Nyaya yokuverenga

Gadziriro yemitemo inowanzooneka sechinhu chikuru, chakaoma kune avo vasina kutongofanira kubatanidzwa nacho. Bva mumiitiro yakarongwa nomutauro chaiwo zvine gadziriro yakarongedzerwa kupedza gakava, kudzivirira maruramiro, uye kupa ruramisiro. Kana uri kutarisana nenhau yehurumende yakadai segakava kana kuti pomero youtsotsi, kunzwisisa mwero yenhau yapamutemo inoita kuti upe simba rokuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva uye kushanda nenzira inobudirira nezano repamutemo.

Uku kufamba kugura rwendo rwose mugadziriro yapamutemo, kubva panguva ino gakava rinomuka kusvikira kuchisarudzo chokupedzisira nezviito zvipi nezvipi zvapashure porutongeso. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinopa mitemo yacho chimene, mazano, uye mikana. Nokurava iyi nhungamiro, uchawana mepu yakajeka, inoshandisika yezvinofanira kutarisirwa uye nzira yokugadzirira nayo padanho riri rose.

Kunzwisisa Tsika Yepamutemo

Pamberi pokupinda mumuitiro wacho, kunobetsera kuziva nheyo dzehwaro dzinotsigira gadziriro yapamutemo. Mapazu makuru matatu anoshanda mukonzati: bazu remitemo rinogadzira mitemo, bazu redare rinodudzira ndokuishandisa, uye bazi guru rinoimanikidzira. Nyanzvi dzemitemo — vatongi, magweta, mabharani, uye maparalegals — batira mukati meichivako ichi kuti vave nechokwadi chomuitiro wakafanira.

Dare redare pacharo rinoita zvokutongwa rinenge richiongorora nyaya dzemhosva. Dare repamusorosoro (kazhinji kacho dare guru) rinonzwa nyaya dzine chokuita norudzi kana kuti nebumbiro remitemo. Kunzwisisa kuti idare ripi rine simba pamusoro penyaya yako kunokosha kubvira pakutanga.

  • Mutemo: Mitemo yakaitwa neDare, matare ehurumende, kana kuti matare omunzvimbomo anorondedzera mufambiro unorambidzwa ndokutanga maruramiro.
  • Mutemo weSangano remitemo:[ Zvisarudzo zvinodudzira mirau nokuzadza miganhu apo mutemo unenge usiri. Iyi mienzaniso inosunga matare echiduku mudzidziso ye stare decis[.
  • Courtarchy:[[FL:1] Federal vs. matare ehurumende rimwe nerimwe ane wirirano yakasiana. Mhaka dzinobatanidza mutemo womubatanidzwa kana kuti mhatsa yougari hwemo dzingava munyika mudare rehurumende; kukakavadzana kwakawanda zvikurusa kwezuva riri rose kunogara mudare rehurumende.
  • Vatengi vanopa zano vatengi, magwaro okunyora, uye nhau dzinopikisana. Vatongi vanovimbisa kutongwa kwakarurama. Vapfumi navashandiri vapamutemo vanotsigira kugadzirira mhaka.

Nokuda kwokunzvera kwakadzama pamusoro penzira iyo matare akarongwa nayo, U.S. website yedare inogovera chiono chine chiremera chegadziriro yedare rehurumende nebasa.

Mhando Dzemhosva: Chibharo Chehurumende Chinorwisana Nemhosva

Musiyano wakakomba unopfuura nomugadziriro yose. Nhau dzavagari vemo dzinobatanidza gakava pakati pamapati avanhu voga — vanhu, mabhizimisi, kana kuti masangano — kodzero dzehurumende, zvibvumirano, zvinhu, kana kuti kuvadziko yomunhu oga. Mushonga unowanzova kuva kuva kuvadziko yemari kana kuti murairo. Mhaka dzeutsotsi dzinobatanidza kunzi kuputswa kwomutemo wavose, nehurumende ichitonga munhu mumwe kana kuti sangano. Chirango chinogona kubatanidza faindi, kuedzwa, kana kuti kuiswa mutorongo.

Mutoro wechibvumikiso unosiana zvikuru: vapari vehurumende vanofanira kubvumikisa nhau yavo kupfurikidza ne kurangarira ufakazi (zvingabvira zvikuru kupfuura), nepo varovereri vemhosva vanofanira kubvumikisa kuva nemhaka [ pasina panikiro ine mufungo [.

Kutanga Mhaka Yepamutemo

Rwendo rwuri rwose rwapamutemo runovamba apo mumwe munhu anodavira kuti mutemo wakaputswa kana kuti kuti une chirevo chapamutemo. munhu iyeyo anova mupoka (munhau dzehurumende) kana kuti munyunyuti (mumhaka dzoutsotsi). Muitiro wokutanga nenzira yakarongwa unoda kugadzirira kwokungwarira nokunamatira zvakasimba kumitemo yomutsika.

Kuongorora Nhepfenyuro

Vanhu vazhinjisa vanotaurirana negweta vasati vanyora chinhu chipi nechipi. Pakunzvera kwokutanga, gweta rinonzvera maidi, rinozivisa rondedzero dzinobvira dzapamutemo, uye rinonzvera mutemo weganhuriro — nguva inofanira kupiwa nayo mhaka. Kupotsa iyi nguva kunogona kuisa maruramiro zvechigarire. Gweta rinokurukurawo mitero, sezvingabvira miuyo, uye dzimwe chisarudzo chegadziro.

Kana usingagoni kuwana gweta rapachivande, masangano eyamuro yapamutemo kana kuti mapurogiramu eprobo angapa betsero. American Bar Association inochengeta zviwanikwa kuti ibetsere kuwana betsero yapamutemo yapachena kana kuti yakaderera munharaunda mako.

Kupedzisa Kunyunyuta Kana Kuti Kodzero

Munhau yehurumende, gweta rinonyora complifit[[FLT]] —a chinyorwa chinotaura maidi, hwaro hwapamutemo hwezvirevo, uye nyaradzo yakatsvakwa. Uku kunyunyuta kunoiswa kudare rakafanira pamwe chete nomuripo. Dare rinogovera nhamba yemhosva nomutongi kana kuti mutongi.

Munyaya yemhosva, muchuchisi anosiyana - siyana: anopa uchapupu kudare guru rinobetsera vatongi, izvo zvingapa mhosva, kana kuti muchuchisi anonyora mashoko zvakananga.

Kushumira Murwiri

Pashure pokunyora, mutongi anofanira kupa kopi yenyunyuto nemirairo kumukwirirwi. Iyi nhano, inonzi idisvisei yemuitiro , kuzivisa mukwiridziri kuti dare ravamba ndokuvazivisa nezvemusengwa wavo wokupindura. Basa rinofanira kutevera mitemo inodzorwa nemitemo — kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inoda kupiwa kwomunhu oga kana kuti tsamba inotenderwa. Basa ringanonotsa mhaka kana kuti rinoita kuti vapiwe.

Mukwirirwi zvikurukuru ane mazuva 21 kusvikira ku 30 okunyora mhinduro, achibvuma kana kuti kuramba pomero imwe neimwe. Kukundikana kupindura kunogona kuguma norutongeso rwapamberi pazvo.

3. Kufambira mberi Kuchitangira

Kana mativi ose angooneka, nyaya yacho inopinda mudare risati ratongwa.Nguva iyi inowanzova nguva refu yerwendo uye inogona kuona kana nyaya yacho ichizomira kana kuti ichizotongwa. Zvisarudzo zvakarongwa zvinoitwa pano zvinoumba nzvimbo yose.

Kuwana

Kuongorora zvinhu izvi kunoratidza kuti mativi ose ava kuziva chokwadi vasati vatongwa, kuchideredza zvinhu zvisingatarisirwi uye kukurudzira vanhu.

  • [[[FRATO: 0] Mibvunzo yakanyorwa inofanira kupindurwa pasi pemhiko.
  • [ Kukumbira Kubudiswa: Kudikanwa kwezvinyorwa, maemail, mapikicha, kana kuti humwe ufakazi chaihwoihwo.
  • [[[FT:0] ZVIPIMBO: In-person, chipupuriro chakapika chakatorwa namagweta, chakanyorwa nomutori wenhau wedare.
  • Kukumbira nokuda kwokupinzwa: Tsinhiro idzo mumwe munhu anofanira kubvuma kana kuti kuramba, kupfupikisa nhau nokuda kwokutongwa.

Kuwana kunogona kuva kunorema uye kunodhura. Vatongi kazhinji kazhinji vanoganhurira kuwana kudzivisa kubatwa zvisina kufanira. Federal Mitemo yeChivil Procedecture namamiriro ezvinhu akaenzana zvinogovera nhungamiro dzine udzame. Nokuda kwenongedzero yakakwana, Cornell Legin Information Institute[ inotumira mashoko akazara eFederal Rugare of Civil Procedale.

Muitiro Wezviito

Vari vose vanganyora zvinhu nenzira yokungoti vatsvake mitemo chaiyo inobva kudare. Kufamba kunozivikanwa navose pamberi pedare kunobatanidza:

  • Kudzinga: Agunquisiro yokuti kunyunyuta kunokundikana kutaura kutaura kutaura kwapamutemo kwapamutemo, kunyange kana maidi ose ari echokwadi.
  • [ Commentation for Fung Juncial Rutongeso: Agues kuti hakuna gakava rechokwadi pamusoro pamaidi ezvinhu, naizvozvo boka rinosunda rinofanirwa nerutongeso senhau yomutemo.
  • [[FT:0] Motion ku Compel Discovery: inotsvaka murairo wedare unomanikidzira mutsigiri kuwirirana nezvikumbiro zvokuwana.
  • [[FT:0] . . . . . . . .[FLT] . dare rinokumbira kubvisa ufakazi hwakati kuti pakutongwa risati rapiwa.

Kana mutongi achipa mutongo wokupfupikisa, nyaya yacho inopera panguva iyoyo.

Kugadzirisa Kukurukurirana Nemakakatanwa Anotsiva

Mapoka mazhinji avagari vemo anogara achivapo pamberi pokutongwa. Kutaurirana kunogona kuitika panguva ipi neipi, kazhinji kazhinji kunoyamurwa nokunzwa kana kuti kudzorwa. Mu murevereri, boka rechitatu rinobetsera mativi ose ari maviri kusvika bvumirano yokuzvidira. Mu , mumiririri anonzwa ufakazi ndokupa chisungo kana kuti chisarudzo chisiri chokuzvisunga.

Zvisinei, kana kugarwa kusingagoni kusvikwa, mhaka yacho inomira kutongwa.

Kutongwa Kwaiitwa

Kutonga idanho rinoshamisa zvikurusa nerakarongwa rorwendo rwapamutemo. Iko kuedzwa kwavose kwenhau yorutivi rumwe norumwe, kunopiwa pamberi pomutongi kana kuti mutongi. Kutongwa kwevagari vomunyika imwe neimwe nokweutsotsi kunotevera miitiro yakafanana, kunyange zvazvo kutonga kwoutsotsi kune ukoshi hwakawedzerwa hwokurasikirwa nerusununguko.

Kusarudzwa Kwajury

Kana kutonga kwedare rinobetsera vatongi kukakumbirwa, muitiro unovamba ne wakaipa zvikuru — kubvunzurudzwa kwavatongi vanobvira kuti vazivise tsvukwani kuva vasingasaruri. Majekiseni kumativi ose ari maviri angadenha vatongi nokuda kwechisakiso (cherekedzo yakakomba) kana kuti kushandisa denho (hapane chikonzero chinodikanwa, chakaganhurirwa munhamba). Nharidziro ndeyokuisa panzvimbo yenzvimbo yedare mururaudzo neatongi asingasaruri.

Mukutonga kwepabhenji (mutongi bedzi), hapana chisarudzo chedare rinobetsera vatongi.

Kutaura Kwokuzarura

Mashoko okuzarura haasi ufakazi; ipuratifomu rokubetsera vatongi kunzwisisa chipupuriro uye zviratidziro zvichatevera.

Kuratidzwa Ufakazi

Mutongi kana muchuchisi anotanga kupa nhau yavo. Ikoku kunobatanidza kudana zvapupu nokusuma zviratidziro. Kunzvera kwakananga kunobvumira gweta rebato kubvunza zvapupu. Kunzvera kunotevera, achibvumira gweta rinoshora kudenha kuvimbika kana kuti chipupuriro chechapupu.

Ufakazi hunofanira kuva hwakafanira uye husingakodzeri mumirairo youfakazi. Teewsay — kutaura kwoupamhi kunogoverwa nokuda kwezvokwadi yenhau inonzi — inowanzobviswa kutoti chakasiana chinoshanda. Pashure pokunge mutendi agara, mukwirirwi angapa zvapupu zvavo vamene noufakazi, pasi pemirairo imwe cheteyo.

Kutaura Kunopfiga

Magweta achitaura muchidimbu uchapupu, anosimbisa pfungwa dzinokosha, uye anopikisana kuti mutemo unofanira kushandiswa sei.

Mirayiridzo Nekushandisa Bvumbiro

Mutongi anorairidza vatongi pamusoro pomutemo unoshanda. iyi mirayiridzo inorondedzera mipimo yapamutemo idare rinobetsera vatongi rinofanira kushanda kumaidi. ipapo vatongi vanorega basa vachivandika.

Munyaya dzoutsotsi, chisarudzo chinofanira kuva chakabatana.

Kupa Mutongo uye Kupika

Munyaya yehurumende, vatongi vanosarudza kuva nemhaka uye, kana zvichibvira, chitsama chekuvadziko.

Nhevedzo Dzavagari Vemo

Kana vatongi vakawana nokuda kwomutongi, mibayiro inokuvadza: kuvadziko yokutsiva nokuda kwokurasikirwa chaikoiko, uye pane dzimwe nguva chirango chokuranga mufambiro wakaipa. Kana vatongi vakawana nokuda kwomupomeri, mutongi haana kugamuchira chinhu uye angatorairwa kubhadhara ndyiko dzomupomeri mune dzimwe nharaunda.

Kupomerwa Nemhosva

Chisarudzo chokusava nemhaka chinoreva kupiwa mhaka uye mukwirirwi anosunungurwa. Chisarudzo chine mhaka chinotungamirira kunhambo yakasiana yokutonga. Mutongi anorangarira mushumo wokunzvera kusati kwaitwa, kutaura kwanyajambwa, uye nhungamiro dzokutonga. Kuendesa pamutemo kunogona kubatanidza faindi, kuedzwa, basa renzanga, kana kuti kuiswa mutorongo. Muzvinoitika zvakakomba, upenyu mutorongo kana kuti kunyange mutongo worufu zvingashanda (kutsamira pasimba rehurumende).

[[NHAU] U.S. Dhipatimendi reChiratidzo rinogovera kupetwa kwemiitiro yetongeso nenhungamiro zvehurumende.

6. Kufambira mberi kwePFUPUPF

Mutongo wacho hausi woga woga.

Kufamba Nokufamba Nepashure Pejeti

Munguva pfupi pashure porutongeso, varasikirwi vanogona kunyora zviito zvepashure pomutongo. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

  • [ Commentaution for Togument seNhaka yoMutemo (JEHOV): Agues kuti chisarudzo hachibvumirwi noufakazi.
  • Commentaution for the New Atop: Argentis idzo dzinoparira zvikanganiso zvetsika, kusazvibata, kana kuti huchangobva kuwanwa ufakazi hunoraira muedzo mutsva.
  • [[[FT:0] Commentaution kuKubata kana kuti Rutongeso rwakadzikwa: inotsvaka chinjo kuchiverengero chorutongeso kana kuti mashoko.

Kana mutongi akabvumira chero chii zvacho, nyaya yacho ingavhurwazve, mutongo wacho ungadzikira, kana kuti kutongwa kutsva kunenge kwarayirwa.

Kufadza Kwazvinoita

Kukwirira hakusi kutongwa kwechipiri. Dare rinoongorora chinyorwa chokutonga nokuda kwezvikanganiso zvepamutemo zvingagona kuva zvakatapura mugumisiro wacho. Mutongi (anofadza) anoisa nharo pfupi dzokuti nei dare raitonga rakanganisa. Mhinduro. Zvibvumikiso zvemagumo zvinganzwika.

Dare reappellate rinogona kusimbisa (mutsidzi), kudzokera shure (kudzoka shure), kana kuti kudzosa) mhaka nokuda kwezvimwe zvinoitika. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, dare rinodzorwa rinoita kuti mutongo uve nomutemo. Kukwirira kunogona kutora mwedzi kana kuti makore, uye kunodzorwa nemitemo yorumano.

Kusunungurwa Kwokupera Kwokubatwa Nomhosva (Nemhaka Dzoutsotsi)

Nokuda kwavakwirirwi vakapedza zvikumbiro zvavo zvakananga, kuyamura kwapashure pekukwirira kungava kunowanika. Ikoku kunobatanidza munyengetero wehabeas corpus mudare rehurumende (pavasungwa vehurumende) kana kuti kutora matanho pasi pemirau yapashure pekutongwa kwehurumende.

Rusununguko rwapashure rwekubvisa utachiona rwakaganhurirwa uye rwakaoma kuwana, asi runoramba rwuri dziviriro inokosha pazvitendero zvisina kururama.

Kutora Nzvimbo Dzinoshanda Nokuda Kwokufamba Negadziriro

Sangano remitemo rinofanira kufungwa nezvaro, rinofanira kutevedzana, kuomerera panguva yaro, uye kufunga zvakanaka.Hedzino rumbidzo dzinoshanda dzomunhu upi noupi ari murwendo urwu:

  • Zano rinokwanisa rapakuvamba. Gweta rine ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rinogona kuziva nhau dzaungapotsa uye kunzvera vhiringidziko dzemifungo.
  • Chengeta zvinyorwa zvokungwarira. Chengeta tsamba dzose, magwaro, marisiti, uye ufakazi.
  • Pasi pendyiko. Litigation inodhura. Kurukurai mari, ndyiko, uye miuyo inobvira negweta renyu musati maita.
  • Kugadziriswa kwemiedzo. Haideyi kujeka. Kugara kunopa uchokwadi uye kunogona kuchengetedza nguva inokosha nemari.
  • [ Ziva miganhu yako. Mitemo yeganhuriro, miganhu yemhinduro, uye mahwindo okukwidza hazvikanganwiri. Kushaikwa kweimwe inogona kugumisa mhaka yako.

mhedziso 8.

Nhando mugadziriro yapamutemo inotevera nzira yakarongeka: kutanga, kuwana dare risati raitwa uye kumira, kutonga, mutongo, uye kuhwirudzura pashure pedare. Nepo nhau imwe neimwe yakasiyana, gadziriro inoramba iri inowirirana mumativi ose ehurumende neutsotsi. Kunzwisisa iyi mepu kunokupa mukana wokugadzirira mundangariro, mune zvemari, uye maererano nezviri mberi.

Ruramisiro haivimbiswi, asi nzwisiso yakajeka yomuitiro inowedzera mano ako okupa nhau yako nenzira inobudirira.