Simba Ravanagavhuna

Gavhuna vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende dzavo, vanoshandisa ruwara rwakafara rwebumbiro remitemo, dare, uye masimba asina kurongwa ayo anoumba muitiro wehurumende negadziriro. Aya masimba haana kurongedzerwa kugona kudzora kunoshanda asi akagadzirirwa kugonesa kudzora apo anoramba ari pasi kuti aongorore namamwe mapazu uye vasaruri. Kunzwisisa ukuru hwechiremera chehurumende kunokosha kuti tionge kushanda kwehurumende.

Masimba Ane Simba

Simba gurusa ragavhuna nderokuita ndokuita mitemo yehurumende. Ikoku kunobatanidza kutungamirira masangano ehurumende namadhipatimendi, kushandisa mirairo yemitemo, uye kuvimbisa kuti mitemo yavose inoitwa semadonzo. Gavhuna vane chiremera chokupa miraidzo yavakuru vakuru, iyo ine simba romutemo mumamiriro ezvinhu akati, zvikurukuru mukati memigariro yengozi kana kuti pakutungamirira mibato yokudzora. Mirayiro yechiremera inobvumira magavhuna kuita nokukurumidza kuzvinoitika zvisingadeyi kumirirwa nokuda kwechiito chemitemo. Vanewo simba rokurongazve masangano ebazu makurukota ehurumende, kana kuti vatendere mubatanidzwa wemitemo munyika dzakawanda.

Gavhuna vane mutoro wokugadzirira bhajeti yehurumende, iyo inowanzova chinyorwa chimwe chemiitiro inotapura zvikurusa chinobudiswa gore rimwe nerimwe. Chikarakadzo chemari yokushandisa chinoronga zvokutanga, chinokarakadza chinjo dzemitero, uye vanopa zvinhu mudzidzo, dzidzo, gadziriro, chengeteko yavose, uye dzimwe nzvimbo. Nepo dare remitemo pakupedzisira richitendera bhajeti, chikarakadzo chokutanga chagavhuna chinopesvedzera zvikuru muuyo wokupedzisira. Muhurumende dzakawanda, gavhuna anogona kushandisa simba remutsetse rezvinhu zvokuparadza zvinhu zvakati kuti zvitsaurwe kubva mumitengo yeappropation, achipa kurukurirano yemari inokosha mukurukurirano yemari.

Masimba Omutemo

Gavhuna vanotora rutivi mumuitiro wemitemo zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nesimba revhota. Apo mutemi wedare anopfuudza mutemo, gavhuna angauisaidza mumutemo, angaubvumira kuva mutemo pasina siginicha, kana kuti kuurega. Aveto anodzivisa mutemo wacho kutora kutoti kana imba yomutemo ichiita muvhoti mukurusa. Muhurumende zhinji, vatongi vanewo vhoti yemitsetse yezvikwereti (zvikurukuru zviviri muimba imwe neimwe) kuidzora. Iyi inorega kudzora chikumbaridzo chinowanzova chakaoma kuita, naizvozvo gibernernalitarian recuriatority resiture chishandiso chine simba chokudzivisa mutemo unoshora. Muzvigaro zvizhinji, vatongi vanewo zvikwereti zvemitengo zvemari, vanovabvumira kuramba kubhadhara mari isina chikwereti chemari.

Gavhuna vanogona kudana marusando chaiwo edare kuti vape nhau dzokukurumidzira dzinomuka apo chirongwa chehurumende chinenge chisipo. Ivo vanoronga purogiramu nokuda kwepurogiramu dzakadaro, vachikurukura nhau dzakananga dzakadai seyamuro yenjodzi, kuronga mari inokwana, kana kuti kuchinja kukuru kwemitemo. Vamwe vatongi vanewo simba rokusuma mutemo ivo pachavo, kunyange zvazvo sumo yemitemo yakawanda inosiyirwa vatemisi vemitemo. Muitiro, magavhuna anowanzoshanda zvikuru navatungamiriri vemitemo kufambisira mitemo kuti vafambisire mberi purogiramu yavo.

Masimba Okutonga

Gavhuna vanoshandisa chiremera chakagadzwa chekutonga kupfurikidza nesimba reruramisiro, iro rinobatanidza kupa kanganwiro, kukanganwira, uye kanganwiro dzehasha. Pardons anokanganwira mhaka ndokudzorera maruramiro avagari vemo, nepo mirau inoderedza mutongo pasina nguva yokupwisa. Vadzori vanogovera kunonozetswa kwechinguvana muchirango. Masimba aya anobvumira vatongi kururamisa kusaruramisira, kuratidza ngoni, kana kuti kubatira pamwe mumitemo. Zvisinei, chibvumirano chinodzorwa chinodzorwa neganhuriro: mune dzimwe rondedzero, dare kana kuti chigadziko zvinofanira kutendera pamberi pezviito zvavatongi. Simba recreppea rinobvumira kunonoka kwechinguvana muzvinoitika zvechibvumirano, zvakadai sezvirangodzo dzorufu.

Gavhuna vanogadzawo vatongi kumatare ehurumende munyika dzakawanda, zvimwe pakutanga kana kuti kuzadza nzvimbo. Uku kugadza kunoumba zvikuru mutongo wamatare kwamakore, sezvo vatongi vakagadzwa vanowanzobatira mashoko akareba uye gare gare vanosimbiswa namasangano anovhota kana kuti emitemo. Mano okusarudza vatongi anopa pesvedzero isina kunanga kupesvedzera uzivi hwedare nemigumisiro yemitemo.

Simba Rokugadza

Chishandiso chinotsoropodza nokuda kwagavhuna isimba rokugadza vakuru vakuru munzvimbo huru muhurumende. Ikoku kunobatanidza vanyori vedare, vakuru vemadhipatimendi, mitezo yemasangano, uye dzimwe nguva vatongi. Masangano anobvumira magavhuna kupoteredzana navamiriri vanogoverana chiono chavo chetsika uye kuzadza nzvimbo nenyanzvi dzinokwaniriswa. Chitatiso chesimba rokugadza chinosiana nehurumende: mudzimwe, gavhuna rinogadza vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vesangano; mudzimwe, vakuru vakuru vanosarudzwa nenzira yazvimirira (umg., munyori mukuru, munyori mukuru wehurumende) kana kuti akasarudzwa nedare rehurumende. Gubernatoratorargea kazhinji kachororo kusimbiswa nehurumende: muimwe dare, rinogovera nzverongedzero padare rehurumende.

Vanosarudzawo nhengo dzemasangano ehurumende uye masangano anotarisira kugadzirwa kwemagorofa, makambani anotarisira basa rokugadzira zvinhu, makambani anobatsira vanhu kuti vasarudze zvinhu, uye kuti vasarudze dzidzo yepamusoro.

Masimba Ekurumidziro

Mukati mengwavaira dzomusikirwo, njodzi dzoutano, kana kuti kusagadzikana kwavagari vemo, magavhuna ane masimba ekurumidziro makuru okudzivirira chengeteko yavose nenhevedzano. Masimba aya anobatanidza chiremera chokuzivisa mugariro wekurumidziro, kugadzirira vaGuant, kuronga nguva dzokupinda, kuronga kubuda, uye kumisa mitemo yakati. Gavhuna vanogonawo kutungamirira upfumi nemari kuti zvidzorwe munzvimbo pasina kumirira kubvumirwa kwemitemo. Kurova kwechakaipa kwekudzora kwakakomba kwakasimbisa zvikuru masimba echimbichimbichimbichimbi, sezvo vatongi vakabudisa mirayiro yokuramba vari pamusha, kupika maza, uye kugovera majekise. Zvisinei, masimba ekurumidziro anogona kudzorwa pasina kuganhurirwa; ivo vanodzorwa kumutemo, nguva inodzorwa nomutemo. Masangano akawanda akapfuutsa mitemo yokuzivisa kwekurumidzira nguva yapa nguva yapachimbiso kana kuti ishaitwe pashure penguva yakati.

Kudzikama pakati pebasa rokutungamirira nokuzvidavirira kwehurumende kunoramba kuri gakava mukutonga kwekurumidziro. Dare pane dzimwe nguva rakapindira apo mirairo yekurumidziro yakadenhwa semiganhu yebumbiro remitemo inopfuura yemitemo kana kuti kuputsa rusununguko rwomunhu oga.

Miganhu Yesimba Ravanagavhuna

Nepo magavhuna achishandisa chiremera chikuru, masimba awo anosungwa negadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo, ganhuriro dzemitemo, nzvero dzechibvumirano, uye zvinhu chaizvoizvo zvamatongerwe enyika.

Miganhu Yebumbiro remitemo

Gavhuna haagoni kupfuudza mitemo pasina kutsiva; mutemo unoda mvumo nedzimba dzose dzedare uye kana yaiswa, kudzora kukuru kunofanira kuiswa mumutemo kana kuti chiremera chebumbiro remitemo.

Mabumbiro eMitemo anogadzawo miganhu nokuda kwavatongi munyika dzakawanda. Gadziriro inozivikanwa zvikurusa iganhuriro yenhambo mbiri (kutambudza kana kuti nduramo), kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyika dzichiisa muganhu wemirairo miviri inotevedzana ichiteverwa nenhambo yokumirira pamberi pokudzorwa. Miganhu inodzivisa munhu upi noupi kuva nehofisi nokusingaperi, kusimudzira kudzorwa nemirangariro mitsva.

Miganhu yetsika yehurumende inoshandawo: vatongi havagoni kuputsa Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S., mitemo yehurumende, kana kuti zvibvumirano.

Nzvero Dzomutemo

Hurumende inobatirawo soukoshi hukuru kusimba rehurumende. Magweta anogona kukurira zvikamu zvehubernonatoriatis nevhoti hurusa, kuisa mitemo nenzira inobudirira pamusoro pezvirambidzo zvagavhuna. Vanodzorawo bhajeti muchimiro chayo chokupedzisira. Papopo, gavhuna anokarakadza, mitemo inogona kunzvera zviito zvebazu rapamusoro, kuchengeta kunzwa, uye magwaro echiduku-duku ezvapupu. Mudzimwe nyika, muteveri wemitemo anogona kuramba kugadza kwapamutemo muchimiro chayo chokupedzisira, achiramba zvisarudzo zvamagavhuna vakuru vakuru vakuru vavashandi.

Mitemo inogonawo kuisa mitemo inoganhurira chisarudzo chokutarisira chagavhuna, zvakadai sokuda mvumo yemitemo yemitemo yehurumende inopfuura nguva yakati.

Kutonga

Matare anopa mumwe muganhu unokosha pasimba rehurumende. Vatongi vanogona kuzivisa zviito zvevakuru vakuru zvisingawirirani nemitemo kana kuti kuputsa mitemo yehurumende. Somuenzaniso, kana gavhuna akapa murayiro mukuru unopfuura chiremera chepamutemo, masangano anotapurwa angakwikwidzwa, uye matare anogona kubudisa mirayiro yokudzivisa kuchengetwa kwayo. Kuongorora kwedare kunosimbisa kuti magavhuna ashande mukati memiganhu yomutemo. Kuwedzerazve, matare anopedza gavhuna nedare pamusoro pokuparadzana kwenhau dzemasimba.

Gavhuna haagoni kudzongonyedza kutonga kana kuti kudarika zvisarudzo zvedare. Nepo vachigona kupa ruramisiro, iri simba rinopa ganhuriro chose chose uye harigoni kushandiswa kuvhiringidza ruramisiro kana kuti kuzvikanganwira vamene munyika zhinjisa.

Miitiro Yakaoma

Hurumende yehurumende inoisa ganhuriro dzinokosha pavatongi venyika, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nemigariro yemari yakabatanidzwa nemari yehurumende. Gadziriro dzakawanda dzehurumende − dzakadai seMedicaid, chombo, uye dzidzo () zvakanyanyisa pamadhora ehurumende. Kugamuchira iyi mari, vatongi vanofanira kuwirirana nezvinodikanwa zvomubatanidzwa, zvakadai sokuchengeta mipimo isingachinjiki kana kuti kuomerera kumiraudzo yemhoteredzo. Kukundikana kuwirirana kunogona kuguma nokurasikirwa nemari kana kuti chiito chapamutemo namasangano ehurumende.

Department of Justice yeUnited States inogonawo kupa mhaka nokuda kwokuputsa mitemo yekodzero dzevagari vemo.Gavhuna haagoni kubvisa kamwe kamwe mapurogiramu ehurumende kana kuita kudaro kuchiputsa mutemo womubatanidzwa kana kuti misengwa yebvumirano. Kuwedzera, matare ehurumende ane chiremera pakutaura kwebumbiro remitemo, kureva kuti zviito zvehurumende zvinoputsa kodzero dzehurumende zvinogona kudenhwa ndokuparadzwa.

Kubvuma, Kuyeuka, uye Mimwe Michina Yokuzvidavirira

Gavhuna vanobviswa panzvimbo kupfurikidza nokusatevedzerwa nedare rehurumende, kuchiteverwa nokupwiswa mumuviri wehurumende kana kuti wakaenzana. Zvigaro nokuda kwokusapiwa zvinowanzobatanidza “utsotsi hukuru nemhosho, uori,” kana kuti kuregeredza basa. Kudzora ichenjedzo yechienzi asi ine simba yakatoshandiswa mukurwisana nechiverengero chiduku chavatongi munhau yeAmerica.

Nyika zhinji dzinobvumirawo kuyeuka sarudzo, apo vavhoti vanogona kukumbira kubvisa gavhuna pamberi pomugumo weshoko ravo. Yeuka kunoda kuunganidza nhamba huru yesigina uye ipapo kuita sarudzo chaidzo. Magavhuna mashomanene bedzi akamborangarirwa, asi tyisidziro yokuyeuka inogona kumanikidza zviito zvagavhuna. Kuwedzera, vamiriri vetsika dzehurumende navaongorori vazvimiriri vehurumende vanogona kunzvera kusazvibata kwechiremera ndokurumbidza zvirango.

Basa Rekuongorora uye Rokudzikamisa

Gadziriro yecheki nedzikamo inheyo kuhurumende yehurumende yeAmerica. Inodzivisa bazu ripi neripi kudzora uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti simba rinogoverwa pakati pemapazu evakuru vakuru, emitemo, uye okutonga. Nokuda kwamagavhuna, nzvero nedzikamo zvinoreva kuti kunyange mukuru mukuru mukuru anotsunga anofanira kukurukura nedare remitemo, kuremekedza miraudzo yedare, uye kupindura kuvhota. Ichi chivako chinokurudzira kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, kurangarira, uye kuzvidavirira.

Macheki nedzidzikano zvinoshandawo zvakakwatata munyika dzose uye zvakamira nehurumende yemubatanidzwa. Gavhuna vanofanira kutsinhirana navamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende kupfurikidza namasangano akafanana ne National Garmars Association, uko kunopfavisa mashoko anogoverana uye kuisa pamutemo panzvimbo yokutanga. Gadziriro yehurumende inoita mubatanidzwa mukuru mukuru umo magavhuna anowanzoreta kodzero nepo inotsamira panguva imwe pamitengo yehurumende.

Kudzora kwezuva riri rose kunoda kuti vatongi vavake mibatanidzwa navaiti vemitemo, mapoka ezvirongwa zvemhindu, uye vanhu vose. Gavhuna anofuratira uku kubatana anoisa mungozi urongwa hwemitemo, denho dzedare, uye kukundwa kwedare. Miganhu yesimba rehurumende nokudaro haisati iriwo zvayo ganhuriro asiwo kokero dzokubatira pamwe, achiita kuti hurumende idzore muitiro unopfuurira wokukurukura nokuchinja.

Kusiyana - siyana Kwakaita Nyika Dzose

Masimba neganhuriro zvavatongi zvinosiana zvikuru zvichienda mberi nemhaka yemisiano mubumbiro remitemo rehurumende, magamuchidzanwa emitemo, uye tsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika.

Somuenzaniso, magavhuna muNew York neTexas ane chiremera chikuru chechiremera, kubatanidza masimba akasimba eveto nokudzora kwakafara. Nenzira yakapesana, vatongi mune dzimwe nyika dzokumaodzanyemba vane masimba etsika asina simba nemhaka yokuti mabumbiro emitemo akanangidzirwa munhau kuganhurira chiremera chavakuru vakuru pashure pokugadziridzwa. Ballotia[ chipa migove ine udzame yemasimba egubrantor mumativi ose, kubatanidza kupfuudza miganhuro, uye ganhuriro dzenhambo.

Dzimwe Hurumende dzinosarudza vatongi vadzo pakati penhambo kana kuti pakati pesarudzo dzegore, uko kunotapura simba ragavhuna rezvamatongerwe enyika. Gavhuna akasarudzwa mugore apo boka rinoshora rinodzora chirongwa chomutemo angatarisana nedenho dzinopfuurira. Dzimwe dzine mauto anodzora enguva yakazara navashandi vakakura uye mabhajeti, nepo nyika zhinji dzine vatongi venguva imwe chete vanodzosa mabasa ehurumende namamwe mabasa.

Masimba enjodzi anosiyanawo: Dzimwe nyika dzinoda tendero yemitemo pashure pechiverengero chakatarwa chamazuva, nepo dzimwe dzichibvumira magavhuna kutambanudzira migariro yekurumidziro pasina kurangarira. Dambudziko reCOVID-19 rakaratidzira aya mativi akasiana, kuchitungamirira kukuchinja kwemitemo munyika dzinoverengeka kudzikamisa chiremera chekurumidziro.

Kunzwisisa misiyano iyi kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoongorora muitiro wehurumende, kufanotaura mufambiro wezvirongwa, kana kuti kubatanidzwa mukusagona kudzora.

Nhoroondo uye Kushanduka - shanduka

Masimba ehurumende akachinja zvikuru kubvira pakatanga United States. Mabumbiro emitemo ekare aiwanzova nesimba guru muimba yomutemo ndokupa magavhuna chiremera chakaganhurira, kuratidzira kusavimba simba rehurumende rakagarwa nhaka muruzivo rwehurumende. Mumazana amakore echigumi namapfumbamwe namamakumi maviri, magavhuna akawana simba rakawanda zvishoma nezvishoma kupfurikidza nokugadziridza kwebumbiro remitemo, chinjo dzemitemo, uye kukura kwemitoro yehurumende. Era yakawana chinjo dzakasimbisa kutarisirwa kwehurumende, kubatanidza kuumbwa kwemari yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende nemasimba okugadza.

Munhambo yazvino uno, magavhuna akava vanhu vakuru mumatongerwe enyika, kazhinji kazhinji vachibatira somuitiro uye zviso zvehurumende. Kuderera Kukuru Kwoupfumi, sangano rekodzero dzavagari vemo, uye kubvisa Hurumende yePnjo zvakawedzerazve basa ramagavhuna. Nhasi, magavhuna anopesvedzera mipimo yedzidzo, wedzero youtano, miraudzo yemhoteredzo, uye kuisa mari yezvokuchengetedza zvinhu kupfuura nakare kose. Bva kunyandukanya kukuru pakati pechiremera chehurumende netarisiro yemitemo yapamutemo kunoramba, uye chinjo dzenhambo nenhambo nenhambo dzinopfuurira kudzosa dzikamo yetsika.

mhedziso

Gavhuna vane simba asi vakasungirwa. Masangano avo anopiwa nebumbiro remitemo (*) kuita mitemo, kugadzirira mabhajeti, kugadza mitemo, kugadza vakuru vakuru, uye kupedza migariro yakakomba(abvumire kuumba muitiro wehurumende ndokupindura njodzi. Zvisinei, aya masimba anoganhurirwa neganhuriro dzemitemo, kunzvera kwemitemo, dare redare, kuganhurirwa kwehurumende, uye kuzvidavirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Gadziriro yechekedzo nerezvipingamupinyi inovimbisa kuti magaro haagoni kutonga oga; vanofanira kushanda nemitemo yehurumende, matare ehurumende, uye vanhu vanoshumira. Kunzwisisa masimba ose ari maviri ehurumende neganhuriro dzehurumende kunokosha nokuda kwomuganhuro upi noupi utsva kuti ushate nehurumende uye kutamba kwakaisvonaka kwechibvumirano chenyika yeAmerica.