Sumo

Kwamakumi amakore, Indo-Paciophic yave iri imba yepakati yemiitiro yokumwe yeAustralia. Sesimba rapakati rine upfumi hwakaiswa muganhu mukuru, kukurukurirana kweCanberra, chengeteko, uye mamiriro enzvimbo zvakarongeka hazviwanzosarudzwa nepfungwa bedzi. Panzvimbo pezvo, zvakaumbwa zvikuru nePragmicatic, uye kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvine simba, fariro dzenzanga yebhizimisi rayo renyika. Kubva pamigodhi yesimbi yemigodhi yevhuro yeWestern Australia kusvikira kuyunivhesiti yeMelbourney nehoro yebhanging yeSydney, masumo ezvokutengeserana anoshanda sesimba guru pamiitiro yemiitiro yokunzeve. Kunzwisisa uku ukama hwezvokudyidzana hunokosha kudzorwa kweAustralia, mibatanidzwa yezvibvumirano, mibatanidzwa yezvirongwa zvenyika yeOstreti, uye nzvimbo yeruwa.

Nhoroondo: Kubva Pakudzivirira Kusvika Pakuoma Kwemari

Kuchinja kwezvemari kweAustralia chinhu chichangobva kuitika. Pamberi pama1980, upfumi hwakanga hwadzivirirwa zvikuru, hwaizivikanwa nemapurisa akakwirira uye urongwa hwemari hwaidzorwa nevakawanda. Mitemo yokumwe yakarondedzerwa zvikurukuru nedzidziso ye “Shamwari Huru Nedzine Simba”.

Hurukuro dzeHawke neKudya dzehurumende dzeMa 1980 namavambo a1990 dzakaputsa yakawanda yeiyi gadziriro yokudzivirira. Kuverevedza kwemadhora eAustralia, kudzorwa kwechikamu chebhangi, uye kudzorwa kukuru kwemari kwakamanikidzira upfumi kuva makwikwi munyika yose. Iyi chinjo yezvemari yakanga ine revo huru dzemiitiro yokunze. Australia haina kurangarira Asia setyisidziro asi somusika wayo mukuru. Kuumbwa kweAsia-Paciency Economic Cooperation (APEC) wakanga uri muuyo wakananga weiyi pfungwa itsva inotarira upfumi kunze kwenyika, yakatsigirwa navatungamiriri veAustralia vanotsvaka kuisa nyika muungwaro mukuru wezvipo.

Hurumende yeHoward (1996-2007) yakapeta nakaviri paiyi nzira, kusaina zvibvumirano zvebhizimisi zvapachena neSingapore, Thailand, uye zvinokosha zvikurusa, United States (AUSFTA). Pakasvika 2010, jambwa rezvemari reAustralia rakanga rakabatanidzwa neAsia. China yakanga yava mushandisi wayo mukurusa, kutenga zvitsama zvikuru zvesimbi, marasha, uye gasi romusikirwo (LNG). Zvemari yakaraira muitiro wokumwe nyika wokuvimbisana, wakarongedzerwa kudzosa kurwisana neBeijing kunyange senhauro yetsika inowirirana pamusoro peSouth China neICern . [FLT:]

Masangano Anokosha Ezvemabhizimisi Anokanganisa Kupa Chipo Chinonzi Agenda

Pfungwa huru ye “fariro dzebhizimisi” inobatanidza marudzi akasiyana - siyana ezvikamu, chimwe nechimwe chine zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemiitiro zvisiri zvenyika. Kunzwisisa zvinodikanwa chaizvo zveaya maindasitiri kunoratidza chikonzero nei Australia ichiisa mikana yakati nemitemo pane dzimwe.

Kuchera Nokuchinja Kwesimba

Hapana chikamu chinoratidzira simba rebhizimisi reAustralia mumuitiro wokumwe kupfuura migodhi nezviwanikwa. Makambani akadai seBHP, Rio Tinto, uye Fortescue anounza mabhiriyoni mumitengo, zvikurukuru kubva kuzvinotumirwa kuAsia. Nhaka dzawo dzakananga: kuchengeteka kwokupinda mumisika, mikoto yengarava yakazaruka, uye mhoteredzo dzemari dzinotsiga. Minerals Council yeAustralia[ ndirimwe ramapoka anobudirira zvikurusa anokwevera kusidzira munyika, nguva dzose anosimudzira zvibvumirano zvebhizimisi zvapachena nemitemo inorwisana nezvokudzosamari zvingadzongodzosa kutengesa.

Ikoku kunoshandura zvakananga kupinda mumiitiro yokumwe. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) inopa zvinhu zvinokosha kutsigira nzvimbo yemigodhi kupfurikidza nokuwana bhizimisi. Australia-Cchina Free Trade Agreement (CHAFTA) ya 2015, yakabvisa zvikamu zvesimba nezviwanikwa, yakanga iri rukundo rukuru nokuda kwenzvimbo yokukwirira. Kutarira mberi, “michina inotambudza” kukura kwejechairema yaro. $lithium, cobalt, nyika dzinoshaikwakwai, dzinoita mao adzoro matsva, kufambidzanisa naUnited States, Japan, neSouth Korea kuti dzichengetedze majeko kubva kunzvimbo dzezvikwata zveChina.

Rima Nebhizimisi reAgri

Kurima kweAustralia inzvimbo yakakwirira, inosiiwa zvikuru nenzvimbo inosiiwa nenzvimbo inosiiwa zvikuru neIndo-Paccial. Beef, waini, bhari, gorosi, uye mvere zvinoendeswa kumisika iri munharaunda. Muitiro wokunze unoda kuiswa padziviriro yemitengo, zvibvumirano zvokuparadza, uye kubviswa kwemijenya.

Pesvedzero yenzvimbo yezvokurima yakaratidzirwa zvikuru mukati mekusawirirana kwebhizimisi naChina 2020-2023. Apo Beijing yakaisa mirau yakakwirira pawaini yeAustralia, bhari, uye nyama yenyama, nzanga yavarimi yakatakura bvudzi. Ikoku kwakaparira dzvinyiriro huru yezvamatongerwe enyika pahurumende kupedza kurukurirano, kupesvedzera chimiro negadziriro zveChanberraberra pamusoro peBeijing. Kukwidziridza kwenzvimbo nokuda kwokutengeswa kwakavawo netsoropo dzemisi yemisika yemisika, kubatanidza Australia-India Economic Cooperation and Trade Active (ACMALIC).[FLD 1:1]

Dzidzo Yenyika Yose Nesimba Rishoma

Dzidzo yenyika yose ibasa gurusa rinosimudzirwa kunze kwenyika reAustralia, rinopfuura mabhiriyoni $30 gore negore. Pesvedzero yechikamu pamasangano okumwe inonyengera asi yakadzama. Inosunda gadziriro yevhiza, inokurudzira nzira dzinofamba dzakazaruka, uye inoita mibatanidzwa yealmuni muIndo-Pacific.

Kugamuchirwa kwemisha yakarongwa nokuda kwokugadzirwa kwevhiza yavadzidzi, maruramiro ebasa pashure pedzidzo, uye gadziriro dzinofadza dzokubuda munyika. Ikoku kwakaita Department of Home Affairs mugonanyo dzezvemari. Kupfuurirazve, muuyo wemiuyo itsime resimba rakapfava. Mazana ezviuru zvavatungamiriri vomunguva yemberi vanobva Indonesia, Malaysia, India, uye China akadzidza muAustralia, achiumba bhizimisi namatongerwe enyika izvo zvinoparira kutengeserana kwakafara nokutenga mari.

Muzinda Wemari Nekushandisa Zvikuru

Dziva reAustralia remubatanidzwa wemari inokwana $3,5 mabhiriyoni (mari inokwana mari) manyuko makuru edzimbahwe rezvemari rinotsvaka kudzokerwa muIndo-Pacific. Mamaneja emari nebhangi anoda mhoteredzo dzakatsiga dzemitemo, gadziriro dzemitemo dzinoratidzira, uye mitemo yezvemari.

Fariro dzemiitiro yezvemari dzeimwe nyika dzinonangidzira ngwariro pazvibvumirano zvemitengo yemari yebhiteoria (BBIT) nebatira pamwe inodzorwa. Mabhangi eAustralia akawedzera zvikuru kupinda muAsia, uye chengeteko yawo inotsamira pakugadzikana kwemari kwenharaunda. Chikamu chitsigiri chakasimba chezvivako zvenharaunda seASEAN+3 Macronomic Underceal Office uye kusunda tsinhirano mumiraudzo yemari. Zvinowanzova nenhevedzano yemitemo, kuchigovera simba rinopesana nezvishuvo zvokuzvikamu zvakazvimirira zvikuru.

Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvezvombo Nezvokugadzira Zvinhu Zvakagadzirwa Neunyanzvi

Bhizimisi rokuzvidzivirira riri kuwedzera uye rine simba mune zvematongerwe enyika, kunyanya AUKUS, rakawana mari yakawanda kwazvo muindasitiri iyi, richigadzira nzvimbo ine simba yokushandisa mari yokuzvidzivirira yakakwirira uye kubatana kukuru kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu neUnited States nemakambani akadai seBE Systems, Lürssen, uye Austal anokosha zvikuru pakuzivikanwa kweAustralia.

Pesvedzero yechikamu ichi inosunda muitiro wokunze kunzvimbo yakakotsekana zvikuru. Inobetserwa nokurondedzerwa kwetyisidziro dzenharaunda uye kudikanwa kwokudzivisa. Indasitiri yokudzivirira inosunda zvisarudzo zvokuwana, zvakadai sokuda kuvaka ngarava dzomunzvimbomo, uko kune pesvedzero huru dzemibatanidzwa yezvokutengeserana. Kunoparirawo simba guru rezvebhizimisi nokuda kwechibvumirano cheUS, kuchiita kuti kubviswa kwesangano rezvoupfumi risafungidzirwe nechoupfumi kuWashington kuve kusingafungiki.

Michina Yokupesvedzera Miitiro Yemitemo

Fariro dzebhizimisi hadzingoerekani dzangorereka bedzi mumhepo yakapoteredza pasi; dzinopinzwa nokushingaira mumuitiro kupfurikidza namasangano akatangwa. “suo rinotenderera” pakati pehurumende namasangano ebhizimisi rinonyorwa zvakanaka muCanberra, naaichimbova vashumiri vachitora zvikepe zvavakuru vakuru mumugodhi, mari, uye makambani edziviriro.

Kuda kuita masangano kwakawanda zvikuru. Business Council yeAustralia, Sumber of Commerce and Industry, uye urengarenga hwechikamu hwakafanana neMinerals Council hunodzorwa nedare reMinerals. Mamishoni ebhizimisi anowanzodzorwa nevakuru vakuru naVafundisi vamabhizimisi, achidzika mitsetse pakati pehurumende nekutengeserana. Mipiro yezvamatongerwe enyika, nepo ichidzorwa, ichiri kuyerera zvikuru kumativi makuru ose, ichivimbisa kuti bhizimisi ripinde mumikoto yesimba.

Fundo Dzemhosva: Mabhizimisi Mukugadzirwa Kwemitemo Yokumwe

Kunzvera nhano dzakananga dzemiitiro yokumwe kunozivisa nhevedzano inooneka yepesvedzero yemakambani.

Kutarisira Chirango cheChina

Ukama hweAustralia neChina muenzaniso wakajeka zvikurusa wemiitiro yebhizimisi yokumwe. Kwamakumi maviri amakore, bhizimisi rakatungamirira kunyoreswa nokuda kweroorano. “Australia-China bipaneataria” yakanga iri, munzira dzakawanda, chirongwa chesangano. Apo kusawirirana kukuru kwakatanga pamusoro pokurambidzwa kwaHuawei uye kutsoropodzwa kwokubata kweCHOVID-19 kweChina, nzanga yebhizimisi yakatanga kukurudzira ganhuriro.

Zvisinei, sezvo China yakachinjirwa kumanikidzirwa kwezvemari (vabati vewaini, bhari, nyama), nzvimbo yenzanga yebhizimisi yakashanduka. Nepo vachingoda kuvimbisana, zvino vanotsigira nokuda kwe “kuwedzera kwemari” uye“ kuvakwa kwemari.” Lewy Institute [ inotaura zvakajeka iyi chinjo mukunzvera kwayo. Muitiro unovapo muwirirano: kudzivirira ukama hwemari apo kuvaka kupfurikidza neAUTUS neQuad.

AUKUS Nenzvimbo Yemaindasitiri

AUKUS inowanzokurukurwa nenzira yakananga, asi muitiro wakaenzana wenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu. chisarudzo chokuvaka ngarava dzinofamba nepasi pegungwa dzine simba renyukireya muSouth Australia imhinduro yakananga kusimba rinokwevera simba reindasitiri yedziviriro nesangano remibatanidzwa, izvo zvine batano dzakasimba kukugadzira.

Chibvumirano chinoparira mabhiriyoni $300 (Z $34 000 000) epurogiramu inokiya mumigove yebhizimisi chaiyo. Fariro dzebhizimisi seri AUKUS dzinotsigira muitiro wakaoma weChina negadziriro huru yemichina yokutumira zvinhu. Ikoku kunoparira kukumbira kune simba nokuda kwokuona Indo-Paciod kupfurikidza nebumbiro remakwikwi akarongwa panzvimbo pomukana wakachena wezvokutengeserana, murangariro uyo pane dzimwe nguva unorwisana nebvumirano zvikuru chechikamu chemigodhi.

Nhano YePacific Kukwira

Kudzorwazve kweAustralia nePacific Islands kunodzorwa zvikuru nefariro dzebhizimisi. Gadziriro yeAustralia yeBour Moolity (PALM) inheyo yeiyi purogiramu, inogovera vashandi nokuda kwokurima kweAustralia nepo ichiendesazve mari yePacific. Mabhizimisi eAgriri mutengi mukuru muiyi nhano.

Kupfuurirazve, makambani eAustralia akadai seTelstra ari kukwikwidzana namafemu eChina nokuda kwezvibvumirano zvekurukurirano nefoni munharaunda. Australian Infraclaclailla Fanic Fanibility yePacific (AIFFP) yakagadzirirwa kupa chimwe chinhu kuchikwereti chenyika yeChina chakadzorwa, kuzarura masuo nokuda kweinjiniya yeAustralia nefekitari dzokuvaka. Muitiro wokumwe mutemo ndiko, chaizvoizvo, kuwedzerwa kwakananga kwamakwikwikwi ezvokutengeserana neBeijing nokuda kwepesvedzero munharaunda.

Urombo uye Kurasikirwa Nepesvedzero

Kudzorwa kwemabhizimisi nemitemo yokumwe kunoitwa nevezvemari. Chinetso chikurusa chiri munzvimbo yekodzero dzevanhu. Hurumende yeAustralia yave ichipomerwa mhosva yokuderedza kutsoropodza kwayo kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwekodzero dzevanhu muChina, Myanmar, uye Cambodia kuti idzivirire mikana yokutenga nokuisa mari mubhizimisi.

Gadziriro yemhoteredzo ndiimwe nhambo huru. Australia ndeimwe yedzinotengesa zvinhu zvikurusa dzenyika dzezvinogadzirwa namafuta anocherwa pasi. Simba rinopesvedzera regasi nenzvimbo dzinogadzirwa marasha rakakuita kuti kuve kwakaoma kuti hurumende dzigamuchire miitiro yezvematongerwe enyika inodenha. Ikoku kwakakuvadza kumira kweAustralia namarudzi ePacific Island, ayo aripo tyisidziro dzinovapo kubva kuchinjo yemamiriro okunze uye anotsoropodza Canberra nokuda kwokuparira fariro dzemugodhi kukupukunyuka kwenharaunda. Chiidzo pakati pemhindu yemari nemitemo yetsika yokumwe nyika chinoramba chiri chinetso chikuru, chisingagadziriswi.

Nguva Yemberi Yehurumende Yezvemari

Nyika yaIndo-Pacacription iri kuchinja, uye fariro dzebhizimisi reAustralia dziri kuwirirana nayo. Kukura kweupfumi hweNet Zero kuri kugadzira maindasitiri matsva (zvinonzvera, hydrogen yegirini, carbon cheni) apo kunenge kuchityisidzira makweguru (marasha emvura, gasi). Ikoku kuchadzokorodza pesvedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika yemativi akasiyana- siyana nokufamba kwenguva.

Kukamurwa kwecheni dzenyika yose dzinoshandiswa chimwe chinhu chikuru. Kukakavadzana pakati pe “kubudirira” (kushambadzira kunozarukira China) ne“kugara kwapachivande” (kuda kufambiswa, kubatanidzwa kwemibatanidzwa) kucharondedzera muitiro wokunze kweAustralia kwegumi ramakore rinotevera. Manzwi ebhizimisi achava chinhu chikuru kuiyi kurukurirano. Chikamu chemigodhi chingasunda kupfuurira kuvimbisana kukuru neAsia, nepo vatsigiriri vezvokudzivirira neruzivo rwemibatanidzwa yeUS.

chibvumirano cheAustralia chemiganhu yebhizimisi chicharatidzirawo zvinhu zvokutanga zvebhizimisi. Zvibvumirano neIndia, UK, uye EU zviri kurondwa zvakasimba kuti zviwanise misika inosiiwa kudzimwe nyika. Chiono cheProgry White Paper che “secritive,za, yakazaruka, uye yakabudirira” Ndicho icho bhizimisi reAustralia rinogona kutsigira zvikuru, asi kutsanangurwa kwe“kubatana kwemasangano".

mhedziso

Muitiro wokumwe weAustralia muIndo-Pacidence haugoni kunzwisiswa pasina kuvarira pesvedzero huru neinogara yefariro dzebhizimisi romumba. Kuvambira pachinjo yenhau kukuva nebvumirano yeAsia muma 1980 kusvikira kuchiito chazvino uno chedzikamisa pakati peChina neUnited States, zvinhu zvokutanga zvebhizimisi zvakaumba mamiriro ezvinhu enyika. Ukama ihwohwu hahuna kushata hutsva; rutivi rwomuzvarirwo rwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu nenzvimbo yebhizimisi inoshushikana. Zvisinei, hunova nechinjo huru yezvokutengeserana nenhamo, zvikurukuru pamusoro pekodzero dzavanhu nemhoteredzo yavanhu.

Nokuda kwavadzidzi veukama hwamarudzi ose, nhau yeAustralia inogovera chidzidzo chakajeka: gadziriro yemari inodzora mufambiro unowirirana. Muitiro wokumwe wenguva yemberi uchasarudzwa kwete bedzi netyisidziro nemibatanidzwa, asi nezvinodikanwa zvesimbi, mutengi wokutengesa zvinhu, mutengi wemichina yeyunivhesiti, uye mutsivi wedziviriri. Kunzwisisa iyi nexus kunokosha mukufambisa mageolititiki akaoma kunzwisisa eIndo-Pacific.