Mavambo Enhau Eyeuko Yehondo muJapan

Nhaka yeHondo yeNyika II inoramba iri imwe yemauto ane simba zvikuru mune zvematongerwe enyika zveJapan. Kubva pakukura kwehondo kwema1930 kusvika pakubhomba kwemaatomu eHiroshima neNagasaki, kuyeuka kwenyika yose kwakavhiringidzwa zvikuru. Kusafanana namarudzi akasvika panhau imwe, yakabatana yakaitika munhau yakadai sokubvuma kweGermany kwakapararira kweKuparadza kukuru kweNazi / Japan kunorwisana nepfungwa, chizvarwa, uye mitsetse yechikamu chenyika. Uku kukamuramwa kunobva pamasangano makuru ezvematongerwe enyika, kuchipesvedzera chinhu chiri chose kubva kukurukurirano yemitemo yemitemo yehurumende kusvikira kutsika yedzimwe nyika kuChina neSouth Korea.

Pashure pehondo, basa reAssociated (1945-19952) rakaisa bumbiro remitemo rokusada kurwisana uye rakaedza kuputsa hurumende yehondo. Tokyo Trials (146-1948) yakaedza kutanga chinyorwa chapamutemo chemhosva dzehondo yeJapan, asi kugamuchira kwomunyika kwakasiyana. MaJapan akawanda akasvika pakuzvirangarira amene zvikurukuru savanyajambwa vamabhomba eatomu, outomu, uye kushaiwa kwehondo (hrambing) sevarwi. Iyi “kuziva” inoramba iri shongwe huru yenhau yedzimwe nhau dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Nhaka yeJapan inosi yeSamurai, kodzero yezviito zveArgueam muAsia, uye kudikanwa kwokudzorera rudado rwenyika yose nehondo.

Mugumisiro wacho inhau yezvematongerwe enyika umo yeuko dzehondo dzisati dziri idi renhau, asi nzvimbo yerwisano inopfuurira.Paripo dzinosarudza, kukudza, kana kuti kudzvinyirira zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana zvomunguva yakapfuura kururamisa zvirongwa zvavo zvemitemo. Kunzwisisa izvi zvisarudzo zvinokosha mukunzwisisa zvamatongerwe enyika zvomuJapan nenzvimbo yazvo munyika.

Mapoka Makuru Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Neyeuko Yawo Yehondo

Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)

LDP yakatonga Japan kwakawanda zvikurusa kwenhambo yapashure pehondo, uye chimiro chayo payeuko dzehondo hachisati chiri chenyika imwe. Chinotanhamari chinoisa Japan senyika inoda rugare iyo yakayananisa nokuda kwenguva yayo yakapfuura uye zvino inobetsera kudzikamo yenyika yose kupfurikidza nemitoo yezvemari neyezvematongerwe enyika. Zvisinei, mapato ezvomukati anonyunguruka zvikuru. Mapapiro etsika, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji akabatanidzwa navafundisi vakuru vakuru vehondo saShinzo Abe, anosunda nokuda kwe “hondo yenguva dzose” (8) iyo isina kuganhurirwa neU.S-kadhisriod reconstrysms arectivesssss. Zvikurukuru izvi zvinotaura kuti kukumbira kwapashure kwehondo yeJapan kwakakwana uye kuti nyika inofanira kumira“ kumira nhau yenhau yamarudzi akawanda.

Panhambo nenhambo, LDP ine mitezo ine mwero neyamarudzi ose iyo inosimbisa ukoshi hweyananiso neKorea neChina. Inotsigira kukura kwechengeteko kwokungwarira mukati meU.S.-Japan. Gadziriro dzechikuva dzetsika dzinoenzanisa zvikurukuru idzi zvimiro: dzinosimbisazve rugare, asiwo dzinoda nokuda kwesimba guru reIwe umene (SDF) uye mano okushandisa boka rokuzvidzora. Yasukuni Shrini inoratidzira uku kukamukana kweiyi nzvimbo yetembere (pane dzimwe nyanzvi dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinoshanyira nguva dzose tembere (dzinorumbidza hondo, kubatanidza matsotsi ehondo), vamwe vanoidzivisa kudzivisa kuderera kwekurukurirano.

Tsananguro yehondo yeLDP nokudaro inobatira donzo rimwe ramativi maviri: inogovera kuzivikanwa kwokutarira mberi, kune rugare kuvateereri vomudzimba namarudzi ose, nepo ichigamuchira vatsigiri vourudzi avo vanorangarira nhevedzano yapashure pehondo sedukudzo inofanira kukurirwa.

Constitution Democraticment Party yeJapan (CDP)

CDP, yakaumbwa muna 2017 sekubatanidzwa kwemauto anoverengeka echikamu choruboshwe, nzvimbo pachayo semuchengeti mukuru webumbiro remitemo reJapan rinorambidza hondo. Nyaya yayo yehondo yakatangira mukuzvidemba uye kuonga kudenha kwechiJapan. Vamiririri vacho vanotaura zvakajeka kuti Japan yakaparira “kuvadziko huru nokutambura” munyika dzeAsia, uye inotsigira nhamburiko dzinopfuurira kupfuudzira iyi nhau kuzvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi. CDP inoshora kugadziridzwa kupi nokupi nepi kweChikamu 9, “mashoko chorugare” chinoramba hondo uye chinorambidza kuti irambe“ njodzi yehondo."

Nokuda kweCDP, zvidzidzo zveHondo yeNyika II zvakajeka: kurwa kunotungamirira kungwavaira, uye chengeteko yeJapan inofanira kuvakirwa pakukurukurirana, batira pamwe yamarudzi ose, uye SDF yakadzorwa pamusoro peyamuro yengwavaira nokuchengeta rugare. Mubato wacho unotsoropodza nhamburiko dzokuwedzera nzvero dzehondo nokududzirazve bumbiro remitemo, uchitaura kuti kuita kwakadaro kunoisa mungozi kuteramo kwenharaunda uye kuderedza chivimbo chavose. CDP inofanirawo kuva inotsigira kujeka zvikuru mudzidzo yanhau, inotsigira mabhuku ano udzame kurwisana nenhamo dzenguva yehondo nenhau dzinozvibvumirano zvechiuto zvinoisa mungozi nemitezo yeLDP yehurumende inoda nhau dzinoshatarira.

Zvisinei, CDP inotarisana nedenho mukushandura iyi nhauro mubudiriro inosarudzwa. Mumhoteredzo yechengeteko inorondedzerwa nezvombo zvinokandwa zveNorth Korea uye ushingi hweChina, kukumbira kwokusada hondo kunogona kuratidzika kuva kusino upenzi kuna vamwe vavhota. Vapoka vacho vakaedza kuwedzera kukwirira kwayo kupfurikidza nokusimbisa “kunyarara kwokusanyanyisa” uko kunobatana nepo kuchitsigira mano okuzvidzivirira (apo yeuko yakwo huru yehondo inoramba yakabatana zvakasimba nokuzvidemba uye pamutemo.

Komeito

Komeito, mukwanyina muduku weLDP kubvira muna 1999, anobva musangano reSoka Gakkai chiBuddha. Yeuko yaro yehondo inonatswa neresikirini yorugare yakavakirwa panheyo dzechiBuddha dzekusarwisana uye ruremekedzo nokuda kwoupenyu. Komeito akaomerera kuti kugadziridzwa kwapamutemo kwapamutemo nokusimudzirwa kwebasa rehondo. Mumubatanidzwa, inoshanda sechimbichimbichimbiso pamifungo yeLDP yourudzi zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, mukati mekurukurirano yomutemo wechengeteko, Komeito akaomerera kuti kusimbiswa kwapamutemo kudzivirirwa kweboka rehondo yezviviridzo zveboka reSDFF.

Nhoroondo yaKomeito inodzivisa murwi anorwisana nanyajambwa dichotomy. Panzvimbo pezvo, inosimbisa mutoro weJapan kusimudzira rugare kupfurikidza nebetsero yomutsa, yamuro yokubudirira, uye kukanda zvombo pasi. Tsigiro yebato racho inobatanidza vanhu vazhinji vane mwero vomuguta uye vateveri vorudzidziso vanorangarira yeuko dzehondo sengano yenyevero, kwete manyuko orudado. Nepo pesvedzero yaKomeito yakaderera mumakore achangobva kupfuura, inopfuurira kuumba masvikirwo enhau, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nokudzivisa shanyo huru dzoushumiri kuYasukuni kuvambira muna 2009 zvichienda mberi.

Boka rechiKomonisiti reJapan (JCP)

JCP ine yeuko yehondo yakasiana: inoratidzira mambo Japan somupariri wehondo dzoutsinye nedzvinyiriro, asi inosimbisawo basa ravanhu veJapan (kubatanidza makomonisiti) savanyajambwa navadzivisi. Boka racho rinoraira kubvumwa kwakazara kwemhosva dzehondo, kusarudzwa kwokunyaradza vakadzi navashandi vanomanikidzirwa, uye kuomerera zvakasimba kurambidzo yebumbiro remitemo pamauto. JCP inosimbisa kuti U.S.-Japan inosimudzira hondo iyo yakatungamirira kuhondo, uye inotsigira nokuda kwechinosakarurama, Japan.

Chivako cheJCP chinoshandisa yeuko yehondo kururamisa chimiro chayo chinorwisana nemiritari nerakapesana. Chinobudisa nhauro dzine udzame dzenhau dzeutsinye hweJapan nenhimbe dzokudzivisa kuchenesa mabhuku. Nepo JCP ichiri simba duku rine zvigaro 10-12 muimba yakaderera, chimiro chayo chenheyo yeyeuko yehondo chinoibvumira kuwana chiremera pakati penyanzvi dzetsika dzinogara dziri kuruboshwe nevezvorugare.

Nippon Ishin (Boka Rokuchinja RomuJapan)

Nippon Ishin, boka ramapopu anorira kurudyi rakavakirwa muOsaka, rine mutoo wakafanana zvikuru weyeuko yehondo. Chikuva charo chinonangidzira ngwariro pakudzokororwa kwebumbiro remitemo, kubviswa kwemitengo, uye kubviswa kwenzvimbo. Panhau, Ishin inowirirana neLDP unist: inotsigira “hondo yavose, inogamuchira pfungwa yokuti Japan inofanira kudada nenhau yayo, uye kuderedza kukumbira ruregerero. Zvisinei, mavambo echishin anosiyana zvikuru, uye mubato wacho hauna kuita kuti yeuko yehondo ive nhau huru. Inowanzobata nhau yakanakisisa kumurangariro womunhu oga panzvimbo yetsika. Iyi nzvimbo inobvumira kukwezva vose vari vaviri vanoramba vachitora nhevedzano pamusoro penhau.

Tapuro Patsika Neukama Hwemarudzi Ose

Kuongorora uye Chikamu Chemitemo 9

Muitiro unopesana zvikurusa wakavakwa muyeuko yehondo uri pamusoro peChikamu 9. LDP, pasi peAbe, yakakarakadzwa kuwedzera kududzwa kwakajeka kweSDF kubumbiro remitemo(a kuchinja kungaipa kuva yapamutemo uye ingagona kubvisa ganhuriro dzinopesana. Iyi gadziridzo inosimudzirwa sezvinodikanwa kudzivirira Japan munyika ine ngozi, asi vanorwisana vaiirangarira senhano kudzokororwazve kwehondo kwakafanana nenhambo yehondo. CDP neJCP kuvhara zvifundo zvenhau, kubvisa zvisakafanira. Komeito yakakamurwa: kutaura kwayo kuduku asi inoshora Chikamu 9 chomudzimu chayo. Shin inotsigira, asi senhau youchangamire inopfuura kudzokororwa.

Kukakavadzana kwacho kunobaya mwoyo nemhaka yokuti kunoguma nokurondedzera kwehwaro: chiratidzo chorugare rwapashure pehondo chizivikanwo chinoda kuchengetwa, kana kuti bhandi rinogarwa nhaka navanhu vokumwe vanobva kune dzimwe nyika?

Shanyo Dzenzvimbo Tsvene yeYasukuni

Kushanya kwevakuru vakuru nemitezo yedare kuYasukuni Shrine . uko matsotsi ehondo neA anodzorwa pamwe chete navarwiwo zvavo − ndiro nzvimbo inooneka zvikurusa yeyeuko yehondo muukama hwokunze. LDP yerudzi inoshandisa shanyo kuti itaure kuti Japan inofanira kukudza vose vakafa muhondo, kubatanidza avo vakawanwa vane mhaka muMitemo yeTokyo. CDP, JCP, uye Komeito vanoshora shanyo dzavakuru vakuru, vachipikisa kutsamwisa vavakidzani veAsia uye vanopokanidza kufungirwa neJapan. China neSouth Korea nguva dzose dzinoshandisa shanyo dzakadaro kushurikidza Japan sedzisingapfidziki, kudzvinyirira batira pamwe chete.

Kubvira ipapo, vamwe vamiririri vakuru veLDP (Siga, Kisida) vakadzivisa kushanya somunhu oga, kunyange zvazvo vakatumira zvipiriso zvetsika.

Kunyaradza Vakadzi Uye Kumanikidza Basa

“ Vakadzi vanokunyaradza” vanorwisa uranda hwevatano mukati mehondo, zvinoramba zviri nhau inokakavadzana zvikuru. VaConservaties, zvikurukuru muLDP neIshin, vanopikisa kuti nhau yacho yakanga iri “nenzira neyakakomba” yakatemwa nechibvumirano chetsika cha1965 neSouth Korea kana kuti, mune imwe nguva yapashure, chibvumirano cha 2015. Vanotaura kuti kunzvera kwenhau hakutsigiri kumanikidza kwakananga. CDP naJCP vanogamuchira bvumirano yenhau yokuti hondo yakanga yabatanidzwa zvikuru, uye vanodana kuti ipedzerwezve nokudzoresa. JCPFS kuti ipfuure zvakananga mutemo kuti ipfuure vanyajambwa vose.

Kuzengurira kweLDP kudzokorora nhau yacho kunoda kuti Korea ishandiswe nomwoyo wose, nepo nzvimbo dzeCDP dzichipa nzira yokuita nayo kana dzikawana simba. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vavhota vokuJapan vanoisa kuchengeteka mubatanidzwa neU.S. uye South Korea vangavimba nemapoka anovimbisa kuti achagadzirisa maronda ekare.

Mabhuku Enhau

Kuongorora bhuku rehurumende ndiimwe nzvimbo umo yeuko dzehondo dzinoshandurazve kuva muitiro. LDP yakatsvikinyidzira yanyasidzirazve nokuda kwemabhuku anosimudzira kutsigira nyika yemo nokudzivisa “mirangariro yemaoresa” yenhau. Muma 2010, zviremera zveAbe zvakakurudzira vaparidzi kubatanidza chimiro chehurumende paDiayu/Senkaku Islands uye kuzvidza kunyaradza vakadzi. CDP ne JCP dzinotsoropodza izvozvi sezvisakiso zvenhau uye zvinotsigira mabhuku anofukidza zvikuru utongi hweJapan, Nanjing Massacre, Uning Masting 731, uye dzimwe mhaka dzehondo. Bhuku rinonyora bhuku rinoumba zvakananga kuti zvizvarwa zvinoziva sei hondo yomunguva yemberi, richiita kuti ive hondo yehondo yenguva refu pamusoro pendangariro yendangariro.

Mutezo wedziviriro neUS-Japan Alliance

Yeuko yehondo inopesvedzera kuti mapati anoshandisa sei kukura kwehondo yeJapan. LDP yezvokukunda “hurumende yehondo” inotungamirira kutsigira kuputsa 1% GDP pamari yokuzvidzivirira, kuunganidza zvombo zvinokandwa zvinenge zvatenderera, uye kugadzira miraudzo yemhepo nezvokuzvidzivirira. Iyi mitemo inoruramiswa semhinduro kuNorth Korea neChina, asi yakabatanidzwawo nechishuvo chokudzorera kuzvidzora kweJapan nejekedzo yamanomano yenguva yehondo isati yatanga. JCP neCDP dzinopikisa kuti kufamba kwakadaro kuri kudzoresa uye kuzvurukira muhondo dzeAmerica, kupfurikidza neyeuko ya1941 kunyevera kurwisana neRG.

Komeito anoita basa rokuchinja, achitsigira kubatana kwekuwedzera apo achiomerera paruramiso inooneka nokutarisirwa kwemibatanidzwa. Ishin anowanzotsigira LDP asi haatauri. Muuyo ibvumirano mutsika yehurumende yechengeteko yeJapan iyo ine simba zvikuru kupfuura makore 30 apfuura, asi ichiri inodzorwa nechishoro chakasimba chinobva mumasimba akadzika midzi muyeuko dzehondo dzokukakavara hondo.

Ukama neChina neSouth Korea

Hapana rutivi rweukama hwamarudzi ose runoshatiswa zvikuru neyeuko dzehondo kupfuura zvisungo zveJapan nevavakidzani vayo veEast Asia. LDP pasi peAbe navatungamiriri vakatevera vakaedza mutoo uviri: kuchengeta kudyidzana kwemari nekurukurirano yechengeteko zvichisundwa pakutsoropodza kwenhau. CDP neJCP dzinotsigira kuyanana kukuru kwakavakirwa pakukumbira ruregerero kwapamutemo uye kutsiva. Kubudirira kwekurukurirano dzamasangano eJapan kunotsamira pairi kudzora CDP (hafu yezvishoma) yakarovanyanisa nenzira yezvenhau manzwi enhau, nepo PDP inovalP oclillate yeyames pakati pesbon resm neregists.

Kunzwisisa zvikamu zvebato kunobatsira kutsanangura chikonzero nei vatungamiriri veJapan dzimwe nguva vachisarudza kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira panhau dzenhau dzinoitika, uye kutsigira kunoitwa nenhau dzehondo kunoitwa nekakavadzano yezvokutengeserana neSouth Korea pamusoro pokutengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika.

Chinjo Yechizvarwa Nezvifananidzo Zvinochinja

Sezvo yeuko dzehondo dzeJapan hadzina kujeka. Sezvo chizvarwa chehondo chinopfuura, vavhoti vaduku vanochengeta batano yemirangariro yakananga kuzvinoitika. Zvisinei, ivo vachiri kupesvedzerwa nedzidzo, zvinobudisa nhau dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Nzvero dzinokarakadza kuti maJapan maduku haafariri kurukurirano dzenhau dzokukumbira ruregerero, asi anotsigirawo zvikuru SDF negadziridzo yebumbiro remitemo (pakare nemhaka yokuti vanoona bumbiro remitemo sechinhu chokunze. CDP ne JCP inotamburira kuchengeta chishuvo cherugare pakati pepwere. Munguvayo, LDP naIshin vanopinda muchishuvo chokudada chorudzi pasina mhaka yenhau.

Iyi chinjo yechizvarwa ichi ingaderedza zvishoma nezvishoma yeuko dzehondo mumativi ebato. Zvisinei, nhau inoramba iri muzvivako zvesangano nerokuronga zvinhu, mabhuku, shanyo dzenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zvinhu (sokuti ichada kuchinja nhauro dzayo nengano yepashure peJapan umo hondo isati ichiri yeuko asi yakadzidziswa. Nenguva ino, dzimwe nyanzvi dzeLDP dzinotaura pamusoro petyisidziro dzenguva yemberi panzvimbo pezvigumbu. CDP inoedza kuvandudza kunyaradza sechiratidzo chakanaka chenyika yose. Kukwikwikwidzana kuchaita sei kuti idzi nhau dzivakezve rezvamatongerwe enyika yeJapan.

mhedziso

Yeuko dzehondo dzakabatana dzeJapan hadzisi chinhu chekare, asi chipenyu chinokakavadzana chinorondedzera mitsetse yemhosva yegadziriro yebato racho. LDP inoongorora pakati pohunyajambwa nourudzi, CDP inorwira kusabvumirana nehondo, Komeito inopinza tsika dzorugare rwechiBuddha, JCP inoisa mutsimba nhau dzomunhu, uye Ishin inobata yeukoro yehondo seyakaderera kusimba renyika. Idzi nhau dzinopesvedzera zvakananga kugadziridzwa kwemitemo, dzidzo yenhau, uye kukurukurirana neChina neSouth Korea. Japan inorwisana pamusoro pokurangarira kuti hondo yadzokei, pairwo, pairwisano pamusoro peirwo rudzi rwayo rwayo inoda kuva: muvakidzani, mungwane, muteyi, kana kuti simba renyika.

Sezvo nguva yapashure pehondo inoramba ichiderera, ukoshi hwezvamatongerwe enyika hweyeuko dzehondo hungachinja, asi hahusati huchizonyangarika. Munhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa matongerwe enyika omuJapan kana kuti basa rawo mudzikamo yeEast Asia anofanira kurwisana nenhau idzi dzakavakirwa. Chizvarwa chinotevera chavatungamiriri veJapan chichapfuurira kusarudza kuti iyeukoi dzokukudza, idzo dzokudzvinyirira, uye idzo dzokuita itsva(8) uye zvisarudzo zvavo zvichadzokorora zvikuru kupfuura chivako cheDel.