Raje Sabra’s Constitution of the Council Constitution Date Yavanhu Vanogara Munharaunda Dzakaganhurirwa

Raje Sabba, seimba yapamusoro yeBadamaral Parmendi yeIndia, ine nzvimbo inosiana yebumbiro remitemo yakagadzirirwa kumirira fariro dzehurumende nenzvimbo dzinobatanidzwa. Kusafanana neLok Sabhaha, ane mitezo inosarudzwa zvakananga navanhu, Raje Sabha Sabha mitezo inosarudzwa namagungano ehurumende uye inogamuchidzwa naPuerces yeSayya Ha yeunyanzvi hwavo muminda semabhuku, sayenzi, uye basa renzanga. Iyi yakaitwa namaune kuti igove apo manzwi eruwa neshomanene neyakaderera zvinodzorwa kupfuura marusarusa. Vatongi veSaryabha vakatara sechirongwa chokuvakwa kwenzvimbo yapamhika chitsaru, vanogamuchira kuchengetedzwa kwemitemo isati yadzorwa.

Chikamu 80 cheBumbiro reMitemo chinogovera mitezo inosvika 238 yakasarudzwa na12 muRaje Sabha. Mitezo yakasarudzwa inowanzosarudzwa pakati pavanhu vakazvitsaura vamene mudziviriro yetsika yedzinza, mitauro miduku, kana kuti ruramisiro yenzanga. Mumakumi amakore apfuura, iyi gadziriro yakabvumira vanhu vakadai savanosimudzira magariro enzanga, nyanzvi dzezvemari, uye vatongi kuunza itiro hanya dzouswa zvakananga munharo dzeparamende. Raja Sabra nokudaro anova nzvimbo inotsoropodza umo mutemo wekodzero dzamadzinza nedzemitezo duku hauna kukurukurwa bedzi asi wakaumbwa kazhinji kazhinji munzira idzo dzinowirirana nharidzano dzebudiriro yorudzi nedziviriro dzaifanira kuva nenzanga dzeIndia dzinovatana kukuvadzwa zvikurusa.

Chikonzero Nei Rajesa Sabha Ane Nhau Nokuda Kwomutemo Wedzinza Nouduku

Tapuro yeRajiya Sabba pakodzero dzedzinza nedzenhando hadzisingoriwo zvadzo; dzinongoda kuparadzwa. Nemhaka yokuti Imba haigoni kuparadzwa, inogovera kupfuurira mukunzvera muhurumende. Uku kugara kwenguva inoibvumira kuvaka yeuko yokuronga panhau dzakadai sekodzero dzenyika, kukwanisa kuita masango, kuchengeteka kwetsika, uye kuzvidzora kwedzidzo. Apo pamutemo unonongedzerwa kudare rakasarudzwa kana kuti dare rakamira reRajaya Sabha, mitezo inogona kudana zvapupu, zvisarudzo, uye inoparira mishumo iyo kazhinji kazhinji inomanikidzira hurumende kurangarirazve gadziriro dzenhano. Mabasa akawanda akadai seSted Gamend ReadgalvelForversssworst (Regn Requence Orgion of Forest) Act, uye National Commental Actal Acts of Acten, 1992at darety, chibvumirano charomeoted chitsa mabhina.

Muitiro Wemitemo Nebasa Rokuongorora Raje Sabha

Rwendo rwemitemo rwechibvumirano chemitemo muRaje Sabha runotevera nhano dzimwe chetedzo sedziri muLok Sabha·introduction, gakava, chikamu chegore nejenaguru, uye kuvhota (apo masimba akatanhamara eimba anowedzera mitsara yehwirudzuro. MuChikamu 109, mari Bill haigoni kupiwa muRajiya Sabba; zvisinei, mutemo wakawanda unotapura kodzero dzedzinza nedzechikamu chiduku hausi mari uye unofanira kupfuura dzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Kana Rajiya Sabha akaramba chibvumirano kana kuti kukundikana kupfuudza chibvumirano chokugara, asi tyisidziro yokunonoka uye kuongorora vanhu kazhinji kazhinji unosunda hurumende kuti igadzirwe nenzvimbo yeimba yapamusoro.

Varwi Vedare Sechidzitiro Chenzanga Dzinoshayiswa Mungozi

Chimwe chezvishandiso zvine simba zvikurusa zveRajiya Sabra zvokudzivirira fariro dzamarudzi nedzechiduku iko kunongedzera kwayo kwemabhiri kumatare eparamende. Sangano reDhipatimendi rinogara paSangano reSabata paBasa, Public Grievances, Mutemo, somuenzaniso, rakagadziridza kugadziridza kuSangano reChikatapora nePunioncrative (Kutsiva kweMitemo yeAtrocaties). Nenzira yakafanana, Dare reSahlulero yeSocial Justice neMaclacy rakanzvera zvikwereti zvine chokuita namasangano edzidzo mashoma. Matare aya anokoka kuzviisa pasi pasi kusangano asiri ehurumende, madzinza, uye vatungamiriri vezvitendero vashoma, achivimbisa kuti zvinoitika zvenzanga hazviparadzwi mugadziriro yemitemo yemitemo.

Somuenzaniso, mukati mokupfuudzwa kwamaruramiro okuenda kuFair Compensation ne Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Refitation Act, 2013, dare raRaje Sabba rakaziviswa pamusoro pokubviswa kwemhuri dzedzinza munyika dzomusango. Kugadziridzwa kwapamuuyo kwaida kubvumira kwapamutemo kubva musabhas pamberi pokuvakwa kupi nokupi muNzviunda dzakarongwa. Iyi gadziriro, iyo inoramba iri dombo rekona redziviriro yedzinza, yakaumbwa zvakananga nokuongororwa kweimba yapamusoro.

Kutapura Mitemo Yekodzero Dzemarudzi: Mienzaniso Mitatu Yakajeka

Raje Sabra yakaita basa guru muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru zvemitemo yekodzero dzedzinza: Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006; Gadziriro dzePanchayats (Kurongwa Kwenzvimbo Dzakarongwa) Act (PESA), 1996; uye Land Acquisition Act Act. Imba yepamusoro yakasimbisa sei dziviriro dzenzanga dzemadzinza.

Murayiro Wekodzero Dzesango, 2006

Apo kunyorwa kweFRA kwakatanga kutangwa, vatsoropodzi vakataura kuti kwaigona kutungamirira kukuparadza kukuru nokukwikwidzana. Dare raRaje Sabha rakamira rakatanga fundo huru, kushanyira misha yomusango muMaharashtra, Odhisha, uye Jarkand. Mushumo wavo wakasimbisa kuti nzanga dzendudzi dzaitsamira mutsika dzekare nokuda kwokurarama kwemiti uye kuti pasina kuzivikanwa kwapamutemo kwekodzero dzavo, vakatarisana nokudzingwa. Dare rakarumbidza kuchinja kukuru, kubatanidza kuva ne “vamwe vagari vomusango vemo remo” vaigona kubvumikisa kuva vagari vezvizvarwa zvitatu, uye kuumbwa kwegiramuga-goronga kuti vasimbise. Chiito chokupedzisira, icho chakabetsera mhuri dzinenge mamirioni 4,5, chinova nechinhu chinonzi Buddha debibligate.

PISA Nesimba Remudhori

PISA Act ya1996 yakawedzera urongwa hweSabata rePeclation of 73th Constitution to Shegedy Attures, ichipa giramu yesabhas masimba pamusoro pevhu, mvura, uye miti miduku. Zvisinei, kugadzirwa kwayo kwakaramba kusina kusimba kwemakore. Muna 2013, Rajeya Sabhaha yakapa chisarudzo chaikurudzira hurumende huru kuti ipe mitemo inodzika kuidzwa. Izvi zvakatungamirira kukuumbwa kweMinistry of Trial Affaion Guides for PISA, izvo zvakajekesa basa regiramu resabhass nokuwana nzvimbo yemigodhi. Rayya Sabbaha yakaramba ichiita kuti muchato ushanduke kubva kumutemo wokufananidzira unoshanda kunzvimbo dzemadzinza dzaigona kuendesa kumatare.

Kuwana Mari Nokudzorerwa

Chibvumirano cha2013 Land Acquisition Act chakasunungura pakuvamba zvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvesangano rezvirongwa zvenyika pakubvuma kwacho. Raje Sabha yakasarudzwa, ichitungamirirwa nomutezo unobva kunyika ine vanhu vakawanda vedzinza, yakamanikidza kubviswa kweizvi zvisakiso. Mushumo wedare wacho wakabatanidza nhau dzinokatyamadza dzemhuri dzedzinza kubva kuOdisha uyo akanga abviswa munyika pasina muripo. Somuuyo, Act yokupedzisira yakaraira kuti nyika yakawanwa muStemplement Programss Mupeciality iri pasi pechirongwa chipi nechipi, kubvumira kwegram sabba (zo) kana kuti musangano wemhuri dzose dzakataputswa dzinoda kutemwa. Iyi gadziriro yakadudzwa mumitemo inoverengeka yeDare gurusaresare inobvisa nyika yapambwa yapanyika yainenge yapazambira nzanga nzanga nzanga.

Kuchinja Kunoita Mitemo Yekodzero Dzokuduku

Kupesvedzera kweRajiya Sabha kwave kuchioneka zvikuru mukuumbwa kwemisangano yemitemo yemitemo, kutevedzerwa kwemasangano edzidzo mashoma, uye kutarisirwa kwemasangano edzidzo mashoma, uye kudzivirirwa kwetsika.

National Commission for Minorties Act, 1992

Chibvumirano cha1992 chakatanga basa renhengo shanu rokuongorora zvirongwa zvezvegamuchinoshandira nokuongorora kuputswa. Zvisinei, dare racho rakanga risina masimba okuita kuti zvinhu zvirambe kuripo. Muna 2004, Raje Sabha’’s Department Staliary Committee on Home Affairs yakaongorora chibvumirano ichi ndokurumbidza kuti dare ripiwe “simba redare rehurumende” rokushevedza zvapupu uye kukumbira magwaro. Hurumende yakatanga kurambidza, asi Raja Sabhaha yakaramba kubvunza panguva yePuzitisiti yePurce Memonetic Affairs kuti iunze kudzorerwa kwenhauro muna 2006. Nhasi, National Commis Commis for Minetic renhauties inogona kuratidza kuti donzo renhauro rehurumende rehurumende rehurumende rekudzosarudzorosaidzosa uye ine chiremera chokurumbidza kukwidza kukwidza.

Waqf Boards neRaje Sabha

Waqf Act, 1995, iyo inobata nokutarisirwa kwemibatanidzwa yechitendero chechiMuslim, yakagadziridzwa muna 2013 pashure pekurukurirano huru muRaje Sabba. Mitezo yakaonesa kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zveWaqf, izvo zvinobatanidza zviuru zvemaeka enyika muIndia, zvakanga zvichibatwa zvisiri pamutemo kana kuti kutengeswa. dare raRajiya Sabba rakakarakadza kuumbwa kweDare reCentral Waqf nemasimba okutarisira uye kunyoreswa kwokumanikidzirwa kwewaqf nezvinhu zvose zvewaqf pamapurai ewa eWaqf mukati mamakore matatu. Kudzodzodzo, uko kwakapfuura muna 2013, kwaidawo kuti pari duku-tatu remitezo yemapapubhuro enyika rive vakadzi kuti Robdhadha ashairwe pakutanga. Sjahab adzo yeSayha yakabatanidza kudzorwa kwetsika kwechipamberi yetsika yetsika yetsika yetsika yetsika yetsika dzapamutemo.

Kodzero Dzedzidzo Netsika Nokuda Kwezviduku

Chikamu 30 cheBumbiro reMitemo chinovimbisa maruramiro mashoma okugadza nokutungamirira masangano edzidzo. Apo hurumende yakaedza kuunza makoreji ose asingashandisi muviri muCommon Entrance Muestry (CHET) muna 2016, Dare raRajiya Sabhaha paMinovations rakabudisawo mushumo unopesana waiti kutyora chipikirwa chebumbiro remitemo. Mushumo wedare racho, wakarevererwa pauriri hweImba, wakatungamirira kuboka rapamberi, uye pakupedzisira hurumende yabvisa chikarakadzo. Rajiya Sabba wavewo ari chishandiso mukuvandudza pamutemo weMaulana Azad Educade Foundation nokuda kwechidzidzo yezvidzidzo zvechiduku. Chirongwa chinobetsera vadzidzi 60 000 gore negore.

Zvinetso Zvakatarisana neRaje Sabra Mukudzivirira Kodzero Dzedzinza Nedzeduku

Pasinei zvapo nezviri kubatanidzwa, Raje Sabha anotarisana nedenho dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinoganhurira kubudirira kwadzo mukuchengetedza maruramiro edzinza neoushoma.

Chinetso Chokumirira Zvematongerwe Enyika

Sezvo mitezo yaRaje Sabra ichisarudzwa namagungano ehurumende emitemo, kuumbwa kweimba yapamusoro kunowanzoratidzira udzori hwebato munyika. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, mubatanidzwa unotonga wakawana vazhinji muRajiya Sabha, uchideredza mano awo okushanda sekamuri rechokwadi rokuchengetera. Kana hurumende ichiita voruzhinji vakanaka, kuongororwa kweimba yapamusoro kunova kuduku, uye kugadziridzwa kunokarakadzwa nemitezo inoshora (kubatanidza avo vanotsigira dzinza kana kuti vashomanene vanoparira.) Kugadziridzwa uku kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwakaderedza kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji . Kuongorora kweRaja Sabbaha kwemitemo kunotapura nzanga dzisingatani kukuvadzwa.

Masimba Asina Kukwana Pamabhiri Emari

Kurongwa kweBumbiro reMitemo seMari Rinotsigirwa neChikamu 110 kunobvisa Raje Sabha nenzira inobudirira kubva mushoko ripi neripi pamipimo yemari. Sezvo zvirongwa zvakawanda zvegarikano yedzinza zvakadai seChigadziko cheChaicho Kubatsira nokubatsira kweTsitsi yeTsitsi yeTsitsi nepurogiramu dzedzidzo nokuda kwavadzidzi vashomaduku. Zvikamu zvinobhadharwa kupfurikidza nemari inobhadharwa, Rajiya Sabba haigoni kunonozesa kana kuti kugadziridza izvi zvitsauko. Uku kuganhurirwa kunoreva kuti imba yapamusoro haigoni kupesvedzera mutengo wemari yakatsaurirwa kukubudirira kwedzinza neduku, bedzi mamiriro ezvinhu echikamu chenyika.

Kumirira Ndima dzeUnion uye Michina Yesimba

Nzvimbo dzeUnion dzine zviverengero zviduku zvavagari vemo uye dzisina mubatanidzwa .Nhau dzeIndaneti dzinoda kufanana neLakshadcueat neChandigarh(dzine bedzi kana kuti mbiri Rajiya Sabhaha, kazhinji kazhinji dzakazadzwa nemitezo ingava isingarovedzani zvikuru neitiro hanya dzomunzvimbomo. Uyezve, mitezo yaPrezidhendi Saya Sabba yakapfuudza pachena Chiito, nepo yakaitirwa kuwedzera unyanzvi, pane dzimwe nguva yakasarudzwa nokuda kwekuvimbika kwezvamatongerwe enyika panzvimbo yenzanga. Somuenzaniso, mukati mekurukurirano pamusoro pe 2019 Countricissication Act, mitezo mishomanene yakatsigira pachena, uye Raja Shabha yakapfuudza basa racho pasinei zvapo nezvinonetsa zvakapararira kubva kumapoka mashoma. Vatsoropo vakataura kuti imba yapamusoro yakakundikana basa rayo rokudzivirira kodzero dzamagariro dzamagarisa muchinoitika ichocho.

Kariro Dzomunguva Yemberi: Kusimbisa Raje Sabha Nokuda Kwoutongi Huri Kwoga

Zvikarakadzo zvechinjo zvokuwedzera basa raRaje Sabha mumutemo wedzinza nekodzero shomanene zvinonangidzira ngwariro panzvimbo nhatu: kuvakwa kwenhume, kushanda kwedare, uye kuoneka.

Kumirira Kwapachikamu uye Kusarudza Kwakananga

Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzebumbiro remitemo dzakakarakadza kubvisa kusarudzwa kusina kunanga kuti dzisarudze zvakananga Raje Sabha mitezo, kana kuti zvimwe kugadza kumirira kuwirirana mumibatanidzwa yehurumende kuva nechokwadi chokuti mapoka maduku aimirira fariro dzamarudzi nedzechiduku akachengeteka. Chikarakadzo cheNational Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (2002) chakarumbidza kuti Rajiya Sabhaha mitezo yendudzi dzine vanhu vedzinza vanokosha inofanira kusarudzwa kubva mumaconsitue chengeterwa nokuda kweSadyd Lication mugungano rehurumende remitemo. Nepo chikarakadzo ichi chikarakadzo chisati chaitwa, chaizozivisa zvakananga manzwi edzinza muimba yapamusoro.

Mishumo Yedare Ine Simba

Pari zvino, mishumo yedare muRaje Sabha iadvisory uye haisungi. Chinjo inokuita kuti kuve kwakafanira kuti hurumende ipedzise mukunyorera rumbidzo imwe neimwe mukati memwedzi mitanhatu(* uye kunyora mhinduro) yaizowedzera kuzvidavirira. Rajiya Sabha aigonawo kugamuchira “pepa rebhurukwasi” rinoshandiswa neUK House of Lords, uko mutemo wegadziriro unobudiswa pamberi pesumo yetsika, kubvumira mapoka edzinza namashoma kupa ufakazi mumuitiro wakarongwa. Gadziro rakadaro raizopawo chigaro patafura hondo yezvamatongerwe enyika isati yavamba.

Kuwanika Nenzira Yakajeka uye Kuwanikwa Kwavose

Zviitiko zvaRaje Sabra zvakatochereswa uye zvakachengetwa paIndaneti, asi kutonga kwedare hakuwaniki nguva dzose kuvanhu. Kurarama nokunangana kwemisangano yose yedare inobata nekodzero dzedzinza nedzevanhu vashoma(apo yakaitwa neParamende yeSouth Africa) kwaizovimbisa kuti nzanga dzinogona kupupurira muitiro wemitemo. Kuwedzerazve, Rajiya Sabba Secretariat yaigona kubudisa “Legislative Impact Report” inosimbisa kuti kupera kwayo kwakashandura sei mitemo inotapura Chipututi chePutuko neMite. Ikoku hakusati kuchizongodzidzisa bedzi vanhu vose asi kuparirawo chinyorwa chemipiro yeimba yapamusoro.

mhedziso

Raje Sabra yakabvumikisa nguva dzose ukoshi hwayo sesangano rinonzvera mutemo wekukurumidza uye rinobatanidza mirangariro yakasiana-- siyana mumitemo inotapura nzanga dzamarudzi nedzavaduku. Kubva paForest Rights Act kusvikira kuNational Commission for Minorties, simba rayo rinooneka mudziviriro dzakasimbiswa mumitemo yeIndia. Zvisinei, simba raro rinodzorwa nenzira inowedzera nemasimba makuru ezvamatongerwe enyika, akaganhurirwa, uye miganhu yemipimo. Kuzadzika chipikirwa charo charo, Raja Sabbaha inofanira kuparira [1] Kuchinja matare ezvokusimbisa, kusimbisa kujeka, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti manzwi enzanga dzeIndia dzisingatapukurwi zvikuru, asingatongodhumwi noruvara noruzha rwezvamatongerwe enyika. Ipapo bedzi inogona kupfuurira kubatira sekodzero yokuchengeta kodzero dzamano nekodzero dzedzinza duku.

Nokuda kwokuravazve panzvimbo yerajiya Sabba yebumbiro remitemo, kunongedzerwa ku Chibvumirano cheIndia – Zvikamu 80 kusvikira ku 88 uye official Rajiya Sabhata]. Tsvakurudzo pakodzero dzedzidzo duku dzinokurukurwa mu [FLT:] Hurumende nokuda kwemishumo miduku. [[FLT:]