Raje Sabra, sekamuri rapamusoro reIndiya’s bidamenal Parmend, ine nzvimbo inosiana uye kazhinji kazhinji isingashandiswi mugadziriro yomutemo. Pakati pamasimba ayo mazhinji ebumbiro remitemo, mano okusuma nokupfuudza Masangano eHupi zvaMatezo ose anosimbwa segadziriro yakakomba yokuva nechokwadi chokuti purogiramu dzemitemo hadzina kurongwa bedzi navakuru vakuru. Iri simba rinobvumira mitezo mimwe nemimwe yeParamende (maMP) iyo isiri rutivi rwehurumende inotonga kuisa mutemo panhau dzinorangarira kuva dzinokosha, nokudaro kuchipfumisa kurukurirano yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende namadigamendero nokupinza mifungo yakasiana-kasiana- siyana mumuitiro wokuita mutemo. Nepo mingava mingava inodzora nguva yedare, mitezo yehurumende yeUtengo inobatira sechengeteko inokosha nokuda kwokutaura zvinhu zvingaregeredzwa nehurumende.

Kunzwisisa Zvipikirwa Zvemitezo Yavanhu Oga: Mavambo Nedonzo

Dare reAboutry Bill igweta rinotangwa nenhengo yeParamende iyo isati iri mufundisi. MuIndia, mabhiri akadaro anogona kutangwa muimba ipi neipi yeParamende, asi kuronga kwavo nokubudirira zvakaziviswa zvikuru munhau muRaje Sabha. Mitemo yacho inobva mutsika yeWestminstern, umo vaparidzi vanopiwa nguva chaiyo yokuronga mitemo. Chinangwa chikuru ndechokubvumira mitezo kumisa nhau dzeitiro yehurumende dzingasawirirana nemitemo yehurumende yepedyo. Iyi mingava inofukidza rudzi rukuru rwezvinjo dzenzanga nedziviriro yemhoteredzo kumiraudzo yetsika. Pasinei zvapo nokuva mutemo wakakurumbira. Vanowanzoita hurukuro dzavose uye vanogona kukurudzira hurumende kuita chiito kana kuti chiito chokutarisira.

Simba reRaje Sabha Mumuitiro Wemitezo Yapachivande

Rajiya Sabba yakaraira basa rebumbiro remitemo senzvimbo yokumutsidzira nokuumbwa kwayo kwakatanhamara (matevedzeri akasarudzwa namagungano ehurumende uye akasarurwa napurezidhendi) inopa daro rakati kubva kudzvinyiriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzekare dzinotapura Lok Sabhaha. Iri betsero yakaita kuti Rajiya Sabba ive inobetsera zvikuru kusumo nokurangarirwa kwakakomba kwemitezo yeAbon Confects. Mukusiana neLok Sabbaha, umo voruzhinji vehurumende kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanotungamirira kukuvadziko yakadaro kumugumo worusando kana kuti kuvharwa kwenguva dzose, Rajiyaha ine tsika yokuikurukura zvikuru. Imba yapamusoro yapawo mativi mashomanene akatanhamara eHumbi dzeHumbi, basa risingawanzova riri muRoki. Idziro rinobva muRyabhiki. Syahab rinobatanidza kupfuutsiro mukuru zvikuru, uye rinowedzera kupfurikidza nokuzivikanwa namano zvapamutemo, nyanzvi dzapamutemo dzinozivisa kupfurikidza kuzivisa dzidzo.

Hwaro Hwebumbiro reMitemo Nemitemo

Chikamu 107 neChikamu 108 cheBumbiro reMitemo reIndia chinogovera gadziriro dzokusuma nokupfuudza zvikwereti, kubatanidza izvo zvinodzorwa nemitezo yavanhu. Mitemo yeProcediture neFource of Biss muRaja Sabbaha (Rusabhaha) inotonga zvakananga Marudzi 64-73. Rusando rwuri rwose, nguva inogoverwa nokuda kwokusuma kwavo uye kurukurirano yemabhii, kupfurikidza netsutsumwa. Pashure pazvo, mutezo unofanira kupa ziviso yomwedzi usati watanga mutero, pashure pokunge waongororwa nemitemo nokuda kwebumbiro remitemo. Kana mutezo wacho uchirongwa wemitemo uye mukati pamutemo weimba, unorongwa. Pashure pokusuma.

Gadziriro Yakakwana Yokusuma Nokupfuura Mutezo Wakavanzika muRaje Sabhaha

Kunzwisisa muitiro wacho nenhano kunoratidza zvose zviri zviviri mikana neganhuriro zvinotarisana nemitezo yapachivande. Rwendo rweMutezo wePuntshemhe wePurezi muRajiya Sabhaha runobatanidza nhano dzinoverengeka:

Chikamu 1: Cherekedza uye Kunzvera

Mutezo unofanira kupa chiziviso chegweta, pamwe chete norugwaro rwaro uye kutaura kwezvinhu nezvikonzero, inenge mwedzi mumwe purogiramu isati yatanga. Rajia Sabra Secretat inonzvera mutengi wemhosva yezvikanganiso zvipi nezvipi zvebumbiro remitemo, kupesana nemitemo iripo, kana kuti kushaikwa kwesimba remitemo. Kana ikawanikwa, inoiswa mumashoko nokuda kwezuva rokutanga.

Chikamu 2: Kutanga Nekurukurirano Dzakafanana

Zvisinei, kana hurumende kana kuti mimwe mitezo isingadi kukurukura zvishoma, kurukurirano inogona kuitika. Pakangotangwa, bhiriti racho rinobudiswa muGazette yeIndia uye rinova chinhu chinoramba chinoitwa nokuda kwekurukurirano yomunguva yemberi.

Chinotangira 3: Kurangarira uye Kudzorera kweDare

Pashure pesumo, dare rinogona kunzi "kurangarira" paChishanu chinotevera. Mutezo unogona kufambisa chiito kunongedzera mutero kuDare Rinosarudza kana kuti Dare Rokubatana. Matare anobvumira nzvero ine udzame, achikoka zvapupu zvine unyanzvi nezvikarakadzo zvavose. MuRajiya Sabha, dare rinonongedzera nokuda kweBhilimes reAbomate Contences panhambo nenhambo rakatungamirira kumishumo yehurumende inopesvedzera kunyange kana pamutemo wacho usingapfuuri.

Chikamu 4: Kukurukurirana Nokutaura

Apo chikwereti chakarongwa nokuda kwokurangarira, kurukurirano yakazara inovapo. Musundi anotsanangura zvinangwa zvepepa racho, mimwe mitezo inotaura, uye gadziridzo dzinogona kupiwa. Pashure pekurukurirano, imba inovhota kupfuudza pamutemo. Kana ipfuudzirwa nevoruzhinji vemitezo iripo uye kuvhota (kuva chikamu chimwe chemitezo yose), rugwaro runorangarirwa kuva runopfuudzwa neRaja Sabba. Zvisinei, ipapo, runofanira kuenda kuLok Sabbaha nokuda kweKongidzo, apo chishoro chehurumende chinowanzodzivisa fambiro mberi yarwo.

Chikamu 5: Kufanorongerwa MuLok Sabha

Kuti nhengo dzeHubbe’s Bill dzive mutemo, panofanira kupfuudzwa nedzimba dzose dziri mbiri uye kugamuchira chibvumirano chapurezidhendi. Mitemo yaLok Sabba inobvumira hurumende kuuraya zvinobudirira mabhiri akadaro kupfurikidza nokusaaronga, Rajiya Sabba inowanzova yokufananidzira. Kunyange zvakadaro, pakava nezvinoitika zvinooneka apo Ribhiri yeMatezo eRejaya Sabba yakapfuudzwa neHurumende kana kuti yakadzoserwazve somurayiro wehurumende. Somuenzaniso, chiratidzo Anti-Corbation Ombrisman (Lovalp) Bill AdY]

Kuenzanisa Raje Sabha naLok Sabha

Nzvero paHugate Mitezo yaBill yeRaje Sabha anozivisa basa rinoshingaira zvikuru. Kubvira muna 1952, Rajiya Sabhaha yapfuura pa127 Contems Consettess, nepo Lok Sabhaha yapfuura zvishoma. Zvikonzero zvacho zvakawanda:

  • [[Nguva] Nguva yokuparadza: Raja Sabha kazhinji kazhinji anowana nguva yakawanda zvikuru nepurogiramu kurukurirano nguva dzose zvikuru, nepo Lok Sabhaha inowanzopera nenguva yerusando nokuda kwezvikwereti zvakadaro.
  • Kutsamira pamitemo kweProtalical:[[FLT: 1] Mitezo yeLok Sabha yakabatana zvikuru netyava dzepati uye purogiramu yemitemo yehurumende, kuchikuita kwakaoma kuisa mutengo wakawanda usiri wehurumende.
  • [[FLT: 0] : Sezvo Raje Sabha iri imba yechigarire, mabhiri anotanga kutangwa murusando rumwe anogona kupfuudzirwa kurunotevera. MuLok Sabhaha, Matemu ose eHure eBill akaderera pakuparadzana, achimanikidzira muitiro kutangazve.
  • [[FLT: 0] Expertie:[[FLT: 1] Raja Sabha anobatanidza vatongi vazhinji vakakurumbira, nyanzvi dzemari, uye vashingairi venzanga vanoisa nhamburiko mukuita mutemo unodavika, kazhinji kazhinji vachiwana ruremekedzo rwamabhiparti.

Zvinetso Neganhuriro Zvinotarisana Nemitezo Yavanhu Voga

Pasinei zvapo nokusununguka kwaRaje Sabba kwakati, Matevedzeri eMateve eMamitezo eHuru anotarisana nemhinganidzo dzinotyisa. Chinokosha zvikurusa kushaikwa kwesimba rinodzorwa: kusafanana nezvikwereti zvehurumende, havagoni kuitwa rutivi rwegadziriro yemitemo yapamutemo yeBhisitiki yeBhisitiki yeSadvisory Committee. Vanotsamira chose chose chose pakuvapo kweChishanu, icho chinobviswa nemhaka yerimwe bhizimisi. Kunyange apo hurumende inova inoshora, vanodokuva nechokwadi chokuti kukundikana nemhaka yokuti Raja Sabba panhau dzakadaro haasati achidzokerwa nokuda kwemabato ose, asi boka racho kazhinji kazhinji rinoramba richikurira. Kuwedzera, muitiro wacho unoda kugadzirirwa kukuru kubva kunhengo dzomutemo. Kukurukurirana nenyanzvi, uye kukurukurirana nenyanzvi, kushambadza kwadzorodza kwakawanda kushaikwa nemari. Sezvipoteshi zvizhinji, Nheteshi zvaMakaruzhinji ezvipotoo.

Zvinetso Zvemari Semhinganidzo

Chikamu 117 cheBumbiro reMitemo chinoda kuti mutengo unobatanidza ndyiko muContived Fund yeIndia unogona bedzi kusumwa nerumbidzo yapurezidhendi, iyo inoreva chaizvoizvo tsigiro yehurumende. Nemhaka yokuti mitezo mizhinji yeHute Bills inokarakadza gadziriro itsva kana kuti mapurogiramu, inovharwa chose chose kutoti hurumende yaabvisa.Ichi chitengi chikuru chinoganhurira zvakakomba ukuru hwezvikwereti zvakadaro.

Kuchinja Mabhiri Akakundikana Kuva Mitambo

Kunyange apo Rima Service’s Bill isati yava mutemo, inogona kuva nesimba guru. Zvikwereti zvakakwirira zvakatangwa naRaja Sabhaha zvakatungamirira kuchinjo huru dzemiitiro. Somuenzaniso:

  • Mutezo unoiswa mumuromo [[FL:0]M.P. Veerendra Kumar wakatanga mutezo wokudzora kushandiswa kwepurasitiki muna 1999, uyo gare gare wakaumba hwaro hwePlastic Waste Management Ruremo.
  • Raja Sabra mutezo weboka renzanga K.S. Gill akatanga chibvumirano pamusoro pokutsiva kwechitsama chamaoko muna 1993, achibetsera kukurumidzisa mutemo wehurumende pachayo panhau yacho.
  • Kudzivirirwa kwekodzero Dzevanhu Nechiito Chourema, 2016 kwakatorwa zvikuru kubva paMativi ePurite eMitezo yapakuvamba yaMatezo akatamira muRajiya Sabha.

Mienzaniso yakadaro inoratidzira simba remitezo yePrimes dzeHubrite kuti ishande sezvisakiso zvokuchinja kwemitemo , kunyange apo isati ichipedza muitiro wapamutemo wokugadza.

Kukarakadzwa Kwechinjo Kuti Vasimbise Mabhiri Emitezo Yakavanzika

Nemhaka yokukosha kwadzo kwehurumende yegutsaruzhinji, matare akawanda eparamende nenyanzvi dzemitemo vakarayira kuti pave nokuchinja kuti zvirongwa zvePunts Contemporate zvibudirire zvikuru.

  • Nguva yakagadziriswa:[[FL:1] Nhamba duku yemazuva okugara parusando rumwe chete nokuda kweMari dzeMatezo Avoruzhinji, nokudzima kushoma.
  • Kunzvera kweDare kwapachivande: Mitezo Yose Yapachivande inopfuura nhano yokutanga inofanira kunongedzera nenzira isingazivikanwi kudare rakamira rine miganhu inosunga kushuma.
  • Panline Revision and Open Confict: Kuchinjwa kwomuitiro wose, kubvumira kunzverwa kwavose nezvikarakadzo, zvakafanana ne Parliatic Digital Library[
  • Mari inoziviswa Presalmatic Mechanism: Dare rakazvitsaurira kunzvera rezverevo dzemari dzemitezo yePrigts nemagwaro okubudisa pamberi pechikamu 117.

Nepo pasina chimwe chezvinjo izvozvi chakashandiswa zvizere, Raje Sabra yakananga kukuoneka kukuru zvikuru kupfurikidza nokubudisa Mativi Avoga eMitezo paIndaneti uye kugovera tsigiro yokunyora mitemo kumitezo kupfurikidza ne Lok Sabha Sectariat’s Bill Distrating Cell (iyo inobetserawo Rajiya Sabra mitezo).

Revo Yakapararira Nokuda Kwehurumende YechiHindu Yehurumende Yamadiro

Mano aRaje Sabra okusuma nokupfuudza Masangano eMarudzi eHuru anobatira pamwe anopfuura kunamatwa kwechinzvimbo; iko ibwe renhau rehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vane utano. Inovimbisa kuti muitiro wemitemo haudzorwi navakuru vakuru uye kuti mutezo uri wose weimba yapamusoro une nzira yakananga yokukarakadza nayo mhinduro dzokunyangidzira nhau dzenyika. Iri simba rinosimbisa nheyo yomufananidzo wemitemo. (* mitezo inogona kutaura pamusoro pehurumende, nzanga yavagari vemo, kana kuti nzanga dzakachekwa pasi kupfurikidza nomutauro wemitemo. Uyezve, rinokurudzira tsika dzekurukurirano nerangariro, umo mifungo inoedzwa mukurwisana nezvibvumikiso noufakazi. Munhambo apo kushanda kwomutemo kunowanzova nekurukurirano yemitemo pamusoro pekurukurirano, uye kusimbisa mitezo yehurumende yehurumende inochengeta nzira yapamutemo iri madikanwa nokuda kwesangano rehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yega yezvomugondinga reIndia.

Mugumisiro: Chishandiso Chinotarisirwa Bva Chinokosha Chomutemo

Simba reRaje Sabba rokusuma nokupfuudza mitezo yeHungu yeMitezo inozvidavirira rine nzvimbo yechienzi mugadziriro yebumbiro remitemo yeIndia. Nepo mwero webudiriro yezvikwereti zvakadaro unoramba wakaderera nemhaka yeganhuriro dzeprocedal nedzezvamatongerwe enyika, ukoshi hwazvo huri mukuva mukuva mutemo bedzi asi muhurukuro inoumba mitemo, kuonesa nhau dzinoregeredzwa, uye kuva nehurumende inozvidavirira. Rajiya Sabha, nechimiro chayo chakatanhamara nechimiro chayo chakazvimirira zvikuru, zvakashandisa nenzira yenhau simba iri nenzira inobudirira zvikuru kupfuura Lok Sabbah, kugadza mienzaniso yokuti mutemo webhench unogona sei kupesvedzera mufambiro wenyika. Nokuti Paramende yemitemo yokuratidzira zvirokwazvo kuda kwavanhu, simba iri rinofanira kuchengetwa, kwete kutendwa. Sezvzvinoitwa, vagari vemo vemo vemo vemo vemo vehurumende yaMatefefeya vanobetsera vanobetsera vanoonawose.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, nongedzera ku LGRIS Whitestry nokuda kwemashoko ane udzame paMari yeMatezo Eteokrate, uye dare Raja Sabba Webchecture nokuda kwemitemo yevhu nezvinyorwa zvenhau. Kuwedzera, kunzvera kwakakwana kweMativi eMtezo eHungu anobudirira kunowanika kupfurikidza nenyaya yeHindu [[FLT:]]