Chipikirwa chapurezidhendi chebasa chinopfuura kudzokororwa kwomutemo; iko kuyera kwechibvumirano netsika kwakaumba tsika dzeAmerica kweanopfuura mazana amakore maviri. Makore mana ari ose, purezidhendi-atongi anomira pamberi porudzi uye anotaura mashoko makumi matatu namashanu ayo anosunga mukuru mukuru kuBumbiro remitemo, mutemo, uye republic. Ichi chiito, chakavakirwa mu [[FLT: 0]], chakavakirwa mu [magariro] echipoti, Chikamu II, Chikamu 1, Clausle 8 cheU.S. Chibvumirano chemitemo yemitemo yezvamatongerwe enyika [, ivimbiso yapachena chinotakura pamutemo, chirevo, uye kurema kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Chipiso chinorevawo chibvumirano chehurumende chavanhu vose. Chinovawo chitsiko chakavawo nguva apo boka renyika yose rinochinjika, asi chinoitwawo nguva inosimbiswa pachena kupfurikidza nezvinoumba zvenyika zvapasi. Chibvumirano chinoitwa nehurumende chinoitwa nehurumende chinoitwa pamwe chete. Chitendero chenyika chinoitwa chinoitwa muhurumende chinoitwa munyika yose. Chino chinoenderera chaitawo

Mavambo Ebumbiro Remitemo Nenhau Eoath

Vavariro Dzezvidimbu

Vamiriri veBumbiro reMitemo vakanga vachiitira hanya zvikuru kuumba hurumende yamasimba akaganhurirwa, yakasungwa nomutemo. Mhiko yehofisi yakanga iri nzira yavo yokuvimbisa kuti purezidhendi, somukuru mukuru, aizoramba ari pasi pomutemo weBumbiro remitemo. Alexander Hamilton akanyora muFederalist No. 69 kuti mhiko yapurezidhendi "itsika chaiyo uye yakakomba yokuzivisa kuti ndiye muchengeti wemitemo werusununguko dzevanhu. VaFrames vakaramba umambo umo shoko romukuru mukuru raidzora; panzvimbo pezvo, vakavaka riphabliki umo kunyange mukuru mukuru mukuru mukuru wehurumende akapika kutsika inonyorwa. Mhiko yakaiswa muChikamu II, kwete Chikamu I, kusimbisa kuti bazunuro guru rakanga riri rebumbiro remitemo. Iyi yakanga iri pfungwa huru panguva inodzo inodzorwa mugadziriro yemitemo yeAmerica. Chipikirwano chemitemo chinoitwa muhurumende chakafanana nechambo chakaitwa mubumbiro racho, chinoitwa pasi pese. Chibvumirano chacho chakaitwa kutotichinototichino chakaitwa. Chiteshi chakaitwa chinoitwa chinoitwa chinoitwa chinoitwa chinoitwa chinoitwa. Chiteshichino cha

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwemashoko Akavanzika

Bumbiro reMitemo rinodudza mashoko chaiwoiwo emhiko: "Ndinopika zvakakomba (kana kuti ndinosimbisa) kuti ndichashandisa nokutendeka Hofisi yaPurezidhendi weUnited States, uye ndichawedzera kwakanakisisa kwesimba rangu, chengeta, dzivirira nokudzivirira Bumbiro remitemo reUnited States. Nenzira inonzwika, mashoko okuti "ndibetserei Mwari" haaoneki munzvimbo iri yose. Bva, gamuchidzanwa rinodavira kuti [[FLD:0] George Washington anokuwedzera pashure pokuita mhiko yake yokutanga mukutsaumbika kwake mu1789[FLM]. Ruvimbiko rweiyi udzame runokurukurwa navekare, asi gamuchidzanwa rwazova runenge munzvimbo iri yose chifo chapanyuko chinenge chapashure pezana ramakore rechi19. Nhasi, mamiriro ezvinhu ose anoshandisa Bhaibheri uye anoti "ndibatsire Mwari" kunyange zvazvo murairo wechitendero chakajeka asingabvumiri kuzivisa gamuchidzanwa. Ruzivo rwetsika rwamagaro rwetsika runoto rwaro, kunyange rugwaro rwapakuvamba runobvumira kugadziriswa.

Kushandisa Mutambo

Kutarisirwa kwemhiko kwazova mutambo unorongwa nokungwarira. Ruramisiro huru yeUnited States inowanzoshandisa mhiko, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vakaita kudaro muzviitiko zvokutevedzana. Nzvimbo yachinja kubva paFederal Hall muNew York kuenda kuCapitol Masitepisi eWashington, D.C., kuratidzira kukura kwerudzi uye kuiswa kwesimba. Kushandiswa kwemhuri, kazhinji kazhinji kunozarukira kundima ine revo. Muna 1963, Lymon B. Johnson akatora mhiko paMupombi weProleti pashure peKennedynern, achishandisa kupotera kweKaturike kubva kuna John F Kennedy. Zvinhu, zvinoratidzira kupfuurira pakati pengwavaira yengwavaira. Muna 201, Chiviso chinoitwa kuMutongi Robert anoshandisa chipikirwa chaMongaledge Biden, uyo akashandisa chifukishatiso cheBhaibheri cheBhaibheri cheBhaibheri cheBhaibheri cheBhaibheri cheBhaibheri cheBhaibheri, chinoratidzira kupupura kwake chapachena. Chikwana ichi chinoitwa pachena murungamiriro chapachena chakajeka chapachena chakajeka pachena. Chiretichi chinoitwa mushanduro chakajeka chapachena chakajeka chapachena chinoto chenyika chakajeka. Chinoitwa

Kupika Kwokufananidzira uye Kufananidzira

Bhaibheri Rinombovakwa

Chifananidzo chapurezidhendi ane ruoko paBhaibheri ndechimwe chezvinokosha zvikurusa mumatongerwe enyika eAmerica. Nokuda kwavaAmerica vazhinji, chinoratidzira chikomborero choumwari paudzori hutsva uye musengwa womunhu oga wokutonga kwetsika. Zvisinei, havasi vapurezidhendi vose vakashandisa Bhaibheri. John Quincy Adams vakashandisa mhiko pabhuku remitemo, achisimbisa kuzvipira kwake kunheyo dzapamutemo. Theodore Rooselt haana kushandisa Bhaibheri apo akapikirwa pashure pokuputsa kwa McKinley. Uye muna 2021, Mune 2021, Mutungamiriri wehurumende Kamara Harrisris akashandisa maBhaibheri maviri mukuita kuratidzira kuviri kwegamuchidzanwa nenzvimbo inopesana. Chisarudzo charo cheBhaibheri kana kuti kwete Bhaibheri, uye icho chinotakura uko kurema kwokufananidzira icho icho purezidhendi wenyika inoumba. Chino chenyika cheBhaibheri chiono chikuru cheBhaibheri Bhaibheri paruoko rwechipfupi. Chipo chekuonekwa chapurezidhendi chechiremera chikuru chechiremera chechiremera, kana kuti chinoitwa nesimba guru, kana kuti chivereviti dare chinoitwa pachena.

Nzvimbo Nevoruzhinji

Mhiko yacho inogara ichiitwa munzanga, mazana ezviuru paNational Mall uye mamirioni anoramba achitarira paterevhizheni. Rutivi urwu rwapachena runokosha: uchapupu hwokutamisirwa kwesimba nechiyeuchidzo chokuti purezidhendi anobatira pamufaro wavanhu. Nzvimbo ine revo yokufananidzira pamwe chete. Kupika paCapitol, neDare rePamusorosoro neRaibhurari reCongress zviri pedyo, kunoisa kuva mugadziriro yapamutemo yakafara. Rudzirwo rwetsika rwetsika yacho runosimbisawo nheyo yokujeka nokuzvidavirira. Purezidhendi haagoni kuita mhiko yacho pachivande; kunofanira kuitwa mukurangarira kwakazara rudzi, kuvamba chibvumirano chavose. Uku kwakaita chipikiso chorudzi rwose. Chinoumba chinoitwa norudzi rwavanhu vose, pasinei zvapo nezvamatongerwe enyika.

Muhara Nokufambiswa Kwesimba Kworugare

Zvichida revo hurusa yemhiko ibasa rayo mukutamisirwa kworugare kwesimba. Munyika dzakawanda, chinjo dzoutungamiriri dzinoratidzirwa namasimba masimba kana kuti kusagadzikana. muUnited States, purezidhendi anofamba napurezidhendi ari kuuya anobatira pamwe mukuchinja kunoguma mumutambo wemhiko. Uku kupiwa kwesimba kwakaitwa kunoratidza simba remitemo. Chipikiso inguva apo chiremera chapurezidhendi mutsva chinenge chiri chapamutemo, uye inguvawo apo chiremera chapurezidhendi chekare chinopera. Ichi chinjo ine rugare yakaitika kwamazana maviri amakore, kunyange mukati mehondo yavagari vagari vapasi, kupera mwoyo, uye njodzi yezvamatongerwe enyika. [[FLT:] Chitendero cheProrical Housessonsonson [FLD:1] chinotaura kuti kuchinjwa kworugare kwesimba rehurumende yeAmerica, chisimbiso charo charo charo charo charomatongerwe nechati, chirevoidzo mumiteoteoti yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Mutsipa Sechitsigiso Chomutemo

Musengwa Wemagariro Evanhu Vanofanira Kupiwa Mutongo

Mhiko yacho haisi yokungotaurawo hayo. Musoro wedare unopika kuti "chengete, dzivirira, uye dzivirira" Bumbiro reMitemo, iro rinoisa basa rokutarisira. Mutauro uyu wakataurwa mukurukurirano dzedare, mukurukurirano pamusoro pesimba roukuru, uye mudenho dzapamutemo kumabasa apurezidhendi. Somuenzaniso, mukati mechinyadziso cheWatergate, mhiko yakakumbirwa semupimo uyo mabasa aRichan Nixon akayerwa. Chipikiso chinoumba chisungo chapamutemo pakati papurezidhendi negadziriro yapamutemo. Chipikirwa chinogona kuitwa kupfurikidza nemiitiro yezvamatongerwe enyika yekusabvumirana nomurangariro wavose uye kupfurikidza nedare ravose. Nokudaro mhiko yacho inobatira sezvose zviri zviviri mupimo wapamutemo nomufambiro wapurezidhendi, chinoyeuchidza kuti chiremera chomutemo chinotenderwa.

Kuzvidavirira Kwakaitwa Mutungamiriri Wehurumende

Mhiko inheyo yokuzvidavirira kwapurezidhendi kuBumbiro reMitemo. Kana purezidhendi akaputsa mhiko kupfurikidza nechiremera chikuru chebumbiro remitemo kana kuti kukundikana kushandisa mutemo nokutendeka, mushonga wacho unopesana. Imba yavamiririri ine simba rimwe rokusaita chinhu, uye Dare rinoedza kuzvidavirira. Muzvose zviri zviviri Simba naClinton kuzvidavirira, kupika kwakanyorwa sechitendero chetsika. Kupika kwacho kunobatira semupimo uyo purezidhendi anokarirwa kutsigira, uye kuputsa kwacho ihwaro hwokubvisa. Basa remhiko mukuva nemhaka yesimba roukurukota, rinoyeuchidza vapurezidhendi kuti chiremera chavo chinowirirana nokutendeka kwavo kubumbiro remitemo. Iyi inzira yokuzvidavirira yetsika yeAmerica.

Basa Remuoath Musimba Rinodzora

Mhiko yacho yakashandiswa kururamisa zvose zviri zviviri tsananguro huru nedzisina kuganhurirwa dzechiremera chapurezidhendi. Chishandiso chakapfava icho purezidhendi akakumbira kutsigira zviito zvavo munguva dzenjodzi. Chipikirwa chakadudzwawo mukurukurirano pamusoro pamasimba ehondo nenhau dzokunze. Woodrow Wilson akakumbira mhiko kururamisa kupinda kweAmerica muHondo yeNyika I, achitaurira kuti basa rake rokudzivirira Bumbiro remitemo rairaira kudzivirira fariro dzenyika kune imwe nyika. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, vapurezidhendi vakadudza mhiko yokubvumira kupindira kwehondo pasina tendero yakajeka, seri muLibya muna 2011 neSyria 2014. Chipikiso chacho chinoshanda samanyuko echiremera pakati pamapazu ehondo akaoma zvikuru. Zvidzidzo zviviri zvenhau zvakaenzanisirazve simba iri.

Fundo Yenhau: Lincoln Nehondo Yavagari Vemo

Abraham Lincoln akaita zviito zvakarebesa simba rehurumende kusvikira paganhuriro dzaro. Akarembedza habeas corpus, yakadzikwa pachiteshi chengarava cheSouthern, uye akapedzera mari pasina kutenderwa nedare. Akaruramisa zviito izvi kupfurikidza nokunongedzera kumhiko yake yokudzivirira Bumbiro remitemo. MuJuly 4, 1861 kuChibvumirano chake, Lincoln akataura kuti Mutemo waida kuti aite matanho ose anokosha kuchengetedza Union. Chipikirwa, nokuda kwaLincoln, chaiva murayiro wokuita chiito chakasimba zvakasimba munjodzi huru. Akaisa zviito zvake sokuzadzika kwebasa rake remitemo, panzvimbo pokuzviputsa. Kududzira chibvumirano ichi chekuchengetedzwa sechibvumirano chave chakava nesimba rokutarisira zvinhu, kugadza muenzaniso wezviito zvakasimba munguva dzehurumende munyika yose.

Fundo Yenhau: FDR Nechirongwa Chitsva

Franklin D. Roosevelt akakumbirawo mhiko kururamisa chiito chikuru chokutonga. Mukati moKuderera Kukuru kweMitemo. FDR yakasundwa muNew Depression, ichiita purogiramu dzehurumende pamwero usingaenzaniswi. Apo Dare Rapamusorosoro rakarova dzimwe dzezvirongwa zvake, akakarakadza chirongwa chedare rokusaidzira. Vashori vake vakamupomera mhaka yokuputsa mhiko yake kupfurikidza nokusekesa kuparadzanisa masimba. FDR, zvisinei, yakataura kuti mhiko yake yaida kuti ashandise mutoo wose wemitemo kuti ataure nezvechakakomba chorudzi. Uku kuoma pakati pemhiko sechitsigo nemhiko sechino chinodzorwa sechidzodzodzodzokororwa munhau yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica. Chipikiso chacho manyuko okubvumira kubvumira pamutemo neganhurnwa kwemitemo uye kuganhurirwa kwemitemo, uye rezvinoreva kazhinji munhambo yechinetso, kuratidzira kukwidzano yesimba.

Pesvedzero Yeoath Patsika Dzezvamatongerwe Enyika dzeAmerica

Oath Semanyuko Omutemo

Mhiko yacho inoisa maruramiro pautungamiriri. Pasinei zvapo nokuti kusarudzwa kwacho kunokamuranisa sei kana kuti rudzi rwakakamuraniswa sei, mhiko yacho inobatira sebutiro rokudzorera. Kana mhiko yangoitwa, purezidhendi ane maruramiro kuchiremera chehofisi. Uku kuva pamutemo kunokosha nokuda kwokutonga; kunobvumira purezidhendi kupa mirairo yehurumende, kuraira mauto, uye kumirira rudzi rwacho. Chipikiso itsika inoshandura mutendikiri mutungamiriri kuva mutungamiriri wehurumende. Ipfundo apo chiremera chapurezidhendi hachisati chichatorwazve kubva murusarudzo, asi kutsika yemitemo imene. Iri basa rinokosha mukuchengeta ruvimbiko rwavose muhofisi uye gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kubatana Kwenyika

Munhambo dzechikamu chorudzi, mhiko inogona kubatira sesimba rinobatanidza. Pashure pekuvhota 2020, kwakaratidzirwa nerwisano huru, Purezidhendi Joe Biden mutambo wemhiko wakanga uri nhambo yokusimbiswazve kwemipimo yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Mhiko inoyeuchidza vaAmerica kuti pasinei zvapo nemisiyano yavo, vanogoverana musengwa mumwe kuubati ushe hwebumbiro remitemo. Itambo yokufananidzira inobatanidza nguva inowirirana neyazvino uno. Mhiko yacho ndiimwe yemiitiro mishomanene muupenyu hwezvamatongerwe enyika hweAmerica inoraira nguva dzose kuremekedza masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika. Inguva apo rudzi rwakabatana runotendeukira kubumbiro remitemo nenheyo dzinobatanidzwa, inoisa nhambo pfupi yezvibvumirano mukudaviro zvorudzi.

Dzidzo Yemaoath Neyemiviri

Mhiko yacho yazovawo chinhu chikuru chedzidzo yehurumende muUnited States. Vana vechikoro vanodzidza pamusoro pemhiko serutivi rwokufunda kwavo Bumbiro reMitemo. Mashoko okuti "chengetedzo, dzivirira, uye dziviriro" anowanzonokorwa mashoko mukurukurirano dzebasa roupurezidhendi. Mhiko yacho inonangidzirwawo mumiitiro yokuberekwa kwemunhu, apo vagari vatsva vanopika kuti vatsigire Bumbiro remitemo, vachinyora musiyano pakati pemhiko yavo neyapurezidhendi. Iyi dzidzo inobetsera kutsigira tsika dzemitemo. Ribriary yeCress of Congresss [[ inogovera mashoko enhau nokuda kwemhiko, kuinoita chikopo nokuda kwavagari vemo uye nyanzvi. Kupfurikidza nokupika mudzidzo yavagari vemo, rudzi runosimbisa mipimo yetsika yemitemo yemitemo yeAmerica, kusimbisa mutoro wematomutezotezo.

Murayiro Mumatongerwe Enyika Anovapo Panguva Ino

Gakava Razvino Uno

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, mhiko yave iri musimboti wenharo dzezvematongerwe enyika. Vamwe vapurezidhendi vakasarudza kushandisa magwaro akasiana kana kuti kwete, vachinyandura kurukurirano pamusoro pokuparadzana kwechechi nehurumende. Muna 2017, Purezidhendi Trump akashandisa maBhaibheri maviri, kubatanidza rimwe raakapiwa naamai vake, uye vakapika noruoko rwake paBhaibheri. Muna 2021, Purezidhendi Biden akashandisa Bhaibheri rave riri mumhuri yake chifo cha 1893. Zvisarudzo izvi zvinosanoongororwa nokuda kwerevo yazvo yokufananidzira. Kurangarira pamusoro pe "jongondi betsera Mwari" kwakapfuurirawo; vamwe vapurezidhendi vakarisiya, nepo vamwe vakarisimbisa. Muna 2013, Porezidhenti Obama akashandisa Bhaibheri asi haana kushandisa nzvimbo yake parapiso yake mukati pakuvamba, mirangariro yake yorudzidziso pamusoro penhau yenharo yenhau yechitendero.

Kuchinja Kwemaoath Nematongerwe Enyika

Munhambo yezvibvumirano zvakakomba zvezvamatongerwe enyika, mhiko inoramba iri pfundo risingawanzoitiki rebvumirano. Vose vari vaviri Democrates naRepablicans vanosimbisa ukoshi hwemhiko, kunyange sezvo vasingabvumirani nemitemo. Mhiko dzinokumbirwa muhurukuro nekurukurirano setsika yomufambiro wapurezidhendi. Zvisinei, vamwe vanopikisa kuti mhiko yakashandiswa kururamisa simba rehurumende gurusa, uye kuti kuzvipira kwayo kwakaputswa naGenesi. Simba remhiko rokubatana rinoedzwa munhambo dzose dzesarudzo. Bva, idikanyo yokuti mhiko yacho inotsigirwa nguva dzose sechiratidzo chokuvimbika kwebumbiro remitemo inochengeta simba rayo kukurira mapoka makuru. Chipikiso chingava chimwe chemiitiro mishoma yasara yetsika yavo inowirirana yemitemo inowirirana zvikuru, kunyange zera renguva inowirirana.

Simba Risingaperi Renzvimbo Yapasi

Mhiko yapurezidhendi yebasa ichinhu chiduku asi chine simba chetsika dzeAmerica. Mumashoko makumi matatu namashanu chete, inoisa misengwa yakakomba yeRepublic: kuvimbika kuBumbiro remitemo, kupiwa kwomutemo, uye kupfuudzwa kworugare kwesimba. Mhiko yacho yakashanduka munguva, kupinza magamuchidzanwa orudzidziso netsika, asi mamiriro ayo ezvinhu anoramba asina kuchinjwa. Mutsika inoumba chiremera chapurezidhendi uye inova namabhishopi anozvidavirira kutsika. Rudzi zvarwuringana nedenho itsva, kupika kuchapfuurira kushanda sechiratidzo chehurumende yedemocracy uye chiziviso chenyika yose. Itsika mhesvo inobatanidza kudzo itsva imwe neimwe nechiono chaVavambi veAmerica uye kupfuurira kugara munheyo, vatungamiriri vose vari vaviri vanoyeuchidza kuti vagari vemo vasa vomunyika inovi.