chePurday Accoultism nokuda kwekunzvera muganhu kugovera gadziriro yakaronge iripo, yedemocracy nokuda kwokunzvera ikoku, uko kungadai kwakava kusingafungiki mukati me Nhadziro.

Maonero Anoita Kuti Vanhu Vabatane uye Kuoma Kwokuzivikanwa Kwevaviri

Kunzwisisa zvizere pesvedzero yeChibvumirano paurudzi, kuri madikanwa kurangarira kuita kwomubatanidzwa nokuzivikanwazve kwakatevera kwezivikanwo munzanga dzose. Vabatanidzwa vazhinji pakutanga vakashora Chibvumirano, vachichirangarira setendero kuruganda uye nzvimbo inotsvedza kuchinzwana cheIreland. Makore apakuvamba eGungano akaratidzirwa nenyumwiro yemubatanidzwa nenjodzi dzenhambo nenjodzi, zvakadai senharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro peIRA commong nokuchinja mapurisa. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva, mwero mukuru wevabatanidzwa wakasvika pakugamuchira Chibvumirano segadziriro yakanakisisa inowanika yokuchengeta nzvimbo yeNorthern Ireland muUK.

Chinokosha zvikuru, kuzivikanwa kweChibvumirano chekuMadokero kwezvikamu zvizhinji kwakakurudzira kukura kwe "Northern Ireland" chizivikanwo icho chinopfuura kukamukamuraniswa kwegamuchidzanwa reIrish. Chifo cha1998, mwero wavanhu muNorthern Ireland vanozvirondedzera vamene se "Northern Ireland" yakakwira zvishoma. Mukuwirirana ne2021 Centresubreasure muNorthern Ireland, 31.9% yavabvunzi vanoziviswa se "British," 29.1% se "Northern Ireland" uye 22.2% se "Irish". Chikamu che "Northern Ireland" hachina kuvapo sechisarusarudzo pamberi pomuitiro worugare; ichibereko chakananga chechiono chenzanga chakabatana. Chizivikanwa ichi chinowanzobatanidzwa nechido chekudarumwe , chikamuraniso chemagaro chemagariro, chishoma, uye kurwisana nechero chetsika.

Zvinetso Zvenguva Ino uye Mitemo Yechibvumirano

Pasinei zvapo nezviitwa zveChibvumirano, pesvedzero yazvo pazivikanwo nourudzi hazvina gakava. Masangano anopa simba akamiswa kanoverengeka, misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikurusa kubva muna 2017 kusvikira muna 2020 nemhaka yegakava pamusoro pomutauro weIreland neroorano imwe cheteyo. Nhaka yeZvinetso inoramba ichikwikwidzana zvikuru, nemibvunzo isina kugadziriswa pamusoro peyananiso, ruramisiro, uye kubatwa kwavananyajambwa. Vamwe vamatikami avanhu vanorangarira kuti Chibvumirano hachina kufamba zvikuru mukurangarira kusaruramisira kwakapfuura, zvakadai sokuuraya kweSvondo yeBloony kana kuti kupondwa kwa 1989 kwemutengi Pat Finuc. Vamwe vanotaura kuti Chibvumirano chacho kazhinji kazhinji chine tsigadziko yezvamatongerwe enyika yakasimba pamberi pezvinodikanwa zvavanyajambwa.

Brexit yaisa Chibvumirano mukusaenzana. Chibvumirano cheNorthern Ireland, chakagadzirirwa kudzivisa muganhu wakaoma pachitsuwa cheIreland, chakaparira muganhu wetsika wetsika pakati peGreat Britain neNorthern Ireland, iyo masangano anokwikwidza kusekesa nzvimbo yeNorthern Ireland muUK. Kusagadzikana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunoparirwa nekurukurirano pamusoro pezivikanwo nouchangamire. Kureva kuti vamati venyika dzakawanda, mutemo wakaratidza ukoshi hweEU namano okubatira pamwe kwemuchinjikwa; nokuti vakabatana, vakatowedzera kutya kukweverwa zvishoma nezvishoma muIreland yakabatana. Kusagadzikana kweChibvumirano kwakaedzwa, asi nheyo dzacho dzakaedzwa, asi simba rawo, simba rinobvumira, uye ruremekedzo rwezvinokosha chete.

Mugumisiro: Kupesvedzera Kusingaperi

Chibvumirano cheGood Chirefu Hakuna kugumisa gakava pamusoro pezivikanwo yeIreland kana kuti urudzi; rakarishandura. Kupfurikidza nokuisa kuva napamutemo kwemitevedzero yakawanda, kugovera mikoto yedemokrase nokuda kwezvishuvo zvenyika, uye kudzongonyedza nheyo yebvumirano, Chibvumirano chakabvisa urudzi hweIreland pamasimba masimba uye kurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika. Chakabvumira chizivikanwo chechiIrish muNorthern Ireland kuratidzirwa nenzira yakasununguka, netsika, uye pasina kutya. Panguva imwe cheteyo, chakaparira nzvimbo itsva yezvido zvokudaviso zvehurumende yeIrish /-chesterland"(*tokubuda, kuputsa magariro echipiri akanga arondedzera rwisano kwamakumi amakore.

Makore makumi maviri namashanu zvichienda mberi, pesvedzero yeChibvumirano iri pachena mukubudirira kwezvikoro zvemutauro weIreland, kupemberera kwavose kwetsika dzeGaelec, uye kukura, kana pane dzimwe nguva kukakura, gakava rezvamatongerwe enyika pamusoro penguva yemberi yechitsuwa. Urudzi hweIreland nhasi hwakaoma zvikuru, hwakava nechivimbo zvikuru, uye hwamadhirogiramu kupfuura zvahwakanga huri muna 1998. Good Wearth Account haina kubudisa Ireland yakabatana, asi yakaita kuti kurondwa kwenharidzano iyoyo inobvira pasina hondo. Ikoko chiitwa chinopfuurira kuumba kuzivikanwa kwamamirioni avanhu muIreland neBritain.

Kuwedzera kurava: nokuda kwokunzverwa kwamashoko ane udzame orugwaro rweChibvumirano, ona shanduro yehurumende yeUK . [[FLT]] [FLT]] CAIN Archive paUlster University inogovera muunganidzwa wakazara wamagwaro netsinhiro. Nokuda kwemifungo yapanguva ino pamusoro pezivikanwo, bvunza [ Northern Ireland Life neTime Survery .