Kutangwa kwegadziriro yavose muitiro wakaoma uye unowanzova unokakavadzana, unoumbwa nevazhinji vevatambi namasimba. Pakati pevanopesvedzera zvikurusa vaivava mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika. Samapoka akarongwa anotsvaka kudzora hurumende nokufambisira mberi kurukurirano yendangariro dzakabatana, mapoka anoita basa rinokosha mukugadza purogiramu, kusimudzira tsigiro yavose, uye kushandura zvipikirwa zvavose mumutemo. Kuvaraidzi, vadzidzi, uye vagari vemo vanovimbisa, kunzwisisa kuti mapoka anoshandisa sei pesvedzero iyi inokosha mukunzwisisa simba rehurumende yedemocracyism uye mavambo emitemo inoumba upenyu hwezuva riri rose.

Zvakaita Mapati Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika haasati ari masangano akasiana; iwo mibatanidzwa yavanhu vamwe navamwe (kubva kuvatsigiri vetsandanyama dzeforogos kuti vasarudze vakuru vakuru) vakabatanidzwa nouzivi hwezvematongerwe enyika hunozivikanwa navose nechishuvo chokuumba muitiro wavose. Mabasa awo makuru anobatanidza kunyoresa uye kuisa vadaviri mukurumbira, kutanga chikuva chinoronga mitemo, uye kuunganidza vavhoti kuti vapinde pabvunzi. Kupfuura iyi mibato inosarudzwa, mapoka anobatira sebhiriji pakati pehurumende nehurumende, anoumba fariro dzakasiyana - siyana mugadziriro yemibatanidzwa uye anogovera chirongwa chebatira pamwe chete.

Mumasangano mazhinjisa ehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu, mapoka anomira pamwe chete kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi, kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo dzakananga dzichisiana nenyika. MuUnited States, mapoka makuru maviri — nzvimbo dzeDemocratic neRepublican(encompass yakasiyana- siyana yemirangariro, kubva kutsika dzinofambira mberi kusvikira kutsika. Uku kusiyana kwepfungwa mukati memapoka kunowanzotungamirira kunharo dzomukati nedzechidimbu, asi kunobvumirawo mapoka kukwidza kunzvimbo dzinosarudzwa nevoruzhinji.

Boka Rinochinja Semienzaniso Yemiitiro

Mubato mukuru uri wose unoita chikuva chamarusarudzo nokuda kwenhambo imwe neimwe yesarudzo — icho chinoronga zvinzvimbo zvacho zvemiitiro panhau dzinovambira pamitero nezvoutano kusvikira kudzidzo nenhau dzokunze. Nepo zvikuva zvisingasungiswi, zvinogovera chiratidzo chakajeka chevavariro dzebato ndokubatira senzvimbo inonyandura vatsigiri. Somuenzaniso, chikuva chazvino uno cheRepublican chinosimbisa mitero yakaderera zvikuru, kubvisa murairo, uye kutengesa kwakasununguka nheyo, nepo democratiod diviti inowanzotsigira nokuda kweminamato yakakudzwa yenzanga, dziviriro yemhoteredzo, uye kuenzana kwezvemari.

Michina Yepesvedzero Yeboka Pamutemo Wavose

Izvi zvinogona kunzwisiswa sechikamu chinotanga nokurongwa kwezvirongwa uye kupfurikidza nokuumbwa, kugamuchirwa, kushandiswa, uye kuongororwa.

Agenda: Kuziva Zvinokosha

Chimwe chezvishandiso zvine simba zvikurusa icho boka rine mano okugadza purogiramu yavose. Kupfurikidza nokusarudza kusimbisa nhau dzakati kuti mamiriro ezvinhu akadai sekusaenzana kwezvemari, chengeteko yenyika, kana kuti kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze (jeri renyika) mativi anotungamirira ngwariro yezvinobudisa nhau, voruzhinji, uye vamwe vatambi vezvamatongerwe enyika. Ikoku kunoitwa kupfurikidza nehurukuro, kokorodzano dzemapati, kushambadzira mashoko, uye chirango chemashoko. Somuenzaniso, mukati mamiriro okusarudza a 2020 U.S. Sarudzo yapurezidhendi yeDidemocratic Party yakagadza nguva dzose kuchengeteka kwoutano neruramisiro yedzinza, nepomendizo yeRepublican Party yakanan Party yakananga pamutemo nenhevedzano yetsika nenhevedzano yemari. Nhau dzinodzora kushambadzamakuru kusha kusha kushambadza kupfurikidza nemhina kwezviito zvemitemo.

Kudzorwa Kwomutemo: Mhinduro Dzounyanzvi

Kana nhau yangova padanho, masangano anoshanda kugadzira zvikarakadzo zvakati zvemitemo. Uyu muitiro wokuumba unobatanidza vatungamiriri vebato, nyanzvi dzemiitiro, magariro, uye mapoka ezvisarudzo zvinobatanidzwa nebato. Maginishoni evashandi vemitemo yemapepa, mapepa machena anotenderera, uye matare anovigwa kuti agadzirise pfungwa. Somuenzaniso, chibvumirano cheAffordcable Care Act (ACA), mutemo wetsika yedemocratic Party, wakakudziridzwa kupfurikidza nokubatana kukuru pakati peHouse, matare ezvoutano, uye masangano ezvoutano. Nenzira yakafanana, kutepfekerwa kwechibvumirano kweRepublican Party, chakaumbwa namakumi amakore emitemo yemitero. Partsssssss haapy mumists anoshanda mumitengo, uye masangano ezvokunzvera, anonzvera, masangano ezvo.

Kuvaka Tsigiro Yavose uye Mafungiro Anoshatisa

Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika anoisa mari yakawanda mukuumba murangariro wavanhu kuti vavake tsigiro nokuda kwezvirongwa zvavo zvemiitiro. Ikoku kunowanwa kupfurikidza nezviratidziro zvemapepanhau zvegamuchidzanwa, nhimbe dzesociation, varoosa vemichero, uye kushambadza. Vatungamiriri veboka vanoshanda senhume, vachiisa zvikarakadzo zvavo munzira dzinowirirana navavhoti. Somuenzaniso, vaRepublican vanowanzocheka mutero senzira yokunyandura nayo kukura kwezvemari uye betsero ye “vasiki vemagariro,” nepo Democrats anoumba kukura kwenzanga sezvishandiso zvokuderedza urombo noururaniso. Zvikuva zvavo zvinoshandiswawo zvikuva zvokutsoropodza zvikarakadzo zvetsoro, zvinosimbisa kuganhurira nokusimbisa muganhu dzidzo yavo.

Kushandisa Mutemo: Kushandura Vavariro Dzive Mitemo

Apo mubatanidzwa unodzora mapazu ehurumende nemitemo, une mukana wakasimba zvikurusa wokushandisa nharidzano dzawo dzemiitiro. Zvisinei, kunyange kudzora kwakabatana hakuvimbisi budiriro. Kusawirirana kwapakati penyika, matanda echidimbu, uye mitemo yemonibhubhusi zvinogona kudzosa kana kuti kumisa mutemo. Zvikamu zvinofanira kudzora zvikamu zvazvo, kukurukurirana nezvinodzika, uye pane dzimwe nguva kuita mvumo kuti zvichengetedze mavhoti anodiwa. Kufamba kweA muna 2010 kwainoda kuti kuedza kwevetevedzerwa nevakuru vakuru veDhemocratic kuti zvibatane mubatanidzwa wakaipa, nepo kukundikana kudzoserazve ACA muna 2017 kwakaratidza chinetso chekudzora kunyange nokuda kwevoruzhinji vakabatana. Pakangopfuudzwa mutemo.

Kuongorora Zvakaitika Nezvematongerwe Enyika

Kuongorora nyaya idzi kunoratidza kuti pfungwa, maitiro ezvematongerwo enyika, uye kumanikidzwa kutevedzera maitiro evanhu, zvinoratidza kuti zvinhu izvi zvakambochinja sei.

Kubhadharwa Kutsva uye Kushatswa kweHurumende yeAmerica

Democratic Party pasi paPurezidhendi Franklin D. Roosevelt yakaita mubatanidzwa mukuru wemibatanidzwa yavashandi, mapoka emadzinza omumaguta, African America, Southern Gream, uye vazivi kuti vapfuure mapurogiramu eNew Deal panguva yeKuderera Kukuru Kwoupfumi. Iyi mubatanidzwa, wakava munjodzi, wakabudisa mutemo wakachinja unobatanidza Social Security, Wagner Act (kudzivirira kodzero dzebasa), uye kutangwa kweTennessee Valles Valley Authority. New Deccouncioct haina kungosimbisazve basa rehurumende yehurumende yeDhemocratic Party sesimba guru rezvamatongerwe enyika kwamakumi anoverengeka. Kwakaratidza kuti boka raigona sei kushandisa njodzi kuti riite muteveripo muse mutongo worudzo unogariro wetsika wokuchinja mubatanidzwa wenzanga.

Kuchinja Kunoita Reagan: Kuchinja Kwetsika

Muma 1980, Ronald Reagan neRepublican Party vakaita chinjo huru mumuitiro wavose kupfurikidza nokutsigira mativi ezvemari, kudzorwa kwemitero, kubviswa kwomutero wenyika. Kudzorwa kwemitero yaReagan, kudzorwa kwemaindasitiri (zvakadai sendege nefoni), uye kudzorwa kwemapurogiramu enzanga kwakaratidza kuva nomurangariro wetsika unowirirana muRepublican platical. Iyi “Reagan Revolution" haina kuitika usiku hwose; yakanga iri mugumisiro wemakore okuvaka kurongwa nevanosimudzira, kufunga seFoundation, uye vatungamiriri vebato. Chinjo cha 1980 yakaderedza mwero mukuru wemitero wapamutengo kubva 70% kusvikira ku 28% uye kukurukurirano yenyika pamusoro pezvikwereti zvemari. [FFoctive]

Muitiro Wokutarisira Unotapurika Sechiratidzo Cheboka

Kupfuura kweACA muna 2010 kwakamirira mugumo wemakumi emakore enhamburiko dzeDemocratic dzokuwedzera inishuwarenzi youtano. Pashure pekusarudza kwa2008, Mutungamiriri weRepublic Barack Obama navakuru veDemocratic muCongress vakatora mukana wokuita kuti pave nokuchinja kweutano. Mutemo wakakudza Medicaid, kugadzira misika yeinishuwarenzi, uye kurambidzwa kurambidza kubhadharwa kwemipikiswa kwakavakirwa pamamiriro ezvinhu echirevo. Pasinei zvapo nokushora kwakakomba kweRepubliccanism uye kurwisana kweDhemocratic , mubato wakabatana pakupedzisira kupfuudza mutemo muvhoti inodoka yebato. ACA inoramba iri nhau yepakati mumatongerwe enyika eAmerica, uye Ripabhuriki yekupfuurira kudana nokuda kwemigariro nokuidzivirira nokuwedzera. Iyi nhau ino inosimbisa sei kufambirira mberi kwechibvumirano chamato yezvamatongerwe enyika kuti ibudirire makore akawanda nokuda kwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Zvinetso Zvokuti Vanhu Vave Nesimba Paboka Muhurumende Dzazvino Uno

Pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo yazvo huru kumuitiro wetsika, mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika anotarisana nemhinganidzo dzinokosha dzinogona kuderedza pesvedzero yawo. Kunzwisisa idzi denho kunokosha nokuda kwokuyera nguva yemberi yokuitwa kwemiitiro yebato.

Kuchinja Kwematongerwe Enyika uye Kuvhakacha

Mumakumi amakore anoverengeka apfuura, mapoka makuru maviri akatamazve mundangariro, achideredza kubatana kwemitezo ine mwero inogona kubvumirana. Uku kuparadza kwakatungamirira kuwirirano yemitemo, sezvo mapoka asingadi kuyambuka paradhi kuti apfuure zvikwereti. Somuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwechikwata chePrecionbuster muU. Dare rava kwakakurumbira zvikuru, kuchida kuti pave nomutemo mukuru zvikuru unopfuura napaduku. [Pew Research Center] Somuuyo, kunyange apo boka rinodzora makamu ose ari maviri eDare reHurumende neromakuru, zvirongwa zvikuru zvinogona kutemwara kana vasingagoni kuvhotera 60 muDare. Iyi ganhuriro inodenha kushandura pamutemo.

Simba Rinowedzera Ramapoka Anofarira Navapi Vezvipo

Nepo vaparidzi vachiramba vachipesvedzera, vanofanira kukwikwidzana nemubatanidzwa mukuru wezvirongwa zvemufariro, matare ezvamatongerwe enyika (PACS), uye vapi navapfumi. Ava vatambi kazhinji kazhinji vane zvirongwa zvakati zvemiitiro zvingarwisana nenzvimbo yakafara yebato. Somuenzaniso, National Rifle Association (NRA) yakapesvedzera zvakasimba mutsika yeRepublican yepfuti, nepo masangano evadzidzisi nemhoteredzo zvinomanikidzira Democrates munhungamiro dzakati. Kumuka kwePUPUPCs kungagona kutevera [[FLT:] Chinoshaisa United[FLT: 1] muchisarudzo chakakura mirangariro yavanhu vakapfuma namasangano makuru, padzimwe nguva dzinodzorwa muvhotera. Vanogona kuratidzirazve boka rinogamuchirwa nokuzviito zvinogamuchirwa nesangano rinogamuchirwa nokuzviito zvapamutemo kana zvichibudirira kudzora pamitezo nhevedzano pepanhau.

Kusagutsikana Kwavose Nokumuka Kwechibvumirano Chinorwisana Nepamubatanidzwa

Kuodzwa mwoyo namasangano akatangwa kwakawedzera muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzakawanda, kwakawedzerwa nemirangariro yokuti mapati ashata, haazivikanwi, kana kuti anotapwa navakuru vakuru. Uku murangariro unoparira masangano epublicpolist, vadaviri vechitatu, uye vezvamatongerwe enyika vasingadi avo vanorwisa kugadzwa kwebato. muUnited States, kumuka kweTea Party muna 2010 uye nhimbe dzakatevera dzeTrump muna 2016 dzakaratidza kukangaidzika kukuru mukati meRepublican Party nenhungamiro yayo. Masangano aya akabudirira muzvinhu zvokutanga zvechikwata chebhizimisi nechokubuda munyika necho.

Basa Riri Kuchinja Rokupinda Kwematongerwe Enyika Mumutemo Wevanhu Vose

Sezvo mhoteredzo yezvamatongerwe enyika ichichinja, namapokawo anofanira kuchinjika.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu, Kubatanidzwa Kwezvinobudisa Nhau Zvenzanga, uye Kubatanidzwa Kwezvishandiso Zvakananga

Masangano ari kushandisa nenzira inowedzera mitoo yemikoto kuti arege kufambiswa namaredhiyo uye kukurukurirana zvakananga navavhoti. Masangano enzanga akadai seTicket, Facebook, uye TikTok anobvumira vatungamiriri vebato navadaviri kugadza purogiramu pasina kuvimba navatori venhau. Ikoku kwave kuderedza udzori hwemashoko asi kwakaparadzanisawo mativi ose, achigonesa kupararira nokukurumidza kwemashoko asina kururama. Masangano anoronga kuzivisa mashoko echinyakare uye mashoko anokanganisa mamiriro ezvinhu echikwata cheObama kana kuti basa raTrump ra2009 2016.[1] Zvishandiso zvimwe chetezvo zvinogona kushandiswa nemapoka okunze kwenhau dzinopesvedzera kuti apesvedze kupesvedzera, zvinokanganisa kubatana.

Kuchinja Kwetsika Nokuchinja

Sarudzo yeU.S. iri kuva yakasiana zvikuru mudzinza nedzinza, duku, uye isiri yenyika. Iyi chinjo yokugara kwavanhu iri kugombedzera vose vari vaviri kurangarirazve mibatanidzwa yavo. Democratic Party iri kutsamira nenzira inowedzera pavoki vasiri vachena navechiduku avo vanotsigira mirangariro inofambira mberi pakuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, chikwereti chavadzidzi, uye tarisiro dzoutano. Munguva ino, Republican Party inopfuurira kuwana tsigiro yakasimba kubva kumaruwa, vakuru, uye vachena, asi vanotarisana nezvinetso mukukwezva vanhu vashomanene vari kukura. Mitemo yeramangwana ichapesvedzerwa zvikuru neichinjo idzi. Somuenzaniso, zvikarakadzo zveDhemocraticism nokuda kwezvokutarisira vana munyika yose uye dzidzo yakasununguka yekoreji inogadziridzwa kumhuri dzechikoro, nepo paRiphablikitania pachikoro uye parusununguko rwetsika dzetsika dzetsika dzetsika dzerudzidziso.

Zvinogona Kuitwa Nemasangano Echitatu Okuzvimirira

Nepo gadziriro yezvikamu zviviri ichiri yakavakirwa pamitemo yakadai sekukunda vhoti dzose, pane fariro inokura muzvimwe zvinotsiva. Mitezo yakadai seGreen Party neLibertarian Party panhambo nenhambo inopesvedzera kupfurikidza nokumutsa nhau idzo mapoka makuru anoramba asingadi. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, kumuka kwe “Nobelts” namamwe mapoka eCentrist akaedza kubvisa nzvimbo yapakati pakati pemapati. Nepo mapoka echitatu angakunda zvisaririra, kuvapo kwawo kunogona kutapura miuyo yaronge muna 2000 apo na Ralph’Gre Party yakaparira Al Gore Florida. Kana kutyoka nokusatendera namasangano makuru egadziriro yetsika inopfuungira kukura, mamiriro ezvinhu angaderera kana kuti adzokoromotesa ezvematongerwe enyika.

mhedziso

Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anoramba ari anokosha mukukudziridzwa kwomuitiro wavose. Anotanga miganhu yekurukurirano, zvikarakadzo zvemitemo zvenyanzvi dzemitemo, anounganidza vagari vemo, uye anoita kuti vashande apo vanenge vari musimba. Pesvedzero yavo inogona kuonwa mumitemo nemiraudzo yapashure zvikurusa yezana ramakore rapfuura(kubva paSocial Security na New Deal ku Afford Care Act ne Trump mutero. Panguva imwe cheteyo, mapati anoshanda mukati menyuko yemie: kudzorwa kwechisarumuko, dzvinyiriro yemhindu, kupanikiro dzavose, uye mhinganidzo dzoruwa dzinogona kudzosa.

Nokuda kwavadzidzisi navadzidzi, kufunda basa ramapati hakusati kuri bedzi muitiro wedzidzo; iko chinhu chikuru kukunzwisisa kuti gadziriro dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu dzinogona sei kushanda nenzira ine revo. Kuziva simba rebato(ne ganhuriro) dzavanhu kunzvera nenzira yokusangwarira zvikarakadzo zvemitemo, kutora rutivi mumasangano akasarudzwa, uye kutsigira chinjo. Sezvo nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika inopfuurira kuvapo, ukama pakati pemapati nemitemo yavose hucharamba huri chinhu chikuru mumufananidzo wehurumende.