Dare reUnited States rinomira serimwe ramasangano makurusa emitemo munyika, richishandisa pesvedzero huru pamusoro pehurumende yeAmerica, muitiro, uye nhungamiro yorudzi. Serimwe ramakamuri maviri anoumba Congress, Dare rinoita basa rinokosha mukuumba mutemo wehurumende, kusimbisa vakuru vakuru vehurumende, kusimbisa zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose, uye kushanda senzvero inodenha pasimba revakuru. Kunzwisisa masimba emitemo yeDare remitemo nemitoro kunokosha nokuda kwomugari ari wose anoda kubatanidzwa zvine rediro yehurumende uye kunzwisisa kuti zvisarudzo zvinotapura sei upenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva zvinoitwa muWashington, DC.C.

Simba Remitemo reDare

Kuumbwa namasimba zveDare kunotangwa neChikamu Chokutanga cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., icho chave chichishanda chifo chaMarch 4, 1789. Imwe neimwe yehurumende 50 inomirirwa navamiririri vaviri vanobatira mashoko anoshamisa amakore matanhatu, nokuda kwehwerengedzo yemitezo 100. Uyu mufananidzo wakaenzana, pasinei zvapo nechiverengero chavagari vehurumende, wakanga uri kubvumirana kunokosha mukati meConstitution yeBumbiro reMitemo, yakadzikamisa, yakadzikamisa fariro dzemitezo miduku nemikuru zvikuru mugadziriro yomubatanidzwa.

Chikamu 1, Chikamu 3 cheBumbiro reMitemo chinogadza zvikwaniriso zvitatu nokuda kwaVanesanzi: mutevedzeri mumwe nomumwe anofanira kuva ane makore anenge 30 okukura, anofanira kuva akanga ari mugari weUnited States kwaanenge makore mapfumbamwe apfuura, uye mugari (panguva yesarudzo) yehurumende yaanotsvaka kumirira. izvi zvinodikanwa zvinovimbisa kuti vatenzi vane ukuru, ruzivo rwokuzviwanira, uye batano yechokwadi nezvikwaniriso zvavanomirira.

Shoko resenate makore matanhatu uye mashoko anokatyamadzwa zvokuti inenge chikamu chimwe chezvigaro zvinoiswa nokuda kwesarudzo makore maviri ari ose. Kukatyamadzwa kwamashoko acho kunorongwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvigaro zvose zviri zviviri zvinobva kunyika yakapiwa hazvitongoitwi mumakwikwi mamwe chetewo kunze apo nzvimbo yavose iri kuzara. Iyi gadziriro inoparira kupfuurira kwesangano nokutsiga, inodzivisa chinjo huru mumitezo yeDare idzo dzinogona kudzongonyedza basa remitemo rinopfuurira.

Chiremera Chomutemo Chedare

Pamwe chete, Dare neImba zvine chiremera pasi peChikamu Chokutanga cheBumbiro reMitemo kuti chiite ndokupfuudza kana kuti kukunda mutemo wehurumende. Muitiro wemitemo unoda makamuri ose ari maviri kutendera zvimiro zvakafanana zvemutemo usati wagona kutumirwa kuPurezidhendi kuti asaine. Iyi nzira yebhimeral inovimbisa kurangarira kwakakwana uye inodzivisa kugadzira mitemo nokukurumidza.

Zvisinei, masimba eDare romutemo anouya neganhuriro dzakati dzebumbiro remitemo. Groinciation Claus yeBumbiro reMitemo rinopa kuti "Zvikwereti zvose zvokusimudzira purofiti zvitange muImba yavamiririri". Somuuyo, Dare harina simba rokuvamba mitero inoraira mitero. Iyi gadziriro inoratidzira chitendero chavavambi kuti imba inozvidavirira zvikuru kuvanhu inofanira kudzora mutero.

Dare rinogoverana mutoro wacho neImba yavamiriri nokuda kwokuita mitemo yehurumende. Vamiriri vanogona kusuma zvikwereti, kuzvikurukura, kuzvitsiva, uye kuvhota panzvimbo yavo. Kuti vave mutemo.

Simba Rezano Nekubvuma: Kugadzwa kwaPurezidhendi

Rimwe ramasimba akasiana zvikurusa eDare rinorevesa zvikurusa kusimbiswa kwokugadzwa kwapurezidhendi. Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa kuti purezidhendi "achasarudze, uye kupfurikidza uye neChikarakadzo nebvumirano zveDare, achagadza vamiriri, vamwe Vashumiri vavose naVanani, Vatongi veDare Rapamusorosoro, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru vose veUnited States... (Chikamu 2, 2). Iri simba rinopa pesvedzero huru paruvako rweSangano reSanicata reSangano reSanita nero guru.

Iri basa rebumbiro remitemo rinobatira secherekedzo inokosha pasimba roupurezidhendi, kuvimbisa kuti nzvimbo huru dzehurumende dzinozadzwa navanhu vanogona kumira vachinzverwa nokuratidzirwa kukwanisa.

Gadziriro Yokusimbisa

Zvikurukuru, mutongi ndiye wokutanga kutongwa pamberi pedare reDare. Pashure pacho, kusarudzwa kwomurume kunorangarirwa neDare rakazara. Mukati mokutongwa kwedare, vamiririri vanopanikira pamusoro pezvikwaniriso zvavo, ruzivo rwokuzviwanira, uzivi hwedare, uye nzvimbo panhau huru. Uku kutonga kunogovera kujeka uye kunobvumira vanhu kudzidza pamusoro pavanhu vangashandisa simba rehurumende rinokosha.

Ruzhinji rwavamiririri runosimbiswa; zvisinei, muchiverengero chiduku chezvinoitika gore rimwe nerimwe, matare eDare anokundikana namaune kuita chiito pakusarudzwa kwokuidzivisa. Mukuwedzera, purezidhendi pane dzimwe nguva anobvisa mashoko okuremekedza apo anoratidzika kuva asingabvumiki. Nemhaka yeizvi, kurambwa chose chose kwavamirini pauriri hweDare hakuwanzoitiki. Kunyanguvezvo, tyisidziro yokurambwa inobatira sepesvedzero ine simba pahudzori hwapurezidhendi.

Kana mutungamiriri akarangarirwa pauriri hweDare, kusimbisa kwake kunoda bedzi vhoti yakapfava, asi kupesana kunorambwa. Ikoku kunoreva kuti nepo mavhoti 51 bedzi achidikanwa nokuda kwokusimbiswa, vatarisiri vanogona kupinda mukurukurirano yakarebeswa pamusoro pavane kurukurirano, sezvingabvira vachinonoka kana kuti vachinetesa muitiro wokusimbisa.

Nhoroondo Yesimba Rokusimbisa

Kubatanidzwa kweDare mukugadza kwakatanga sechibvumirano mukati meConstitution yeBumbiro reMitemo. Vamwe vavamiriri vaitsigirwa kuti purezidhendi ave nesimba rokugadza rapoga, nepo vamwe vakatsigira kuti chiremera ichi chive chose chose neDare. Gadziriro inovapo, iyo inoda zvose zviri zviviri kuva purezidhendi nesimbiso yedare, inoratidzira dzikamo pakati peiyi mirangariro inokwikwikwidzana uye inobatira somuenzaniso wecheki nedzikamo zvakavakirwa mugadziriro yehurumende yeU.S.

Chibvumirano Chokudzikamisa: Basa Redare Mumutemo Wokumwe

Dare rinoshandisa pesvedzero huru pamusoro pomutemo wokumwe weAmerica kupfurikidza nesimba raro rokuita zvibvumirano. Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa Dare simba rokutendera, kupfurikidza nevhoti mbiri nhatu, zvibvumirano zvinoitwa nebazu guru. Ichi chinodikanwa chikuru chinovimbisa kuti zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose zvine tsigiro huru pamberi pokunge United States ichiita kwazviri.

Dare rakaramba zvishomanene zvikuru pamazana ezvibvumirano zvarakarangarira, kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vakafa mudare kana kuti vakabviswa napurezidhendi.

Mumuitiro wemitemo, zvibvumirano zvinobatwa sezvikwereti zvikuru: zvinonongedzerwa kuInternational Relations Committee, uko kungarangarirwa ndokushumwa. Dare rinogona kurangarira chibvumirano pauriri mumiitiro yakafanana inoshandiswa nokuda kwomutemo. Zvisinei, Bumbiro remitemo rinoda kuti maSanisi maviri ane mativi matatu anovhota abvumirane kuti chibvumirano chitenderwe. Ichi muganhu wakakwirira unoratidzira ukuru hwezvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose uye vimbiso kuti zvive netsigiro chaiyo yebipartisan.

Dare ringachinjawo chibvumirano kana kuti kugamuchira chinjo kubvumirano. purezidhendi angapindawo muzvibvumirano zvavakuru vakuru nenyika dzokumwe dzisiri pasi petendero yeDare. Zvibvumirano zvokutungamirira zvazova zvinozivikanwa navose zvikuru mukudzora kwazvino uno, zvichibvumira purezidhendi kuita muitiro wokumwe nechinjo huru zvikuru apo Dare rinoramba rine chiremera pamusoro pezvibvumirano zvepamutemo.

Simba Rokukumbira: Kuita Vakuru Vakuru Vane Mutoro

Dare rine simba rimwe chete rokuita miedzo yokutonga, richibatira somutoo unodenha wokubvisa vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanoita mufambiro wakashata wakakomba. Dare rine simba rimwe rokuita dare, zvikurukuru richibatira savatongi navatongi. Kubvira muna 1789 Dare rakaedza vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru 20 vehurumende, kubatanidza purezidhendi vatatu. Iri simba rinosimbisa basa reDare somuchengeti weperero yehurumende nokuzvidavirira.

Mashandiro Anoita Kukumbira

Mukuru mukuru anoshorwa kamwe apo bedzi vavhoti veImba vanobvumira nyaya yokusatenderwa. Imba ipapo inotumira mhaka - nyaya dzekusabvumirana - kudare, iyo inozviumba imene kuva dare rinobetsera vatongi. Imba Yavamiriri inoshanda somuchuchisi, ichipa ufakazi nenharo zvokubvisa, nepo Dare rinopa rutongeso namaune.

Dare rinotonga apo House of Desications inotonga apo mukuru mukuru wehurumende, akadai saPurezidhendi, Mutungamiriri wehurumende, kana kuti vatongi. Dare rinoshanda savatongi, neMutongi Mukuru weDare Gurusa anotungamirira dare. Voti yezvitatu zviviri muDare rinodikanirwa kubvisa mukuru mukuru mukuru asingapindwi pahofisi. Ichi chinodikanwa chikuru chinovimbisa kuti kubviswa pahofisi kunoda bvumirano huru uye chinodzivisa kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba.

Kana munhu anenge anyengerwa akawanikwa ane mhaka, iye kana kuti anogona kubviswa pahofisi ndokurambidzwa kuva nenzvimbo yehurumende zvakare. Dare harigoni kuisa chimwe chirango chipi nechipi, asi munhu wacho angatongwawo mumatare enguva dzose.Ichi chirambidzo chinovimbisa kuti kubhadharwa kunobatira somushonga wezvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwokusazvibata kwapamutemo panzvimbo pechirango choutsotsi.

Dare Rechinyakare Nechisori: Zvirongwa Zvedare Zvorumwe

Rimwe ramativi anosianisa zvikurusa imonilbuster, unyanzvi hwechimurenga hunobvumira kurukurirano yakatambanudzwa uye hunogona kuvhara mutemo. Chinoumba chinoitwa naveTenarime chinozivikanwa zvikuru sechimwe chemativi akatanhamara makurusa edare. Filibuster inobatanidza kushandiswa kupi nokupi kwenzira dzokuvhara kana kuti kuvhiringidza kumisa mwero kupfurikidza nokuidzivisa kusvika kuvhota. Bviro yavana vaFinbuster iripo nemhaka yokuti mitemo yeDare inoisa miganhu mishomanene pakodzero dzaSenetator uye mikana mumuitiro wemitemo.

Kufambira Mberi Kwenhau DzeFilibuster

Mutongi wedare rehurumende akanga asiri rutivi rwenguva dzose rwemuitiro weDare. Mano okupinda mukurukurirano isina kuganhurirwa akatangwa netsaona apo Dare rakagadziridza bhuku raro rokutonga muna 1806 ndokubvisa mano okuvhara kurukurirano ndokuunza nhau yaimirira kuvhota, inozivikanwa se "kubvisa mubvunzo wakare." Chakavamba soutariri hwakava mumwe wemiitiro yeDare inomutsa nharo zvikurusa nemigumisiro.

Muna 1917, nekangaidziko yakawedzera uye pakukurudzira kwaPurezidhendi Woodrow Wilson, vatenzi vakagamuchira mutemo (Mutemo weSayenzi 22) wakabvumira Dare kuparira kurumwa ndokuganhurira kurukurirano nevhoti mbiri dzezvitatu. Iyi chinjo yakaitika pashure peboka ravatambi vejeni rakaisa mutemo wokuisa ngarava dzavashambadzi pausiku hweHondo yeNyika I, kuchiparira rushatiso.

Muna 1975, Dare rakaderedza nhamba yamavhoti aidikanwa nokuda kwokuruma kubva kumaseneti maviri ane mativi matatu okuvhota kuvatatu vatevedzeri vose vakasarudzwa nokupikwa nenzira yapamutemo, kana kuti 60 vavamiriri 100 vazvino. Iyi chinjo yakaita kuti zvive zviri nyore zvikuru kukurira vanachikumbaridzo cha 60 chemari inokwana mativi matatu zvichiri kumirira mhinganidzo inokosha nokuda kwomutemo mukurusa.

Kushanda Kunoita Kushongedza Nhasi

Kazhinji kazhinji, kukwidza kwapabonde kunoda vhoti hurusa (inowanzova 60 mu 100 Senators) uye, muzvinoitika zvakadaro, kuita saizvozvo hakugumisi kurangarira asi kunoisa bedzi ganhuriro yenguva. Ikoku kunoreva kuti kunyange pashure pokunge kugwinya kwakumbirwa, kurukurirano inopfuurira kwenhambo yakaganhurirwa apo kuvhota kwokupedzisira kusati kwaitika.

Munhevedzano yemienzaniso yakatangwa muna 2013 na2017 naDemocrates naRepublicans, zvichitevedzana, Dare rakadudzirazve Mutemo XXII zvokuti kushandura kunoda voruzhinji bedzi kuti vape simba. Kuchinja uku, kunowanzonzi "chisarudzo chenyukireya," kwakabvisa chikwata chedavi redare rehurumende, kubatanidza vatongi veDare Guru, kuchikuita kuti kuve nyore kuti purezidhendi ave nenzvimbo huru.

Kushandiswa kwenhamba, yaingochengeterwa nhau dzinomutsa nharo zvikurusa, kwakawedzera zvinoshamisa mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya pamwe chete nokukura kwenzvimbo inogarwa navanhu muWashington. Kwave kune mavhoti anopfuura 2 500 okugumisa nhubuster chifo cha 1917; inopfuura hafu yave iri mumakore 12 chete apfuura. Uku kudzorwa kwakamutsa gakava rinopfuurira pamusoro pokuti chiQumbu chirevo chekodzero shomanene kana kuti chinogonesa.

Kutarisira Nokuongorora Kwemasangano

Dare rakaongorora kusarura zviremera zvehurumende (pabazi guru) uye pabazi guru reAmerica (uye kune imwe nzvimbo munzanga yeAmerica) kubvira muna 1792. Kudiwa kwokuongorora kunoitwa pamusangano kunoramba kuri chinhu chinokosha chokudzivisa hurumende nokudzidzisa vanhu.

Dare, kufanana neImba, rinotungamirira vatarisiri vebazu guru uye masangano ehurumende anogona kukumbira mashoko, kuva nenzwisiso, uye kunzvera nhau dzefariro yavose, kubatanidza kusazvibata kunobvira kwehurumende uye kudikanwa kwechiito chemitemo. Iri basa rokutarisira rinovimbisa kuzvidavirira uye kujeka mumabasa ehurumende.

Matare edare anoita basa rinokosha mubasa iri rokutarisira. Dare rinoshandisa matare nokuda kwemhatsa yezvinangwa, kubatanidza kuhwirudzurwa kwemabhiri uye kutarisirwa kwebazu guru. Kupfurikidza nokutongwa kwedare, vatarisiri vanogona kubvunza vakuru vakuru vebazu, kunzvera miitiro yamasangano, uye kunzvera chakaipa chingavapo. Uku kunzvera kunogona kutungamirira kukuchinja kwemitemo, chinjo mumiitiro yamasangano, kana kuti kunyange vapari vemabhinya.

Utungamiriri Hwedare

Gadziriro youtungamiriri hweDare yakasiana zvikuru neiyo yeImba yavamiririri. Mutungamiriri weSanihedheni weUnited States achava Purezidhendi weDare uye ane chiremera chokutungamirira rusando rwedare, zvisinei nokuti anovhota kuti aputse jambwa. Iri basa rebumbiro remitemo rinopa Mutungamiriri weSanihedhesi ukama hwakananga kumuitiro wemitemo, kunyange zvazvo kuchiitwa, Vatungamiriri veSanihedhesi havawanzotungamirira pabhizimisi reSate.

Bumbiro reMitemo rinobvumira Dare kusarudza purezidhendi pro renguva duku (chiLatin nokuda kwe "mutungamiriri kwenguva yakati"), uyo anotungamirira kamuri racho mukusavapo kwomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi uye ari, netsika, mutarisiri webato revoruzhinji ane chinyorwa chinopfuurira chirefu zvikuru chebasa. Kufanana nemutevedzeri wapurezidhendi, pro demordore haasati achiwanzotungamirira paDare, asi zvikurukuru anotuma mutoro wokutungamirira kumukuru mukuru wedare anotungamirira paDare, kazhinji kazhinji mumabhuroko eawa rimwe pahwaro hunotenderera.

Dare Majoritaty Mutungamiriri, kunyange zvazvo asina kududzwa muBumbiro reMitemo, azova nzvimbo ine simba zvikurusa mukamuri. Mutungamiriri weMajorida anodzora purogiramu yomutemo weDare, anosarudza kuti zvikwereti zvipi zvinopinda muuriri nokuda kwekurukurirano, uye anokurukura nebato duku panhau dzinotevedzerwa. Mutungamiriri weMinety anobatira somumiriri mukuru wechishori uye anoshanda kufambisira mberi wiro yebato ravo.

Matare eDare: Mabhiza Anoshanda Emitemo

Basa guru redare rinotsiva rinoitika mumatare, umo mutemo unosanonzverwa, unogadziridzwa, uye unokurukurwa usati wasvika pauriri hweDare rakazara. Kugadzwa kwemitezo yedare kunoitwa nenzira yakarongwa neDare rose, asi mitezo inoitwa zvomenemene namasangano ezvematongerwe enyika. Dare rimwe nerimwe reDare nerekunyoresa rinotungamirirwa nasachigaro, kazhinji kazhinji mutezo webato guru.

Matare eDare ane udzori panharaunda dzakananga dzemiitiro, dzakadai seukama hwokumwe, mabasa ezvombo, mari, matare edare, uye matare. aya anotonga kuti aunganidze mashoko, atungamirire masangano anotungamirira, uye anyore mitemo asati aitumira kuDare rakazara. migove yeDare inotsvakwa zvikuru, sezvo anogovera vatarisiri vedare vane unyanzvi mumiitiro yakati uye pesvedzero pamusoro pomutemo unotapura mibatanidzwa yavo.

Gadziriro yedare inobvumira Dare kubata basa raro rakaoma nenzira inobudirira. Panzvimbo pokuva nyanzvi iri yose pachinyorwa chiri chose, gadziriro yedare inogonesa kujekeswa nokusanoongororwa kwemitemo inokarakadzwa. Kutongwa kwedare kunogoverawo mikana nokuda kwokuwana mubatanidzwa wavose, chipupuriro chenyanzvi, uye kujeka mumuitiro wemitemo.

Basa Redare Mumasimba Ehondo

Dare reMitemo rinopa Congress simba rokuzivisa hondo panhambo 11, kubatanidza kuzivisa kwaro kwokutanga kwehondo neGreat Britain muna 1812.

Kubvira panguva iyoyo yakabvumirana kutsunga kunobvumira kushandiswa kweuto uye inopfuurira kuumba muitiro wehondo weU.S. kupfurikidza nokutaurirwa nokutarisirwa. iyi mhindumupindu inoratidzira mitoo inochinja mubvumirano yehondo dzeAmerica, napurezidhendi vachivimba nenzira inowedzera pamvumo dzokushandiswa kweuto panzvimbo peziviso dzenguva dzose dzehondo.

Simba resungano rinobatanidzawo masimba ehondo, sezvo zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose zvakawanda zvinobatanidza mibatanidzwa yehondo, udzori hwezvombo, uye misengwa yechengeteko. Kupfurikidza nokupa kwayo chiremera nokutonga nokutonga, Dare rinochengeta pesvedzero inopfuurira pamuitiro wehondo, mari inoshandiswa pakudzivirira, uye mufambiro wehondo.

Macheki Nedzikamo: Basa reDare Romutemo

Ganhuriro iyi yokunzvera nedzikamo inodzivisa bazu ripi neripi kuunganidza simba rakanyanyisa uye kudzivirira nheyo dzehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu.

Masimba akasiyana- siyana eDare anoshanda pamwe chete kuti atange mapfundo akawanda okuzvidavirira. Kupfurikidza nokusimbisa kuzvidavirira. Kupfurikidza nokunzwa, Dare rinopesvedzera rinobatira munzvimbo huru dzehurumende. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidza, inoumba muitiro wokumwe. Kupfurikidza nokuedza kwokupa mhaka, rinopa vakuru vakuru mhaka nokuda kwomufambiro usina kururama. Kupfurikidza nomutemo uye utariri, rinodzika mitemo yehurumende uye rinovimbisa masangano kushanda mukati momutemo.

Iri basa rine mibato yakawanda rinoita Dare kuva sangano rinokosha muAmerica. Kusafanana neImba yaVamiririri, iyo yakagadzirirwa kuva inogamuchira zvikuru murangariro wakakurumbira, Dare rakaitirwa kuva mutumbi unoregeredza zvikuru, richigovera dzikamo nokusanorangarirwa kwezvikarakadzo zvemitemo. Mitemo mirefu yamakore matanhatu uye sarudzo inokatyamadzwa inodzivirira zvishoma kubva mudzvinyiriro dzekare dzezvamatongerwe enyika, inovabvumira kuva nemifungo mirefu panhau dzorudzi.

Simba Romuraudzo Redare

Dare rine chiremera chokuranga mitezo yaro rimene, kuchengeta perero yesangano nemipimo yomufambiro. Chikamu I, chikamu 5, cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. chinogovera kuti imba imwe neimwe yeCongress inga "shayisa mitezo yayo mufambiro usina kufanira, uye, nokubvumirana kwemitezo miviri yechitatu, kudzinga mutezo. Kubvira muna 1789 Dare rakadzinga mitezo 15 bedzi. Simba iri, kunyange zvazvo risingawanzoshandiswa, rinoshanda sedziviriro inokosha mukurwisana nomufambiro wakashata navatenzi.

Cenrence chimiro chechirango chinoshandiswa neDare mukurwisana nemitezo yaro (dzimwe nguva inonongedzerwa kwachiri sokushurikidza kana kuti kushurikidza). Kutaura kwakarongwa kwokusatendera, kutsiura hakubvisi mutevedzeri pahofisi. Chibviro cha 1789 Dare rakatsiura vapfumbamwe vemitezo yaro. Cenrease inomirira kutsiurwa kwapachena uko kunogona kukuvadza mukurumbira wamendi wedare uye kushanda pasina kuvabvisa panzvimbo.

Dare Negadziriro Yebhajeti

Dare rinoita basa rinokosha mukuronga mari negadziriro dzehurumende. Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo richida zvikwereti zvemari kuti zvitangire muImba, Dare rine chiremera chakaenzana pamusoro pokushandisa mutemo uye rinogona kuchinja mitero inopfuudzwa paImba. Iri simba rinopa pesvedzero huru yedare pamusoro pezvinhu zvinokosha zvehurumende uye kugoverwa kwezvinhu.

Muitiro wemari yokuyananisa unoda ngwariro chaiyo. Muitiro wemari yokuyananisa yegore negore weCongress unoda vhoti yakapfava bedzi uye haigoni kuva inodzorwa. Iyi misiano yeSanihe inobvumira mutemo wakati une chokuita nebhajeti kupfuura 60 anodikanwa kukurira mubereke. Kuyananisa kwazova kunokosha zvikuru mumakore achangobva kupfuura senzira yokuita nayo chinjo huru muDare renyika.

Kuburikidza nechiremera chayo chokutaura, Dare rinogona kupesvedzera zvinhu zvokutanga zvebazu rapamusoro, mapurogiramu emari kana kuti egadziriro yokugadzira zvinhu, uye kuitwa kwegadziriro yokugadzira.

Kushanduka Kworusarudzo Rwedare

Kuvambira pamavambo ayo muna 1789 kusvikira muna 1913, vamiriri vakagadzwa namatare ehurumende ehurumende enyika dzavo dzakatsaukana. Iyi gadziriro yakaratidzira chiono chavatangi cheDare serinomirira hurumende dzehurumende panzvimbo pavanhu zvakananga. Zvisinei, kuitira hanya pamusoro pouori, matare ehurumende akaronzeswa, uye kuzvidavirira kwehurumende kwehurumende kwakatungamirira kuraira chinjo.

Seventeenth Amendment, yakasimbiswa muna 1913, sarudzo dzakachinjwa zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nokuda sarudzo yakakurumbira yavose. Iyi chinjo yakaita kuti Dare rive redemocracy zvikuru uye rizvidavirire kuvavhoti, kunyange zvazvo rakachinjawo chimiro chesangano racho noukama hwaro nehurumende. Nhasi, sarudzo yeDare iri pakati pemakwikwi anosanotarisirwa zvikuru uye anodhura zvikuru ezvamatongerwe enyika munyika, nokudzora kukamuri kacho kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji pamijaho mishoma yamakwikwikwi.

Pesvedzero Yedare Pamunamato

Zvichida hakuna simba reDare rine simba rinogara kupfuura kusimbiswa kwavatongi vehurumende, zvikurukuru vatongi veDare Rapamusorosoro. Vatongi veFederal vanobatira kugadza kwoupenyu hwose, kureva kuti zvisarudzo zvokusimbisa Dare zvinoumba mutongi kwezvizvarwa. Zano reDare nebasa rokubvuma zvinoripa pesvedzero huru pamusoro pekuumbwa kwepfungwa kwematare ehurumende uye kududzirwa kwomutemo webumbiro remitemo.

Kusimbisa mhaka dzeDare rapamusoro zvikurusa kwazova zvinoitika zvikuru zvamatongerwe enyika, nokunzverwa kukuru kwouzivi hwavatongi, zvisarudzo zvekare, uye nzvimbo panhau dzenharo. Simba reDare rokuramba vamirine rinobatira secherekedzo pakuedza kwapurezidhendi kudzosazve mutongi, kunyange zvazvo kubviswa kwechiFilicbuster nokuda kweHigh Court inovanze maminee kwakaita kuti zvibvumikiso zvive nyore zvikuru mumativi ebato.

Vatongi ava vanobata nyaya dzakawanda dzehurumende uye vanoita mabasa anokosha mukuturikira nokushandisa mutemo wehurumende. Simba reDare rokusimbisa nokudaro rinotambanudza kupfuura kure nehondo dzedare guru redare repamusorosoro kuti riumbe dare rose rehurumende.

Zvinetso Zvenguva Ino uye Magakava

Dare reSamende razvino uno rinotarisana nedenho dzakawanda idzo dzinotapura mano aro okuita mabasa aro ebumbiro remitemo. Kuwedzera kwebatira pamwe yezvamatongerwe enyika kwakaita kuti batira pamwe yebipartis ive yakaoma zvikuru, kuchitungamirira kukushandiswa kwapanguva dzose kwemonibulister kumutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokuti Dare rinogona kukurukura nenzira inobudirira zvinetso zvorudzi zvinomanikidzira kana kuti kana mitemo yemitemo yehurumende ichigonesa kudzongonyedza ganhuriro shomanene.

Nharo pamusoro pechinjo yenhambano yevana vavana dzinopfuurira kuparadzanisa vatenzi navacherekedzi vezvamatongerwe enyika. Vatsigiri vokubvisa kana kuti kugadziridza chigadziko chinodzivisa chidzongonyedzo chechiduku ndokudzivisa Dare kugamuchira chido chakakurumbira. Vadziviriri vanotaura kuti mwana anodzivirira kodzero shomanene, anokurudzira kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, uye anodzivisa mutemo wekukurumidzira. Iyi kurukurirano inoratidzira mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pebasa reDare rehurumende yeAmerica nedzikamo pakati pomutemo mukuru nedziviriro shomanene.

Kumirira kwakaenzana kweDare reHurumende, pasinei zvapo nechiverengero chavagari vemo, kwakaparirawo kurukurirano. Sezvo kusiyana kwechiverengero chavagari vemo pakati penyika kwakura, gadziriro yeDare inoreva kuti vamiriri vanomirira vashoma veAmerica vanogona kumisa mutemo unotsigirwa navamiriri vanomirira voruzhinji. Ikoku kunomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pomufananidzo wehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, kunyange zvazvo kuchinja kuumbwa kwaDare kwaizoda kugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo.

Basa Redare Muzvibvumirano Zvinotungamirira

Nepo Dare richifanira kuita zvibvumirano zvehurumende, mapurezidhendi akatsamira nenzira inowedzera pazvibvumirano zvavakuru vakuru zvisingadi tendero yeDare. izvi zvibvumirano zvinobvumira purezidhendi kuita muitiro wokumwe nokuchinjika kukuru, asi zvinomutsawo itiro hanya pamusoro poutarisiri hwedare nedzikamo yesimba munhau dzokumwe. Dare rine mano akaganhurirwa okudzvinyirira zvibvumirano zvehurumende, kunyange zvazvo richigona kushandisa kuwirirana kwedare, uye mutemo kupesvedzera kuitwa kwavo.

Iyi kombamiro kubvumirano dzavakuru vakuru inoratidzira chinjo huru zvikuru mukutonga kweAmerica, napurezidhendi anoshandisa chiremera chikuru zvikuru chisina mubatanidzwa mumuitiro wokumwe. Simba reChibvumirano cheDare rinoramba richikosha nokuda kwemisengwa mikuru yamarudzi ose, asi zvibvumirano zvavakuru vakuru zvazova chiwirirano chikuru nokuda kwegadziriro dzakawanda dzamarudzi ose.

Chikonzero Nei Vagari Vachifanira Kuitira Hanya Dare

Kunzwisisa masimba eDare nemiitiro zvinokosha nokuda kwougari hwemo hunoziva. Zvisarudzo zveDare zvinotapura mativi ose oupenyu hweAmerica, kubvira kuutano nedzidzo kusvikira kuchengeteko yenyika nomutemo wezvemari. Vatongi vanosimbisa vatongi vanodudzira mitemo, zvibvumirano zveracted zvinoumba ukama hwenyika yose, uye kuisa mutemo unosarudza zvinhu zvinokosha zvomubatanidzwa uye mari.

Vagari vanogona kupesvedzera Dare kupfurikidza nokuvhota, kunyorerana navatenzi vavo, kutora rutivi mukutonga kwavose, uye kutora rutivi mukutonga. Sarudzo dzeDare dzinogovera mikana yokuita kuti vasaruri vazvipire nokuda kwezvivhoti zvavo nenzvimbo. Pakati pesarudzo, kurukurirano inoumbwa inogona kupesvedzera nzvimbo dzavasarudzo pamusoro pomutemo unomirira nokusarudzwa.

Basa reDare mukusimbisa vatongi navakuru vakuru vebazu rinoreva kuti sarudzo yapurezidhendi ine revowo huru nokuda kwebasa reDare. Bati rinodzora Dare rinogona kupfavisa kana kuti kuvhiringidza zvirongwa zvapurezidhendi, kuita kuti Dare ridzore chinhu chinokosha mukudzora kweAmerica.

Dare Mugadziriro Yetsika Yenyika

Kumirira kwakaenzana kweDare rehurumende kunoratidzira mugariro wehurumende yeAmerica. Kusafanana neImba yaVamiririri, umo mufananidzo wakavakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vemo, Dare rinopa hurumende imwe neimwe inzwi rakaenzana pasinei zvapo noukuru. Ichi chivako chaikosha kuchengetedza tsigiro yehurumende duku nokuda kweBumbiro remitemo uye chinopfuurira kuumba matongerwe enyika eAmerica.

Basa reDare mutsika yehurumende rinotambanudzwa kupfuura kumirira kwaro. Kupfurikidza namasimba aro akasiyana- siyana, Dare rinobatira senzvimbo umo fariro dzehurumende dzinogona kuziviswa nokudzivirirwa. Varevereri vanowanzotsigira fariro dzehurumende dzavo dzezvemari, kuiswa kwehondo, zvirongwa zvehurumende, uye purogiramu yemiitiro. Uyu mufananidzo wakavakirwa pahurumende unobatanidza mamiriro eNzvimbo yakavakirwa pavagari vemo, kuumba gadziriro yebhimeral iyo inodzikanisa nheyo dzakasiana dzemireza.

Kutarira Mberi: Nguva Yemberi yeDare

Sezvo nzanga yeAmerica nezvamatongerwe enyika zvinopfuurira kuchinja, Dare rinotarisana nemibvunzo inopfuurira pamusoro pebasa raro nemiitiro. Nharo pamusoro pokuchinja vana, mutoo wokusimbisa, uye mano eDare kupedza zvinetso zvenyika sezvingabvira achapfuurira. Simba racho mano okuchinja richichengeta mabasa aro ebumbiro remitemo richaumba udzori hweAmerica kwamakore anouya.

Masimba eDare akasiyana nemiitiro zvinoriita sangano rinotsaura muhurumende yeAmerica. Basa raro mukusimbisa vakuru vakuru, zvibvumirano zvinoruramisa, kuisa mutemo unopa pesvedzero chaiyoiyo pamuitiro wenyika. Nzvero nedzikamo zvarinopa pasimba rehurumende nerokutonga zvinoramba zviri madikanwa kukudzora kwebumbiro remitemo.

Nokuda kwavagari vemo vanotsvaka kunzwisisa hurumende yeAmerica, zivo yamasimba eDare nemiitiro inokosha. Zvisarudzo zveDare zvinoumba nhungamiro yorudzi, uye vagari vemo vanoziva vanogona kutora rutivi zviri nani mumiitiro yedemocracy apo vanonzwisisa kuti iyi sangano rinokosha rinoshanda sei. Kungava kupfurikidza nokuvhota, kuvhota, kana kuti kungogara bedzi vasingazivi, vagari vemo vanogona kupinda mubasa reDare ndokubetsera kuivimbisa kuti ipedze mitoro yayo yebumbiro-mitemo nenzira inobudirira.

Simba reDare muhurumende rinotambanudza kupfuura kuvhota kwomutemo kwakapfava. Kupfurikidza nezviremera zvaro zvebumbiro remitemo zvakasiana(kusimbisa kugadza, kusimbisa zvibvumirano, kuitisa miedzo yokusaraira, uye kushandisa utarisiri) Dare rinobatira senzvero yakakomba pasimba roukuru uye mutumbi unorerutsa unoumba muitiro worudzi. Kunzwisisa aya masimba kunobetsera vagari vemo kunzwisisa basa guru reDare muAmerica inosarudzwa navanhu uye ukoshi hwokutora rutivi mumasarudzo ayo anotema nokutungamirira.

Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro pamasimba nemiitiro zveDare, shanyira nzvimbo yepaIndaneti yedare reU.S.. Kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pomuitiro wemitemo uye kuti mari inova sei mutemo, kunzvera zviwanikwa pa Conreg. gov[. Constitution Center yeNational Center[ inopa zvinhu zvakaisvonaka zvedzidzo panheyo dzemitemo yeSangano negadziriro yokunzvera yakafara.