Bazi Rine Simba: Kunzwisisa Simba Raro Nebasa Rako Somugari Wemo

Bazu guru injini inosunda kushanda kwezuva nezuva kwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende. Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo richiisa simba remitemo muCongress nesimba rokutonga mumatare, bazu guru rine mutoro wokushandisa nokushandisa mitemo inopfuudzwa neDare. Nokuda kwavagari vemo, kunzwisisa masimba nemabasa ebazu guru hakusi muitiro wedzidzo chete. Kunokosha kuti vagari varambe vachiziva kuti zvisarudzo zvehurumende zvinotapura sei upenyu hwako, nzanga yako, uye rudzi rwose. Nyaya inopa kupfupikiswa kwakakwana kwemasimba ebazi guru, vatambi vakuru, uye nzira dzinoshanda dzinogona kungoitawo zviito zvokutungamirira.

Mabasa Nemabasa Ebazi Rinotungamirira

Bazu guru rinotungamirirwa naPurezidhendi weUnited States, anosarudzwa makore mana ari ose neElectoral College. Basa guru rebumbiro remitemo ndero “kungwarira kuti mitemo ipedzwe nokutendeka,” kunoreva kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo yehurumende inoitwa nenzira inobudirira uye isingachinji. Basa iri rinotambanudzwa panenge pamativi ose oupenyu hweAmerica, kubva pachengeteko yenyika uye muitiro wokumwe kusvikira kumitemo yezvemari uye utano hwevanhu.

Bazu ravakuru rinobatanidzawo Vice Purezidhendi, Kibit (rakaumbwa navakuru vemadhipatimendi 15 anotungamirira), uye masangano akawanda ehurumende, masangano, uye masangano anozvimirira. Pamwe chete, aya masangano anotarisira gadziriro hurusa dzinobata chinhu chiri chose kubva kubetsero dzeSangano reSangano renzanga nedziviriro yemhoteredzo kugadziriro yokuchengetwa kwevatamiri vemo nemhinduro yengwavaira. The White House ne Office of Management and Drustment (OMB) zvinoronga nokuronga mari, nepo masangano akafanana neBato reRugare rweSahluleko, Department, uye Department of Health and Human Services airvices anoparadza mabasa awo chaiwo.

Mutoro mukuru webazu rinotonga unoita muitiro wokumwe. Purezidhendi anobatira somumiriri mukuru, zvibvumirano (netendero yeDare), kugamuchira nhume, uye kumirira United States padanho renyika yose. Hurumende neNational Security Council zvinotsigira Purezidhendi mukuumba nokushandisa mutemo wokumwe, kubatanidza zvibvumirano zvezvokutengeserana, zvibvumirano, uye kuita kuzvinetso zvenyika dzakawanda.

Rimwe basa guru nderokutarisira vashandi vehurumende. Nevashandiwo zvavo vanenge mamiriyoni 2,1, bazi guru ndiro mushandirwi mukurusa wenyika. Idzi vashandi vehurumende (_vanobva kuvagadziri vemipaka nenzveri dzezvokudya kusvikira kuvanzveri vane manoro) vanonzvera vane mano uye vanonzvera vane chiremera chemitemo nemabasa izvo Dare rinobvumira. Purezidhendi ane chiremera chinokosha chokuisa pakutanga vashandi ava kupfurikidza nemirairo yevakuru vakuru vakuru, hofisi yebasa, uye nhungamiro yehurumende.

Masimba Makuru aPurezidhendi

Purezidhendi ane masimba anoverengeka ebumbiro remitemo neremitemo ayo anobvumira pesvedzero huru pamuitiro wenyika.

Mirayiro Yakapiwa Vatungamiriri uye Purezidhendi Metranda

Chimwe chezvishandiso zvinooneka zvikurusa imurairo wechiremera. Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo risingadudzi zvakajeka mirairo yavakuru vakuru, zvakashandiswa naPurezidhendi ari wose chifo George Washington kutungamirira kushanda kwehurumende yehurumende. Nhevedzo yehurumende inobata simba romutemo asi haidi tendero yebvumirano. Zvisinei, inofanira kuiswa muchiremera chinenge chiripo kana kuti simba remitemo raPurezidhendi webumbiro remitemo. Madare anogona kurova mitemo yevakuru vakuru inopfuudza miganhuro yemitemo. Mienzaniso inobatanidza Prezidhendi Harry Truman’s dese consion of arcericional (Exeut Orderce 9981) uye Prezidhendi Crain D. Roosevelt’s regatems reJapanen (Ed Orderration 906, gare gare gare gare)

Purezidhendi webasa ramatranda akafanana asi rinoshandiswa zvakashata nokuda kwenhau dzokutarisira uye haridi chinyorwa muFederal Register. Maturusi ose ari maviri anobvumira mapurezidhendi kuita chinjo dzemiitiro yokukurumidza pasina kumirira Congress, uko kuri chikonzero nei vachiwanzoitirana nharo. Vagari vemo vanogona kuronda mirairo yavakuru vakuru kupfurikidza ne [ Register

Simba Rokugadza

Purezidhendi anogadza zviuru zvavakuru vakuru vehurumende, kubatanidza vanyori veCabinet, vatongi vehurumende (kubatanidza vatongi veDare Rapamusorosoro), nhume, uye vakuru vemasangano akazvimirira. Kuwanda kukurusa kweidzi kugadza kunoda kusimbiswa neDare, uko kunogovera nzvero pasimba rapurezidhendi. Simba rokugadza rinobvumira Purezidhendi kuumba nhungamiro yehurumende kwamakore(ane makumi amakore). Zvizvarwa zvinofanira kuisa ngwariro kumitemo nemhaka yokuti zvinotapura sei mitemo panhau dzakafanana nekodzero dzokuvhotera, kuchengetedzwa kwoutano, uye murairo wemhoteredzo.

Mutungamiriri-murwi-murwi

Bumbiro reMitemo rinodudza Purezidhendi seMutungamiriri wemauto ane zvombo. Ikoku kunopa Purezidhendi chiremera chokutungamirira mabasa ehondo, kuraira mauto kupinda muhondo, uye kuita zvisarudzo zvemutongo pamusoro pedziviriro yorudzi. Zvisinei, Dare bedzi rine simba rokuzivisa hondo. Dzikamo pakati pamasimba ehondo apurezidhendi nechiremera chesangano yave iri manyuko enyasha munhau yose yeU.S., zvikurukuru pashure pechisarudzo cheHondo yeHondo ya1973 yapfuudzirwa paPrezidhendi Nixon’s. Kunzwisisa iyi inobetsera vagari vemo vanoshanda nesimba kurangarira kurukurirano pamusoro pokupindira kwehondo nokushandiswa kwesimba.

Simba reVeto

Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kuisa mutemo unopfuudzwa neCongress, achiidzivisa kuva mutemo. Congress inogona kukunda chitsotsi nezvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvakawanda mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri, asi kudzorwa kwakadaro hakuwanzoitiki. Simba reveto rinopa Purezidhendi basa rinokosha mumuitiro wemitemo ne(inobvumira mukuru mukuru kuvhara zvikwereti zvaanoramba achidzivisa uye kutaurirana. Mapurezidhendi anogonawo kushandisa tyisidziro yeveto kuti adzore izvo Congresss zvinoisa mberi. Suoto, iyo inoitika apo Purezidhendi asingasai mari mukati mamazuva gumi apo Congress anenge achidzoserwa, chishandiso chinozivikanwa zvishoma asi chichiri nesimba.

Maparoni Nemaparibhi

Purezidhendi ane simba rokukanganwira mhaka dzehurumende, kunze kwemhaka dzekusatendeseka. Simba iri rinobvumira Purezidhendi kukanganwira kupwiswa kwomunhu ndokudzorera maruramiro avo avagari vemo. Pardons anogona kumutsa nharo apo anoshandiswa kubetsera vasonganiri kana kuti sechishandiso chezvamatongerwe enyika. Simba rokukanganwira rakakwana mugadziriro yomubatanidzwa, asi harishandi kuutsotsi hwehurumende. Kunzwisisa ikoku kunobetsera vagari vemo kurangarira zvisarudzo zvapurezidhendi pamusoro petsika neruramisiro youtsotsi.

Nzvero Nedzikamo: Nzira Iyo Bazu Rine Chinzvimbo Chine Simba Rinodzorwa Nayo

Vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo vakaita noune gadziriro yokunzvera nedzikamo kudzivisa bazu ripi neripi kuva rine simba zvikuru. Simba rebazu guru rinoongororwa naCongress neDare reMitemo munzira dzinoverengeka dzinotambudza.

Kutarisira Kunoitwa Nevarwi

Congress ine simba rokutarisira bazu guru kupfurikidza nokunzwa, kunzvera, uye matare eCongregational anogona kuraira vakuru vakuru vebazu kupupurira pamusoro pezviito zvavo, mabhajeti, uye mitemo. Dare rinosimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi ndokuita zvibvumirano. Dare rinodzorawo bhajeti rehurumende (nemari ipi neipi inogona kushandiswa pasina kudzorwa, uye Purezidhendi haagoni kutsautsa mari yezvinangwa zvisingatenderwi neCongress. Simba inobvumira Poroneral kupomera Purezidenti netsorororororororo." Dare rinodzorawo kuti mari yemari ishairwe pasina dare rinoidzosa. Mapurezidhendi matatu bedzi anogona kushatsairwa: Andrew Johnson, Clinton, naDonaldensban (Clance). Simba rinobvumira kuti imba yeSangano ripi rehurumendero rizvidzoro rimene. Asi hapana rinozvidzora kudzodzo

Kuhwirudzura Kutonga

Dare rehurumende rinogona kuhwirudzura zviito zvavakuru vakuru nokuda kwebumbiro remitemo. Kana mutemo kana kuti murayiro wavakuru vakuru ukaputsa Bumbiro remitemo, matare anogona kuuparadza. Chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa mu Bhokisi repwere REPAUROBHAUROBHA. (1952) (1952) rakaganhurirwa kuedza kwaPrezidhendi Truman kutora zvigadziko zvesimbi mukati meHondo yeKorea, kusimbisa kuti Purezidhendi haagoni kuita zvinopfuura chiremera chebumbiro remitemo neredhiyo. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, matare akavhara kana kuti agadziridza zviito zvinoverengeka zvoukurusa, kubatanidza zvirambidzo zvokufamba nokutama. Vagari vangatevera kutonga kwedare vakuru vedare munzvimbo dzedare panzvimbo yedare reThekito yeKorea reKorea [[FLTLT][F:].

Mafungiro Evanhu Nezvinobudisa Nhau

Kunyange zvazvo pasina kuongorora kwapamutemo, maonero evoruzhinji uye zvinobudisa nhau zvine simba pabazi guru.Mapurezidhendi anoda kutsigirwa nevanhu kuti vagadzirwezve uye kuti vafambisire mberi zvirongwa zvavo.Kupa mishumo yenhau yemari kunogona kufumura kusazvibata, kusakwanisa, kana kuti kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba.First Amendment inodzivirira mano evanobudisa nhau okushuma nezvezviito zvevakuru vakuru, uye vagari vemo vanoramba vachiziva vanogona kuita kuti vatungamiriri vazviito zvokuvhota uye kuvimbisana nehurumende.

Kabhineti Negadziriro Dzehurumende

Dare rine Vice Purezidhendi wePurezidhendi uye vatungamiriri vemadhipatimendi 15 anotungamirira, vakadai seBato reHurumende, Treasurer, Justice, Justice, Formary, Agriculture, Labor, Health and Human Services, House Development, Energy, Veterans Affaits, uye Homeland Security. Bazi rimwe nerimwe rine basa chairo uye rinoita mapurogiramu anotapura mamiriyoni eAmerica. Somuenzaniso, Department of Veterans Affairs inoita gadziriro hurusanoramential outano munyika, uye Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inoisa mipimo yezvokushatiko pasi pomutemo wehurumende.

Masangano ezvitendero namasangano akasununguka, akadai seFederal Reserve, Federal Commission (FC), uye Secureties and Exchange Commission (SEC), anoshanda nokuzvimirira kwakati kubva kuna Purezidhendi kuvadzivirira padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Zvisinei, Purezidhendi anogadza vatungamiriri vavo, kazhinji kazhinji namashoko anokatyamadzwa kuchengetedza kupfuurira. Vagari vemo vanogona kuwana mashoko ane udzame pamusoro pesangano rimwe nerimwe pa USA.gov ramasangano ehurumende .

Mirayiridzo Yavatungamiriri Mumuitiro: Tapuro Yenyika Chaiyoiyo

Mirairo yavakuru vakuru inogona kuva nemiuyo yapakarepo neyakare-kare. Somuenzaniso, mutungamiriri wePurezidhendi Joe Biden pamusoro pechinjo yemamiriro okunze yakawirirana neChibvumirano cheParis, apo murairo waPrezidhendi Donald Trump pamusoro peganhuriro dzokutama dzakatangwa dzokutama dzinobva kunyika dzinoverengeka. Nhevedzo ipi neipi youkuru inobudiswa muFederal Register uye inosimbiswa muTit 3 yeCode of Federal Regional. Vagaricates vanogona kunzvera ndokutsinhira pamiraudzo inokarakadzwa kupfurikidza ne .gov

Kunokosha kusiyanisa pakati pemirairo yavakuru vakuru nemitemo. Murayiro mukuru haugoni kukurira mutemo unopfuudzwa neDare. Kana Congress isingabvumirani nemurairo wevakuru vakuru, kunogona kupfuudza mutemo kuti ubve. (kunyanguvezvo kuti mutemo uri pasi poupurezidhendi wenhosveto. Kutonga kweDare Gurusasasa mu ] Tsima reHomeland Security v. Regents of the University of California[[[FLT]]20]) rakaratidza kuti matare achanzvera kana Purezidhendi achitevera miitiro yakafanira pasi peAdhestritive Ad Recure Act.

Nzira Iyo Vagari Vayo Vanogona Kuramba Vachiziva NezveBazi Rine Chiremera

Vagari vomuguta vanoda kuongorora zvavanoita uye kunzwisisa zvavanoita vanofanira kushandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana zvinobudiswa nehurumende, zvishandiso zvehurumende, uye kuvimbisana.

  • Kutevera mawebsite ehurumende ehurumende nezvinobudisa nhau. The White House ( house.gov) inobudisa mirayiridzo yevakuru vakuru, inotsikirira mipfupi, uye mashoko emitemo. Mawebsite eAgency anopa mashoko ane udzame pamusoro pemirauriro, mapurogiramu, uye tsinhiro dzavose. Nhau dzenzanga dzinobva kuna Purezidenti, mabhineti, uye masangano anowanzozivisa zvirongwa zvitsva munguva chaiyoiyo.
  • Misangano yavose yapamberi nehoro dzamataundi. Masangano akawanda ehurumende anoita misangano yavose kuti apedze betsero pamitemo inokarakadzwa. Mitezo yeCongress inogamuchirawo horo dzamataundi apo ungabvunza mibvunzo pamusoro pezviito zvavakuru vakuru. Maraibhurari omunzvimbomo namapoka ehurumende pane dzimwe nguva anoronga marusando nenyanzvi.
  • Kurava manyuko enhau akakurumbira anobatanidza zviito zvehurumende. Mapepanhau makuru akadai seThe New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, uye Associated Press akatsaurira White House navanyori vemitemo yehurumende. Nopartarian mabudiro akadai seNPR, C-SPAN, uye PBS News Hour anogovera kupendiswa kwokupedzisira pasina kunyandura. Kunzvera kwapamutemo, verenga SCOUSSUSblog kana kuti Lawfare.
  • Partipate mupurogiramu dzedzidzo yavagari vemo. Masangano akafanana neNational Constitution Center, Bill of Rights Institute, uye League of Women Voters anopa zvinhu zvapachena pamusoro penzira iyo bazu rehurumende rinoshanda nayo. Makoreji akawanda enzanga namayunivhesiti anotakura hurukuro kana kuti kosi dzepaIndaneti.
  • shandisa maturusi okuona. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) inobvumira vagari vemo kukumbira marekodhi kubva kumasangano ehurumende. Office yeHurumende Yokubudisa (GPO) inogovera kusvika kuCongregation Record, Federal Register, uye mamwe magwaro ehurumende. GovInfonso
  • Chiratidzo chenhevedzo dzeemail dzinobva kumasangano aunoda. Somuenzaniso, EPA inopa nyevero pamusoro pemirau mitsva, uye Federal Register inotumira kupeta kwezuva nezuva kwezvinyorwa zvapurezidhendi nezviito zvesangano.

Mutungamiriri Mukuru Mukuru Nebudiriro

Vice Purezidhendi ane mabasa makuru maviri: anotungamirira paDare (kuisa vhoti dzinoparadza tayi) uye kutevera Purezidhendi kana hofisi ikava isina chinhu. Gadziriro ye25, yakasimbiswa muna 1967, yakagadzwa miitiro yokutevedzana kwapurezidhendi neurema hwechinguvana. Mutungamiriri weSangano reSangano anowanzobatirawo somumiriri waPurezidhendi panzvimbo dzakati dzemitemo. Mutevedzeri weProfesi wapanguva ino akatora ngwariro panzvimbo dzinokosha dzechoto, dzakadai seKamara Harris pakodzero dzokuvhotera nedzokubuda.

Masimba Ekurumidziro Neganhuriro Dzechiremera Chinodzora

Mukati menjodzi(nzi, nhenda, ngwavaira dzomusikirwo, njodzi dzinoitika kazhinji kazhinji dzinoda masimba ekurumidziro makuru. National Emertitution Act (1976) inobvumira Purezidhendi kuzivisa njodzi yenyika, kuvhura zviremera zvehurumende. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi Trump akazivisa kurumidziro yenyika kutsigira kugadzirwa kwemadziro emuganhu, uye Purezidhendi Biden akazivisa kurumidziro nokuda kwedenda reCHOVAD nemamiriro okunze. Zvisinei, Congress anogona kugumisa ngozi kupfurikidza nokupfuudza chisarudzo chakabatana, uye matare anogona kuganhurira mamiriro ezvinhu ekurumidziro. Vagari vemo vanofanira kuziva kuti kuzivisa kurumidziro inogona kugara mumugariro unoshanda kwamakore kutoti kutoti kutonge dare kana kuti matare apindira.

Mitemo Yokumwe, Tsamba, uye Zvibvumirano Zvinodzora

Purezidhendi anotaurirana zvibvumirano namamwe marudzi, asi zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zveDare zvinofanira kubvuma chibvumirano chisati chava chibvumirano chinosungirwa. Kudzivisa ichi chipingamupinyi, vapurezidhendi kazhinji kazhinji vanoshandisa zvibvumirano zvehurumende, izvo zviri zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose zvisingadi tendero yeDare. Zvibvumirano izvi zvinosungirwa pasi pomutemo wenyika dzakawanda asi zvinogona kuchinjwa napurezidhendi vakatevera. Kushandiswa kwezvibvumirano zvehurumende zvakura kubvira paHondo Yenyika II, zvichimutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pedzikamo pakati pechibvumirano chapurezidhendi nedare rinotarisirwa. Vagarica vanogona kuwana magwaro ebvumirano kupfurikidza nenzvimbo yeSangano reNyika yeSangano.

Kubvuma: Kuongorora Kukuru

Kuvhota kwapamberi pedare kunodikanwa kuti vapedze mubato wavakuru vakuru. Imba yavhota vamiririri panyaya dzokusatenderwa (sekupoka kwemhosva), uye kana kupfuvura kupi nokupi, Dare rinotonga. Voti mbiri netatu muDare rinodikanwa kuti ripedzerwe mhaka ndokubviswa. Imba yakasaidzira purezidhendi vatatu (Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, Donald Trump kaviri), asi hapana yabviswa. Muitiro wacho ichishandiswa chezvamatongerwe enyika, kwete chishandiso chetsotsi, uye chinobatira secherekedzoro pakushandiswa zvisina kufanira simba kwapurezidhendi. Vagari vanofanira kunzwisisa kuti kusada utsotsi; “utsotsi hukuru nehusina kufanira” hwakabatanidza chiremera chakakomba.

Mugumisiro: Kupiwa Simba Nokuziva

Bazu guru isangano rine simba uye rakaoma kunzwisisa rinoumba anenge mativi ose oupenyu hweAmerica. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa chimiro charo, masimba, uye ganhuriro, vagari vemo vanogona kupinda murubudiriro rukuru nehurumende yavo. Gadziriro yecheki nedzinodzikamo dzinova nechokwadi chokuti hakuna bazi rimwe rinoshanda pasina tarisiro, asi kuri kuva vagari vemo kushandisa zvishandiso zvinowanika(/), kukurukura navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, kupinda munzwi, uye kutevera manyuko akavimbika anozvidavirira.

Iva nenguva yokuongorora zvinhu zvakabatanidzwa munyaya ino yose.